SLOVENSKA AKADEMIJA ZNANOSTI IN UMETNOSTI

Razred za zgodovinske in drubene vede

ZNANSTVENORAZISKOVALNI CENTER SAZU

Intitut za arheologijo

ARHEOLOKI
VESTNIK
68
2017

LJUBLJANA
2017
ARHEOLOKI VESTNIK ISSN 0570-8966

Izdala in zaloila / Published by Slovenska akademija znanosti in umetnosti,

Znanstvenoraziskovalni center SAZU, Intitut za arheologijo,
Zaloba ZRC

Glavna urednica / Editor-in-chief Snea Tecco Hvala

Izvrna urednica / Managing editor Andreja Dolenc Vii

Uredniki odbor / Editorial board Janez Dular, Jana Horvat, Zvezdana Modrijan, Marjeta ael
Kos, Benjamin tular, Biba Teran, Borut Tokan, Peter Turk,
Marko Dizdar, Paul Gleirscher, Claudio Zaccaria

Lektorji / Language editors Terry T. Jackson, pela Kri, Barbara Smith Demo

Raunalnika grafika /
Computer graphics Mateja Belak, Tamara Koroec, Lucija Lavreni, Drago Valoh

Naslov urednitva / Address Arheoloki vestnik, Znanstvenoraziskovalni center SAZU,

Intitut za arheologijo, Novi trg 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenija

E-naslov / E-mail tecco@zrc-sazu.si, andreja.dolenc@zrc-sazu.si

Spletni naslov / Website http://av.zrc-sazu.si

Tisk / Printed by Cicero Begunje d.o.o

Naklada / Printrun 600 izvodov / copies

2017, ZRC SAZU, Intitut za arheologijo, Zaloba ZRC

Vse pravice pridrane. Noben del te knjige ne sme biti reproduciran, shranjen ali prepisan v kateri
koli obliki oz. na kateri koli nain, bodisi elektronsko, mehansko, s fotokopiranjem, snemanjem ali
kako drugae, brez predhodnega pisnega dovoljenja lastnikov avtorskih pravic.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or trans-
mitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise,
without the prior permission of the publisher.
 Vsebina

Prazgodovinske dobe

Anton VELUEK: Kronoloki odnos med lasinjsko kulturo in kulturo keramike z brazdastim vrezom
v severovzhodni Sloveniji ............................................................................................................................9

Primo PAVLIN, Uro BAVEC: Poznobronastodobno grobie adovinek pri Krkem ........................... 85

Mateja KOVA, Borut TOKAN: Segani loveki in ivalski ostanki s poznobronastodobnega

grobia adovinek pri Krkem .......................................................................................................... 105

Brina KVOR JERNEJI: Starejeeleznodobne gomile na Gorenjskem. gani grobovi pri Vili Prah
in na Koroki cesti v Kranju (z dodatkom Boruta TOKANA: ivalski ostanki) ............................ 117

Lucija GRAHEK: Nova odkritja grobov iz stareje in mlaje elezne dobe na Viru pri Stini ............. 197

Rimska doba

Vesna TRATNIK, Tina ERJAL: Ajdovina (Castra) poselitev zunaj obzidja ................................. 245

Peter KOS: Ajdovina (Castra) novne najdbe iz naselbinskih plasti zunaj obzidja. Pomen novcev
za interpretacijo najdia ................................................................................................................... 295

Katarina MID: Selena in Endimion na marmornem reliefu iz Celeje ................................................. 335

Florin-Gheorghe FODOREAN: Praetorium in cesta EmonaSisciaSirmiumTauruno v antinih

geografskih in epigrafskih virih (Povzetek) ...........................................................................................348

Srednji vek

Daa PAVLOVI: Zaetki zgodnjeslovanske poselitve Prekmurja ......................................................... 349

Andrej GASPARI: Reka Ljubljanica in fenomen vodnih najdb srednjevekih meev iz obdobja od
11. do 15. stoletja .............................................................................................................................. 387
 Epigrafika

Marjeta AEL KOS: Predrimsko prebivalstvo Emone v lui rimskih napisov ..................................... 451

Herbert GRASSL: Pomen Navporta v lui novih napisov na svinenih ploicah (Povzetek) ............... 469

Sneana FERJANI, Gligor SAMARDI: Nove epigrafske najdbe iz Rogatice v rimski Dalmaciji
(Povzetek) ...............................................................................................................................................477

Paleookolje

Maja ANDRI, Toma VERBI, Johanna LOMAX, Tjaa TOLAR: lovekov vpliv na okolje v
prazgodovini: primer z obreja Ljubljanice pri pici (Ljubljana) ...................................................... 479

Ocene in prikazi

Botjan Odar: Potoka zijavka, 2015 (Matija TURK) .............................................................................499

