EXAME NACIONAL DO ENSINO MDIO
ESSA A COR DO SEU CADERNO DE PROVAS!
MARQUE-A EM SEU CARTO-RESPOSTA
PROVA DE CINCIAS HUMANAS E SUAS TECNOLOGIAS
PROVA DE CINCIAS DA NATUREZA E SUAS TECNOLOGIAS
LEIA ATENTAMENTE AS INSTRUES SEGUINTES
1 Este CADERNO DE QUESTES contm 90 questes numeradas de 1 a 90,
dispostas da seguinte maneira:
a. as questes de nmero 1 a 45 so relativas rea de
Cincias Humanas e suas Tecnologias;
b. as questes de nmero 46 a 90 so relativas rea de
Cincias da Natureza e suas Tecnologias.
2 Marque no CARTO-RESPOSTA, no espao apropriado, a opo
correspondente cor desta capa: 1-Azul; 2-Amarela; 3-Branca ou 4-Rosa.
ATENO: se voc assinalar mais de uma opo de cor ou deixar todos os
campos em branco, sua prova no ser corrigida.
3 Verifique, no CARTO-RESPOSTA, se os seus dados esto registrados
corretamente. Caso haja alguma divergncia, comunique-a imediatamente
ao aplicador da sala.
4 Aps a conferncia, escreva e assine seu nome nos espaos prprios do
CARTO-RESPOSTA com caneta esferogrfica de tinta preta.
5 No dobre, no amasse, nem rasure o CARTO-RESPOSTA. Ele no poder
ser substitudo.
6 Para cada uma das questes objetivas, so apresentadas 5 opes,
identificadas com as letras A , B , C , D e E . Apenas uma responde
corretamente questo.
7 No CARTO-RESPOSTA, marque, para cada questo, a letra correspondente
opo escolhida para a resposta, preenchendo todo o espao compreendido
no crculo, com caneta esferogrfica de tinta preta. Voc deve, portanto,
assinalar apenas uma opo em cada questo. A marcao em mais de uma
opo anula a questo, mesmo que uma das respostas esteja correta.
1 DIA
CADERNO
1
AZUL
2010
8 O tempo disponvel para estas provas de quatro horas e trinta
minutos.
9 Reserve os 30 minutos finais para marcar seu CARTO-RESPOSTA. Os
rascunhos e as marcaes assinaladas no CADERNO DE QUESTES no
sero considerados na avaliao.
10 Quando terminar as provas, entregue ao aplicador este CADERNO DE
QUESTES e o CARTO-RESPOSTA.
11 Voc somente poder deixar o local de prova aps decorridas duas horas
do incio da sua aplicao. Caso permanea na sala por, no mnimo,
quatro horas aps o incio da prova, voc poder levar este CADERNO DE
QUESTES.
12 Voc ser excludo do exame caso:
a. utilize, durante a realizao da prova, mquinas e/ou
relgios de calcular, bem como rdios, gravadores,
headphones, telefones celulares ou fontes de consulta de
qualquer espcie;
b. se ausente da sala de provas levando consigo o
CADERNO DE QUESTES e/ou o CARTO-RESPOSTA antes
do prazo estabelecido;
c. aja com incorreo ou descortesia para com qualquer
participante do processo de aplicao das provas;
d. se comunique com outro participante, verbalmente, por
escrito ou por qualquer outra forma;
e. apresente dado(s) falso(s) na sua identificao pessoal.
 2010
CINCIAS HUMANAS E SUAS TECNOLOGIAS
Questes de 1 a 45

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 2010
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Questo 55
(PYLVLWDDXPDXVLQDVXFURDOFRROHLUDXPJUXSRGHDOXQRV
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 2010
Questo 56 Questo 58
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Questo 57
2 GHVSHMR GH GHMHWRV GH HVJRWRV GRPpVWLFRV H
LQGXVWULDLV YHP FDXVDQGR VpULRV SUREOHPDV DRV ULRV
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Questo 59
$V FLGDGHV LQGXVWULDOL]DGDV SURGX]HP JUDQGHV
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CN - 1 dia | Caderno 1 - AZUL - Pgina 16

Questo 60
$ ODYRXUD DUUR]HLUD QD SODQtFLH FRVWHLUD GD UHJLmR VXO
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:,1.(/+/76&+,('(/0Cultura do arroz: salinizao de solos em cultivos de arroz.
2010
Questo 62
3DUD H[SOLFDU D DEVRUomR GH QXWULHQWHV EHP FRPR D
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Questo 61 GLPLQXLUDYHORFLGDGHGHDEVRUomR
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CN - 1 dia | Caderno 1 - AZUL - Pgina 17

Questo 63
2 FUHVFLPHQWR GD SURGXomR GH HQHUJLD HOpWULFD DR
ORQJR GR WHPSR WHP LQXHQFLDGR GHFLVLYDPHQWH R
SURJUHVVR GD KXPDQLGDGH PDV WDPEpP WHP FULDGR
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2010
6XSRQKD TXH XP ELyORJR WHQWDVVH H[SOLFDU D RULJHP
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as caractersticas citaGDVQRWH[WRIRUDPRULJLQDGDV
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SRUPHLRGHPXWDo}HVHGHSRLVDRORQJRGRWHPSR
IRUDPVHOHFLRQDGDVSRUVHUHPPDLVDGDSWDGDVDR
DPELHQWHHPTXHRVRUJDQLVPRVVHHQFRQWUDP
Questo 65
$V PLVWXUDV HIHUYHVFHQWHV HP Sy RX HP FRPSULPLGRV
VmR FRPXQV SDUD D DGPLQLVWUDomR GH YLWDPLQD & RX GH
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IRL GHVHQYROYLGD SDUD IDFLOLWDU R WUDQVSRUWH DXPHQWDU D
HVWDELOLGDGHGHVXEVWkQFLDVHTXDQGRHPVROXomRDFHOHUDUD
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JHUDORiFLGRWDUWiULFRRXRiFLGRFtWULFRTXHUHDJHPFRPXP
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VXESURGXWRIRUPDGRpDiJXD TXDQGRHPFRQWDWRFRPDiJXD$SDUWLUGRFRQWDWRGDPLVWXUD
FRQYHUWH D HQHUJLD TXtPLFD FRQWLGD QDV PROpFXODV HIHUYHVFHQWH FRP D iJXD RFRUUH XPD VpULH GH UHDo}HV
GRV FRPSRQHQWHV HP HQHUJLD WpUPLFD VHP TXH TXtPLFDVVLPXOWkQHDVOLEHUDomRGHtRQVIRUPDomRGHiFLGRH
RFRUUD D SURGXomR GH JDVHV SROXHQWHV QRFLYRV DR OLEHUDomRGRJiVFDUE{QLFRJHUDQGRDHIHUYHVFrQFLD
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H D OLEHUDomR GR JiV RFRUUHP UHVSHFWLYDPHQWH QDV
VHJXLQWHVHWDSDV
Questo 64
$OJXQV DQItELRV H UpSWHLV VmR DGDSWDGRV j YLGD  ,9,,,H,,,
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GH SDWDV FRUSR DQHODGR TXH IDFLOLWD R GHVORFDPHQWR  ,,9,,H,,,
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CN - 1 dia | Caderno 1 - AZUL - Pgina 18

Questo 66
8P DPELHQWH FDSD] GH DV[LDU WRGRV RV DQLPDLV
FRQKHFLGRV GR SODQHWD IRL FRORQL]DGR SRU SHOR PHQRV
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2010
Questo 67
2 DEDVWHFLPHQWR GH QRVVDV QHFHVVLGDGHV HQHUJpWLFDV
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 EXAME NACIONAL DO ENSINO MDIO
ESSA A COR DO SEU CADERNO DE PROVAS!
MARQUE-A EM SEU CARTO-RESPOSTA
PROVA DE CINCIAS HUMANAS E SUAS TECNOLOGIAS
PROVA DE CINCIAS DA NATUREZA E SUAS TECNOLOGIAS
LEIA ATENTAMENTE AS INSTRUES SEGUINTES
1 Este CADERNO DE QUESTES contm 90 questes numeradas de 1 a 90,
dispostas da seguinte maneira:
a. as questes de nmero 1 a 45 so relativas rea de
Cincias Humanas e suas Tecnologias;
b. as questes de nmero 46 a 90 so relativas rea de
Cincias da Natureza e suas Tecnologias.
2 Marque no CARTO-RESPOSTA, no espao apropriado, a opo
correspondente cor desta capa: 1-Azul; 2-Amarela; 3-Branca ou 4-Rosa.
ATENO: se voc assinalar mais de uma opo de cor ou deixar todos os
campos em branco, sua prova no ser corrigida.
3 Verifique, no CARTO-RESPOSTA, se os seus dados esto registrados
corretamente. Caso haja alguma divergncia, comunique-a imediatamente
ao aplicador da sala.
4 Aps a conferncia, escreva e assine seu nome nos espaos prprios do
CARTO-RESPOSTA com caneta esferogrfica de tinta preta.
5 No dobre, no amasse, nem rasure o CARTO-RESPOSTA. Ele no poder
ser substitudo.
6 Para cada uma das questes objetivas, so apresentadas 5 opes,
identificadas com as letras A , B , C , D e E . Apenas uma responde
corretamente questo.
7 No CARTO-RESPOSTA, marque, para cada questo, a letra correspondente
opo escolhida para a resposta, preenchendo todo o espao compreendido
no crculo, com caneta esferogrfica de tinta preta. Voc deve, portanto,
assinalar apenas uma opo em cada questo. A marcao em mais de uma
opo anula a questo, mesmo que uma das respostas esteja correta.
1 DIA
CADERNO
2
AMARELO
2010
8 O tempo disponvel para estas provas de quatro horas e trinta
minutos.
9 Reserve os 30 minutos finais para marcar seu CARTO-RESPOSTA. Os
rascunhos e as marcaes assinaladas no CADERNO DE QUESTES no
sero considerados na avaliao.
10 Quando terminar as provas, entregue ao aplicador este CADERNO DE
QUESTES e o CARTO-RESPOSTA.
11 Voc somente poder deixar o local de prova aps decorridas duas horas
do incio da sua aplicao. Caso permanea na sala por, no mnimo,
quatro horas aps o incio da prova, voc poder levar este CADERNO DE
QUESTES.
12 Voc ser excludo do exame caso:
a. utilize, durante a realizao da prova, mquinas e/ou
relgios de calcular, bem como rdios, gravadores,
headphones, telefones celulares ou fontes de consulta de
qualquer espcie;
b. se ausente da sala de provas levando consigo o
CADERNO DE QUESTES e/ou o CARTO-RESPOSTA antes
do prazo estabelecido;
c. aja com incorreo ou descortesia para com qualquer
participante do processo de aplicao das provas;
d. se comunique com outro participante, verbalmente, por
escrito ou por qualquer outra forma;
e. apresente dado(s) falso(s) na sua identificao pessoal.

CINCIAS HUMANAS E SUAS TECNOLOGIAS
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Questo 36
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Questo 39
A chegada da televiso
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Questo 41
A tica precisa ser compreendida como um
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Questo 42 Questo 44

Judicirio contribuiu com ditadura no Chile, diz Juiz

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UHODFLRQDGRDRFLFOR
GDiJXD
GRR[LJrQLR
GRIyVIRUR
GRFDUERQR
GRQLWURJrQLR
CN - 1 dia | Caderno 2 - AMARELO - Pgina 15
FDUDFWHUL]DGRSHORD
 DXPHQWRGDVDOLQLGDGHHPTXHDiJXDGRVRORDWLQJH
XPDFRQFHQWUDomRGHVDLVPDLRUTXHDGDVFpOXODV
GDV UDt]HV GDV SODQWDV LPSHGLQGR DVVLP TXH D
iJXDVHMDDEVRUYLGD
 DXPHQWR GD VDOLQLGDGH HP TXH R VROR DWLQJH XP
QtYHOPXLWREDL[RGHiJXDHDVSODQWDVQmRWrPIRUoD
GHVXFomRSDUDDEVRUYHUDiJXD
 GLPLQXLomR GD VDOLQLGDGH TXH DWLQJH XP QtYHO HP
TXH DV SODQWDV QmR WrP IRUoD GH VXFomR ID]HQGR
FRPTXHDiJXDQmRVHMDDEVRUYLGD
 DXPHQWRGDVDOLQLGDGHTXHDWLQJHXPQtYHOHPTXH
DV SODQWDV WrP PXLWD VXGDomR QmR WHQGR IRUoD GH
VXFomRSDUDVXSHUiOD
 GLPLQXLomR GD VDOLQLGDGH TXH DWLQJH XP QtYHO HP
TXH DV SODQWDV FDP W~UJLGDV H QmR WrP IRUoD GH
VXGDomRSDUDVXSHUiOD
Questo 57
SURSRUo}HV GH JDVHV FRPR R &2 R SULQFLSDO JiV
FDXVDGRU GR HIHLWR HVWXID ,VVR RFRUUH SRU FDXVD
GD TXDQWLGDGH GH FRPEXVWtYHLV IyVVHLV TXHLPDGRV
SULQFLSDOPHQWHQRWUDQVSRUWHPDVWDPEpPHPFDOGHLUDV
LQGXVWULDLV$OpP GLVVR QHVVDV FLGDGHV FRQFHQWUDPVH
DV PDLRUHV iUHDV FRP VRORV DVIDOWDGRV H FRQFUHWDGRV
RTXHDXPHQWDDUHWHQomRGHFDORUIRUPDQGRRTXHVH
FRQKHFHSRULOKDVGHFDORU7DOIHQ{PHQRRFRUUHSRUTXH
HVVHVPDWHULDLVDEVRUYHPRFDORUHRGHYROYHPSDUDRDU
VREDIRUPDGHUDGLDomRWpUPLFD
(PiUHDVXUEDQDVGHYLGRjDWXDomRFRQMXQWDGRHIHLWR
HVWXIDHGDVLOKDVGHFDORUHVSHUDVHTXHRFRQVXPR
GHHQHUJLDHOpWULFD
 GLPLQXDGHYLGRjXWLOL]DomRGHFDOGHLUDVSRULQG~VWULDV
PHWDO~UJLFDV
 DXPHQWH GHYLGR DR EORTXHLR GD OX] GR VRO SHORV
JDVHVGRHIHLWRHVWXID
 GLPLQXD GHYLGR j QmR QHFHVVLGDGH GH DTXHFHU D
iJXDXWLOL]DGDHPLQG~VWULDV
 DXPHQWHGHYLGRjQHFHVVLGDGHGHPDLRUUHIULJHUDomR
GHLQG~VWULDVHUHVLGrQFLDV
 GLPLQXD GHYLGR j JUDQGH TXDQWLGDGH GH UDGLDomR
WpUPLFDUHXWLOL]DGD
 2010
Questo 58 Questo 60
Sob prHVVmR QRUPDO DR QtYHO GR PDU D iJXD HQWUD
HP HEXOLomR j WHPSHUDWXUD GH  o&7HQGR SRU EDVH
HVVD LQIRUPDomR XP JDURWR UHVLGHQWH HP XPD FLGDGH
OLWRUkQHDIH]DVHJXLQWHH[SHULrQFLD

 &RORFRX XPD FDQHFD PHWiOLFD FRQWHQGR iJXD QR

IRJDUHLURGRIRJmRGHVXDFDVD
 4XDQGR D iJXD FRPHoRX D IHUYHU HQFRVWRX
FXLGDGRVDPHQWH D H[WUHPLGDGH PDLV HVWUHLWD GH
XPD VHULQJD GH LQMHomR GHVSURYLGD GH DJXOKD
QD VXSHUItFLH GR OtTXLGR H HUJXHQGR R rPEROR GD
seringa, aspirou certa quantidade de gua para seu
LQWHULRUWDSDQGRDHPVHJXLGD
 9HULFDQGR DSyV DOJXQV LQVWDQWHV TXH D iJXD GD
VHULQJDKDYLDSDUDGRGHIHUYHUHOHHUJXHXRrPEROR
GDVHULQJDFRQVWDWDQGRLQWULJDGRTXHDiJXDYROWRX
DIHUYHUDSyVXPSHTXHQRGHVORFDPHQWRGRrPEROR
=,(*/(50)(QHUJLD6XVWHQWiYHORevista IstoDEU

