STC103 Spring 2016

SPSS Class Exercise: t-tests

Independent-Samples t-test (File: independent-samples t-test.sav)

Research Scenario: You want to investigate whether female students and male students perform
differently in their language test scores. You sampled 40 students (20 female + 20 male) in your
research. Three variables were set up in SPSS:
(1) Case ID
(2) Gender (Female= 1, Male= 2)
(3) Language test scores

Research Question: what is the relationship between student gender and language test scores?
Hypotheses
Research/alternative hypothesis (non-directional, two-tailed); H1: there is a
difference between means of female and male students language test scores.
Null hypothesis; H0: there is no difference between means of female and male students
language test scores.

Instruction:
1. Check variables to see if variable names, labels, values, and levels of measurement are
correctly set up.

2. Run independent-samples t-test for your hypotheses

Steps for independent-samples t-test: AnalyzeCompare MeansIndependent-samples T
testput DV (test scores) into Test Variable(s)Put IV (gender) into Grouping
Variableclick Define GroupsInput values for Group 1 (1) and Group 2 (2) confirm by
clicking OK

3. Understand the results from the outputs

4. Report and interpret your conclusion using APA (American Psychological Association)
style. (Fill in the blanks for the correct choice)

(If p-value is less than .05, aka result is statistically significant)

An independent-samples t-test was conducted to determine if there is a difference between
means of male and female studentslanguage test scores. Overall, the score for
______________ (M = ________, SD = _________) is significantly higher than score for
______________ (M=________, SD = _________), t( __ )= ______ , p = ______. There is a
significant difference between means of male and female students language test scores.

(If p-value is more than .05, aka result not statistically significant)
An independent-samples t-test was conducted to determine if there is a difference between
means of male and female students language test scores. No significant difference was found
between __________ and ___________ in terms of ___________, t(__)=_______, p=.____.

5. Save both your data (.sav) and output (.spv).

STC103 Spring 2016

Dependent-Samples t-test (File: dependent-samples t-test.sav)

Research Scenario: You want to investigate whether students perform differently in their exams
before and after tutoring. You sampled 20 students in your research. Three variables were set up
in SPSS:
(1) Case ID
(2) Exam1 score pre (before tutoring)
(3) Exam2 score post (after tutoring)

Research Question: Is there a difference between the means of students exam scores before
and after tutoring?
Hypotheses
Research/alternative hypothesis (non-directional, two-tailed); H1: there is a
difference between means of students exam scores before and after tutoring.
Null hypothesis; H0: there is no difference between means of students exam scores
before and after tutoring.

Instruction:
1. Check variables to see if variable names, labels, values, and levels of measurement are
correctly set up.

2. Run independent-samples t-test for your hypotheses

Steps for dependent-samples t-test: AnalyzeCompare MeansPaired-samples T testput
pre from the left column into Variable1 in the right columnPut post into
Variable2(optional: click the double-sided arrow in the right-hand side to swap Variable1
and Variable2 so the nominator will be post minus pre) confirm by clicking OK

3. Understand the results from the outputs

4. Report and interpret your conclusion using APA (American Psychological Association)
style. (Fill in the blanks for the correct choice)

(If p-value is less than .05, aka result is statistically significant)

A dependent-samples t-test was conducted to determine if there is a difference between
means of students exam scores before and after tutoring. Overall, the score for students
_______ tutoring (M = ________, SD = _________) is significantly higher than score for
students _________ tutoring (M=________, SD = _________), t( __ )= ______ , p = ______.
There is a significant difference between means of students exam scores before and after
tutoring.

(If p-value is more than .05, aka result not statistically significant)
A dependent-samples t-test was conducted to determine if there is difference between means
of students exam scores before and after tutoring. No significant difference was found in
students exam scores before and after tutoring, t(__)=_______, p=.____.

5. Save both your data (.sav) and output (.spv).

STC103 Spring 2016

One-Sample t-test (File: one-sample t-test.sav)

Research Scenario: You want to investigate whether the mean of UM students statistics test
scores is different from 80. You sampled 20 students in your research. Two variables were set up
in SPSS:
(1) Case ID
(2) Statistics test scores

Research Question: Is the mean of UM students statistics test scores significantly different
from 80?
Hypotheses
Research/alternative hypothesis (non-directional, two-tailed); H1: The mean of UM
students statistics test scores is significantly different from 80.
Null hypothesis; H0: The mean of UM students statistics test scores equals (not
significantly different from) 80.

Instruction:
6. Check variables to see if variable names, labels, values, and levels of measurement are
correctly set up.

7. Run independent-samples t-test for your hypotheses

Steps for one-sample t-test: AnalyzeCompare MeansOne-Sample T testput scores to
Test Variable(s)Enter 80 in Test Value confirm by clicking OK

8. Understand the results from the outputs

9. Report and interpret your conclusion using APA (American Psychological Association)
style. (Fill in the blanks for the correct choice)

(If p-value is less than .05, aka result is statistically significant)

A one-sample t-test was conducted to determine if the mean of UM students statistics test
scores is significantly different from 80. Overall, the score for UM students statistics test
scores (M = ________, SD = _________) is significantly different from 80, t( __ )= ______ ,
p = ______.

(If p-value is more than .05, aka result not statistically significant)
A one-sample t-test was conducted to determine if the mean of UM students statistics test
scores is significantly different from 80. There is no significant difference found between the
mean of UM students statistics test scores (M = ________, SD = _________) and the score
of 80, t( __ )= ______ , p = ______.

10. Save both your data (.sav) and output (.spv).