Gerda von Blow (ur.): Kontaktzone Balkan. Beitrge des internationalen Kolloquiums Die Donau-
Balkan-Region als Kontaktzone zwischen Ost-West und Nord-Sd vom 16.18. Mai 2012 in
Frankfurt a. M., 2015 (Anja RAGOLI) .............................................................................................501
 Contents

Prehistory

Anton VELUEK: The chronological relationship between the Lasinja culture and the Furchenstich
pottery culture in north-eastern Slovenia (Translation) ........................................................................59

Primo PAVLIN, Uro BAVEC: The Late Bronze Age cemetery of adovinek near Krko, Slovenia
(Translation) .............................................................................................................................................95

Mateja KOVA, Borut TOKAN: Burnt human and animal remains from the Late Bronze Age
cemetery of adovinek near Krko, Slovenia (Summary).....................................................................115

Brina KVOR JERNEJI: Early Iron Age tumuli in the Gorenjska region. Cremation burials at Vila
Prah and Koroka cesta in Kranj (Translation) ....................................................................................164

Lucija GRAHEK: Newly discovered graves from the Early and Late Iron Age at Vir pri Stini
(Translation) ...........................................................................................................................................221

Roman Period

Vesna TRATNIK, Tina ERJAL: Ajdovina (Castra) the extra muros settlement (Summary) ....... 279

Peter KOS: Ajdovina (Castra) coin finds from the extra muros settlement. The significance of
the coins for the interpretation of the site (Translation) ......................................................................319

Katarina MID: Selene and Endymion on the marble relief from Celeia ................................................ 325

Florin-Gheorghe FODOREAN: Praetorium and the EmonaSisciaSirmiumTauruno road in

the ancient geographical and epigraphic sources ................................................................................ 337

Middle Ages

Daa PAVLOVI: Beginnings of the Early Slavic settlement in the Prekmurje region, Slovenia
(Translation) ...........................................................................................................................................372

Andrej GASPARI: The River Ljubljanica and the phenomenon of medieval swords from the 11th
to the 15th century in watery contexts (Summary) ...............................................................................431
 Epigraphy

Marjeta AEL KOS: Emona and its pre-Roman population: epigraphic evidence ................................ 439

Herbert GRASSL: Die Rolle von Nauportus (Vrhnika) im Lichte neuer Textfunde .............................. 459

Sneana FERJANI, Gligor SAMARDI: New epigraphic finds from Rogatica in Roman
Dalmatia ............................................................................................................................................. 471

Palaeoenvironment

Maja ANDRI, Toma VERBI, Johanna LOMAX, Tjaa TOLAR: Embankment of the Ljubljanica
River at pica (Ljubljana) and human impact on the environment in late prehistory (Translation) ... 493

Book reviews

Botjan Odar: Potoka zijavka, 2015 (Matija TURK) .............................................................................499

Gerda von Blow (ed.): Kontaktzone Balkan. Beitrge des internationalen Kolloquiums Die Donau-
Balkan-Region als Kontaktzone zwischen Ost-West und Nord-Sd vom 16.18. Mai 2012 in
Frankfurt a. M., 2015 (Anja RAGOLI) .............................................................................................501
 List of abstracts

Anton VELUEK: The chronological relationship between the Lasinja culture and the Furchenstich
pottery culture in north-eastern Slovenia ................................................................................................9
Primo PAVLIN, Uro BAVEC: The Late Bronze Age cemetery of adovinek near Krko, Slovenia ..........85
Mateja KOVA, Borut TOKAN: Burnt human and animal remains from the Late Bronze Age
cemetery of adovinek near Krko, Slovenia ..................................................................................... 105
Brina KVOR JERNEJI: Early Iron Age tumuli in the Gorenjska region. Cremation burials at
Vila Prah and Koroka cesta in Kranj ............................................................................................... 117
Lucija GRAHEK: Newly discovered graves from the Early and Late Iron Age at Vir pri Stini ........... 197
Vesna TRATNIK, Tina ERJAL: Ajdovina (Castra) the extra muros settlement .......................... 245
Peter KOS: Ajdovina (Castra) coin finds from the extra muros settlement. The significance of
the coins for the interpretation of the site ......................................................................................... 295
Katarina MID: Selene and Endymion on the marble relief from Celeia .............................................. 325
Florin-Gheorghe FODOREAN: Praetorium and the EmonaSisciaSirmiumTauruno road in
the ancient geographical and epigraphic sources ............................................................................... 337
Daa PAVLOVI: Beginnings of the Early Slavic settlement in the Prekmurje region, Slovenia .......... 349
Andrej GASPARI: The River Ljubljanica and the phenomenon of medieval swords from the 11th to
the 15th century in watery contexts ................................................................................................... 387
Marjeta AEL KOS: Emona and its pre-Roman population: epigraphic evidence .............................. 439
Herbert GRASSL: The economic importance of Nauportus (Vrhnika) in the light of new epigraphic
texts .................................................................................................................................................... 459
Sneana FERJANI, Gligor SAMARDI: New epigraphic finds from Rogatica in Roman
Dalmatia ..................................................................................................................................................471
Maja ANDRI, Toma VERBI, Johanna LOMAX, Tjaa TOLAR: Embankment of the Ljubljanica
River at pica (Ljubljana) and human impact on the environment in late prehistory ..................... 479
Arheoloki vestnik 68, 2017, str. 471477 471