&RQVLGHUDQGR R SURFHGLPHQWR DQWHULRU D iJXD YROWD D

IHUYHUSRUTXHHVVHGHVORFDPHQWR
 SHUPLWHDHQWUDGDGHFDORUGRDPELHQWHH[WHUQRSDUD
RLQWHULRUGDVHULQJD
provoca, por atrito, um aquecimento da gua contida
QDVHULQJD
 SURGX]XPDXPHQWRGHYROXPHTXHDXPHQWDRSRQWR
GHHEXOLomRGDiJXD
 SURSRUFLRQD XPD TXHGD GH SUHVVmR QR LQWHULRU GD
VHULQJDTXHGLPLQXLRSRQWRGHHEXOLomRGDiJXD
$IRQWHGHHQHUJLDUHSUHVHQWDGDQDJXUDFRQVLGHUDGD
XPD GDV PDLV OLPSDV H VXVWHQWiYHLV GR PXQGR p
H[WUDtGDGRFDORUJHUDGR
 SHODFLUFXODomRGRPDJPDQRVXEVROR
 SHODVHUXSo}HVFRQVWDQWHVGRVYXOF}HV
 SHORVROTXHDTXHFHDViJXDVFRPUDGLDomRXOWUDYLROHWD
 SHODTXHLPDGRFDUYmRHFRPEXVWtYHLVIyVVHLV
 SHORVGHWULWRVHFLQ]DVYXOFkQLFDV
Questo 61
1RDQRGHXPYD]DPHQWRHPGXWRVGHyOHRQDEDtD
 SRVVLELOLWD XPD GLPLQXLomR GD GHQVLGDGH GD iJXD
TXHIDFLOLWDVXDHEXOLomR
Questo 59
O despejo de dejetos de esgotos domsticos e
LQGXVWULDLV YHP FDXVDQGR VpULRV SUREOHPDV DRV ULRV
EUDVLOHLURV (VVHV SROXHQWHV VmR ULFRV HP VXEVWkQFLDV
TXH FRQWULEXHP SDUD D HXWUR]DomR GH HFRVVLVWHPDV
que um enriquecimento da gua por nutrientes, o que
SURYRFD XP JUDQGH FUHVFLPHQWR EDFWHULDQR H SRU P
SRGHSURPRYHUHVFDVVH]GHR[LJrQLR
GH *XDQDEDUD 5- FDXVRX XP GRV PDLRUHV DFLGHQWHV
DPELHQWDLV GR %UDVLO$OpP GH DIHWDU D IDXQD H D RUD R
DFLGHQWH DEDORX R HTXLOtEULR GD FDGHLD DOLPHQWDU GH WRGD
D EDtD 2 SHWUyOHR IRUPD XPD SHOtFXOD QD VXSHUItFLH GD
iJXDRTXHSUHMXGLFDDVWURFDVJDVRVDVGDDWPRVIHUDFRP
D iJXD H GHVIDYRUHFH D UHDOL]DomR GH IRWRVVtQWHVH SHODV
DOJDV TXH HVWmR QD EDVH GD FDGHLD DOLPHQWDU KtGULFD
$OpP GLVVR R GHUUDPDPHQWR GH yOHR FRQWULEXLX SDUD R
envenenamento das rvores e, consequentemente, para a
LQWR[LFDomRGDIDXQDHRUDDTXiWLFDVEHPFRPRFRQGX]LX
jPRUWHGLYHUVDVHVSpFLHVGHDQLPDLVHQWUHRXWUDVIRUPDV
GHYLGDDIHWDQGRWDPEpPDDWLYLGDGHSHVTXHLUD
8PDPDQHLUDGHHYLWDUDGLPLQXLomRGDFRQFHQWUDomRGH /$8%,(5/'LYHUVLGDGHGD0DUp1HJUD,Q6FLHQWLF$PHULFDQ%UDVLODJRDGDSWDGR

R[LJrQLRQRDPELHQWHp
$VLWXDomRH[SRVWDQRWH[WRHVXDVLPSOLFDo}HV
Aquecer as guas dos rios para aumentar a
indicam a indeSHQGrQFLD GD HVSpFLH KXPDQD FRP
YHORFLGDGHGHGHFRPSRVLomRGRVGHMHWRV
UHODomRDRDPELHQWHPDULQKR
Retirar do esgoto os materiais ricos em nutrientes  DOHUWDPSDUDDQHFHVVLGDGHGRFRQWUROHGDSROXLomR
SDUDGLPLQXLUDVXDFRQFHQWUDomRQRVULRV DPELHQWDOSDUDUHGXomRGRHIHLWRHVWXID
 $GLFLRQDU EDFWpULDV DQDHUyELFDV jV iJXDV GRV ULRV  LOXVWUDPDLQWHUGHSHQGrQFLDGDVGLYHUVDVIRUPDVGH
SDUDTXHHODVVREUHYLYDPPHVPRVHPRR[LJrQLR
 6XEVWLWXLU SURGXWRV QmR GHJUDGiYHLV SRU
ELRGHJUDGiYHLVSDUDTXHDVEDFWpULDVSRVVDPXWLOL]DU
RVQXWULHQWHV
 $XPHQWDUDVROXELOLGDGHGRVGHMHWRVQRHVJRWRSDUDTXH
RVQXWULHQWHVTXHPPDLVDFHVVtYHLVjVEDFWpULDV
YLGDDQLPDOYHJHWDOHRXWUDVHRVHXKDELWDW
 LQGLFDPDDOWDUHVLVWrQFLDGRPHLRDPELHQWHjDomR
GRKRPHPDOpPGHHYLGHQFLDUDVXDVXVWHQWDELOLGDGH
PHVPRHPFRQGLo}HVH[WUHPDVGHSROXLomR
 HYLGHQFLDP D JUDQGH FDSDFLGDGH DQLPDO GH VH
DGDSWDUjVPXGDQoDVDPELHQWDLVHPFRQWUDVWHFRP
DEDL[DFDSDFLGDGHGDVHVSpFLHVYHJHWDLVTXHHVWmR
QDEDVHGDFDGHLDDOLPHQWDUKtGULFD
CN - 1 dia | Caderno 2 - AMARELO - Pgina 16

Questo 62
8P DPELHQWH FDSD] GH DV[LDU WRGRV RV DQLPDLV
FRQKHFLGRV GR SODQHWD IRL FRORQL]DGR SRU SHOR PHQRV
WUrV HVSpFLHV GLIHUHQWHV GH LQYHUWHEUDGRV PDULQKRV
'HVFREHUWRV D PDLV GH   P GH SURIXQGLGDGH QR
0HGLWHUUkQHR HOHV VmR RV SULPHLURV PHPEURV GR UHLQR
DQLPDO D SURVSHUDU PHVPR GLDQWH GD DXVrQFLD WRWDO
GH R[LJrQLR $Wp DJRUD DFKDYDVH TXH Vy EDFWpULDV
SXGHVVHP WHU HVVH HVWLOR GH YLGD 1mR DGPLUD TXH RV
ELFKRV SHUWHQoDP D XP JUXSR SRXFR FRQKHFLGR R
GRV ORULFtIHURV TXH PDO FKHJDP D  PP$SHVDU GR
WDPDQKR SRVVXHP FDEHoD ERFD VLVWHPD GLJHVWLYR
H XPD FDUDSDoD $ DGDSWDomR GRV ELFKRV j YLGD QR
VXIRFRpWmRSURIXQGDTXHVXDVFpOXODVGLVSHQVDUDPDV
FKDPDGDVPLWRF{QGULDV
/23(65-Italianos descobrem animal que vive em gua sem oxignio'LVSRQtYHO
2010
Questo 64
$OJXQV DQItELRV H UpSWHLV VmR DGDSWDGRV j YLGD
VXEWHUUkQHD 1HVVD VLWXDomR DSUHVHQWDP DOJXPDV
FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV FRUSRUDLV FRPR SRU H[HPSOR DXVrQFLD
GH SDWDV FRUSR DQHODGR TXH IDFLOLWD R GHVORFDPHQWR
QRVXEVRORHHPDOJXQVFDVRVDXVrQFLDGHROKRV
6XSRQKD TXH XP ELyORJR WHQWDVVH H[SOLFDU D RULJHP
GDV DGDSWDo}HV PHQFLRQDGDV QR WH[WR XWLOL]DQGR
FRQFHLWRV GD WHRULD HYROXWLYD GH /DPDUFN $R DGRWDU
HVVHSRQWRGHYLVWDHOHGLULDTXH
HPKWWSZZZIROKDXROFRPEU$FHVVRHPDEUDGDSWDGR
4XHVXEVWkQFLDVSRGHULDPWHUDPHVPDIXQomRGR2 na
UHVSLUDomRFHOXODUUHDOL]DGDSHORVORULFtIHURV"
S e CH4
Se
H e
COe CH4
H e CO
Questo 63
$V PLVWXUDV HIHUYHVFHQWHV HP Sy RX HP FRPSULPLGRV
VmR FRPXQV SDUD D DGPLQLVWUDomR GH YLWDPLQD & RX GH
PHGLFDPHQWRV SDUD D]LD (VVD IRUPD IDUPDFrXWLFD VyOLGD
IRL GHVHQYROYLGD SDUD IDFLOLWDU R WUDQVSRUWH DXPHQWDU D
HVWDELOLGDGHGHVXEVWkQFLDVHTXDQGRHPVROXomRDFHOHUDUD
DEVRUomRGRIiUPDFRSHORRUJDQLVPR
$V PDWpULDVSULPDV TXH DWXDP QD HIHUYHVFrQFLD VmR HP
JHUDORiFLGRWDUWiULFRRXRiFLGRFtWULFRTXHUHDJHPFRPXP
 DVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVFLWDGDVQRWH[WRIRUDPRULJLQDGDV
SHODVHOHomRQDWXUDO
 DDXVrQFLDGHROKRVWHULDVLGRFDXVDGDSHODIDOWDGH
XVRGRVPHVPRVVHJXQGRDOHLGRXVRHGHVXVR
 R FRUSR DQHODGR p XPD FDUDFWHUtVWLFD IRUWHPHQWH
adaptativa, mas seria transmitida apenas
SULPHLUDJHUDomRGHGHVFHQGHQWHV
 DV SDWDV WHULDP VLGR SHUGLGDV SHOD IDOWD GH XVR H HP
VHJXLGDHVVDFDUDFWHUtVWLFDIRLLQFRUSRUDGDDRSDWULP{QLR
JHQpWLFRHHQWmRWUDQVPLWLGDVDRVGHVFHQGHQWHV
 DVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVFLWDGDVQRWH[WRIRUDPDGTXLULGDV
SRUPHLRGHPXWDo}HVHGHSRLVDRORQJRGRWHPSR
IRUDPVHOHFLRQDGDVSRUVHUHPPDLVDGDSWDGDVDR
ambiente em que os organismos se encRQWUDP
VDOGHFDUiWHUEiVLFRFRPRRELFDUERQDWRGHVyGLR1D+&23 Rascunho
TXDQGRHPFRQWDWRFRPDiJXD$SDUWLUGRFRQWDWRGDPLVWXUD
HIHUYHVFHQWH FRP D iJXD RFRUUH XPD VpULH GH UHDo}HV
TXtPLFDVVLPXOWkQHDVOLEHUDomRGHtRQVIRUPDomRGHiFLGRH
OLEHUDomRGRJiVFDUE{QLFRJHUDQGRDHIHUYHVFrQFLD

$V HTXDo}HV D VHJXLU UHSUHVHQWDP DV HWDSDV GD

UHDomRGDPLVWXUDHIHUYHVFHQWHQDiJXDHPTXHIRUDP
RPLWLGRVRVHVWDGRVGHDJUHJDomRGRVUHDJHQWHVH+3A
UHSUHVHQWDRiFLGRFtWULFR

, 1D+&23 1D+ +

,, +CO3 U HO + CO
,,, + H+ U HCO3
,9 +3A U 3H+ +

$LRQL]DomRDGLVVRFLDomRL{QLFDDIRUPDomRGRiFLGR
H D OLEHUDomR GR JiV RFRUUHP UHVSHFWLYDPHQWH QDV
VHJXLQWHVHWDSDV

 ,9,,,H,,,
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CN - 1 dia | Caderno 2 - AMARELO - Pgina 17

Questo 65
O cresciPHQWR GD SURGXomR GH HQHUJLD HOpWULFD DR
ORQJR GR WHPSR WHP LQXHQFLDGR GHFLVLYDPHQWH R
SURJUHVVR GD KXPDQLGDGH PDV WDPEpP WHP FULDGR
XPD VpULD SUHRFXSDomR R SUHMXt]R DR PHLR DPELHQWH
1RV SUy[LPRV DQRV XPD QRYD WHFQRORJLD GH JHUDomR
GHHQHUJLDHOpWULFDGHYHUiJDQKDUHVSDoRDVFpOXODVD
FRPEXVWtYHOKLGURJrQLRR[LJrQLR
9,//8//$6+07,&,$1(//,($*21=/(=(5Qumica Nova Na Escola. NoPDLR
Com basH QR WH[WR H QD JXUD D SURGXomR GH HQHUJLD
HOpWULFD SRU PHLR GD FpOXOD D FRPEXVWtYHO KLGURJrQLR
R[LJrQLRGLIHUHQFLDVHGRVSURFHVVRVFRQYHQFLRQDLVSRUTXH
2010
&RP EDVH QRV GDGRV REWLGRV LQIHUHVH TXH D IXQomR
GDVPLFURYLORVLGDGHVLQWHVWLQDLVFRPUHODomRjDEVRUomR
GH QXWULHQWHV SHODV FpOXODV GDV SDUHGHV LQWHUQDV GR
intestino a de
PDQWHURYROXPHGHDEVRUomR
DXPHQWDUDVXSHUItFLHGHDEVRUomR
GLPLQXLUDYHORFLGDGHGHDEVRUomR
DXPHQWDURWHPSRGHDEVRUomR
PDQWHUDVHOHWLYLGDGHQDDEVRUomR
Questo 67
O abastecimento de nossas necessidades energticas
IXWXUDV GHSHQGHUi FHUWDPHQWH GR GHVHQYROYLPHQWR
GH WHFQRORJLDV SDUD DSURYHLWDU D HQHUJLD VRODU FRP
PDLRU HFLrQFLD $ HQHUJLD VRODU p D PDLRU IRQWH GH
HQHUJLD PXQGLDO 1XP GLD HQVRODUDGR SRU H[HPSOR
DSUR[LPDGDPHQWH  N- GH HQHUJLD VRODU DWLQJH FDGD
PHWURTXDGUDGRGDVXSHUItFLHWHUUHVWUHSRUVHJXQGR1R
HQWDQWRRDSURYHLWDPHQWRGHVVDHQHUJLDpGLItFLOSRUTXH
WUDQVIRUPDHQHUJLDTXtPLFDHPHQHUJLDHOpWULFDVHP
FDXVDUGDQRVDRPHLRDPELHQWHSRUTXHRSULQFLSDO
VXESURGXWRIRUPDGRpDiJXD
FRQYHUWH D HQHUJLD TXtPLFD FRQWLGD QDV PROpFXODV
dos componentes em energia trmica, sem que
RFRUUD D SURGXomR GH JDVHV SROXHQWHV QRFLYRV DR
PHLRDPELHQWH
WUDQVIRUPD HQHUJLD TXtPLFD HP HQHUJLD HOpWULFD
SRUpPHPLWHJDVHVSROXHQWHVGDPHVPDIRUPDTXHD
HODpGLOXtGDGLVWULEXtGDSRUXPDiUHDPXLWRH[WHQVDH
RVFLOD FRP R KRUiULR H DV FRQGLo}HV FOLPiWLFDV 2 XVR
HIHWLYRGDHQHUJLDVRODUGHSHQGHGHIRUPDVGHHVWRFDUD
HQHUJLDFROHWDGDSDUDXVRSRVWHULRU
%52:17Qumica a Cincia Central6mR3DXOR3HDUVRQ3UHQWLFH+DOO
$WXDOPHQWHXPDGDVIRUPDVGHVHXWLOL]DUDHQHUJLDVRODU
WHPVLGRDUPD]HQiODSRUPHLRGHSURFHVVRVTXtPLFRV
endotrmicos que mais tarde podem ser revertidos para
SURGXomRGHHQHUJLDDSDUWLUGRVFRPEXVWtYHLVIyVVHLV OLEHUDU FDORU &RQVLGHUDQGR D UHDomR &+J + HOY +
FRQYHUWH HQHUJLD HOpWULFD SURYHQLHQWH GRV
FRPEXVWtYHLVIyVVHLVHPHQHUJLDTXtPLFDUHWHQGRRV
JDVHVSROXHQWHVSURGX]LGRVQRSURFHVVRVHPDOWHUDU
DTXDOLGDGHGRPHLRDPELHQWH
FRQYHUWH D HQHUJLD SRWHQFLDO DFXPXODGD QDV
PROpFXODVGHiJXDFRQWLGDVQRVLVWHPDHPHQHUJLD
TXtPLFD VHP TXH RFRUUD D SURGXomR GH JDVHV
SROXHQWHVQRFLYRVDRPHLRDPELHQWH
Questo 66
3DUD H[SOLFar a DEVRUomR GH QXWULHQWHV EHP FRPR D
IXQomRGDVPLFURYLORVLGDGHVGDVPHPEUDQDVGDVFpOXODV
TXHUHYHVWHPDVSDUHGHVLQWHUQDVGRLQWHVWLQRGHOJDGRXP
HVWXGDQWHUHDOL]RXRVHJXLQWHH[SHULPHQWR
&RORFRXPGHiJXDHPGRLVUHFLSLHQWHV1RSULPHLUR
UHFLSLHQWH PHUJXOKRX SRU  VHJXQGRV XP SHGDoR GH
SDSHOOLVRFRPRQD),*85$QRVHJXQGRUHFLSLHQWHIH]R
PHVPRFRPXPSHGDoRGHSDSHOFRPGREUDVVLPXODQGRDV
PLFURYLORVLGDGHVFRQIRUPH),*85$2VGDGRVREWLGRV
IRUDPDTXDQWLGDGHGHiJXDDEVRUYLGDSHORSDSHOOLVRIRL
GHPHQTXDQWRSHORSDSHOGREUDGRIRLGHP
),*85$),*85$
FDORUU COJ + 3 HJHDQDOLVDQGRDFRPRSRWHQFLDO
mecanismo para o aproveitamento posterior da energia
VRODUFRQFOXLVHTXHVHWUata de uma estratgia
inVDWLVIDWyULD SRLV D UHDomR DSUHVHQWDGD QmR
SHUPLWH TXH D HQHUJLD SUHVHQWH QR PHLR H[WHUQR
VHMD DEVRUYLGD SHOR VLVWHPD SDUD VHU XWLOL]DGD
SRVWHULRUPHQWH
 LQVDWLVIDWyULD XPD YH] TXH Ki IRUPDomR GH JDVHV
SROXHQWHV H FRP SRWHQFLDO SRGHU H[SORVLYR
WRUQDQGRDXPDUHDomRSHULJRVDHGHGLItFLOFRQWUROH
 LQVDWLVIDWyULDXPDYH]TXHKiIRUPDomRGHJiV&2
TXHQmRSRVVXLFRQWH~GRHQHUJpWLFRSDVVtYHOGHVHU
aproveitado posteriormente e considerado um gs
SROXHQWH
 VDWLVIDWyULD XPD YH] TXH D UHDomR GLUHWD RFRUUH
FRP DEVRUomR GH FDORU H SURPRYH D IRUPDomR
GDV VXEVWkQFLDV FRPEXVWtYHLV TXH SRGHUmR VHU
XWLOL]DGDVSRVWHULRUPHQWHSDUDREWHQomRGHHQHUJLD
HUHDOL]DomRGHWUDEDOKR~WLO
 VDWLVIDWyULD XPD YH] TXH D UHDomR GLUHWD RFRUUH
FRP OLEHUDomR GH FDORU KDYHQGR DLQGD D IRUPDomR
GDV VXEVWkQFLDV FRPEXVWtYHLV TXH SRGHUmR VHU
XWLOL]DGDVSRVWHULRUPHQWHSDUDREWHQomRGHHQHUJLD
HUHDOL]DomRGHWUDEDOKR~WLO
CN - 1 dia | Caderno 2 - AMARELO - Pgina 18

