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Earth Science
Unit 2
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Types of Planets
Terrestrial Planets
Mercury
Shortest orbit around the sun
Venus
Rocky, solid surface
Hottest planet in the solar system
Earth Dont have rings
Our planet
Very few to no moons
The only known planet that supports life
Mars Relatively small
Possibly could have supported life in
the past
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Types of Planets
Gas/Ice Giant Planets
Jupiter
Largest planet
Multiple moons
Saturn
Supports ring systems
Supports a huge ring system
Uranus No solid surface
Rotates on its side
Immense size
Neptune
Outermost planet
Types of Planets
Dwarf Planets
Ceres
Located in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter
Largest known object in the solar system that is not a true, full-sized
planet
Pluto
Located in the Kuiper belt beyond Neptune
For many years was known as a full-sized planet till Neil Degrasse
Tyson and the rest of the scientific community ruined it
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A major problem in sending space probes to Jupiter is that the planet has no solid
surface on which to land, as there is a smooth transition between the planet's
atmosphere and its fluid interior. Any probes descending into the atmosphere are
eventually crushed by the immense pressures within Jupiter. (Source)
Plate Tectonics
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Plate Tectonics
Making Inferences About Plate Boundaries
As a group you will combine data of the seafloor, earthquakes, and volcanoes to
make connections between physical processes and plate boundaries.
Transfer the information from your three thematic maps to your blank plate
boundary map then fill in the group worksheet.
Plate Tectonics
Plate tectonics is all the physical
processes that create many of the Earth's
physical features such as the continents,
oceans, and mountain ranges.
The crust is made up of continental
and oceanic crust.
Continental crust is thick and
more buoyant than oceanic crust
Oceanic crust is thin and very
dense, so it sinks more easily into
the mantle.
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Plate Tectonics
The crust is divided into 12 major plates which are moved in
various directions by the mantle.
Plate Tectonics
Divergent Plate Boundaries
When plates collide, they can subduct- when one plate moves under
another
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Plate Tectonics
Divergent Boundaries
Spreading: as plates move apart new material is erupted to fill the gap, sometimes
causing volcanic activity.
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Plate Tectonics
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Convergent Boundaries
Plates move towards each other, oftentimes colliding
Convergent Boundaries
There are three styles of convergent plate boundaries
Continent-continent collision
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Convergent Boundaries
Continent-oceanic crust collision
Convergent Boundaries
Ocean-ocean collision
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Plate Tectonics
Transform Boundaries
Transform boundaries slide
past each other, sometimes
smoothly, and other times
more pressure will cause big
slips that result in earthquakes.
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Hydrosphere
The hydrosphere contains all the solid, liquid, and gaseous water of the planet. It
ranges from 10 to 20 kilometers in thickness. The hydrosphere extends from
Earth's surface downward several kilometers into the lithosphere and upward
about 12 kilometers into the atmosphere.
Hydrosphere
Ninety-seven percent of Earth's water is salty. The salty water collects in
deep valleys along Earth's surface. These large collections of salty water are
referred to as oceans. Water near the poles is very cold, while water near the
equator is very warm. The differences in temperature cause water to change
physical states. Extremely low temperatures like those found at the poles cause
water to freeze into a solid such as a polar icecap, a glacier, or an iceberg.
Extremely high temperatures like those found at the equator cause water to
evaporate into a gas.
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Preservation
Predator-Prey Relations
Assuming the roles of nearly eradicated predators, such as wolves, to help prevent species
like deer from depleting food resources
Pollution Control
Environmental Awareness
Removal of Invasive Species
Agriculture
Deforestation
Soil degradation
Soils hold the majority of the world's biodiversity, and healthy soils are essential for food production and an
adequate water supply
Industry
Introducing toxic compounds into food webs
Poluutants
Urban Development
Alters habitats
Introducing foreign species to new environments
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Weather
Clouds are made of drops of water or ice. Clouds form when water vapor in the air
becomes so cold it turns into water. Some of the drops of water group together to
make larger drops of water. Other drops of water become so cold that they turn to
ice. When the water drops or ice bits become heavy enough, they fall from the sky
as rain or snow depending on the temperature.
Types of Weather
Rainy
Snowy
Sunny
Windy
Cloudy
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Erosion
Once the rock has been weakened and broken up by weathering, it is ready
for erosion.
Rock and sediment are picked up and moved to another place by ice, water,
wind, or gravity. These forces carry the rocks and soil from the places where
they were weathered.
Ex: In a span of about 5 million years, the Colorado River cut deeper and deeper into the land.
It eventually formed the Grand Canyon, which is more than 1,600 meters (1 mile) deep and as
much as 29 kilometers (18 miles) wide in some places.
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