New epigraphic finds from Rogatica in Roman Dalmatia

Nove epigrafske najdbe iz Rogatice v rimski Dalmaciji

Sneana FERJANI, Gligor SAMARDI

Izvleek

V lanku so predstavljeni rimski spomeniki iz Rogatice in njene okolice (Republika Srbska, Bosna in Hercegovina),
odkriti v letih 2014 in 2016. Rimska naselbina, najverjetneje municipij, je bila povzdignjena na raven kolonije v 3. st. in
je leala na vzhodnem robu rimske province Dalmacije. Med novoodkritimi spomeniki avtorja opieta oltar, posveen
bogovoma Liberu in Liberi, oltar, posveen Najboljemu in najvejemu Jupitru, ter fragmentarno ohranjen kamen z
neopredeljivo moko upodobitvijo. Kulta Libera in Jupitra sta v epigrafskem materialu Rogatice e izpriana.
Kljune besede: rimska doba, provinca Dalmacija, Rogatica, rimski napisi, Liber, Libera, Jupiter

Abstract

The paper presents new Roman epigraphic finds from the city of Rogatica (Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Hercego-
vina) and its vicinity, discovered in 2014 and 2016. The Roman settlement, possibly a municipium promoted to the rank
of a colony during the 3rd century AD, was located in the eastern reaches of the province of Dalmatia. New finds include
two altars, one dedicated to Liber and Libera, and the other, partially preserved, to Iuppiter Optimus Maximus, as well
as one fragmentary monument with a relief depicting an unidentifiable male figure. The cults of Liber and Jupiter are
already attested in the epigraphic material from Rogatica.
Keywords: Roman period, Roman Dalmatia, Rogatica, epigraphic monuments, Liber, Libera, Jupiter

Two new Latin inscriptions and one fragmentary
monument from the province of Dalmatia have
been brought to our attention recently.1* They were
discovered in modern Rogatica and its vicinity, in
the Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Hercegovina
(Fig. 1). Archaeological excavations, conducted
1* The authors owe gratitude to Neboja Goli, director
of the Tourist Organization of the municipality of Rogatica,
and eljko Petrovi, director of the Firefighting Unit of the
municipality of Rogatica, for providing the unpublished
since the beginning of the 20th century, have re-
vealed considerable traces of a Roman settlement
in Rogatica, covering the area between the hill
Ljuna and the river Rakitnica (remains of walls,
bricks, various architectural elements, coins), as
well as several villae rusticae in its vicinity, on the
Rogatica field (the villages of Pljeevica, Potpe
and Drijenke).2 The name and status of the set-
tlement have been frequently discussed among
2 Patsch 1909, 181; Bojanovski 1988, 171, 175; ALBiH