Questo 68
Todos os organismos necessitam de gua e grande
SDUWHGHOHVYLYHHPULRVODJRVHRFHDQRV2VSURFHVVRV
ELROyJLFRV FRPR UHVSLUDomR H IRWRVVtQWHVH H[HUFHP
SURIXQGD LQXrQFLD QD TXtPLFD GDV iJXDV QDWXUDLV HP
WRGRRSODQHWD2R[LJrQLRpDWRUGRPLQDQWHQDTXtPLFD
H QD ELRTXtPLFD GD KLGURVIHUD 'HYLGR D VXD EDL[D
2010
Questo 69
2 XVR SURORQJDGR GH OHQWHV GH FRQWDWR VREUHWXGR
GXUDQWHDQRLWHDOLDGRDFRQGLo}HVSUHFiULDVGHKLJLHQH
UHSUHVHQWDP IDWRUHV GH ULVFR SDUD R DSDUHFLPHQWR
GH XPD LQIHFomR GHQRPLQDGD FHUDWLWH PLFURELDQD
TXH FDXVD XOFHUDomR LQDPDWyULD GD FyUQHD 3DUD
LQWHUURPSHU R SURFHVVR GD GRHQoD p QHFHVViULR
VROXELOLGDGHHPiJXDPJD&DGLVSRQLELOLGDGH WUDWDPHQWR DQWLELyWLFR 'H PRGR JHUDO RV IDWRUHV GH
GH R[LJrQLR QRV HFRVVLVWHPDV DTXiWLFRV HVWDEHOHFH ULVFR SURYRFDP D GLPLQXLomR GD R[LJHQDomR FRUQHDQD
R OLPLWH HQWUH D YLGD DHUyELFD H DQDHUyELFD 1HVVH H GHWHUPLQDP PXGDQoDV QR VHX PHWDEROLVPR GH XP
FRQWH[WRXPSDUkPHWURFKDPDGR'HPDQGD%LRTXtPLFD HVWDGR DHUyELFR SDUD DQDHUyELFR &RPR GHFRUUrQFLD
GH2[LJrQLR'%2IRLGHQLGRSDUDPHGLUDTXDQWLGDGH REVHUYDVHDGLPLQXLomRQRQ~PHURHQDYHORFLGDGHGH
GH PDWpULD RUJkQLFD SUHVHQWH HP XP VLVWHPD KtGULFR PLWRVHVGRHSLWpOLRRTXHSUHGLVS}HDRDSDUHFLPHQWRGH
$ '%2 FRUUHVSRQGH j PDVVD GH 2 HP PLOLJUDPDV GHIHLWRVHSLWHOLDLVHjLQYDVmREDFWHULDQD
QHFHVViULD SDUD UHDOL]DU D R[LGDomR WRWDO GR FDUERQR &5(67$)/HQWHGHFRQWDWRHLQIHFomRRFXODU Revista Sinopse de Oftalmologia.6mR
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CN - 1 dia | Caderno 2 - AMARELO - Pgina 30

 EXAME NACIONAL DO ENSINO MDIO
ESSA A COR DO SEU CADERNO DE PROVAS!
MARQUE-A EM SEU CARTO-RESPOSTA
PROVA DE CINCIAS HUMANAS E SUAS TECNOLOGIAS
PROVA DE CINCIAS DA NATUREZA E SUAS TECNOLOGIAS
LEIA ATENTAMENTE AS INSTRUES SEGUINTES
1 Este CADERNO DE QUESTES contm 90 questes numeradas de 1 a 90,
dispostas da seguinte maneira:
a. as questes de nmero 1 a 45 so relativas rea de
Cincias Humanas e suas Tecnologias;
b. as questes de nmero 46 a 90 so relativas rea de
Cincias da Natureza e suas Tecnologias.
2 Marque no CARTO-RESPOSTA, no espao apropriado, a opo
correspondente cor desta capa: 1-Azul; 2-Amarela; 3-Branca ou 4-Rosa.
ATENO: se voc assinalar mais de uma opo de cor ou deixar todos os
campos em branco, sua prova no ser corrigida.
3 Verifique, no CARTO-RESPOSTA, se os seus dados esto registrados
corretamente. Caso haja alguma divergncia, comunique-a imediatamente
ao aplicador da sala.
4 Aps a conferncia, escreva e assine seu nome nos espaos prprios do
CARTO-RESPOSTA com caneta esferogrfica de tinta preta.
5 No dobre, no amasse, nem rasure o CARTO-RESPOSTA. Ele no poder
ser substitudo.
6 Para cada uma das questes objetivas, so apresentadas 5 opes,
identificadas com as letras A , B , C , D e E . Apenas uma responde
corretamente questo.
7 No CARTO-RESPOSTA, marque, para cada questo, a letra correspondente
opo escolhida para a resposta, preenchendo todo o espao compreendido
no crculo, com caneta esferogrfica de tinta preta. Voc deve, portanto,
assinalar apenas uma opo em cada questo. A marcao em mais de uma
opo anula a questo, mesmo que uma das respostas esteja correta.
1 DIA
CADERNO
3
BRANCO
2010
8 O tempo disponvel para estas provas de quatro horas e trinta
minutos.
9 Reserve os 30 minutos finais para marcar seu CARTO-RESPOSTA. Os
rascunhos e as marcaes assinaladas no CADERNO DE QUESTES no
sero considerados na avaliao.
10 Quando terminar as provas, entregue ao aplicador este CADERNO DE
QUESTES e o CARTO-RESPOSTA.
11 Voc somente poder deixar o local de prova aps decorridas duas horas
do incio da sua aplicao. Caso permanea na sala por, no mnimo,
quatro horas aps o incio da prova, voc poder levar este CADERNO DE
QUESTES.
12 Voc ser excludo do exame caso:
a. utilize, durante a realizao da prova, mquinas e/ou
relgios de calcular, bem como rdios, gravadores,
headphones, telefones celulares ou fontes de consulta de
qualquer espcie;
b. se ausente da sala de provas levando consigo o
CADERNO DE QUESTES e/ou o CARTO-RESPOSTA antes
do prazo estabelecido;
c. aja com incorreo ou descortesia para com qualquer
participante do processo de aplicao das provas;
d. se comunique com outro participante, verbalmente, por
escrito ou por qualquer outra forma;
e. apresente dado(s) falso(s) na sua identificao pessoal.
 2010
CINCIAS HUMANAS E SUAS TECNOLOGIAS
Questes de 1 a 45

Questo 1 Questo 3

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Questo 18
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Questo 27
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Questo 29
2 SUtQFLSH SRUWDQWR QmR GHYH VH LQFRPRGDU FRP D
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CINCIAS DA NATUREZA E SUAS TECNOLOGIAS
Questes de 46 a 90

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 2010
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 2010
Questo 53 Questo 55
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Questo 57 Questo 59
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Questo 66
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2010
Questo 68
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&1GLD_Caderno 3 - BRANCO - Pgina 29

 2010
Rascunho Rascunho

&1GLD_Caderno 3 - BRANCO - Pgina 30

 EXAME NACIONAL DO ENSINO MDIO
ESSA A COR DO SEU CADERNO DE PROVAS!
MARQUE-A EM SEU CARTO-RESPOSTA
PROVA DE CINCIAS HUMANAS E SUAS TECNOLOGIAS
PROVA DE CINCIAS DA NATUREZA E SUAS TECNOLOGIAS
LEIA ATENTAMENTE AS INSTRUES SEGUINTES
1 Este CADERNO DE QUESTES contm 90 questes numeradas de 1 a 90,
dispostas da seguinte maneira:
a. as questes de nmero 1 a 45 so relativas rea de
Cincias Humanas e suas Tecnologias;
b. as questes de nmero 46 a 90 so relativas rea de
Cincias da Natureza e suas Tecnologias.
2 Marque no CARTO-RESPOSTA, no espao apropriado, a opo
correspondente cor desta capa: 1-Azul; 2-Amarela; 3-Branca ou 4-Rosa.
ATENO: se voc assinalar mais de uma opo de cor ou deixar todos os
campos em branco, sua prova no ser corrigida.
3 Verifique, no CARTO-RESPOSTA, se os seus dados esto registrados
corretamente. Caso haja alguma divergncia, comunique-a imediatamente
ao aplicador da sala.
4 Aps a conferncia, escreva e assine seu nome nos espaos prprios do
CARTO-RESPOSTA com caneta esferogrfica de tinta preta.
5 No dobre, no amasse, nem rasure o CARTO-RESPOSTA. Ele no poder
ser substitudo.
6 Para cada uma das questes objetivas, so apresentadas 5 opes,
identificadas com as letras A , B , C , D e E . Apenas uma responde
corretamente questo.
7 No CARTO-RESPOSTA, marque, para cada questo, a letra correspondente
opo escolhida para a resposta, preenchendo todo o espao compreendido
no crculo, com caneta esferogrfica de tinta preta. Voc deve, portanto,
assinalar apenas uma opo em cada questo. A marcao em mais de uma
opo anula a questo, mesmo que uma das respostas esteja correta.
1 DIA
CADERNO
4
ROSA
2010
8 O tempo disponvel para estas provas de quatro horas e trinta
minutos.
9 Reserve os 30 minutos finais para marcar seu CARTO-RESPOSTA. Os
rascunhos e as marcaes assinaladas no CADERNO DE QUESTES no
sero considerados na avaliao.
10 Quando terminar as provas, entregue ao aplicador este CADERNO DE
QUESTES e o CARTO-RESPOSTA.
11 Voc somente poder deixar o local de prova aps decorridas duas horas
do incio da sua aplicao. Caso permanea na sala por, no mnimo,
quatro horas aps o incio da prova, voc poder levar este CADERNO DE
QUESTES.
12 Voc ser excludo do exame caso:
a. utilize, durante a realizao da prova, mquinas e/ou
relgios de calcular, bem como rdios, gravadores,
headphones, telefones celulares ou fontes de consulta de
qualquer espcie;
b. se ausente da sala de provas levando consigo o
CADERNO DE QUESTES e/ou o CARTO-RESPOSTA antes
do prazo estabelecido;
c. aja com incorreo ou descortesia para com qualquer
participante do processo de aplicao das provas;
d. se comunique com outro participante, verbalmente, por
escrito ou por qualquer outra forma;
e. apresente dado(s) falso(s) na sua identificao pessoal.
 2010
CINCIAS HUMANAS E SUAS TECNOLOGIAS
Questes de 1 a 45

Questo 1 Questo 3

A maioria das pessoas daqui era do campo. Vila Maria
hoje exportadora de trabalhadores. Empresrios de
Primavera do Leste, Estado de Mato Grosso, procuram
o bairro de Vila Maria para conseguir mo de obra.
gente indo distante daqui 300, 400 quilmetros para ir
Antes, eram apenas as grandes cidades que se
apresentavam como o imprio da tcnica, objeto de
PRGLFDo}HV VXVSHQV}HV DFUpVFLPRV FDGD YH] PDLV
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DUWLFLDOLQFOXLKRMHRPXQGRUXUDO
SANTOS, M. A Natureza do Espao. So Paulo: Hucitec, 1996.

trabalhar, para ganhar sete conto por dia. (Carlito, 43

anos, maranhense, entrevistado em 22/03/98). Considerando a transformao mencionada no texto,
Ribeiro, H. S. 2PLJUDQWHHDFLGDGHGLOHPDVHFRQLWRV. Araraquara: Wunderlich, 2001(adaptado). uma consequncia socioespacial que caracteriza o atual
mundo rural brasileiro
O texto retrata um fenmeno vivenciado pela
agricultura brasileira nas ltimas dcadas do sculo XX,
consequncia a reduo do processo de concentrao de terras.
o aumento do aproveitamento de solos menos frteis.
dos impactos sociais da modernizao da agricultura. a ampliao do isolamento do espao rural.
da recomposio dos salrios do trabalhador rural.
a estagnao da fronteira agrcola do pas.
 GDH[LJrQFLDGHTXDOLFDomRGRWUDEDOKDGRUUXUDO
a diminuio do nvel de emprego formal.
da diminuio da importncia da agricultura.
dos processos de desvalorizao de reas rurais. Questo 4
2VOL[}HVVmRRSLRUWLSRGHGLVSRVLomRQDOGRVUHVtGXRV
Questo 2 slidos de uma cidade, representando um grave
problema ambiental e de sade pblica. Nesses locais,
o lixo jogado diretamente no solo e a cu aberto, sem
nenhuma norma de controle, o que causa, entre outros
problemas, a contaminao do solo e das guas pelo
chorume (lquido escuro com alta carga poluidora,
proveniente da decomposio da matria orgnica
presente no lixo).
RICARDO, B.; CANPANILLI, M. Almanaque Brasil Socioambiental 2008.
So Paulo, Instituto Socioambiental, 2007.

Considere um municpio que deposita os resduos

slidos produzidos por sua populao em um lixo. Esse
procedimento considerado um problema de sade
S~EOLFDSRUTXHRVOL[}HV

causam problemas respiratrios, devido ao mau

Fonte: Incra, Estatsticas cadastrais 1998.
cheiro que provm da decomposio.
2 JUiFR UHSUHVHQWD D UHODomR HQWUH R WDPDQKR H D so locais propcios a proliferao de vetores de
totalidade dos imveis rurais no Brasil. Que caracterstica doenas, alm de contaminarem o solo e as guas.
da estrutura fundiria brasileira est evidenciada no provocam o fenmeno da chuva cida, devido aos
JUiFRDSUHVHQWDGR" gases oriundos da decomposio da matria orgnica.
so instalados prximos ao centro das cidades,
A concentrao de terras nas mos de poucos. afetando toda a populao que circula diariamente
A existncia de poucas terras agricultveis. na rea.
O domnio territorial dos minifndios. so responsveis pelo desaparecimento das
A primazia da agricultura familiar. nascentes na regio onde so instalados, o que leva
A debilidade dos plantations modernos. escassez de gua.
CH - 1 dia | Caderno 4 - ROSA - Pgina 1

Questo 5
A evoluo do processo de transformao de matrias-
primas em produtos acabados ocorreu em trs estgios:
artesanato, manufatura e maquinofatura.
Um desses estgios foi o artesanato, em que se
trabalhava conforme o ritmo das mquinas e de
maneira padronizada.
trabalhava geralmente sem o uso de mquinas e de
modo diferente do modelo de produo em srie.
empregavam fontes de energia abundantes para o
funcionamento das mquinas.
realizava parte da produo por cada operrio, com
uso de mquinas e trabalho assalariado.
faziam interferncias do processo produtivo por
tcnicos e gerentes com vistas a determinar o ritmo
de produo.
Questo 6
A serraria construa ramais ferrovirios que adentravam
as grandes matas, onde grandes locomotivas com
guindastes e correntes gigantescas de mais de 100
PHWURV DUUDVWDYDP SDUD DV FRPSRVLo}HV GH WUHP DV
toras que jaziam abatidas por equipes de trabalhadores
que anteriormente passavam pelo local. Quando o
guindaste arrastava as grandes toras em direo
composio de trem, os ervais nativos que existiam em
meio s matas eram destrudos por este deslocamento.
MACHADO, P. P. Lideranas do Contestado. Campinas: Unicamp, 2004 (adaptado).
No incio do sculo XX, uma srie de empreendimentos
capitalistas chegou regio do meio-oeste de Santa
Catarina ferrovias, serrarias e projetos de colonizao.
Os impactos sociais gerados por esse processo esto na
origem da chamada Guerra do Contestado. Entre tais
impactos, encontrava-se
a absoro dos trabalhadores rurais como
trabalhadores da serraria, resultando em um
processo de xodo rural.
o desemprego gerado pela introduo das novas
mquinas, que diminuam a necessidade de mo de
obra.
a desorganizao da economia tradicional, que
sustentava os posseiros e os trabalhadores rurais da
regio.
a diminuio do poder dos grandes coronis da
regio, que passavam disputar o poder poltico com
os novos agentes.
 R FUHVFLPHQWR GRV FRQLWRV HQWUH RV RSHUiULRV
empregados nesses empreendimentos e os seus
proprietrios, ligados ao capital internacional.
2010
Questo 7
Pensando nas correntes e prestes a entrar no brao que
deriva da Corrente do Golfo para o norte, lembrei-me de
um vidro de caf solvel vazio. Coloquei no vidro uma
nota cheia de zeros, uma bola cor rosa-choque. Anotei
a posio e data: Latitude 4949 N, Longitude 2349 W.
Tampei e joguei na gua. Nunca imaginei que receberia
uma carta com a foto de um menino noruegus,
segurando a bolinha e a estranha nota.
KLINK, A. Parati: entre dois plos. So Paulo: Companhia das Letras, 1998 (adaptado).
1RWH[WRRDXWRUDQRWDVXDFRRUGHQDGDJHRJUiFDTXHp
a relao que se estabelece entre as distncias
representadas no mapa e as distncias reais da
superfcie cartografada.
o registro de que os paralelos so verticais e
convergem para os polos, e os meridianos so
crculos imaginrios, horizontais e equidistantes.
a informao de um conjunto de linhas imaginrias
que permitem localizar um ponto ou acidente
JHRJUiFRQDVXSHUItFLHWHUUHVWUH
a latitude como distncia em graus entre um ponto
e o Meridiano de Greenwich, e a longitude como a
distncia em graus entre um ponto e o Equador.
 D IRUPD GH SURMHomR FDUWRJUiFD XVDGR SDUD
navegao, onde os meridianos e paralelos
distorcem a superfcie do planeta.
Questo 8
TEIXEIRA, W. et. al. (Orgs.) Decifrando a Terra.
So Paulo: Companhia Editora Nacional, 2009 (adaptado).
O esquema mostra depsitos em que aparecem fsseis
de animais do Perodo Jurssico. As rochas em que se
encontram esses fsseis so
PDJPiWLFDV SRLV D DomR GH YXOF}HV FDXVRX DV
PDLRUHVH[WLQo}HVGHVVHVDQLPDLVMiFRQKHFLGDVDR
longo da histria terrestre.
sedimentares, pois os restos podem ter sido soterrados
HOLWLFDGRVFRPRUHVWDQWHGRVVHGLPHQWRV
magmticas, pois so as rochas mais facilmente
erodidas, possibilitando a formao de tocas que
foram posteriormente lacradas.
sedimentares, j que cada uma das camadas
HQFRQWUDGDVQDJXUDVLPEROL]DXPHYHQWRGHHURVmR
dessa rea representada.
PHWDPyUFDV SRLV RV DQLPDLV UHSUHVHQWDGRV
precisavam estar perto de locais quentes.
CH - 1 dia | Caderno 4 - ROSA - Pgina 2
 2010
Figura para as questes 9 e 10 Questo 11
A Inglaterra pedia lucros e recebia lucros. Tudo se
transformava em lucro. As cidades tinham sua sujeira
lucrativa, suas favelas lucrativas, sua fumaa lucrativa,
sua desordem lucrativa, sua ignorncia lucrativa, seu
desespero lucrativo. As novas fbricas e os novos
altos-fornos eram como as Pirmides, mostrando mais a
escravizao do homem que seu poder.
DEANE, P. A Revoluo Industrial. Rio de Janeiro: Zahar, 1979 (adaptado).

