Englands claim to North America came from the voyages sponsored by King Henry VII and

undertaken by the Venetian,

1.
Francisco Pizarro.
2. John Cabot.
3. Christopher Columbus.
4. Hernn Corts.

Predestination was a central belief of Calvinism.

1.
True
2. False

Englands split with Rome was related to

1.
the defeat of the Spanish Armada.
2. Martin Luthers teachings.
3. Henry VIIIs desire for a divorce.
4. the rebellion of Pop.

The Aztecs centered their religious beliefs on the cosmic forces of nature and sacrificed human
captives.

1.
True
2. False

During the sixteenth century, the dominant European power in the New World was Portugal.

1.
True
2. False

A key to Spanish control over the Indians in the Southwest was the Catholic mission system.

1.
True
2. False

Until the end of his life, Christopher Columbus believed that he had discovered
 1.
the New World of America.
2. some islands off the coast of Africa.
3. a land that he named Columbia.
4. some territories near the mainland of Asia.

The Vikings explored and settled temporarily in North America, long before Columbus
discovered the Americas.

1.
True
2. False

Of all the leaders of the Protestant Reformation, John Calvin had the greatest influence on the
English colonies.

1.
True
2. False

Moorish Muslims defeated Spanish Christians at Granada in 1492.

1.
True
2. False

The primary factor causing the disappearance of Mayan culture was

1.
diseases brought from the south by the Toltecs.
2. wars fought with the Aztecs.
3. intermarriage with the Incas.
4. deforestation and increased warfare.

Under the encomienda system, the Spanish officers enjoyed great wealth.

1.
True
2. False

Cahokia was the largest settlement of the Mississippian people in North America.

1.
True
 2. False

The first European town in the present-day United States was New Orleans.

1.
True
2. False

New Spain included

1.
only the western United States up to Oregon.
2. from Mexico to Alaska to Florida and Tennessee.
3. all of North and South America.
4. only present-day New Mexico, Arizona, and California.

Europeans dreamed of a water route to East Asia because

1.
it was shorter than the best land route.
2. Muslims blocked the overland route.
3. the Crusades had improved their sailing skills.
4. all of the above

The Elizabethan Settlement referred to changing the Church of England from Catholicism to
an extreme puritanical form of worship.

1.
True
2. False

The Spanish Empire stretched into South America with Francisco Pizarros conquest of the
Mayan Empire.

1.
True
2. False

The earliest known exploration of Florida was led by

1.
Hernando de Soto.
2. Ponce de Len.
3. Pop.
 4. Juan de Oate.

The lost colony of the 1580s was

1.
sponsored by Sir Walter Raleigh.
2. destroyed by the French.
3. well financed and supported by the English government.
4. located in todays Florida

The most important part of the Great Biological Exchange was the transfer of

1.
horses to America.
2. peanuts and tobacco to Europe.
3. infectious diseases to America.
4. smallpox to Europe and Africa.

By 1500, natives of North America had

1.
developed a common language.
2. fought frequently with one another.
3. established similar communities.
4. none of the above

The first conquest of a major civilization in the Americas was by

1.
Christopher Columbus.
2. Hernn Corts.
3. Ferdinand Magellan.
4. Juan Ponce de Len.

The Spanish did not need to use black slaves in the West Indies, as they had a plentiful labor
supply in the local Indians.

1.
True
2. False

The Indians adoption of horses led to

 1.
widespread hunting of bison.
2. the formation of stable village life.
3. an exodus from the Great Plains.
4. all of the above

The Pueblo Indians

1.
rebelled against the French in 1680.
2. were crushed within two months.
3. were led by the charismatic Indian leader Pop.
4. drove the Spanish from Florida.

The English became active in exploration during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I.

1.
True
2. False

The English were able to colonize America partly as a result of

1.
the defeat of the Spanish Armada.
2. French naval supremacy.
3. a victory over the Spanish at Granada.
4. the Treaty of Tordesillas.