Roman finds from Rogatica and its vicinity. III 17. 288 (V. Pakvalin).
472 Sneana FERJANI, Gligor SAMARDI
Fig. 1: Map of northeastern Dalmatia.
Sl. 1: Severovzhodni del province Dalmacije.
modern scholars. According to some, Rogatica
was a Flavian municipium.3 Others, starting with
C. Patsch,4 believed that it was a colony and that
its abbreviated name Ris( ) and status were re-
corded on the tombstone of the decurio T. Claudius
Maximus.5 Found in the modern city, it is dated
to the 3rd century AD.6 However, Ris( ) might not
refer to Rogatica at all, but to Risinium, in the
bay of Boka Kotorska, in the south of Dalmatia.
The reading of the abbreviation as Ris(inii) was
suggested by Mommsen and accepted by other
scholars.7 Reflecting on the possibility that Ris( )
actually referred to Roman Rogatica, one might
presume that the settlement enjoyed the status of
a municipium at first and that it was elevated to
the rank of a colony at some point during the 3rd
century AD.8 A similar development is recorded,
for instance, in the case of the neighbouring
Domavia. The municipium was given the status of
a colony in the time between the reigns of Severus
Alexander (222235 AD) and Trebonianus Gallus
(251253 AD).9
3 Alfldy 1965, 154; Wilkes 1969, 281; Mrozewicz
2015, 158.
4 Patsch 1909, 182183. Cf. A. et J. ael, ILJug (Situla
25), p. 87; Bojanovski 1988, 172. Loma 2010, 287288, n.
43 has suggested that the area of Rogatica belonged to
the territory of the municipium Malvense, which she had
identified with Skelani on the Drina.
5 CIL III 2766b + pp. 1035, 2256 = 8369 = 12748 =
ILJug 1571 = HD033828.
6 Bojanovski 1967, 146 ad no. 1.
7 Mommsen, CIL III 2766b; Alfldy 1965, 142; Wilkes
1969, 255; Loma 2010, 297; Grbi 2014, 142, n. 387.
8 Wilkes 1981, 273 stated that the city at Rogatica was
perhaps a municipium called Ris( ). Cf. Mrozewicz 2015, 159.
9 Alfldy 1965, 155; Wilkes 1969, 279280.
Fig. 2: The altar of Liber and Libera, inscription field.
Sl. 2: Rogatica. Napisno polje oltarja, posveenega Liberu
in Liberi.
New finds
1. Votive altar of limestone, with the base and
capital doubly moulded on three sides (front, left,
and right). The capital is decorated with simple
acroteria and a disc between them on the front
side and with simple acroteria on the left side. The
acroteria on its right side, as well as the moulding
on the right side of the base, are chipped off. The
back side of the altar is roughly dressed. Dimen-
sions: 78 40 30 cm. Inscription field: 35 30
cm. Letter height: 5 cm. The altar was found in
March 2016, during regulation works in the newly
excavated bed of the river Rakitnica in the Rogatica
field, at the depth of 2 metres. The site is located
approximately 50 metres east of the present river
bank. The inscription, consisting of four lines,
reads as follows (Fig. 2; 3):
Lib(ero) L(iberae) | Tib(erius) Cl(audius) An|tonius|
v(otum) l(ibens) s(olvit).
Translation: To Liber and Libera. Tiberius
Claudius Antonius fulfilled his vow willingly.
Ligatures: IB and AN in line 2, NI in line 3.
Triangular punctuation marks in lines 1, 2, and 4.
The altar was dedicated to Liber, the ancient Italian
god of fertility of both nature and men, and his
 New epigraphic finds from Rogatica in Roman Dalmatia
Fig. 3: The altar of Liber and Libera, found in Rogatica.
Sl. 3: Rogatica. Oltar, posveen Liberu in Liberi.
feminine companion Libera.10 Radical abbreviation
of the goddess name to L(ibera) is not frequent in
the epigraphic evidence of the Roman Empire. It
is attested in Dacia11 and Lusitania.12 Liber and
Libera were particularly venerated in the Balkan
and Danubian provinces of the Roman Empire
(Macedonia, Moesia, Dacia, Dalmatia, Pannonia, and
Noricum). It is usually believed that they represent
old autochthonous deities of fertility and vegetation,
assimilated to the Roman ones and worshipped
under Latin names.13 Epigraphic evidence testifies
10 On Liber in general see: Bruhl 1953; Radke 1965,
175183; Matijai, Tassaux 2000, 6676.
11 Micia: IDR III/3, 103 = HD045094.
12 Norba: HEp 1994, 223 along with the radically
abbreviated name of Liber to L(iber). For a different reading
see: HEp 1990, 206.
13 Wissowa 1902, 248; Schur 1926, 7374; Bodor 1963,
211239; Dobruna-Salihu 2005, 223232; Pilipovi 2005,
473
that the cult of Liber was well established in Dal-
matia, since the end of the republican period. L.
Annaeus Epicadus, quaestor of the conventus civium
Romanorum at Narona at the time of the civil war
between Caesar and Pompey, built a temple to Liber
Pater in the city.14 The altar erected by Tib. Claudius
Antonius is not the first attestation of Libers cult
in Rogatica. The site has already yielded a dedica-
tion to the god, styled Liber Bacchus, because of his
connection with wine, grapevines, and viticulture
in general.15 The altar was set up by a certain P.
Aelius Clemens, veteran of an unnamed regiment.
It contains two inscriptions, one dedicated to Liber
Bacchus, the other to Iuppiter Optimus Maximus.16
P. Aelius Clemens should be identified with the
homonymous duovir of the Roman city at Rogatica,
who dedicated an altar to Jupiter.17 The monument
is dated to the middle of the 2nd century AD (A.
and J. ael) or to the end of the 2nd century AD/
first half of the 3rd century AD (I. Bojanovski, based
on the palaeographic features).18 Clemens family
played a prominent role in the administration of the
Roman town at Rogatica. His homonymous son P.
Aelius Clemens Iunior, also a veteran discharged
from an unnamed unit held the high magistracies
of duovir and quinquennalis.19
The altar of Liber and Libera was dedicated by a
certain Tib. Claudius Antonius, whose origin and
status remain undetermined. The imperial name
Claudius, very frequent in all parts of the Roman
Empire, especially in Dalmatia and the Danubian
provinces,20 is already attested in Rogatica, on the
aforementioned epitaph of the decurion T. Claudius
8790; Pilipovi 2011, 6366. For a different view on the
assimilation see: Imamovi 1977, 161162.
14 CIL III 1784 = ILLRP 206 = ILS 3354 = HD053382.
On the dating of Epicadus quaestorship see: Wilkes 1969,
247. Alfldy 1965, 134 dates the inscriptions mentioning
the officials of the conventus at Narona (CIL III 1820 =
8423, 1784) to the middle of the first century BC. On the
cult of Liber in Dalmatia in general see: Matijai, Tassaux
2000, 69 and Tab. I: 9396.
15 On the assimilation of Liber and Bacchus see:
De Cazanove 1988, 245265; Isler-Kernyi 2010, 2744;
Matijai, Tassaux 2000, 6971; DNP VII 136137, s. v.
Liber, Liberalia.
16 CIL III 8367 + pp. 2127, 2256 = ILJug 1567 =
Imamovi 1977, 398, no. 155 + 376, no. 118 = HD023076.
17 CIL III 8366 + p. 2127 = ILJug 1566 = Imamovi
1977, 374, no. 117 = HD033825.
18 A. and J. ael, ILJug 1566; Bojanovski 1967, 146, no. 2.
19 ILJug 624 = AE 1976, 533 = Imamovi 1977: 458,
no. 243 = HD012315.
20 Alfldy 1969: 37. For the frequency in the western
part of the Roman Empire see: OPEL II 6062.
474 Sneana FERJANI, Gligor SAMARDI