Qual relao estabelecida no texto entre os avanos

tecnolgicos ocorridos no contexto da Revoluo
Industrial Inglesa e as caractersticas das cidades
LQGXVWULDLVQRLQtFLRGRVpFXOR;,;"

 $ IDFLOLGDGH HP VH HVWDEHOHFHU UHODo}HV OXFUDWLYDV

transformava as cidades em espaos privilegiados
para a livre iniciativa, caracterstica da nova
sociedade capitalista.
TEIXEIRA, W. et al. (Orgs). Decifrando a Terra. So Paulo: Companhia Editora Nacional, 2009.
O desenvolvimento de mtodos de planejamento
XUEDQRDXPHQWDYDDHFLrQFLDGRWUDEDOKRLQGXVWULDO
A construo de ncleos urbanos integrados por
Questo 9 meios de transporte facilitava o deslocamento dos
O esquema representa um processo de eroso em trabalhadores das periferias at as fbricas.
A grandiosidade dos prdios onde se localizavam
encosta. Que prtica realizada por um agricultor pode
as fbricas revelava os avanos da engenharia e da
UHVXOWDUHPDFHOHUDomRGHVVHSURFHVVR"
arquitetura do perodo, transformando as cidades em
locais de experimentao esttica e artstica.
Plantio direto. O alto nvel de explorao dos trabalhadores
Associao de culturas. industriais ocasionava o surgimento de aglomerados
Implantao de curvas de nvel. XUEDQRV PDUFDGRV SRU SpVVLPDV FRQGLo}HV GH
Arao do solo, do topo ao vale. moradia, sade e higiene.
Terraceamento na propriedade. Questo 12
O G-20 o grupo que rene os pases do G-7, os mais
Questo 10 industrializados do mundo (EUA, Japo, Alemanha,
Frana, Reino Unido, Itlia e Canad), a Unio Europeia
Muitos processos erosivos se concentram nas encostas, e os principais emergentes (Brasil, Rssia, ndia, China,
principalmente aqueles motivados pela gua e pelo frica do Sul, Arbia Saudita, Argentina, Austrlia,
YHQWR1RHQWDQWRRVUHH[RVWDPEpPVmRVHQWLGRVQDV Coreia do Sul, Indonsia, Mxico e Turquia). Esse grupo
reas de baixada, onde geralmente h ocupao urbana. de pases vem ganhando fora nos fruns internacionais
8PH[HPSORGHVVHVUHH[RVQDYLGDFRWLGLDQDGHPXLWDV de deciso e consulta.
cidades brasileiras ALLAN, R. Crise global. Disponvel em: http://conteudoclippingmp.planejamento.gov.br.
Acesso em: 31 jul.2010.

a maior ocorrncia de enchentes, j que os rios

assoreados comportam menos gua em seus leitos. Entre os pases emergentes que formam o G-20, esto
a contaminao da populao pelos sedimentos os chamados BRIC (Brasil, Rssia, ndia e China), termo
criado em 2001 para referir-se aos pases que
trazidos pelo rio e carregados de matria orgnica.
o desgaste do solo nas reas urbanas, causado
apresentam caractersticas econmicas promissoras
SHOD UHGXomR GR HVFRDPHQWR VXSHUFLDO SOXYLDO QD
para as prximas dcadas.
encosta.
possuem base tecnolgica mais elevada.
a maior facilidade de captao de gua potvel para
apresentam ndices de igualdade social e econmica
o abastecimento pblico, j que maior o efeito do
mais acentuados.
HVFRDPHQWRVREUHDLQOWUDomR
 DSUHVHQWDP GLYHUVLGDGH DPELHQWDO VXFLHQWH SDUD
o aumento da incidncia de doenas como a
impulsionar a economia global.
amebase na populao urbana, em decorrncia do
possuem similaridades culturais capazes de
escoamento de gua poluda do topo das encostas.
alavancar a economia mundial.
CH - 1 dia | Caderno 4 - ROSA - Pgina 3

Questo 13
As secas e o apelo econmico da borracha produto
TXH QR QDO GR VpFXOR ;,; DOFDQoDYD SUHoRV DOWRV QRV
mercados internacionais motivaram a movimentao
de massas humanas oriundas do Nordeste do Brasil para
o Acre. Entretanto, at o incio do sculo XX, essa regio
pertencia Bolvia, embora a maioria da sua populao
fosse brasileira e no obedecesse autoridade boliviana.
Para reagir presena de brasileiros, o governo de
La Paz negociou o arrendamento da regio a uma
entidade internacional, o Bolivian Syndicate, iniciando
YLROHQWDVGLVSXWDVGRVGRLVODGRVGDIURQWHLUD2FRQLWR
s terminou em 1903, com a assinatura do Tratado de
Petrpolis, pelo qual o Brasil comprou o territrio por 2
PLOK}HVGHOLEUDVHVWHUOLQDV
Disponvel em: www.mre.gov.br. Acesso em: 03 nov.2008 (adaptado).
Compreendendo o contexto em que ocorreram os
fatos apresentados, o Acre tornou-se parte do territrio
nacional brasileiro
pela formalizao do Tratado de Petrpolis, que
indenizava o Brasil pela sua anexao.
por meio do auxlio do Bolivian Syndicate aos
emigrantes brasileiros na regio.
devido crescente emigrao de brasileiros que
exploravam os seringais.
em funo da presena de inmeros imigrantes
estrangeiros na regio.
pela indenizao que os emigrantes brasileiros
pagaram Bolvia.
Questo 14
A usina hidreltrica de Belo Monte ser construda no rio
Xingu, no municpio de Vitria de Xingu, no Par. A usina
ser a terceira maior do mundo e a maior totalmente
brasileira, com capacidade de 11,2 mil megawatts. Os
ndios do Xingu tomam a paisagem com seus cocares,
DUFRV H HFKDV (P $OWDPLUD QR 3DUi DJULFXOWRUHV
fecharam estradas de uma regio que ser inundada
pelas guas da usina.
BACOCCINA, D.; QUEIROZ, G.; BORGES, R. Fim do leilo, comeo da confuso.
Isto Dinheiro. Ano 13, n. 655, 28 abr. 2010 (adaptado).
Os impasses, resiVWrQFLDVHGHVDRVDVVRFLDGRVjFRQVWUXomR
da Usina Hidreltrica de Belo Monte esto relacionados
ao potencial hidreltrico dos rios no norte e nordeste
TXDQGR FRPSDUDGRV jV EDFLDV KLGURJUiFDV GDV
UHJL}HV6XO6XGHVWHH&HQWUR2HVWHGRSDtV
necessidade de equilibrar e compatibilizar o
investimento no crescimento do pas com os esforos
para a conservao ambiental.
grande quantidade de recursos disponveis para as
obras e escassez dos recursos direcionados para o
pagamento pela desapropriao das terras.
ao direito histrico dos indgenas posse dessas
terras e ausncia de reconhecimento desse direito
por parte das empreiteiras.
ao aproveitamento da mo de obra especializada
disponvel na regio Norte e o interesse das
FRQVWUXWRUDVQDYLQGDGHSURVVLRQDLVGR6XGHVWH
do pas.
2010
Questo 15
No dia 28 de fevereiro de 1985, era inaugurada a
Estrada de Ferro Carajs, pertencente e diretamente
operada pela Companhia Vale do Rio Doce (CVRD), na
regio Norte do pas, ligando o interior ao principal porto
da regio, em So Lus. Por seus, aproximadamente,
TXLO{PHWURVGHOLQKDSDVVDPKRMHYDJ}HVH
100 locomotivas.
Disponvel em: http://www.transportes.gov.br.Acesso em: 27 jul. 2010 (adaptado).
A ferrovia em questo de extrema importncia para a
logstica do setor primrio da economia brasileira, em
HVSHFLDOSDUDSRUo}HVGRVHVWDGRVGR3DUiH0DUDQKmR
Um argumento que destaca a importncia estratgica
dessa poro do territrio a
produo de energia para as principais reas
industriais do pas.
produo sustentvel de recursos minerais no metlicos.
capacidade de produo de minerais metlicos.
logstica de importao de matrias-primas industriais.
produo de recursos minerais energticos.
Questo 16
O Imprio Inca, que corresponde principalmente aos
territrios da Bolvia e do Peru, chegou a englobar
enorme contingente populacional. Cuzco, a cidade
sagrada, era o centro administrativo, com uma sociedade
IRUWHPHQWH HVWUDWLFDGD H FRPSRVWD SRU LPSHUDGRUHV
nobres, sacerdotes, funcionrios do governo, artesos,
camponeses, escravos e soldados. A religio contava
com vrios deuses, e a base da economia era a
agricultura, principalmente o cultivo da batata e do milho.
A principal caracterstica da sociedade inca era a
ditadura teocrtica, que igualava a todos.
existncia da igualdade social e da coletivizao da terra.
estrutura social desigual compensada pela
coletivizao de todos os bens.
existncia de mobilidade social, o que levou
composio da elite pelo mrito.
impossibilidade de se mudar de extrato social e a
existncia de uma aristocracia hereditria.
Rascunho
CH - 1 dia | Caderno 4 - ROSA - Pgina 4

Questo 17
Coube aos Xavante e aos Timbira, povos indgenas
do Cerrado, um recente e marcante gesto simblico: a
realizao de sua tradicional corrida de toras (de buriti)
em plena Avenida Paulista (SP), para denunciar o cerco
de suas terras e a degradao de seus entornos pelo
avano do agronegcio.
RICARDO, B.; RICARDO, F. Povos indgenas do Brasil: 2001-2005.
So Paulo: Instituto Socioambiental, 2006 (adaptado).
A questo indgena contempornea no Brasil evidencia
a relao dos usos socioculturais da terra com os
atuais problemas socioambientais, caracterizados pelas
WHQV}HVHQWUH
a expanso territorial do agronegcio, em especial
QDV UHJL}HV &HQWUR2HVWH H 1RUWH H DV OHLV GH
proteo indgena e ambiental.
os grileiros articuladores do agronegcio e os povos
indgenas pouco organizados no Cerrado.
as leis mais brandas sobre o uso tradicional do meio
ambiente e as severas leis sobre o uso capitalista do
meio ambiente.
os povos indgenas do Cerrado e os polos econmicos
representados pelas elites industriais paulistas.
o campo e a cidade no Cerrado, que faz com que as
WHUUDVLQGtJHQDVGDOLVHMDPDOYRGHLQYDV}HVXUEDQDV
Questo 18
Os vestgios dos povos Tupi-guarani encontram-se
GHVGHDV0LVV}HVHRULRGD3UDWDDRVXODWpR1RUGHVWH
com algumas ocorrncias ainda mal conhecidas no
sul da Amaznia. A leste, ocupavam toda a faixa
litornea, desde o Rio Grande do Sul at o Maranho.
A oeste, aparecem (no rio da Prata) no Paraguai e nas
terras baixas da Bolvia. Evitam as terras inundveis
do Pantanal e marcam sua presena discretamente
nos cerrados do Brasil central. De fato, ocuparam, de
SUHIHUrQFLDDVUHJL}HVGHRUHVWDWURSLFDOHVXEWURSLFDO
PROUS, A. O Brasil antes dos brasileiros. Rio de Janeiro: Jorge Zahar Editor, 2005.
2VSRYRVLQGtJHQDVFLWDGRVSRVVXtDPWUDGLo}HVFXOWXUDLV
HVSHFtFDV TXH RV GLVWLQJXLDP GH RXWUDV VRFLHGDGHV
indgenas e dos colonizadores europeus. Entre as
WUDGLo}HVWXSLJXDUDQLGHVWDFDYDVH
2010
Questo 19
2V WURSHLURV IRUDP JXUDV GHFLVLYDV QD IRUPDomR GH
vilarejos e cidades do Brasil colonial. A palavra tropeiro
vem de tropa que, no passado, se referia ao conjunto
de homens que transportava gado e mercadoria. Por
volta do sculo XVIII, muita coisa era levada de um
lugar a outro no lombo de mulas. O tropeirismo acabou
associado atividade mineradora, cujo auge foi a
explorao de ouro em Minas Gerais e, mais tarde,
em Gois. A extrao de pedras preciosas tambm
atraiu grandes contingentes populacionais para as
novas reas e, por isso, era cada vez mais necessrio
dispor de alimentos e produtos bsicos. A alimentao
dos tropeiros era constituda por toucinho, feijo preto,
farinha, pimenta-do-reino, caf, fub e coit (um
molho de vinagre com fruto custico espremido). Nos
pousos, os tropeiros comiam feijo quase sem molho
com pedaos de carne de sol e toucinho, que era
servido com farofa e couve picada. O feijo tropeiro
um dos pratos tpicos da cozinha mineira e recebe
esse nome porque era preparado pelos cozinheiros
das tropas que conduziam o gado.
Disponvel em:http://www.tribunadoplanalto.com.br. Acesso em: 27 nov. 2008.
A criao do feijo tropeiro na culinria brasileira est
relacionada
atividade comercial exercida pelos homens que
trabalhavam nas minas.
atividade culinria exercida pelos moradores
FR]LQKHLURVTXHYLYLDPQDVUHJL}HVGDVPLQDV
atividade mercantil exercida pelos homens que
transportavam gado e mercadoria.
atividade agropecuria exercida pelos tropeiros
que necessitavam dispor de alimentos.
atividade mineradora exercida pelos tropeiros no
auge da explorao do ouro.
Rascunho

a organizao em aldeias politicamente independentes,

dirigidas por um chefe, eleito pelos indivduos mais
velhos da tribo.
a ritualizao da guerra entre as tribos e o carter
semissedentrio de sua organizao social.
 DFRQTXLVWDGHWHUUDVPHGLDQWHRSHUDo}HVPLOLWDUHV
o que permitiu seu domnio sobre vasto territrio.
o carter pastoril de sua economia, que prescindia
da agricultura para investir na criao de animais.
o desprezo pelos rituais antropofgicos praticados
em outras sociedades indgenas.
CH - 1 dia | Caderno 4 - ROSA - Pgina 5
 2010
Questo 20 Questo 21
4XHPFRQVWUXLXD7HEDVGHVHWHSRUWDV" 1HJUR OKR GH HVFUDYD H GDOJR SRUWXJXrV R EDLDQR
Nos livros esto nomes de reis. Luiz Gama fez da lei e das letras suas armas na luta pela
$UUDVWDUDPHOHVRVEORFRVGHSHGUD" liberdade. Foi vendido ilegalmente como escravo pelo seu
E a Babilnia vrias vezes destruda. Quem a reconstruiu pai para cobrir dvidas de jogo. Sabendo ler e escrever,
WDQWDVYH]HV" aos 18 anos de idade conseguiu provas de que havia
nascido livre. Autodidata, advogado sem diploma, fez do
(PTXHFDVDVGD/LPDGRXUDGDPRUDYDPRVFRQVWUXWRUHV" GLUHLWRRVHXRFLRHWUDQVIRUPRXVHHPSRXFRWHPSRHP
Para onde foram os pedreiros, na noite em que a Muralha proeminente advogado da causa abolicionista.
GD&KLQDFRXSURQWD"
A grande Roma est cheia de arcos do triunfo. AZEVEDO, E. O Orfeu de carapinha. In: Revista de Histria. Ano1, no 3.
Rio de Janeiro: Biblioteca Nacional, jan. 2004 (adaptado).
4XHPRVHUJXHX"6REUHTXHPWULXQIDUDPRVFpVDUHV"
BRECHT, B. Perguntas de um trabalhador que l. Disponvel em: http://recantodasletras.uol.com.br. A conquista da liberdade pelos afro-brasileiros na
Acesso em: 28 abr. 2010. segunda metade do sc. XIX foi resultado de importantes
OXWDV VRFLDLV FRQGLFLRQDGDV KLVWRULFDPHQWH $ ELRJUDD
3DUWLQGRGDVUHH[}HVGHXPWUDEDOKDGRUTXHOrXPOLYUR GH/XL]*DPDH[HPSOLFDD
de Histria, o autor censura a memria construda sobre
determinados monumentos e acontecimentos histricos. impossibilidade de ascenso social do negro forro em uma
A crtica refere-se ao fato de que sociedade escravocrata, mesmo sendo alfabetizado.
os agentes histricos de uma determinada sociedade  H[WUHPD GLFXOGDGH GH SURMHomR GRV LQWHOHFWXDLV
deveriam ser aqueles que realizaram feitos heroicos negros nesse contexto e a utilizao do Direito como
RXJUDQGLRVRVHSRULVVRFDUDPQDPHPyULD canal de luta pela liberdade.
a Histria deveria se preocupar em memorizar os rigidez de uma sociedade, assentada na escravido,
QRPHVGHUHLVRXGRVJRYHUQDQWHVGDVFLYLOL]Do}HV que inviabilizava os mecanismos de ascenso social.
que se desenvolveram ao longo do tempo. possibilidade de ascenso social, viabilizada pelo
os grandes monumentos histricos foram construdos DSRLR GDV HOLWHV GRPLQDQWHV D XP PHVWLoR OKR GH
por trabalhadores, mas sua memria est vinculada pai portugus.
aos governantes das sociedades que os construram. troca de favores entre um representante negro e
os trabalhadores consideram que a Histria a elite agrria escravista que outorgara o direito
uma cincia de difcil compreenso, pois trata de advocatcio ao mesmo.
sociedades antigas e distantes no tempo.
 DV FLYLOL]Do}HV FLWDGDV QR WH[WR HPERUD PXLWR Questo 22
importantes, permanecem sem terem sido alvos de
pesquisas histricas. Substitui-se ento uma histria crtica, profunda, por
uma crnica de detalhes onde o patriotismo e a bravura
dos nossos soldados encobrem a vilania dos motivos
Rascunho que levaram a Inglaterra a armar brasileiros e argentinos
para a destruio da mais gloriosa repblica que j se
viu na Amrica Latina, a do Paraguai.
CHIAVENATTO, J. J. Genocdio americano: A Guerra do Paraguai.
So Paulo: Brasiliense, 1979 (adaptado).

