Gas Analysis Page 1 of 5

Gas Analysis
The gas method refers to the equations of state used to calculate the gas properties such as ratio of specific heats, or
N-value, and the compressibility values, or Z-values.

The Ariel performance software allows the use of either the Hall equation of state (developed by the Chemical
Engineering department at Texas A&M University), or the VMG equation of stage (developed by Virtual Materials
Group). The VMG method uses APRD, Advanced Peng Robinson Dynamics, equation of state, . The VMG
method includes a larger number of available gas components and the ability to perform liquid drop-out flash
calculations.

The Hall method can be used when running "natural gas" based applications. The advantage of Hall equation of
state is its speed when running larger multi-run calculations with natural gas where the speed of the multi-run may
be hampered by the VMG calculation method. The HALL method includes water condensate calculations. The
Hall equation of state supports 30 gas components.

The VMG method can be used for all applications. The advantage of VMG is its accuracy and condensate flash
calculations when running performance on heavy gasses or non-hydrocarbon based gasses. The VMG method
performs hydrocarbon liquid drop-out flash calculations as well as water condensate calculations. The VMG
equation of state supports approximately five thousand gas components.

Ariel performance software will flag the user if the Hall option is used when the VMG option should be used due to
the potential of non-water liquid dropout.

Gas Composition and Selection of Components:

When initiating a project, the General Data tab includes an Application and Gas Type selection. This will help with
the main gas types by providing an initial gas selection for the specified application and gas type.

Once an Application Type and Gas Type have been selected, the gas analysis or specific gravity can be adjusted
based upon the project requirements. Either enter a specific gravity or select the Gas Analysis box on the Service /
Stage Data tab.

mk:@MSITStore:C:\Program%20Files%20(x86)\Ariel\Performance\Ariel.CHM::/Gas_A... 09/08/2015
Gas Analysis Page 2 of 5

If a Gas Analysis is available, uncheck the Specific Gravity check box and click on the Analysis box.

There are specific guidelines for each Gas Type for which components are available, or need to be populated wtih a
percentage. The Gas Type can be changed while on this screen if the Gas Type was not selected previously.

Enter the gas analysis, or add more components through this screen. The analysis will automatically be normalized
if the entered values do not sum to 100%. You can save and recall your gas analysis by using the open, save, and
save as commands in the "file" drop-down menu.

H2O - if your gas is water saturated, you can either manually enter the H2O content or enter 100% into the
"Humidity" box and enter the remaining gases minus any H2O. The program will automatically calculate the water
content of the gas and then recalculate the value each time the conditions are changed while running performance in
order to maintain an H2O saturated state.

Air - air is a mixture of several other gases. When applying an Air service, use the Air component rather than enter
the separate components that make up air.

Select Constituents

mk:@MSITStore:C:\Program%20Files%20(x86)\Ariel\Performance\Ariel.CHM::/Gas_A... 09/08/2015
Gas Analysis Page 3 of 5

The select constituents screen is used to add or remove gases from the gas analysis screen. When using the HALL
model there are 30 gases to choose from, while the VMG model has thousands available. If the gas needed is not on
the Entire List contact Ariel Applications Engineering department. Gases are added or removed by first
highlighting the gas by clicking on it, then clicking the "Add" or "Remove" button as needed. The Shift and Ctrl
keys can be used to highlight groups of gases to be added or removed.

Side Streams

Side stream gas flow is entered into this same main gas analysis window.

mk:@MSITStore:C:\Program%20Files%20(x86)\Ariel\Performance\Ariel.CHM::/Gas_A... 09/08/2015
Gas Analysis Page 4 of 5

A sidestream function has been added prior to stage one to allow for mixing two gasses. The Required Flow is the
total flow into the stage one cylinder. The sidestream flow, entered as a percent of the Required Flow, is the portion
of the main flow coming into the main stream prior to stage one. The main stream gas analysis is the gas analysis
prior to the sidestream. The sidestream gas analysis is the added gas to be mixed with the main flow prior to stage
one.

Specific Gravity rather than Gas Analysis

When applying typical natural gas services, a specific gravity (S.G.) can be entered rather than a full gas analysis.
The gas analysis will be "made up" based upon a set of constituents typically found in natural gas to meet the S.G.
entered. However, when the gas analysis is available, it is always more accurate than entering the S.G. of the gas.

The gas list that makes up the S.G. composition can be changed. For example, if nitrogen is not present in the
formation, it can be removed from the gas list to "make up" the composition to meet the S.G.

Select the Analysis box on the Service / Stage Data tab and click on the Select Constituents box to select the gasses
to use in this composition. This is very similar to the method above to enter a gas analysis, but without the Gas
Analysis? check box marked.

mk:@MSITStore:C:\Program%20Files%20(x86)\Ariel\Performance\Ariel.CHM::/Gas_A... 09/08/2015
Gas Analysis Page 5 of 5

mk:@MSITStore:C:\Program%20Files%20(x86)\Ariel\Performance\Ariel.CHM::/Gas_A... 09/08/2015