The first challenge to Spain in North America came from the French.

1.
True
2. False

In the exchange of plant life, Europeans gained from the New World

1.
corn and potatoes.
2. rice and wheat.
3. coffee and bananas.
4. all of the above

CHAPTER 1
 The Collision Of Cultures
Chapter Quiz Result
BOOKMARK YOUR RESULTS
NORTON GRADEBOOK

YOUR SCORE

Your Score: 93 % (28 out of 30)

Wrong Answer is highlighted in Red.
Correct Answer is highlighted in green.

1. By 1500, natives of North America had

o Topic: n/a
o a. developed a common language.
o b. fought frequently with one another.
o c. established similar communities.
o d. none of the above

o Feedback/Reference: Topic: Ethnic, Pre-Columbian Indians/Pre-1492

Page Reference(s): 6, 1315
Difficulty: medium
FQ: Pre-Columbian Civilizations

2. The primary factor causing the disappearance of Mayan culture was

o Topic: n/a
o a. diseases brought from the south by the Toltecs.
o b. wars fought with the Aztecs.
o c. intermarriage with the Incas.
o d. deforestation and increased warfare.

o Feedback/Reference: Topic: Ethnic, Pre-Columbian Indians, Mayas/Pre-1492

Page Reference(s): 8
Difficulty: easy
FQ: Pre-Columbian Civilizations

3. Europeans dreamed of a water route to East Asia because

o Topic: n/a
o a. it was shorter than the best land route.
o b. Muslims blocked the overland route.
o c. the Crusades had improved their sailing skills.
o d. all of the above

o Feedback/Reference: Topic: Geography, European Empires, Exploration/1400s

Page Reference(s): 1718
Difficulty: easy
FQ: European Discovery

4. Until the end of his life, Christopher Columbus believed that he had discovered
o Topic: n/a
o a. the New World of America.
o b. some islands off the coast of Africa.
o c. a land that he named Columbia.
o d. some territories near the mainland of Asia.

o Feedback/Reference: Topic: Geography, Spain, Columbus/1500s

Page Reference(s): 22
Difficulty: easy
FQ: European Discovery

5. The most important part of the Great Biological Exchange was the transfer of
o Topic: n/a
o a. horses to America.
o b. peanuts and tobacco to Europe.
o c. infectious diseases to America.
o d. smallpox to Europe and Africa.

o Feedback/Reference: Topic: Ethnic, Contact Period, Biological Exchange, Diseases/1400s1600s

Page Reference(s): 2325
Difficulty: easy
FQ: Ecological Exchange

6. In the exchange of plant life, Europeans gained from the New World
o Topic: n/a
o a. corn and potatoes.
o b. rice and wheat.
o c. coffee and bananas.
o d. all of the above

o Feedback/Reference: Topic: Biological Exchange, Contact Period, Crops /1400s1600s

Page Reference(s): 23
Difficulty: medium
FQ: Ecological Exchange
 7. The first conquest of a major civilization in the Americas was by
o Topic: n/a
o a. Christopher Columbus.
o b. Hernn Corts.
o c. Ferdinand Magellan.
o d. Juan Ponce de Len.

o Feedback/Reference: Topic: European Empires, Conquistadores, Spain/1500s

Page Reference(s): 28
Difficulty: easy
FQ: European Discovery

8. The earliest known exploration of Florida was led by

o Topic: n/a
o a. Hernando de Soto.
o b. Ponce de Len.
o c. Pop.
o d. Juan de Oate.

o Feedback/Reference: Topic: European Empires, Spain, Conquistadores, Exploration/1500s

Page Reference(s): 34
Difficulty: easy
FQ: European Discovery

9. New Spain included

o Topic: n/a
o a. only the western United States up to Oregon.
o b. from Mexico to Alaska to Florida and Tennessee.
o c. all of North and South America.
o d. only present-day New Mexico, Arizona, and California.