Maximus.21 The Latin cognomen Antonius is found

in northern Italy, western and eastern provinces
(where it was particularly widespread).22 In Dal-
matia, it is recorded after ca. 160 AD, in the area
of Salona and in the interior of the province, in
the Municipium S.23

2. Fragment of a votive altar of limestone, with a

doubly moulded capital on three sides (front, left,
and right). The back side of the altar is roughly
dressed. The lower part and the left side of the
monument are broken, as is the upper part of the
capital. Traces of a circular decoration (perhaps a
patera ?) are visible on the front side of the capital.
Dimensions: 55 42 42 cm. Inscription field: 40
32 cm. Letter height: 5 cm. The letters are shallow
and worn. The fragment was found in April 2014,
in the village of Pljeevica, on the site of Crkvina, 2
km to the north of Rogatica, during the widening of
the local road. Judging by the architectural remains
on the site, i.e. the foundations of a building, a villa
rustica might have been located at Crkvina.24 The
altar is kept in the office of the Tourist Organization Fig. 4: The altar of Jupiter, found in Pljeevica.
of Rogatica. The fragmentary inscription, consist- Sl. 4: Pljeevica. Oltar, posveen Jupitru.
ing of three lines (lines 2 and 3 are only partially
preserved), runs as follows (Fig. 4):
duovir and quinquennalis remains uncertain.
I(ovi) O(ptimo) M(aximo) | [.] Aur(elius) | His cognomen was Albanus and his nomen gentile,
[ 3]us | [- - -. at the beginning of the second line, was read as
Fl(avius)28 or [A]el(ius).29 The first preserved letter
Translation: To Jupiter, Best and Greatest. [-] in line 2 seems to be an E and consequently one
Aurelius [-]us ... should accept the latter suggestion.30 The altar that
he had dedicated to Jupiter is dated to the end of
The cult of Jupiter Capitolinus, supreme de- the 2nd century AD or to the 3rd century AD.31
ity of the Roman pantheon,25 is already attested The cognomen of M. Ulpius, the dedicator of the
in Rogatica. The god is called Iuppiter Optimus fourth inscription, is restored by modern scholars
Maximus on four inscriptions, while the fifth as [Apo]llo[dorus].32 It appears, however, that one
monument records the comparatively less frequent should take into account other options as well:
epithet Capitolinus.26 Three inscriptions were set Apollonianus, Apollonides or Apollonius.33 Judging
up by the municipal magistrates. We have already by its palaeographic features, the altar was erected
mentioned those dedicated by the duovir P. Aelius
Clemens.27 The name of the other magistrate
28 Patsch 1893, 89, no. 3; Patsch 1909, 183, no. 2;
21 CIL III 2766b + p. 1035 = 8369 = 12748 + p. 2256 Hirschfeld, CIL III 12747; Alfldy 1965, 161, n. 31; Imamovi
= ILJug 1571 = HD033828. 1977, 374, no. 115; HD052416.
22 Kajanto 1965, 140; Alfldy 1969, 153; OPEL I 131. 29 Bojanovski 1967, 148, no. 3; Mesihovi 2009, 61,
23 Alfldy 1969, 153154. no. 5. Hoernes 1880, 46 has read the name as [Ae?]l(ius)
24 Sergejevski 1936, 13; Mesihovi 2009, 64. Alb(inus).
25 On Jupiter see: Wissowa 1902, 100113; Radke 30 Photograph in Bojanovski 1967, 147, Pl. 1, Fig. 4.