O imperialismo ingls, destruindo o Paraguai, mantm o status

quo na Amrica Meridional, impedindo a ascenso do seu
nico Estado economicamente livre. Essa teoria conspiratria
vai contra a realidade dos fatos e no tem provas documentais.
Contudo essa teoria tem alguma repercusso.
DORATIOTO, F. Maldita guerra: nova histria da Guerra do Paraguai.
So Paulo: Cia. das Letras, 2002 (adaptado).

Uma leitura dessas narrativas divergentes demonstra

TXHDPEDVHVWmRUHHWLQGRVREUH

a carncia de fontes para a pesquisa sobre os reais

motivos dessa Guerra.
R FDUiWHU SRVLWLYLVWD GDV GLIHUHQWHV YHUV}HV VREUH
essa Guerra.
RUHVXOWDGRGDVLQWHUYHQo}HVEULWkQLFDVQRVFHQiULRV
de batalha.
D GLFXOGDGH GH HODERUDU H[SOLFDo}HV FRQYLQFHQWHV
sobre os motivos dessa Guerra.
RQtYHOGHFUXHOGDGHGDVDo}HVGRH[pUFLWREUDVLOHLUR
HDUJHQWLQRGXUDQWHRFRQLWR
CH - 1 dia | Caderno 4 - ROSA - Pgina 6

Questo 23
As runas do povoado de Canudos, no serto norte da
%DKLD DOpP GH VLJQLFDWLYDV SDUD D LGHQWLGDGH FXOWXUDO
GHVVDUHJLmRVmR~WHLVjVLQYHVWLJDo}HVVREUHD*XHUUD
de Canudos e o modo de vida dos antigos revoltosos.
Essas runas foram reconhecidas como patrimnio
cultural material pelo Iphan (Instituto do Patrimnio
Histrico e Artstico Nacional) porque renem um
conjunto de
objetos arqueolgicos e paisagsticos.
 DFHUYRVPXVHROyJLFRVHELEOLRJUiFRV
 Q~FOHRVXUEDQRVHHWQRJUiFRV
 SUiWLFDVHUHSUHVHQWDo}HVGHXPDVRFLHGDGH
 H[SUHVV}HVHWpFQLFDVGHXPDVRFLHGDGHH[WLQWD
Questo 24
I - Para consolidar-se como governo, a Repblica
precisava eliminar as arestas, conciliar-se com o
passado monarquista, incorporar distintas vertentes do
republicanismo. Tiradentes no deveria ser visto como
heri republicano radical, mas sim como heri cvico-
religioso, como mrtir, integrador, portador da imagem
do povo inteiro.
CARVALHO, J. M. C. A formao das almas: O imaginrio da Repblica no Brasil.
So Paulo: Companhia das Letras, 1990.
I Ei-lo, o gigante da praa,/ O Cristo da multido!
Tiradentes quem passa / Deixem passar o Tito.
ALVES, C. Gonzaga ou a revoluo de Minas. In: CARVALHO. J. M.C. A formao das
almas: O imaginrio da Repblica no Brasil. So Paulo: Companhia das Letras, 1990.
A 1 Repblica brasileira, nos seus primrdios, precisava
FRQVWLWXLU XPD JXUD KHURLFD FDSD] GH FRQJUHJDU
diferenas e sustentar simbolicamente o novo regime.
2SWDQGRSHODJXUDGH7LUDGHQWHVGHL[RXGHODGRJXUDV
como Frei Caneca ou Bento Gonalves. A transformao
GR LQFRQGHQWH HP KHUyL QDFLRQDO HYLGHQFLD TXH R
esforo de construo de um simbolismo por parte da
Repblica estava relacionado
DRFDUiWHUQDFLRQDOLVWDHUHSXEOLFDQRGD,QFRQGrQFLD
evidenciado nas ideias e na atuao de Tiradentes.
j LGHQWLFDomR GD &RQMXUDomR 0LQHLUD FRPR R
movimento precursor do positivismo brasileiro.
ao fato de a proclamao da Repblica ter sido
um movimento de poucas razes populares, que
precisava de legitimao.
semelhana fsica entre Tiradentes e Jesus, que
proporcionaria, a um povo catlico como o brasileiro,
XPDIiFLOLGHQWLFDomR
ao fato de Frei Caneca e Bento Gonalves terem
liderado movimentos separatistas no Nordeste e no
Sul do pas.
CH - 1 dia | Caderno 4 - ROSA - Pgina 7
2010
Questo 25
Em 2008 foram comemorados os 200 anos da mudana
da famlia real portuguesa para o Brasil, onde foi
instalada a sede do reino. Uma sequncia de eventos
importantes ocorreu no perodo 1808-1821, durante os
13 anos em que D. Joo VI e a famlia real portuguesa
permaneceram no Brasil.
Entre esses eventos, destacam-se os seguintes:
 %DKLD3DUDGDGRQDYLRTXHWUD]LDDIDPtOLD
real portuguesa para o Brasil, sob a proteo da
marinha britnica, fugindo de um possvel ataque de
Napoleo.
 5LRGH-DQHLURGHVHPEDUTXHGDIDPtOLDUHDO
portuguesa na cidade onde residiriam durante sua
permanncia no Brasil.
 6DOYDGRU'-RmR9,DVVLQDDFDUWDUpJLDGH
DEHUWXUDGRVSRUWRVDRFRPpUFLRGHWRGDVDVQDo}HV
amigas, ato antecipadamente negociado com a
Inglaterra em troca da escolta dada esquadra
portuguesa.
 5LR GH -DQHLUR   ' -RmR 9, WRUQDVH UHL GR
Brasil e de Portugal, devido morte de sua me, D.
Maria I.
 3HUQDPEXFR   $V WURSDV GH ' -RmR 9,
sufocam a revoluo republicana.
GOMES, L. 1808: como uma rainha louca, um prncipe medroso e uma corte corrupta
enganaram Napoleo e mudaram a histria de Portugal e do Brasil.
So Paulo: Editora Planeta, 2007 (adaptado).
Uma das consequncias desses eventos foi
a decadncia do imprio britnico, em razo do
contrabando de produtos ingleses atravs dos portos
brasileiros.
 R P GR FRPpUFLR GH HVFUDYRV QR %UDVLO SRUTXH D
,QJODWHUUDGHFUHWDUDHPDSURLELomRGRWUiFR
de escravos em seus domnios.
a conquista da regio do rio da Prata em represlia
aliana entre a Espanha e a Frana de Napoleo.
a abertura de estradas, que permitiu o rompimento do
isolamento que vigorava entre as provncias do pas, o
TXHGLFXOWDYDDFRPXQLFDomRDQWHVGH
o grande desenvolvimento econmico de Portugal
aps a vinda de D. Joo VI para o Brasil, uma vez
que cessaram as despesas de manuteno do rei e
de sua famlia.
Rascunho
 2010
Questo 26 Questo 28

Eu, o Prncipe Regente, fao saber aos que o presente
Alvar virem: que desejando promover e adiantar a
riqueza nacional, e sendo um dos mananciais dela as
manufaturas e a indstria, sou servido abolir e revogar
A poltica foi, inicialmente, a arte de impedir as pessoas
de se ocuparem do que lhes diz respeito. Posteriormente,
passou a ser a arte de compelir as pessoas a decidirem
sobre aquilo de que nada entendem.
VALRY, P. Cadernos. Apud BENEVIDES, M. V. M. A cidadania ativa. So Paulo: tica, 1996.

toda e qualquer proibio que haja a este respeito no

Estado do Brasil.
Alvar de liberdade para as indstrias (1 de Abril de 1808). In Bonavides, P.; Amaral, R.
Textos polticos da Histria do Brasil.Vol. 1. Braslia: Senado Federal, 2002 (adaptado).
O projeto industrializante de D.Joo, conforme expresso
no alvar, no se concretizou. Que caractersticas desse
SHUtRGRH[SOLFDPHVVHIDWR"
1HVVD GHQLomR R DXWRU Hntende que a histria da
poltica est dividida em dois momentos principais: um
primeiro, marcado pelo autoritarismo excludente, e um
segundo, caracterizado por uma democracia incompleta.
Considerando o texto, qual o elemento comum a esses
GRLVPRPHQWRVGDKLVWyULDSROtWLFD"

A distribuio equilibrada do poder.

A ocupao de Portugal pelas tropas francesas e o
O impedimento da participao popular.
fechamento das manufaturas portuguesas.  2FRQWUROHGDVGHFLV}HVSRUXPDPLQRULD
A dependncia portuguesa da Inglaterra e o  $YDORUL]DomRGDVRSLQL}HVPDLVFRPSHWHQWHV
predomnio industrial ingls sobre suas redes de A sistematizao dos processos decisrios.
comrcio.
$ GHVFRQDQoD GD EXUJXHVLD LQGXVWULDO FRORQLDO Questo 29
diante da chegada da famlia real portuguesa. O artigo 402 do Cdigo penal Brasileiro de 1890 dizia:
O confronto entre a Frana e a Inglaterra e a Fazer nas ruas e praas pblicas exerccios de agilidade
posio dbia assumida por Portugal no comrcio e destreza corporal, conhecidos pela denominao
internacional. de capoeiragem: andar em correrias, com armas ou
O atraso industrial da colnia provocado pela perda instrumentos capazes de produzir uma leso corporal,
de mercados para as indstrias portuguesas. provocando tumulto ou desordens.
Pena: Priso de dois a seis meses.
Questo 27 SOARES, C. E. L. A Negregada instituio: os capoeiras no Rio de Janeiro: 1850-1890.
Rio de Janeiro: Secretaria Municipal de Cultura, 1994 (adaptado).

O prncipe, portanto, no deve se incomodar com a

reputao de cruel, se seu propsito manter o povo O artigo do primeiro Cdigo Penal Republicano naturaliza
unido e leal. De fato, com uns poucos exemplos duros medidas socialmente excludentes. Nesse contexto, tal
poder ser mais clemente do que outros que, por muita regulamento expressava
piedade, permitem os distrbios que levem ao assassnio
a manuteno de parte da legislao do Imprio com
e ao roubo.
MAQUIAVEL, N. O Prncipe. So Paulo: Martin Claret, 2009. vistas ao controle da criminalidade urbana.
a defesa do retorno do cativeiro e escravido pelos
No sculo XVI, Maquiavel escreveu O Prncipe,
primeiros governos do perodo republicano.
UHH[mR VREUH D 0RQDUTXLD H D IXQomR GR JRYHUQDQWH
o carter disciplinador de uma sociedade
A manuteno da ordem social, segundo esse autor,
industrializada, desejosa de um equilbrio entre
baseava-se na
progresso e civilizao.

inrcia do julgamento de crimes polmicos. a criminalizao de prticas culturais e a persistncia

bondade em relao ao comportamento dos mercenrios. de valores que vinculavam certos grupos ao passado

 FRPSDL[mRTXDQWRjFRQGHQDomRGHWUDQVJUHVV}HVUHOLJLRVDV de escravido.

neutralidade diante da condenao dos servos. o poder do regime escravista, que mantinha os negros

convenincia entre o poder tirnico e a moral do prncipe como categoria social inferior, discriminada e segregada.

CH - 1 dia | Caderno 4 - ROSA - Pgina 8


Questo 30
Em nosso pas queremos substituir o egosmo pela
moral, a honra pela probidade, os usos pelos princpios,
as convenincias pelos deveres, a tirania da moda pelo
imprio da razo, o desprezo desgraa pelo desprezo ao
vcio, a insolncia pelo orgulho, a vaidade pela grandeza
de alma, o amor ao dinheiro pelo amor glria, a boa
companhia pelas boas pessoas, a intriga pelo mrito, o
espirituoso pelo gnio, o brilho pela verdade, o tdio da
volpia pelo encanto da felicidade, a mesquinharia dos
grandes pela grandeza do homem.
HUNT, L. Revoluo Francesa e Vida Privada. in: PERROT, M. (Org). Histria da Vida Privada: da
Revoluo Francesa Primeira Guerra. Vol.4. So Paulo: Companhia das Letras,1991(adaptado).
2010
Questo 32
No difcil entender o que ocorreu no Brasil nos anos
imediatamente anteriores ao golpe militar de 1964. A
diminuio da oferta de empregos e a desvalorizao dos
VDOiULRVSURYRFDGDVSHODLQDomROHYDUDPDXPDLQWHQVD
mobilizao poltica popular, marcada por sucessivas
RQGDVJUHYLVWDVGHYiULDVFDWHJRULDVSURVVLRQDLVRTXH
DSURIXQGRX DV WHQV}HV VRFLDLV 'HVVD YH] DV FODVVHV
trabalhadoras se recusaram a pagar o pato pelas sobras
do modelo econmico juscelinista.
MENDONA, S. R. A Industrializao Brasileira. So Paulo: Moderna, 2002 (adaptado).

O discurso de Robespierre, de 5 de fevereiro de 1794, do 6HJXQGRRWH[WRRVFRQLWRVVRFLDLVRFRUULGRVQRLQtFLR

qual o trecho transcrito parte, relaciona-se a qual dos dos anos 1960 decorreram principalmente
JUXSRVSROtWLFRVRFLDLVHQYROYLGRVQD5HYROXomR)UDQFHVD"
da manipulao poltica empreendida pelo governo
alta burguesia, que desejava participar do poder Joo Goulart.
legislativo francs como fora poltica dominante.  GDV FRQWUDGLo}HV HFRQ{PLFDV GR PRGHOR
Ao clero francs, que desejava justia social e era
desenvolvimentista.
ligado alta burguesia.
do poder poltico adquirido pelos sindicatos
A militares oriundos da pequena e mdia burguesia,
populistas.
que derrotaram as potncias rivais e queriam
reorganizar a Frana internamente. da desmobilizao das classes dominantes frente ao
nobreza esclarecida, que, em funo do seu avano das greves.
contato com os intelectuais iluministas, desejava da recusa dos sindicatos em aceitar mudanas na
extinguir o absolutismo francs. legislao trabalhista.
Aos representantes da pequena e mdia burguesia
Questo 33
e das camadas populares, que desejavam justia
social e direitos polticos. De maro de 1931 a fevereiro de 1940, foram
decretadas mais de 150 leis novas de proteo social
Questo 31
e de regulamentao do trabalho em todos os seus
Aps a abdicao de D. Pedro I, o Brasil atravessou setores. Todas elas tm sido simplesmente uma ddiva
um perodo marcado por inmeras crises: as diversas do governo. Desde a, o trabalhador brasileiro encontra
IRUoDV SROtWLFDV OXWDYDP SHOR SRGHU H DV UHLYLQGLFDo}HV nos quadros gerais do regime o seu verdadeiro lugar.
DANTAS, M. A fora nacionalizadora do Estado Novo. Rio de Janeiro: DIP, 1942. Apud BERCITO, S.
SRSXODUHV HUDP SRU PHOKRUHV FRQGLo}HV GH YLGD H SHOR R. 1RVWHPSRVGH*HW~OLRGDUHYROXomRGHDRPGR(VWDGR1RYR. So Paulo: Atual, 1990.
GLUHLWRGHSDUWLFLSDomRQDYLGDSROtWLFDGRSDtV2VFRQLWRV
representavam tambm o protesto contra a centralizao A adoo de novas polticas pblicas e as mudanas
do governo. Nesse perodo, ocorreu tambm a expanso jurdico-institucionais ocorridas no Brasil, com a ascenso
da cultura cafeeira e o surgimento do poderoso grupo de Getlio Vargas ao poder, evidenciam o papel histrico
GRV EDU}HV GR FDIp SDUD R TXDO HUD IXQGDPHQWDO D de certas lideranas e a importncia das lutas sociais na
PDQXWHQomRGDHVFUDYLGmRHGRWUiFRQHJUHLUR conquista da cidadania. Desse processo resultou a

O contexto do Perodo Regencial foi marcado criao do Ministrio do Trabalho, Indstria e

Comrcio, que garantiu ao operariado autonomia
por revoltas populares que reclamavam a volta para o exerccio de atividades sindicais.
da monarquia. legislao previdenciria, que proibiu migrantes de
por vrias crises e pela submisso das foras ocuparem cargos de direo nos sindicatos.
polticas ao poder central. criao da Justia do Trabalho, para coibir ideologias
pela luta entre os principais grupos polticos que consideradas perturbadoras da harmonia social.
UHLYLQGLFDYDPPHOKRUHVFRQGLo}HVGHYLGD  OHJLVODomR WUDEDOKLVWD TXH DWHQGHX UHLYLQGLFDo}HV
pelo governo dos chamados regentes, que dos operrios, garantido-lhes vrios direitos e formas
SURPRYHUDPDDVFHQVmRVRFLDOGRVEDU}HVGRFDIp de proteo.
pela convulso poltica e por novas realidades decretao da Consolidao das Leis do Trabalho
econmicas que exigiam o reforo de velhas (CLT), que impediu o controle estatal sobre as
realidades sociais. atividades polticas da classe operria.
CH - 1 dia | Caderno 4 - ROSA - Pgina 9

Questo 34
A lei no nasce da natureza, junto das fontes frequentadas
pelos primeiros pastores; a lei nasce das batalhas reais, das
vitrias, dos massacres, das conquistas que tm sua data e
seus heris de horror: a lei nasce das cidades incendiadas,
das terras devastadas; ela nasce com os famosos inocentes
que agonizam no dia que est amanhecendo.
FOUCAULT, M. Aula de 14 de janeiro de 1976. In: Em defesa da sociedade.
So Paulo: Martins Fontes, 1999.
2010
Questo 36
A chegada da televiso
A caixa de pandora tecnolgica penetra nos lares e libera
suas cabeas falantes, astros, novelas, noticirios e as
IDEXORVDV LUUHVLVWtYHLV JDURWDVSURSDJDQGD YHUV}HV
modernizadas do tradicional homem-sanduche.
SEVCENKO, N. (Org). Histria da Vida Privada no Brasil 3. Repblica: da Belle poque
Era do Rdio. So Paulo: Cia das Letras, 1998.