o Feedback/Reference: Topic: Ethnic, Geography, Spanish Expansion/1500s1600s

Page Reference(s): 33
Difficulty: easy
FQ: European Colonization

10. The Indians adoption of horses led to

o Topic: n/a
o a. widespread hunting of bison.
o b. the formation of stable village life.
o c. an exodus from the Great Plains.
o d. all of the above

o Feedback/Reference: Topic: Indians, Contact Period, Geography, Biology, Horses/1500s1700s

Page Reference(s): 3839
 Difficulty: easy
FQ: Ecological Exchange

11. Englands split with Rome was related to

o Topic: n/a
o a. the defeat of the Spanish Armada.
o b. Martin Luthers teachings.
o c. Henry VIIIs desire for a divorce.
o d. the rebellion of Pop.

o Feedback/Reference: Topic: European Empires, Religion, Protestantism, The Reformation/1500s

Page Reference(s): 42
Difficulty: easy
FQ: Protestant Reformation

12. The English were able to colonize America partly as a result of

o Topic: n/a
o a. the defeat of the Spanish Armada.
o b. French naval supremacy.
o c. a victory over the Spanish at Granada.
o d. the Treaty of Tordesillas.

o Feedback/Reference: Topic: European Empires, World Wars, English Colonization/1500s

Page Reference(s): 46
Difficulty: easy
FQ: European Colonization

13. Englands claim to North America came from the voyages sponsored by King Henry
VII and undertaken by the Venetian,
o Topic: n/a
o a. Francisco Pizarro.
o b. John Cabot.
o c. Christopher Columbus.
o d. Hernn Corts.

o Feedback/Reference: Topic: European Empires, Geography, English Expansion/1400s

Page Reference(s): 25
Difficulty: medium
FQ: European Colonization

14. The Pueblo Indians

o Topic: n/a
o a. rebelled against the French in 1680.
o b. were crushed within two months.
o c. were led by the charismatic Indian leader Pop.
o d. drove the Spanish from Florida.

o Feedback/Reference: Topic: Ethnic, Indians, Religion, Spanish Expansion/1600s

Page Reference(s): 38
Difficulty: medium
FQ: Spanish Legacy

15. The lost colony of the 1580s was

o Topic: n/a
o a. sponsored by Sir Walter Raleigh.
o b. destroyed by the French.
o c. well financed and supported by the English government.
o d. located in todays Florida.

o Feedback/Reference: Topic: European Empires, Wars, English Expansion and Colonization /1500s
Page Reference(s): 4849
Difficulty: easy
FQ: European Colonization

16. Cahokia was the largest settlement of the Mississippian people in North America.
o Topic: n/a
o a. True
o b. False

o Feedback/Reference: Topic: Ethnic, Pre-Contact Indians, North America /Pre-1492

Page Reference(s): 12
Difficulty: easy
FQ: Pre-Columbian civilizations

17. The Vikings explored and settled temporarily in North America, long before
Columbus discovered the Americas.
o Topic: n/a
o a. True
o b. False

o Feedback/Reference: Topic: Geography, European Peoples and Exploration, Vikings/Pre-1492

Page Reference(s): 1516
Difficulty: easy
FQ: European discovery

18. Moorish Muslims defeated Spanish Christians at Granada in 1492.

o Topic: n/a
o a. True
o b. False

o Feedback/Reference: Topic: European Empires, Spain, Religion/1400s

Page Reference(s): 1819
Difficulty: easy
FQ: European discovery

19. During the sixteenth century, the dominant European power in the New World was
Portugal.
o Topic: n/a
o a. True
o b. False

o Feedback/Reference: Topic: European Empires, Exploration, Spain/1500s

Page Reference(s): 19, 26
Difficulty: easy
FQ: European colonization

20. Under the encomienda system, the Spanish officers enjoyed great wealth.
o Topic: n/a
o a. True
o b. False

o Feedback/Reference: Topic: Spanish Empire, Colonization, Conquistadores, Economic, Labor/1500s