1965, 155160. 31 Bojanovski 1967, 148 ad no. 3.

26 On the epithets and their frequency see: Diz. epigr. 32 Patsch 1912, 160; Bojanovski 1967, 152, no. 6;

IV 240 sqq. Imamovi 1977, 374, no. 116; A. et J. ael, ILJug 1569;
27 CIL III 8366 + p. 2127 = ILJug 1566; CIL III 8367 Mesihovi 2009, 58, no. 2.
+ p. 2127, 2256 = ILJug 1567 = HD033825. 33 OPEL I 145146.
 New epigraphic finds from Rogatica in Roman Dalmatia 475

during the 2nd century AD.34 The fifth monument

pertaining to the cult of Jupiter in Rogatica is the
altar dedicated by M. Ulpius Marcianus. Found
in Rogatica in 2012, it was transferred to the vil-
lage of Kondilo in the municipality of Visoko
in 2014. 35 Jupiter bears the epithet Capitolinus,
previously attested in Dalmatia on inscriptions
from the territories of Domavia36 and Delminium,
respectively. 37 The dedicator is presumably the
same person as M. Ulpius Marcianus, who erected
the fragmentary altar of Juno Regina, found in the
village of ivaljevii, to the northeast of Rogatica.38
The altar from Pljeevica should be dated to
the second half of the 2nd century AD or to the Fig. 5: Fragmentary monument, found in Sjeversko.
3rd century AD. The name Aurelius points to the Sl. 5: Sjeversko. Fragmentiran spomenik.
reign of Marcus Aurelius as the terminus post quem.
The cognomen of the dedicator is impossible to
restore. Judging by the length of the second line,
it contained approximately three letters before the
preserved ending of VS. Sreten Mitrovi, in the village of Sjeversko, district
of Borika, approximately 20 km to the northeast
3. Semicircular upper part of a limestone monu- of Rogatica. Its current location is the office of
ment with a naked (?) and bearded (?) male figure the Tourist Organization of Rogatica. The relief is
in relief. Dimensions: 52 72 15 cm. The frag- extremely worn, and the male figure could not be
ment was found in June 2014 on the property of identified. Perhaps it depicted an autochthonous
deity (Fig. 5).
34 Bojanovski 1967, 152 ad no. 6.
35 Silajdi, Mesihovi 2014, 121. Altars dedicated to Liber and Libera and Jupiter,
36 ILJug 1555 = Imamovi 1977, 368, no. 104 = HD033815
respectively, as well as the fragmentary monument
found at the village of Sikiri.
37 ILJug 167 = Imamovi 1977, 360, no. 90 = HD019702
with the depiction of a male figure, represent a
found at the village of Mokronoge.
small but welcome addition to the epigraphic and
38 CIL III 14616 = Imamovi 1977, 384385, no. 131 archaeological material from the Roman settle-
= HD052569. ment at Rogatica.