2 OyVRIR 0LFKHO )RXFDXOW VpF ;; LQRYD DR SHQVDU

A TV, a partir da dcada de 1950, entrou nos lares
a poltica e a lei em relao ao poder e organizao
VRFLDO &RP EDVH QD UHH[mR GH )RXFDXOW D QDOLGDGH brasileiros provocando mudanas considerveis nos
das leis na organizao das sociedades modernas hbitos da populao. Certos episdios da histria
brasileira revelaram que a TV, especialmente como
 FRPEDWHUDo}HVYLROHQWDVQDJXHUUDHQWUHDVQDo}HV espao de ao da imprensa, tornou-se tambm veculo
coagir e servir para refrear a agressividade humana. de utilidade pblica, a favor da democracia, na medida
criar limites entre a guerra e a paz praticadas entre em que
os indivduos de uma mesma nao.
estabelecer princpios ticos que regulamentam as DPSOLFRXRVGLVFXUVRVQDFLRQDOLVWDVHDXWRULWiULRV
Do}HVEpOLFDVHQWUHSDtVHVLQLPLJRV durante o governo Vargas.
 RUJDQL]DUDVUHODo}HVGHSRGHUQDVRFLHGDGHHHQWUH revelou para o pas casos de corrupo na esfera
os Estados. poltica de vrios governos.
Questo 35 maquiou indicadores sociais negativos durante as
Opinio dcadas de 1970 e 1980.
apoiou, no governo Castelo Branco, as iniciativas de
Podem me prender fechamento do parlamento.
Podem me bater
Podem at deixar-me sem comer corroborou a construo de obras faranicas durante
Que eu no mudo de opinio. os governos militares.
Aqui do morro eu no saio no
Aqui do morro eu no saio no. Questo 37
Se no tem gua
Eu furo um poo Os meios de comunicao funcionam como um elo entre
os diferentes segmentos de uma sociedade. Nas ltimas
Se no tem carne dcadas, acompanhamos a insero de um novo meio de
Eu compro um osso e ponho na sopa
E deixa andar, deixa andar... comunicao que supera em muito outros j existentes,
visto que pode contribuir para a democratizao da vida
Falem de mim
social e poltica da sociedade medida que possibilita
Quem quiser falar
Aqui eu no pago aluguel a instituio de mecanismos eletrnicos para a efetiva
Se eu morrer amanh seu doutor, SDUWLFLSDomRSROtWLFDHGLVVHPLQDomRGHLQIRUPDo}HV
Estou pertinho do cu
Z Ketti.Opinio. Disponvel em: http:/www.mpbnet.com.br.
Acesso em: 28 abr.2010.
Constitui o exemplo mais expressivo desse novo
Essa msica fez parte de um importante espetculo tea- conjunto de redes informacionais a
tral que estreou no ano de 1964, no Rio de Janeiro. O pa-
pel exercido pela Msica Popular Brasileira (MPB) nesse
contexto, evidenciado pela letra de msica citada, foi o de Internet.
  EUDyWLFD
entretenimento para os grupos intelectuais.
valorizao do progresso econmico do pas. TV digital.
crtica passividade dos setores populares. telefonia mvel.
denncia da situao social e poltica do pas.
mobilizao dos setores que apoiavam a Ditadura Militar. portabilidade telefnica.
CH - 1 dia | Caderno 4 - ROSA - Pgina 10
 2010
Questo 38 Questo 40
A tica precisa ser compreendida como um Homens da Inglaterra, por que arar para os senhores
empreendimento coletivo a ser constantemente
retomado e rediscutido, porque produto da relao TXHYRVPDQWrPQDPLVpULD"
LQWHUSHVVRDOHVRFLDO$pWLFDVXS}HDLQGDTXHFDGDJUXSR Por que tecer com esforos e cuidado as ricas roupas
social se organize sentindo-se responsvel por todos e
TXHFULHFRQGLo}HVSDUDRH[HUFtFLRGHXPSHQVDUHDJLU TXHYRVVRVWLUDQRVYHVWHP"
autnomos. A relao entre tica e poltica tambm uma Por que alimentar, vestir e poupar do bero at o tmulo
questo de educao e luta pela soberania dos povos. esses parasitas ingratos que exploram vosso suor ah,
necessria uma tica renovada, que se construa a partir
da natureza dos valores sociais para organizar tambm TXHEHEHPYRVVRVDQJXH"
SHELLEY. Os homens da Inglaterra.
uma nova prtica poltica.
Apud HUBERMAN, L. Histria da Riqueza do Homem. Rio de Janeiro: Zahar, 1982.
CORDI et al.3DUDORsofar. So Paulo: Scipione, 2007 (adaptado).

$ DQiOLVH GR WUHFKR SHUPLWH LGHQWLFDU TXH R SRHWD

O Sculo XX teve de repensar a tica para enfrentar
novos problemas oriundos de diferentes crises sociais, romntico Shelley (1792-1822) registrou uma contradio
FRQLWRV LGHROyJLFRV H FRQWUDGLo}HV GD UHDOLGDGH QDV FRQGLo}HV VRFLRHFRQ{PLFDV GD QDVFHQWH FODVVH
Sob esse enfoque e a partir do texto, a tica pode ser trabalhadora inglesa durante a Revoluo Industrial. Tal
compreendida como FRQWUDGLomRHVWiLGHQWLFDGD
instrumento de garantia da cidadania, porque atravs
dela os cidados passam a pensar e agir de acordo na pobreza dos empregados, que estava dissociada
com valores coletivos. GDULTXH]DGRVSDWU}HV
mecanismo de criao de direitos humanos, porque
da natureza do homem ser tico e virtuoso. no salrio dos operrios, que era proporcional aos
 PHLRSDUDUHVROYHURVFRQLWRVVRFLDLVQRFHQiULRGD seus esforos nas indstrias.
globalizao, pois a partir do entendimento do que  QD EXUJXHVLD TXH WLQKD VHXV QHJyFLRV QDQFLDGRV
efetivamente a tica, a poltica internacional se
realiza. pelo proletariado.
parmetro para assegurar o exerccio poltico no trabalho, que era considerado uma garantia de
primando pelos interesses e ao privada dos liberdade.
cidados.
aceitao de valores universais implcitos numa na riqueza, que no era usufruda por aqueles que a
sociedade que busca dimensionar sua vinculao produziam.
outras sociedades.
Questo 41
Questo 39
Judicirio contribuiu com ditadura no Chile, diz Juiz
A poluio e outras ofensas ambientais ainda no tinham Guzmn Tapia
esse nome, mas j eram largamente notadas no sculo As cortes de apelao rejeitaram mais de 10 mil habeas
XIX, nas grandes cidades inglesas e continentais. E a corpus nos casos das pessoas desaparecidas. Nos
prpria chegada ao campo das estradas de ferro suscitou tribunais militares, todas as causas foram concludas
protestos. A reao antimaquinista, protagonizada FRP VXVSHQV}HV WHPSRUiULDV RX GHQLWLYDV H RV
pelos diversos luddismos, antecipa a batalha atual dos desaparecimentos polticos tiveram apenas trmite
ambientalistas. Esse era, ento, o combate social contra formal na Justia. Assim, o Poder Judicirio contribuiu
os miasmas urbanos. SDUDTXHRVDJHQWHVHVWDWDLVFDVVHPLPSXQHV
SANTOS, M. A natureza do espao: tcnica e tempo, razo e emoo. So Paulo: EDUSP, 2002 (adaptado). Disponvel em: http://www.cartamaior.com.br. Acesso em: 20 jul. 2010 (adaptado).

2 FUHVFHQWH GHVHQYROYLPHQWR WpFQLFRSURGXWLYR LPS}H

PRGLFDo}HV QD SDLVDJHP H QRV REMHWRV FXOWXUDLV Segundo o texto, durante a ditadura chilena na dcada de
vivenciados pelas sociedades. De acordo com o texto, 1970, a relao entre os poderes Executivo e Judicirio
pode-se dizer que tais movimentos sociais emergiram e caracterizava-se pela
se expressaram por meio
preservao da autonomia institucional entre os
das ideologias conservacionistas, com milhares de poderes.
adeptos no meio urbano. valorizao da atuao independente de alguns juzes.
das polticas governamentais de preservao dos
objetos naturais e culturais. manuteno da interferncia jurdica nos atos
das teorias sobre a necessidade de harmonizao executivos.
entre tcnica e natureza.  WUDQVIHUrQFLDGDVIXQo}HVGRVMXt]HVSDUDRFKHIHGH
dos boicotes aos produtos das empresas Estado.
exploradoras e poluentes.
da contestao degradao do trabalho, das subordinao do poder judicirio aos interesses
WUDGLo}HVHGDQDWXUH]D polticos dominantes.

CH - 1 dia | Caderno 4 - ROSA - Pgina 11


Questo 42
QUINO. Toda Mafalda. So Paulo: Martins Fontes, 1991.
Democracia: regime poltico no qual a soberania
exercida pelo povo, pertence ao conjunto dos cidados.
JAPIASS, H.; MARCONDES, D. DicioQiULR%iVLFRGH)LORVRD. Rio de Janeiro: Zahar, 2006.
Uma suposta vacina contra o despotismo, em um
contexto democrtico, tem por objetivo
impedir a contratao de familiares para o servio pblico.
 UHGX]LUDDomRGDVLQVWLWXLo}HVFRQVWLWXFLRQDLV
combater a distribuio equilibrada de poder.
evitar a escolha de governantes autoritrios.
restringir a atuao do Parlamento.
Questo 43
Um banco ingls decidiu cobrar de seus clientes cinco
libras toda vez que recorressem aos funcionrios de suas
agncias. E o motivo disso que, na verdade, no querem
clientes em suas agncias; o que querem reduzir o
nmero de agncias, fazendo com que os clientes usem
DVPiTXLQDVDXWRPiWLFDVHPWRGRRWLSRGHWUDQVDo}HV
Em suma, eles querem se livrar de seus funcionrios.
HOBSBAWM, E. O novo sculo. So Paulo: Companhia das Letras, 2000 (adaptado).
2 H[HPSOR PHQFLRQDGR SHUPLWH LGHQWLFDU XP DVSHFWR
da adoo de novas tecnologias na economia capitalista
contempornea. Um argumento utilizado pelas empresas
e uma consequncia social de tal aspecto esto em
qualidade total e estabilidade no trabalho.
pleno emprego e enfraquecimento dos sindicatos.
diminuio dos custos e insegurana no emprego.
responsabilidade social e reduo do desemprego.
maximizao dos lucros e aparecimento de empregos.
Questo 44
Na tica contempornea, o sujeito no mais um
sujeito substancial, soberano e absolutamente livre,
nem um sujeito emprico puramente natural. Ele
simultaneamente os dois, na medida em que um
sujeito histrico-social. Assim, a tica adquire um
dimensionamento poltico, uma vez que a ao do
sujeito no pode mais ser vista e avaliada fora da relao
2010
social coletiva. Desse modo, a tica se entrelaa,
necessariamente, com a poltica, entendida esta como
a rea de avaliao dos valores que atravessam as
UHODo}HVVRFLDLVHTXHLQWHUOLJDRVLQGLYtGXRVHQWUHVL
SEVERINO, A. J. )LORVRD. So Paulo: Cortez, 1992 (adaptado).
O texto, ao evocar a dimenso histrica do processo de
formao da tica na sociedade contempornea, ressalta
os contedos ticos decorrentes das ideologias
poltico-partidrias.
o valor da ao humana derivada de preceitos metafsicos.
a sistematizao de valores desassociados da cultura.
 RVHQWLGRFROHWLYRHSROtWLFRGDVDo}HVKXPDQDVLQGLYLGXDLV
o julgamento da ao tica pelos polticos eleitos
democraticamente.
Questo 45
Pecado nefando era expresso correntemente utilizada
pelos inquisidores para a sodomia. Nefandus: o que
no pode ser dito. A Assembleia de clrigos reunida em
Salvador, em 1707, considerou a sodomia to pssimo e
horrendo crime, to contrrio lei da natureza, que era
indigno de ser nomeado e, por isso mesmo, nefando.
NOVAIS, F.; MELLO E SOUZA, L. Histria da Vida Privada no Brasil. V. 1.
So Paulo: Companhia das Letras, 1997 (adaptado).
O nmero de homossexuais assassinados no Brasil
bateu o recorde histrico em 2009. De acordo com o
Relatrio Anual de Assassinato de Homossexuais (LGBT
Lsbicas, Gays, Bissexuais e Travestis ), nesse ano
foram registrados 195 mortos por motivao homofbica
no Pas.
'LVSRQtYHOHPZZZDOHPGDQRWLFLDFRPEUXOWLPDVBQRWLFLDVSKS"FRGQRWLFLD 
Acesso em: 29 abr. 2010 (adaptado).
A homofobia a rejeio e menosprezo orientao
sexual do outro e, muitas vezes, expressa-se sob a forma
de comportamentos violentos. Os textos indicam que as
FRQGHQDo}HVS~EOLFDVSHUVHJXLo}HVHDVVDVVLQDWRVGH
homossexuais no pas esto associadas
baixa representatividade poltica de grupos
organizados que defendem os direitos de cidadania
dos homossexuais.
falncia da democracia no pas, que torna
impeditiva a divulgao de estatsticas relacionadas
violncia contra homossexuais.
Constituio de 1988, que exclui do tecido social
os homossexuais, alm de impedi-los de exercer
seus direitos polticos.
a um passado histrico marcado pela demonizao do
corpo e por formas recorrentes de tabus e intolerncia.
a uma poltica eugnica desenvolvida pelo Estado,
MXVWLFDGDDSDUWLUGRVSRVLFLRQDPHQWRVGHFRUUHQWHV
ORVyFRFLHQWtFDV
CH - 1 dia | Caderno 4 - ROSA - Pgina 12