Page Reference(s): 31
Difficulty: easy
FQ: European colonization

21. The first European town in the present-day United States was New Orleans.
o Topic: n/a
o a. True
o b. False

o Feedback/Reference: Topic: Spanish Colonization, Urbanization/1500s

Page Reference(s): 36
Difficulty: easy
FQ: Spanish legacy

22. A key to Spanish control over the Indians in the Southwest was the Catholic mission
system.
o Topic: n/a
o a. True
o b. False
o Feedback/Reference: Topic: Spanish Colonization, Religion, Catholicism/1500s1700s
Page Reference(s): 37
Difficulty: easy
FQ: Spanish legacy

23. The Spanish did not need to use black slaves in the West Indies, as they had a
plentiful labor supply in the local Indians.
o Topic: n/a
o a. True
o b. False

o Feedback/Reference: Topic: Economic, Labor, Indians, African Americans/1500s

Page Reference(s): 31
Difficulty: easy
FQ: European colonization

24. The Spanish Empire stretched into South America with Francisco Pizarros conquest
of the Mayan Empire.
o Topic: n/a
o a. True
o b. False

o Feedback/Reference: Topic: Spanish Exploration, Conquistadores, Indian Empires/1500s1600s

Page Reference(s): 31
Difficulty: easy
FQ: European colonization

25. Of all the leaders of the Protestant Reformation, John Calvin had the greatest
influence on the English colonies.
o Topic: n/a
o a. True
o b. False

o Feedback/Reference: Topic: European Civilization, Religion, Protestantism/15001600s

Page Reference(s): 4142
Difficulty: easy
FQ: Protestant Reformation

26. Predestination was a central belief of Calvinism.

o Topic: n/a
o a. True
o b. False
o Feedback/Reference: Topic: European Civilization, Religion, Protestantism/14001500s
Page Reference(s): 4142
Difficulty: easy
FQ: Protestant Reformation

27. The English became active in exploration during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I.
o Topic: n/a
o a. True
o b. False

o Feedback/Reference: Topic: English Exploration, Chronology, Monarchy/1500s

Page Reference(s): 43
Difficulty: easy
FQ: European discovery

28. The Aztecs centered their religious beliefs on the cosmic forces of nature and
sacrificed human captives.
o Topic: n/a
o a. True
o b. False

o Feedback/Reference: Topic: Ethnic, Pre-Contact Indian empires, Aztecs, Religion/1400s1500s

Page Reference(s): 2930
Difficulty: easy
FQ: Pre-Columbian civilizations

29. The Elizabethan Settlement referred to changing the Church of England from
Catholicism to an extreme puritanical form of worship.
o Topic: n/a
o a. True
o b. False

o Feedback/Reference: Topic: Europe, Religion, Protestantism, Church of England/1500s