Abbreviations (Situla 5), Ljubljana 1963; iidem, Inscriptiones Latinae

AE = LAnne pigraphique, Paris.
ALBiH = Arheoloki leksikon Bosne i Hercegovine IIII,
Sarajevo 1988.
CIL = Corpus inscriptionum Latinarum.
Diz. epigr. = E. De Ruggiero, Dizionario epigrafico di
antichit romane, Roma 1886-.
DNP = Der neue Pauly. Enzyklopdie der Antike, Stuttgart,
Weimar, 1996-.
HD = EDH = Epigraphische Datenbank Heidelberg (Service
provider: Heidelberger Akademie der Wissenschaften)
[http://edh-www.adw.uni-heidelberg.de/home?&lang=de].
HEp = Hispania Epigraphica, Madrid.
IDR = Inscriptiones Daciae Romanae IIII, Bucureti
19751999.
ILJug = A. et J. ael, Inscriptiones Latinae quae in Iugoslavia
inter annos MCMXL et MCMLX repertae et editae sunt
quae in Iugoslavia inter annos MCMLX et MCMLXX
repertae et editae sunt (Situla 19), Ljubljana 1978; iidem,
Inscriptiones Latinae quae in Iugoslavia inter annos
MCMII et MCMXL repertae et editae sunt (Situla 25),
Ljubljana 1986.
ILLRP = A. Degrassi, Inscriptiones Latinae liberae rei pu-
blicae III, Firenze 1957-1963.
ILS = H. Dessau, Inscriptiones Latinae selectae IIII, Berlin
18921916.
OPEL = B. Lrincz, Onomasticon provinciarum Europae
Latinarum, Vol. I: Aba Bysanus, Budapest 1994; Vol.
II: Cabalicius Ixus, Wien 1999; Vol. III: Labareus Py-
thea, Wien 2000; Vol. IV: Quadratia Zures, Wien 2002.
RE = Pauly-Wissowa-Kroll-Mittelhaus-Ziegler, Realency-
clopdie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft.
476 Sneana FERJANI, Gligor SAMARDI
ALFLDY, G. 1965, Bevlkerung und Gesellschaft der
rmischen Provinz Dalmatien. Budapest.
ALFLDY, G. 1969, Die Personennamen in der rmischen
Provinz Dalmatia. Beitrge zur Namenforschung Bh.
4, Heidelberg.
BODOR, A. 1963, Der Liber und Libera-Kult. Ein Beitrag
zur Fortdauer der bodenstndigen Bevlkerung im
rmerzeitlichen Dazien. Dacia 7, 211239.
BOJANOVSKI, I. 1967, Rimski kameni spomenici iz
Rogatice. Nae starine. Godinjak Zavoda za zatitu
spomenika kulture S. R. Bosne i Hercegovine / Annuaire
de lInstitut pour la protection des monuments historiques
de la S. P. de Bosnie et Hercegovina 11, 143164.
BOJANOVSKI, I. 1988, Bosna i Hercegovina u antiko
doba. Djela, knjiga LXVI. Centar za balkanoloka
ispitivanja, knjiga 6, Sarajevo.
BRUHL, A. 1953, Liber Pater. Origine et expansion du culte
dionisiaque Rome et dans le monde romain. Paris.
DE CAZANOVE, O. 1988, Jupiter, Liber et le vin latin.
Revue de lhistoire des religions 205, 245265.
DOBRUNA-SALIHU, E. 2005, tovanje Silvana i Dijane,
Libera i Libere u Dardaniji. Histria Antiqua 13, 223232.
GRBI, D. 2014, Plemenske zajednice u Iliriku. Predurbane
administrativne strukture u rimskim provincijama izmeu
Jadrana i Dunava (IIII vek) / Tribal Communities in
Illyricum. Pre-Urban Administrative Structures in the
Roman Provinces between the Adriatic and the Danube
(First-Third Centuries). Beograd.
HOERNES, M. 1880, Rmische Alterthmer in Bosien
und der Hercegovina. Archaeologisch-epigraphische
Mittheilungen aus Oesterreich 4, 1880, 3247.
IMAMOVI, E. 1977, Antiki kultni i votivni spomenici na
podruju Bosne i Hercegovine. Sarajevo.
ISLER-KERNYI, C. 2010, Il culto di Liber-Bacco nel mon-
do romano / The cult of Liber-Bacchus in the Roman
world. In: E. La Rocca (ed.), Il sorriso di Dioniso /
The smile of Dionysus, 2744, Torino.
KAJANTO, I. 1965, The Latin Cognomina. Commenta-
tiones Humanarum Litterarum 36/2, Helsinki.
LOMA, S. 2010, Klaudije Gal i Severovi novi senatori.
Beograd.
MATIJAI, R., F. TASSAUX 2000, Liber et Silvanus.
In: C. Delplace, F. Tassaux (eds.), Les cultes polythistes
dans lAdriatique romaine, Ausonius tudes 4, 65117,
Bordeaux.
MESIHOVI, S. 2009, Cives coloniae Ris... ? Likovi s
antikih epigrafskih spomenika rogatiko-romanijskog
podruja. Godinjak Centra za balkanoloka ispitivanja
38, 5574.
MROZEWICZ, L. 2015, Flavische Stdtegrndungen auf
dem Balkan. In: G. von Blow (ed.), Kontaktzone
Balkan. Beitrge des internationalen Kolloquiums Die
Donau-Balkan-Region als Kontaktzone zwischen Ost-
West und Nord-Sd vom 16.18. Mai 2012 in Frankfurt
a. M., Kolloquien zur Vor- und Frhgeschichte 20,
151163, Bonn.
PATSCH, C. 1893, Bericht ber eine Reise in Bosnien.
Archaeologisch-epigraphische Mittheilungen aus Oe-
sterreich 16, 7593.
PATSCH, C. 1909, Archologisch-epigraphische Unter-
suchungen zur Geschichte der rmischen Provinz
Dalmatien VII. Wissenschaftliche Mitteilungen aus
Bosnien und der Herzegowina 11, 104183.
PATSCH, C. 1912, Archologisch-epigraphische Unter-
suchungen zur Geschichte der rmischen Provinz
Dalmatien VIII. Wissenschaftliche Mitteilungen aus
Bosnien und der Herzegowina 12, 68167.
PILIPOVI, S. 2005, Votive Relief from Barovo (Scupi).
Contribution to Study of the Liber and Libera Cult in
Upper Moesia. Starinar 55, 8195.
PILIPOVI, S. 2011, Kult Bahusa na centralnom Balkanu,
IIV vek / The Cult of Bacchus in the Central Balkans
from the First to the Fourth Century. Beograd.
RADKE, G. 1965, Die Gtter Altitaliens. Mnster.
SCHUR, W. 1926, Liber Pater. In: RE XIII, 6876.
SERGEJEVSKI, D. 1936, Novi kameni spomenici iz Usti-
koline i Rogatice. Glasnik Zemaljskog muzeja u Bosni
i Hercegovini 48, 416.
SILAJDI T., S. MESIHOVI 2014, Votivna ara Jupitera
Kapitolinskog. Godinjak Centra za balkanoloka
ispitivanja 43, 121126.
WILKES, J. J. 1969, Dalmatia. London.
WILKES, J. J. 1981, Anna et Jaro ael, Inscriptiones Latinae
quae in Iugoslavia inter annos MCMLX et MCMLXX
repertae et editae sunt. Acc. nonnullae ad annos MCMXL
MCMLX pertinentes (praecipue in ephemeride Vjesnik
za arheologiju i historiju dalmatinsku editae), Ljubljana:
Narodni muzej 1978. 242 S. 1 Kte. (Situla, Diss. Musei
Nat. Labacensis. 19.). Gnomon 53, 570577.
WISSOWA, G. 1902, Religion und Kultus der Rmer.
Mnchen.