CINCIAS DA NATUREZA E SUAS TECNOLOGIAS
Questes de 46 a 90
Questo 46
As ondas eletromagnticas, como a luz visvel e as ondas
de rdio, viajam em linha reta em um meio homogneo.
Ento, as ondas de rdio emitidas na regio litornea
do Brasil no alcanariam a regio amaznica do Brasil
por causa da curvatura da Terra. Entretanto sabemos
que possvel transmitir ondas de rdio entre essas
localidades devido ionosfera.
Com a ajuda da ionosfera, a transmisso de ondas
planas entre o litoral do Brasil e a regio amaznica
possvel por meio da
 UHH[mR
refrao.
difrao.
polarizao.
interferncia.
Questo 47
A vacina, o soro e os antibiticos submetem os
organismos a processos biolgicos diferentes. Pessoas
TXHYLDMDPSDUDUHJL}HVHPTXHRFRUUHPDOWDVLQFLGrQFLDV
de febre amarela, de picadas de cobras peonhentas e
de leptospirose e querem evitar ou tratar problemas de
sade relacionados a essas ocorrncias devem seguir
GHWHUPLQDGDVRULHQWDo}HV
Ao procurar um posto de sade, um viajante deveria ser
orientado por um mdico a tomar preventivamente ou
como medida de tratamento
antibitico contra o vrus da febre amarela, soro
antiofdico caso seja picado por uma cobra e vacina
contra a leptospirose.
vacina contra o vrus da febre amarela, soro antiofdico
caso seja picado por uma cobra e antibitico caso
entre em contato com a Leptospira sp.
soro contra o vrus da febre amarela, antibitico caso
seja picado por uma cobra e soro contra toxinas
bacterianas.
antibitico ou soro, tanto contra o vrus da febre
amarela como para veneno de cobras, e vacina
contra a leptospirose.
soro antiofdico e antibitico contra a Leptospira sp e
vacina contra a febre amarela caso entre em contato
com o vrus causador da doena.
CN - 1 dia | Caderno 4 - ROSA - Pgina 13
2010
Questo 48
Em nosso cotidiano, utilizamos as palavras calor e
temperatura de forma diferente de como elas so
XVDGDVQRPHLRFLHQWtFR1DOLQJXDJHPFRUUHQWHFDORU
pLGHQWLFDGRFRPRDOJRTXHQWHHWHPSHUDWXUDPHGHD
TXDQWLGDGHGHFDORUGHXPFRUSR(VVHVVLJQLFDGRV
QRHQWDQWRQmRFRQVHJXHPH[SOLFDUGLYHUVDVVLWXDo}HV
TXHSRGHPVHUYHULFDGDVQDSUiWLFD
'R SRQWR GH YLVWD FLHQWtFR TXH VLWXDomR SUiWLFD PRVWUD D
OLPLWDomRGRVFRQFHLWRVFRUULTXHLURVGHFDORUHWHPSHUDWXUD"
$WHPSHUDWXUDGDiJXDSRGHFDUFRQVWDQWHGXUDQWH
o tempo em que estiver fervendo.
Uma me coloca a mo na gua da banheira do
EHErSDUDYHULFDUDWHPSHUDWXUDGDiJXD
A chama de um fogo pode ser usada para aumentar
a temperatura da gua em uma panela.
A gua quente que est em uma caneca passada
SDUDRXWUDFDQHFDDPGHGLPLQXLUVXDWHPSHUDWXUD
Um forno pode fornecer calor para uma vasilha de
gua que est em seu interior com menor temperatura
do que a dele.
Questo 49
A crie dental resulta da atividade de bactrias que
degradam os acares e os transformam em cidos
TXHFRUURHPDSRUomRPLQHUDOL]DGDGRVGHQWHV2~RU
juntamente com o clcio e um acar chamado xilitol,
agem inibindo esse processo. Quando no se escovam
os dentes corretamente e neles acumulam-se restos
de alimentos, as bactrias que vivem na boca aderem
DRV GHQWHV IRUPDQGR D SODFD EDFWHULDQD RX ELROPH
Na placa, elas transformam o acar dos restos de
alimentos em cidos, que corroem o esmalte do dente
formando uma cavidade, que a crie. Vale lembrar
que a placa bacteriana se forma mesmo na ausncia de
ingesto de carboidratos fermentveis, pois as bactrias
possuem polissacardeos intracelulares de reserva.
Disponvel em: http://www.diariodasaude.com.br. Acesso em: 11 ago 2010 (adaptado).
crie 1. destruio de um osso por corroso progressiva.
* crie dentria: efeito da destruio da estrutura dentria
por bactrias.
HOUAISS, Antnio. Dicionrio eletrnico. Verso 1.0. Editora Objetiva, 2001 (adaptado).
A partir da leitura do texto, que discute as causas
do aparecimento de cries, e da sua relao com as
LQIRUPDo}HVGRGLFLRQiULRFRQFOXLVHTXHDFiULHGHQWDO
resulta, principalmente, de
 IDOWD GH ~RU H GH FiOFLR QD DOLPHQWDomR GLiULD GD
populao brasileira.
consumo exagerado do xilitol, um acar, na dieta
alimentar diria do indivduo.
reduo na proliferao bacteriana quando a saliva
desbalanceada pela m alimentao.
 XVR H[DJHUDGR GR ~RU XP DJHQWH TXH HP DOWD
quantidade torna-se txico formao dos dentes.
consumo excessivo de acares na alimentao
e m higienizao bucal, que contribuem para a
proliferao de bactrias.
 2010
Questo 50 Questo 51
Todo carro possui uma caixa de fusveis, que so Jpiter, conhecido como o gigante gasoso, perdeu uma
utilizados para proteo dos circuitos eltricos. Os das suas listras mais proeminentes, deixando o seu
fusveis so constitudos de um material de baixo ponto hemisfrio sul estranhamente vazio. Observe a regio
de fuso, como o estanho, por exemplo, e se fundem em que a faixa sumiu, destacada pela seta.
quando percorridos por uma corrente eltrica igual ou
maior do que aquela que so capazes de suportar. O
quadro a seguir mostra uma srie de fusveis e os valores
de corrente por eles suportados.
Fusvel Corrente Eltrica (A)
Azul 1,5
Amarelo 2,5
Laranja 5,0
Preto 7,5
Vermelho 10,0
Um farol usa uma lmpada de gs halognio de 55 W
de potncia que opera com 36 V. Os dois faris so
ligados separadamente, com um fusvel para cada um, Disponvel em: http://www.inovacaotecnologica.com.br. Acesso em: 12 maio 2010 (adaptado).
mas, aps um mau funcionamento, o motorista passou
a conect-los em paralelo, usando apenas um fusvel. A aparncia de Jpiter tipicamente marcada por duas
'HVVDIRUPDDGPLWLQGRVHTXHDDomRVXSRUWHDFDUJD faixas escuras em sua atmosfera uma no hemisfrio
dos dois faris, o menor valor de fusvel adequado para norte e outra no hemisfrio sul. Como o gs est
proteo desse novo circuito o constantemente em movimento, o desaparecimento da
faixa no planeta relaciona-se ao movimento das diversas
azul. camadas de nuvens em sua atmosfera. A luz do Sol,
preto. UHHWLGDQHVVDVQXYHQVJHUDDLPDJHPTXHpFDSWDGD
laranja. pelos telescpios, no espao ou na Terra.
amarelo. O desaparecimento da faixa sul pode ter sido determinado
vermelho. por uma alterao

Rascunho na temperatura da superfcie do planeta.

no formato da camada gasosa do planeta.
no campo gravitacional gerado pelo planeta.
na composio qumica das nuvens do planeta.
 QDGHQVLGDGHGDVQXYHQVTXHFRPS}HPRSODQHWD

Questo 52
&RP R REMHWLYR GH VH WHVWDU D HFLrQFLD GH IRUQRV GH
micro-ondas, planejou-se o aquecimento em 10 C de
amostras de diferentes substncias, cada uma com
determinada massa, em cinco fornos de marcas distintas.
Nesse teste, cada forno operou potncia mxima.

2IRUQRPDLVHFLHQWHIRLDTXHOHTXH

forneceu a maior quantidade de energia s amostras.

cedeu energia amostra de maior massa em mais tempo.
forneceu a maior quantidade de energia em menos
tempo.
 FHGHXHQHUJLDjDPRVWUDGHPHQRUFDORUHVSHFtFR
mais lentamente.
forneceu a menor quantidade de energia s amostras
em menos tempo.
CN - 1 dia | Caderno 4 - ROSA - Pgina 14

Questo 53
Em visita a uma usina sucroalcooleira, um grupo de alunos
S{GHREVHUYDUDVpULHGHSURFHVVRVGHEHQHFLDPHQWR
da cana-de-acar, entre os quais se destacam:
1. A cana chega cortada da lavoura por meio
GH FDPLQK}HV H p GHVSHMDGD HP PHVDV
alimentadoras que a conduzem para as
moendas. Antes de ser esmagada para a retirada
do caldo aucarado, toda a cana transportada
por esteiras e passada por um eletroim para a
retirada de materiais metlicos.
2. Aps se esmagar a cana, o bagao segue para
as caldeiras, que geram vapor e energia para
toda a usina.
3. O caldo primrio, resultante do esmagamento,
p SDVVDGR SRU OWURV H VRIUH WUDWDPHQWR SDUD
WUDQVIRUPDUVHHPDo~FDUUHQDGRHHWDQRO
Com base nos destaques da observao dos alunos,
TXDLV RSHUDo}HV ItVLFDV GH VHSDUDomR GH PDWHULDLV
IRUDPUHDOL]DGDVQDVHWDSDVGHEHQHFLDPHQWRGDFDQD
GHDo~FDU"
Separao mecnica, extrao, decantao.
 6HSDUDomRPDJQpWLFDFRPEXVWmROWUDomR
 6HSDUDomRPDJQpWLFDH[WUDomROWUDomR
Imantao, combusto, peneirao.
 ,PDQWDomRGHVWLODomROWUDomR
Questo 54
O texto O vo das Folhas traz uma viso dos ndios
Ticunas para um fenmeno usualmente observado na
natureza:
O vo das Folhas
Com o vento
as folhas se movimentam.
E quando caem no cho
FDPSDUDGDVHPVLOrQFLR
Assim se forma o ngaura. O ngaura cobre o cho da
RUHVWDHQULTXHFHDWHUUDHDOLPHQWDDViUYRUHV@
As folhas velhas morrem para ajudar o crescimento das
IROKDVQRYDV@
Dentro do ngauraYLYHPDUDQKDVIRUPLJDVHVFRUSL}HV
centopeias, minhocas, cogumelos e vrios tipos de
RXWURVVHUHVPXLWRSHTXHQRV@
As folhas tambm caem nos lagos, nos igaraps e igaps.
A natureza segundo os Ticunas/Livro das rvores.
Organizao Geral dos Professores Bilngues Ticunas, 2000.
Na viso dos ndios Ticunas, a descrio sobre o ngaura
SHUPLWH FODVVLFiOR FRPR XP SURGXWR GLUHWDPHQWH
relacionado ao ciclo
da gua.
do oxignio.
do fsforo.
do carbono.
do nitrognio.
CN - 1 dia | Caderno 4 - ROSA - Pgina 15
2010
Questo 55
O fsforo, geralmente representado pelo on de fosfato
( ), um ingrediente insubstituvel da vida, j que
parte constituinte das membranas celulares e das
molculas do DNA e do trifosfato de adenosina (ATP),
principal forma de armazenamento de energia das
clulas. O fsforo utilizado nos fertilizantes agrcolas
extrado de minas, cujas reservas esto cada vez
mais escassas. Certas prticas agrcolas aceleram a
eroso do solo, provocando o transporte de fsforo para
VLVWHPDV DTXiWLFRV TXH FD LPRELOL]DGR QDV URFKDV
Ainda, a colheita das lavouras e o transporte dos restos
DOLPHQWDUHV SDUD RV OL[}HV GLPLQXHP D GLVSRQLELOLGDGH
dos ons no solo. Tais fatores tm ameaado a
sustentabilidade desse on.
Uma medida que amenizaria esse problema seria:
Incentivar a reciclagem de resduos biolgicos,
utilizando dejetos animais e restos de culturas para
produo de adubo.
Repor o estoque retirado das minas com um on
sinttico de fsforo para garantir o abastecimento da
indstria de fertilizantes.
Aumentar a importao de ons fosfato dos pases
ricos para suprir as exigncias das indstrias
nacionais de fertilizantes.
Substituir o fsforo dos fertilizantes por outro
elemento com a mesma funo para suprir as
necessidades do uso de seus ons.
Proibir, por meio de lei federal, o uso de fertilizantes
com fsforo pelos agricultores, para diminuir sua
extrao das reservas naturais.
Questo 56
As cidades industrializadas produzem grandes
SURSRUo}HV GH JDVHV FRPR R &22, o principal gs
causador do efeito estufa. Isso ocorre por causa
da quantidade de combustveis fsseis queimados,
principalmente no transporte, mas tambm em caldeiras
industriais. Alm disso, nessas cidades concentram-se
as maiores reas com solos asfaltados e concretados,
o que aumenta a reteno de calor, formando o que se
conhece por ilhas de calor. Tal fenmeno ocorre porque
esses materiais absorvem o calor e o devolvem para o ar
sob a forma de radiao trmica.
Em reas urbanas, devido atuao conjunta do efeito
estufa e das ilhas de calor, espera-se que o consumo
de energia eltrica
diminua devido utilizao de caldeiras por indstrias
metalrgicas.
aumente devido ao bloqueio da luz do sol pelos
gases do efeito estufa.
diminua devido no necessidade de aquecer a
gua utilizada em indstrias.
aumente devido necessidade de maior refrigerao
de indstrias e residncias.
diminua devido grande quantidade de radiao
trmica reutilizada.

Questo 57
ZIEGLER, M.F. Energia Sustentvel. Revista Isto. 28 abr. 2010.
$IRQWHGHHQHUJLDUHSUHVHQWDGDQDJXUDFRQVLGHUDGD
uma das mais limpas e sustentveis do mundo,
extrada do calor gerado
pela circulao do magma no subsolo.
 SHODVHUXSo}HVFRQVWDQWHVGRVYXOF}HV
pelo sol que aquece as guas com radiao ultravioleta.
pela queima do carvo e combustveis fsseis.
pelos detritos e cinzas vulcnicas.
Questo 58
Sob presso normal (ao nvel do mar), a gua entra
em ebulio temperatura de 100 oC. Tendo por base
essa informao, um garoto residente em uma cidade
litornea fez a seguinte experincia:
 &RORFRX XPD FDQHFD PHWiOLFD FRQWHQGR iJXD QR
fogareiro do fogo de sua casa.
 4XDQGR D iJXD FRPHoRX D IHUYHU HQFRVWRX
cuidadosamente a extremidade mais estreita de
uma seringa de injeo, desprovida de agulha,
na superfcie do lquido e, erguendo o mbolo da
seringa, aspirou certa quantidade de gua para seu
interior, tapando-a em seguida.
 9HULFDQGR DSyV DOJXQV LQVWDQWHV TXH D iJXD GD
seringa havia parado de ferver, ele ergueu o mbolo
da seringa, constatando, intrigado, que a gua voltou
a ferver aps um pequeno deslocamento do mbolo.
Considerando o procedimento anterior, a gua volta a
ferver porque esse deslocamento
permite a entrada de calor do ambiente externo para
o interior da seringa.
provoca, por atrito, um aquecimento da gua contida
na seringa.
produz um aumento de volume que aumenta o ponto
de ebulio da gua.
proporciona uma queda de presso no interior da
seringa que diminui o ponto de ebulio da gua.
possibilita uma diminuio da densidade da gua
que facilita sua ebulio.
2010
Questo 59
A lavoura arrozeira na plancie costeira da regio sul
do Brasil comumente sofre perdas elevadas devido
salinizao da gua de irrigao, que ocasiona prejuzos
diretos, como a reduo de produo da lavoura.
Solos com processo de salinizao avanado no so
indicados, por exemplo, para o cultivo de arroz. As
plantas retiram a gua do solo quando as foras de
embebio dos tecidos das razes so superiores s
foras com que a gua retida no solo.
WINKEL, H.L.;TSCHIEDEL, M. Cultura do arroz: salinizao de solos em cultivos de arroz.
Disponvel em: http://agropage.tripod.com/saliniza.hml. Acesso em: 25 jun. 2010 (adaptado).
A presena de sais na soluo do solo faz com que
VHMD GLFXOWDGD D DEVRUomR GH iJXD SHODV SODQWDV R
TXHSURYRFDRIHQ{PHQRFRQKHFLGRSRUVHFDVLROyJLFD
caracterizado pelo(a)
aumento da salinidade, em que a gua do solo atinge
uma concentrao de sais maior que a das clulas
das razes das plantas, impedindo, assim, que a
gua seja absorvida.
aumento da salinidade, em que o solo atinge um
nvel muito baixo de gua, e as plantas no tm fora
de suco para absorver a gua.
diminuio da salinidade, que atinge um nvel em
que as plantas no tm fora de suco, fazendo
com que a gua no seja absorvida.
aumento da salinidade, que atinge um nvel em que
as plantas tm muita sudao, no tendo fora de
suco para super-la.
diminuio da salinidade, que atinge um nvel em
TXH DV SODQWDV FDP W~UJLGDV H QmR WrP IRUoD GH
sudao para super-la.
Questo 60
O despejo de dejetos de esgotos domsticos e
industriais vem causando srios problemas aos rios
brasileiros. Esses poluentes so ricos em substncias
TXH FRQWULEXHP SDUD D HXWUR]DomR GH HFRVVLVWHPDV
que um enriquecimento da gua por nutrientes, o que
SURYRFD XP JUDQGH FUHVFLPHQWR EDFWHULDQR H SRU P
pode promover escassez de oxignio.
Uma maneira de evitar a diminuio da concentrao de
oxignio no ambiente :
Aquecer as guas dos rios para aumentar a
velocidade de decomposio dos dejetos.
Retirar do esgoto os materiais ricos em nutrientes
para diminuir a sua concentrao nos rios.
Adicionar bactrias anaerbicas s guas dos rios
para que elas sobrevivam mesmo sem o oxignio.
Substituir produtos no degradveis por
biodegradveis para que as bactrias possam utilizar
os nutrientes.
Aumentar a solubilidade dos dejetos no esgoto para que
RVQXWULHQWHVTXHPPDLVacessveis s bactrias.
CN - 1 dia | Caderno 4 - ROSA - Pgina 16
 2010
Questo 61 Questo 62
No ano de 2000, um vazamento em dutos de leo na baa O crescimento da produo de energia eltrica ao
de Guanabara (RJ) causou um dos maiores acidentes ORQJR GR WHPSR WHP LQXHQFLDGR GHFLVLYDPHQWH R
DPELHQWDLV GR %UDVLO$OpP GH DIHWDU D IDXQD H D RUD R progresso da humanidade, mas tambm tem criado
acidente abalou o equilbrio da cadeia alimentar de toda uma sria preocupao: o prejuzo ao meio ambiente.
a baa. O petrleo forma uma pelcula na superfcie da Nos prximos anos, uma nova tecnologia de gerao
gua, o que prejudica as trocas gasosas da atmosfera com de energia eltrica dever ganhar espao: as clulas a
a gua e desfavorece a realizao de fotossntese pelas combustvel hidrognio/oxignio.
algas, que esto na base da cadeia alimentar hdrica.
Alm disso, o derramamento de leo contribuiu para o
envenenamento das rvores e, consequentemente, para a
LQWR[LFDomRGDIDXQDHRUDDTXiWLFDVEHPFRPRFRQGX]LX
morte diversas espcies de animais, entre outras formas
de vida, afetando tambm a atividade pesqueira.
LAUBIER, L. Diversidade da Mar Negra. In: 6FLHQWLF$PHULFDQ%UDVLO. 4(39), ago. 2005 (adaptado).