Page Reference(s): 43
Difficulty: medium
FQ: Protestant Reformation

30. The first challenge to Spain in North America came from the French.
o Topic: n/a
o a. True
o b. False
CHAPTER 1

The Collision Of Cultures

Chapter Study Outline
I. Paleo-Indian civilizations
o A. Possible origins of the American Indian
o 1. Siberia
o a. Bering Land Bridge
o 2. Southwestern Europe
o B. Basic stages of development in Middle America
o 1. Early stages
o 2. Permanent towns emerged about 2000 bc in Mexico
o 3. Farming of classical Middle American culture (Mayans) from ad 300 to 900
o 4. Aztecs followed and developed the culture that was present when the Spanish arrived
o 5. South American cultures: Chibchas and Incas
o C. Indians in the present United States reached three minor cultural climaxes
o 1. Indians of the Pacific Northwest stretched from Alaska to California
o 2. Adena-Hopewell peoples of the Ohio Valley (800 bcad 600) had great earthworks
o 3. Mississippian culture of the Mississippi Valley (ad 6001500) climaxed about the
time of the European discovery and influenced many tribes
o a. Cahokia was dominant cultural center (AD 10501250)
o (1) Pueblo-Hohokam-Anasazi cultures of the Southwest (400
bcpresent) had looser class structure
o D. Native Americans in 1500
o 1. Shared attributes and assumptions
o 2. Eastern Woodlands peoples
o a. Algonquian
o b. Iroquoian
o c. Muskogean
o 3. Plains nomads
o a. Blackfoot
o b. Cheyenne
o c. Arapaho
o 4. Pacific coast tribes
o a. Tillamook
o b. Chinook
o c. Pomo
o d. Chumash
o 5. Trauma and resilience when Europeans arrive
II. Viking arrival
o A. Greenland settlement
o 1. Erik the Red
o B. Brief settlement of Newfoundland
o 1. Leif Eriksson
III. Expansion of Europe
o A. The Renaissance brought an intense interest in knowledge of the world
o 1. Knowledge that the earth was round
o 2. Improved navigational aids
o 3. Development of urban commerce and global trade
o a. Merchant class
 o b. Corporations that shared risk
o 4. Barriers to trade with the Orient
o 5. Rise of centralized nation-states
IV. Christopher Columbus and the discovery of America
o A. Explorations of the Portuguese
o 1. Bartholomeu Dias
o 2. Vasco de Gama
o B. Columbus early life and efforts to gain support for a voyage west
o C. First voyage
o 1. Treaty of Tordesillas (1494)
o D. Later voyages
o E. America named for Amerigo Vespucci
V. The great biological exchange
o A. Animals
o B. Plants
o C. Worldwide population boom
o D. Native American devices and place names adopted
o E. Diseases unleashed
VI. Other early professional explorers
o A. John Cabot
o B. Ferdinand Magellan
VII. Spanish conquest and settlement of the new lands
o A. Initial Caribbean settlements
o B. Motives of the Spaniards
o C. European advantages
o 1. Division and disease among Indians
o 2. Superior Spanish weapons
o 3. Animals for food and battle
o D. Hernn Corts and conquest of the Aztecs
o 1. Aztec culture
o 2. Aztec religion
o E. Patterns of Spanish conquest
o 1. Encomienda system
o 2. Introduction of African slavery
o 3. Catholic missionary efforts
o F. Development of New Spain
o 1. Governance by the Council of the Indies
o 2. Advantages over European rivals
o 3. Lasting imprint of Spanish culture
o 4. Interchanges with the native culture
o G. Spanish exploration of North America
o 1. Ponce de Len
o 2. Narvez and Cabeza de Vaca
o 3. Hernando de Soto
o 4. Francisco Coronado
o H. Early Spanish settlements
o 1. Nature of Spanish settlements
o 2. St. Augustine, first European town in United States
o 3. The Spanish Southwest
o a. Importance of Catholic missions
o b. Oates founding of New Mexico
o c. The Pueblo Revolt of 1680
o d. Spain regained control of New Mexico
o 4. Horses and the Great Plains
VIII. Impact of Protestant Reformation in Europe
 o A. Early causes and spread of the movement
o B. Martin Luther
o C. Impact of John Calvin
o D. Reformation in England
o 1. An initial political revolt
o 2. Periods of conflict
o 3. Elizabethan settlement
IX. Challenge to the Spanish Empire
o A. French efforts
o 1. Giovanni de Verrazano explored coast in 1524
o 2. Jacques Cartier led three voyages
o B. Dutch opposition to Spain
o 1. Rebellion of the Netherlands against Spanish rule, 15671648
o C. British effort
o 1. Defeat of the Spanish Armada, 1588
o 2. Promotion of British colonization
o 3. Sir Humphrey Gilbert lost at sea
o 4. Sir Walter Raleigh and the Roanoke lost colonists