Nove epigrafske najdbe iz Rogatice v rimski Dalmaciji
Povzetek
Prva arheoloka izkopavanja v Rogatici in njeni
okolici (Republika Srbska, Bosna in Hercegovina)
segajo na zaetek 20. st. Odkrite so bile sledi po-
membne rimske naselbine ter tevilne vile rustike.
Na podlagi epigrafskih spomenikov se je naselbina
morda imenovala Ris( ), moderni raziskovalci pa ji
pripisujejo status municipija, preden je bilo mesto
v 3. st. povzdignjeno v kolonijo.
Med spomeniki iz Rogatice in njenega zaledja,
odkritimi v letih 2014 in 2016, so v lanku po-
drobneje opisani dva oltarja ter fragment tretjega
spomenika.
Prvi oltar, ki ga je postavil Tiberij Klavdij An-
tonij, je bil posveen bogovoma Liberu in Liberi.
Spomenik je bil odkrit v novoizkopanem renem
koritu med urejanjem struge Rakitnice. aenje
Libera, starega italskega boga plodnosti, je v Ra-
kitnici e izpriano. Publij Elij Klemens, veteran
nedololjive vojake enote in eden od dveh upanov
(duovir) rimskega mesta, je oltar posvetil boan-
stvu, ki so ga Rimljani zaradi njegove povezave z
vinogradnitvom poistovetili z Bakhom.
Drugi, fragmentarno ohranjen oltar je bil od-
krit na najdiu Crkvina v vasi Pljeevica, kjer
so arheologi izkopali vilo rustiko. Posveen je
Najboljemu in najvejemu Jupitru, igar kult je v
Rogatici in njenem zaledju prav tako e izprian.
Poudariti je treba, da so tri doslej odkrite oltarje,
posveene Najboljemu in najvejemu Jupitru, s tega
obmoja postavili mestni uradniki: eden od dveh
upanov (duovir) Publij Elij Klemens in eden od
477
dveh upanov (duovir) ter eden od dveh upanov
z oblastjo cenzorja (quinquennalis; odgovoren za
popis prebivalstva na vsakih pet let) Elij Alban.
Kot dedikant oltarja iz Pljeevice se omenja mo-
ki z rodovnim imenom Avrelij brez ohranjenega
kognomna. Zaradi tega se spomenik datira v as
vladavine Marka Avrelija ali kmalu zatem.
Fragment tretjega spomenika, ki se zgoraj pol-
krono zakljuuje, ni mogoe tipoloko opredeliti.
Najden je bil leta 2014 v vasi Sjeversko. Slabo
ohranjen relief gole (?) in bradate (?) moke osebe
verjetno predstavlja neko domae boanstvo.
Prevod: Anja Ragoli
Sneana Ferjani
Faculty of Philosophy,
University of Belgrade,
ika Ljubina 18-20
SR-11000 Beograd
sferjanc@f.bg.ac.rs
Gligor Samardi
Faculty of Philosophy,
University of Kosovska Mitrovica,
Filipa Vinjia 66
SR-38220 Kosovska Mitrovica
gligorijas@yahoo.com