$VLWXDomRH[SRVWDQRWH[WRHVXDVLPSOLFDo}HV

indicam a independncia da espcie humana com

relao ao ambiente marinho.
alertam para a necessidade do controle da poluio VILLULLAS, H. M; TICIANELLI, E. A; GONZLEZ, E. R. Qumica Nova Na Escola. No15, maio 2002.

ambiental para reduo do efeito estufa.

ilustram a interdependncia das diversas formas de &RP EDVH QR WH[WR H QD JXUD D SURGXomR GH HQHUJLD
eltrica por meio da clula a combustvel hidrognio/
vida (animal, vegetal e outras) e o seu habitat. oxignio diferencia-se dos processos convencionais porque
indicam a alta resistncia do meio ambiente ao
do homem, alm de evidenciar a sua sustentabilidade transforma energia qumica em energia eltrica, sem
PHVPRHPFRQGLo}HVH[WUHPDVGHSROXLomR causar danos ao meio ambiente, porque o principal
evidenciam a grande capacidade animal de se subproduto formado a gua.
adaptar s mudanas ambientais, em contraste com converte a energia qumica contida nas molculas
a baixa capacidade das espcies vegetais, que esto dos componentes em energia trmica, sem que
na base da cadeia alimentar hdrica. ocorra a produo de gases poluentes nocivos ao
Rascunho meio ambiente.
transforma energia qumica em energia eltrica,
porm emite gases poluentes da mesma forma que a
produo de energia a partir dos combustveis fsseis.
converte energia eltrica proveniente dos
combustveis fsseis em energia qumica, retendo os
gases poluentes produzidos no processo sem alterar
a qualidade do meio ambiente.
converte a energia potencial acumulada nas
molculas de gua contidas no sistema em energia
qumica, sem que ocorra a produo de gases
poluentes nocivos ao meio ambiente.

Rascunho

CN - 1 dia | Caderno 4 - ROSA - Pgina 17


Questo 63
Para explicar a absoro de nutrientes, bem como a
funo das microvilosidades das membranas das clulas
que revestem as paredes internas do intestino delgado,
um estudante realizou o seguinte experimento:
&RORFRXPGHiJXDHPGRLVUHFLSLHQWHV1RSULPHLUR
recipiente, mergulhou, por 5 segundos, um pedao de
papel liso, como na FIGURA 1; no segundo recipiente,
fez o mesmo com um pedao de papel com dobras
simulando as microvilosidades, conforme FIGURA 2. Os
dados obtidos foram: a quantidade de gua absorvida
SHORSDSHOOLVRIRLGHPHQTXDQWRSHORSDSHOGREUDGR
IRLGHP
FIGURA 1 FIGURA 2
Com base nos dados obtidos, infere-se que a funo
das microvilosidades intestinais com relao absoro
de nutrientes pelas clulas das paredes internas do
intestino a de
manter o volume de absoro.
aumentar a superfcie de absoro.
diminuir a velocidade de absoro.
aumentar o tempo de absoro.
manter a seletividade na absoro.
Questo 64
Alguns anfbios e rpteis so adaptados vida
subterrnea. Nessa situao, apresentam algumas
caractersticas corporais como, por exemplo, ausncia
de patas, corpo anelado que facilita o deslocamento
no subsolo e, em alguns casos, ausncia de olhos.
Suponha que um bilogo tentasse explicar a origem
GDV DGDSWDo}HV PHQFLRQDGDV QR WH[WR XWLOL]DQGR
conceitos da teoria evolutiva de Lamarck. Ao adotar
esse ponto de vista, ele diria que
as caractersticas citadas no texto foram originadas
pela seleo natural.
a ausncia de olhos teria sido causada pela falta de
uso dos mesmos, segundo a lei do uso e desuso.
o corpo anelado uma caracterstica fortemente
adaptativa, mas seria transmitida apenas
primeira gerao de descendentes.
as patas teriam sido perdidas pela falta de uso e, em
seguida, essa caracterstica foi incorporada ao patrimnio
gentico e ento transmitidas aos descendentes.
as caractersticas citadas no texto foram adquiridas
SRUPHLRGHPXWDo}HVHGHSRLVDRORQJRGRWHPSR
foram selecionadas por serem mais adaptadas ao
ambiente em que os organismos se encontram.
2010
Questo 65
8P DPELHQWH FDSD] GH DV[LDU WRGRV RV DQLPDLV
conhecidos do planeta foi colonizado por pelo menos
trs espcies diferentes de invertebrados marinhos.
Descobertos a mais de 3 000 m de profundidade no
Mediterrneo, eles so os primeiros membros do reino
animal a prosperar mesmo diante da ausncia total
de oxignio. At agora, achava-se que s bactrias
pudessem ter esse estilo de vida. No admira que os
bichos pertenam a um grupo pouco conhecido, o
dos loricferos, que mal chegam a 1,0 mm. Apesar do
tamanho, possuem cabea, boca, sistema digestivo
e uma carapaa. A adaptao dos bichos vida no
sufoco to profunda que suas clulas dispensaram as
chamadas mitocndrias.
LOPES, R. J. Italianos descobrem animal que vive em gua sem oxignio. Disponvel
em: http://www1.folha.uol.com.br. Acesso em: 10 abr. 2010 (adaptado).
Que substncias poderiam ter a mesma funo do O2 na
UHVSLUDomRFHOXODUUHDOL]DGDSHORVORULFtIHURV"
S e CH4
Se
H2 e
CO2 e CH4
H2 e CO2
Questo 66
As misturas efervescentes, em p ou em comprimidos,
so comuns para a administrao de vitamina C ou de
medicamentos para azia. Essa forma farmacutica slida
foi desenvolvida para facilitar o transporte, aumentar a
estabilidade de substncias e, quando em soluo, acelerar a
absoro do frmaco pelo organismo.
As matrias-primas que atuam na efervescncia so, em
geral, o cido tartrico ou o cido ctrico que reagem com um
sal de carter bsico, como o bicarbonato de sdio (NaHCO3),
quando em contato com a gua. A partir do contato da mistura
HIHUYHVFHQWH FRP D iJXD RFRUUH XPD VpULH GH UHDo}HV
qumicas simultneas: liberao de ons, formao de cido e
liberao do gs carbnico gerando a efervescncia.
$V HTXDo}HV D VHJXLU UHSUHVHQWDP DV HWDSDV GD
reao da mistura efervescente na gua, em que foram
omitidos os estados de agregao dos reagentes, e H3A
representa o cido ctrico.
I- NaHCO3 1D+ +
II- H2CO3 U H2O + CO2
III- + H+ U H2CO3
IV- H3A U 3H+ +
A ionizao, a dissociao inica, a formao do cido
e a liberao do gs ocorrem, respectivamente, nas
seguintes etapas:
IV, I, II e III
I, IV, III e II
IV, III, I e II
I, IV, II e III
IV, I, III e II
CN - 1 dia | Caderno 4 - ROSA - Pgina 18

Questo 67
O abastecimento de nossas necessidades energticas
futuras depender certamente do desenvolvimento
de tecnologias para aproveitar a energia solar com
PDLRU HFLrQFLD $ HQHUJLD VRODU p D PDLRU IRQWH GH
energia mundial. Num dia ensolarado, por exemplo,
aproximadamente 1 kJ de energia solar atinge cada
metro quadrado da superfcie terrestre por segundo. No
entanto, o aproveitamento dessa energia difcil porque
ela diluda (distribuda por uma rea muito extensa) e
RVFLOD FRP R KRUiULR H DV FRQGLo}HV FOLPiWLFDV 2 XVR
efetivo da energia solar depende de formas de estocar a
energia coletada para uso posterior.
BROWN, T. Qumica a Cincia Central. So Paulo: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2005.
Atualmente, uma das formas de se utilizar a energia solar
tem sido armazen-la por meio de processos qumicos
endotrmicos que mais tarde podem ser revertidos para
liberar calor. Considerando a reao: CH4(g) + H2O(v) +
calor U CO(g) + 3 H2(g) e analisando-a como potencial
mecanismo para o aproveitamento posterior da energia
solar, conclui-se que se trata de uma estratgia
insatisfatria, pois a reao apresentada no
permite que a energia presente no meio externo
seja absorvida pelo sistema para ser utilizada
posteriormente.
insatisfatria, uma vez que h formao de gases
poluentes e com potencial poder explosivo,
tornando-a uma reao perigosa e de difcil controle.
insatisfatria, uma vez que h formao de gs CO
que no possui contedo energtico passvel de ser
aproveitado posteriormente e considerado um gs
poluente.
satisfatria, uma vez que a reao direta ocorre
com absoro de calor e promove a formao
das substncias combustveis que podero ser
utilizadas posteriormente para obteno de energia
e realizao de trabalho til.
satisfatria, uma vez que a reao direta ocorre
com liberao de calor havendo ainda a formao
das substncias combustveis que podero ser
utilizadas posteriormente para obteno de energia
e realizao de trabalho til.
Rascunho
CN - 1 dia | Caderno 4 - ROSA - Pgina 19
2010
Questo 68
O uso prolongado de lentes de contato, sobretudo
GXUDQWHDQRLWHDOLDGRDFRQGLo}HVSUHFiULDVGHKLJLHQH
representam fatores de risco para o aparecimento
de uma infeco denominada ceratite microbiana,
TXH FDXVD XOFHUDomR LQDPDWyULD GD FyUQHD 3DUD
interromper o processo da doena, necessrio
tratamento antibitico. De modo geral, os fatores de
risco provocam a diminuio da oxigenao corneana
e determinam mudanas no seu metabolismo, de um
estado aerbico para anaerbico. Como decorrncia,
observa-se a diminuio no nmero e na velocidade de
PLWRVHVGRHSLWpOLRRTXHSUHGLVS}HDRDSDUHFLPHQWRGH
defeitos epiteliais e invaso bacteriana.
CRESTA, F. Lente de contato e infeco ocular. Revista Sinopse de Oftalmologia. So
Paulo: Moreira Jr.,v.04, n.04, 2002 (adaptado).
A instalao das bactrias e o avano do processo
infeccioso na crnea esto relacionados a algumas
caractersticas gerais desses microrganismos, tais como:
A grande capacidade de adaptao, considerando
as constantes mudanas no ambiente em que se
reproduzem e o processo aerbico como a melhor
opo desses microrganismos para a obteno de
energia.
 $JUDQGHFDSDFLGDGHGHVRIUHUPXWDo}HVDXPHQWDQGR
a probabilidade do aparecimento de formas resistentes e
o processo anaerbico da fermentao como a principal
via de obteno de energia.
A diversidade morfolgica entre as bactrias,
aumentando a variedade de tipos de agentes
LQIHFFLRVRV H D QXWULomR KHWHURWUyFD FRPR IRUPD
de esses microrganismos obterem matria-prima e
energia.
O alto poder de reproduo, aumentando a variabilidade
gentica dos milhares de indivduos e a nutrio
KHWHURWUyFDFRPR~QLFDIRUPDGHREWHQomRGHPDWpULD
prima e energia desses microrganismos.
O alto poder de reproduo, originando milhares de
descendentes geneticamente idnticos entre si e a
diversidade metablica, considerando processos
aerbicos e anaerbicos para a obteno de energia.
Rascunho

Questo 69
A energia eltrica consumida nas residncias medida,
em quilowatt-hora, por meio de um relgio medidor
de consumo. Nesse relgio, da direita para esquerda,
tem-se o ponteiro da unidade, da dezena, da centena
e do milhar. Se um ponteiro estiver entre dois nmeros,
considera-se o ltimo nmero ultrapassado pelo ponteiro.
Suponha que as medidas indicadas nos esquemas
seguintes tenham sido feitas em uma cidade em que o
preo do quilowatt-hora fosse de R$ 0,20.
FILHO , A.G.; BAROLLI, E. Instalao Eltrica. So Paulo: Scipione,1997.
O valor a ser pago pelo consumo de energia eltrica
registrado seria de
R$ 41,80.
R$ 42,00.
R$ 43,00.
R$ 43,80.
R$ 44,00.
Rascunho
2010
Questo 70
2EVHUYH D WDEHOD VHJXLQWH (OD WUD] HVSHFLFDo}HV
WpFQLFDVFRQVWDQWHVQRPDQXDOGHLQVWUXo}HVIRUQHFLGR
pelo fabricante de uma torneira eltrica.
Disponvel em: http://www.cardal.com.br/manualprod/Manuais/Torneira%20Suprema/
-Manual_Torneira_Suprema_roo.pdf
Considerando que o modelo de maior potncia da
verso 220 V da torneira suprema foi inadvertidamente
conectada a uma rede com tenso nominal de 127 V, e
TXHRDSDUHOKRHVWiFRQJXUDGRSDUDWUDEDOKDUHPVXD
mxima potncia. Qual o valor aproximado da potncia
DROLJDUDWRUQHLUD"
1.830 W
2.800 W
3.200 W
4.030 W
5.500 W
Questo 71
Todos os organismos necessitam de gua e grande
parte deles vive em rios, lagos e oceanos. Os processos
biolgicos, como respirao e fotossntese, exercem
SURIXQGD LQXrQFLD QD TXtPLFD GDV iJXDV QDWXUDLV HP
todo o planeta. O oxignio ator dominante na qumica
e na bioqumica da hidrosfera. Devido a sua baixa
VROXELOLGDGHHPiJXDPJD&DGLVSRQLELOLGDGH
de oxignio nos ecossistemas aquticos estabelece
o limite entre a vida aerbica e anaerbica. Nesse
contexto, um parmetro chamado Demanda Bioqumica
GH2[LJrQLR'%2IRLGHQLGRSDUDPHGLUDTXDQWLGDGH
de matria orgnica presente em um sistema hdrico.
A DBO corresponde massa de O2 em miligramas
necessria para realizar a oxidao total do carbono
orgnico em um litro de gua.
BAIRD, C. Quimica Ambiental. Ed. Bookmam, 2005 (adaptado).

'DGRV0DVVDVPRODUHVHPJPRO& + 2 

Suponha que 10 mg de acar (frmula mnima CH2O
e massa molar igual a 30 g/mol) so dissolvidos em um
OLWURGHiJXDHPTXDQWRD'%2VHUiDXPHQWDGD"

0,4 mg de O2/litro
1,7 mg de O2/ litro
2,7 mg de O2/ litro
9,4 mg de O2/ litro
10,7 mg de O2/ litro

CN - 1 dia | Caderno 4 - ROSA - Pgina 20


Questo 72
No que tange tecnologia de combustveis alternativos,
muitos especialistas em energia acreditam que os
alcois vo crescer em importncia em um futuro
prximo. Realmente, alcois como metanol e etanol tm
encontrado alguns nichos para uso domstico como
combustveis h muitas dcadas e, recentemente, vm
obtendo uma aceitao cada vez maior como aditivos,
ou mesmo como substitutos para gasolina em veculos.
Algumas das propriedades fsicas desses combustveis
so mostradas no quadro seguinte.
Densidade
lcool a 25 C
(g/mL)
Metanol
0,79
(CH3OH)
Etanol
0,79
(CH3CH2OH)
BAIRD, C. Qumica Ambiental. So Paulo: Artmed, 1995 (adaptado).
'DGRV0DVVDVPRODUHVHPJPRO+ & 2 
Considere que, em pequenos volumes, o custo de produo
de ambos os alcois seja o mesmo. Dessa forma, do ponto
de vista econmico, mais vantajoso utilizar
metanol, pois sua combusto completa
aproximadamente 22,7 kJ de energia por
combustvel queimado.
etanol, pois sua combusto completa
aproximadamente 29,7 kJ de energia por
combustvel queimado.
metanol, pois sua combusto completa
aproximadamente 17,9 MJ de energia por
combustvel queimado.
etanol, pois sua combusto completa
aproximadamente 23,5 MJ de energia por
combustvel queimado.
etanol, pois sua combusto completa
aproximadamente 33,7 MJ de energia por
combustvel queimado.
Rascunho
CN - 1 dia | Caderno 4 - ROSA - Pgina 21
2010
Questo 73
Calor de
Combusto
(kJ/mol)
-726,0
-1367,0
Dois pesquisadores percorreram os trajetos marcados
no mapa. A tarefa deles foi analisar os ecossistemas e,
encontrando problemas, relatar e propor medidas de
recuperao. A seguir, so reproduzidos trechos aleatrios
extrados dos relatrios desses dois pesquisadores.
fornece
litro de Trechos aleatrios extrados do relatrio do pesquisador P1:
I. Por causa da diminuio drstica das espcies
fornece
vegetais deste ecossistema, como os pinheiros, a
litro de
gralha azul tambm est em processo de extino.
fornece II. As rvores de troncos tortuosos e cascas
litro de grossas que predominam nesse ecossistema
fornece esto sendo utilizadas em carvoarias.
litro de
Trechos aleatrios extrados do relatrio do pesquisador P2:
fornece III. Das palmeiras que predominam nesta regio
litro de
podem ser extradas substncias importantes
para a economia regional.
IV. Apesar da aridez desta regio, em que
encontramos muitas plantas espinhosas, no se
pode desprezar a sua biodiversidade.
Ecossistemas brasileiros: mapa da distribuio dos ecossistemas. Disponvel em:
http://educacao.uol.com.br/ciencias/ult1686u52.jhtm. Acesso em: 20 abr. 2010 (adaptado).
Os trechos I, II, III e IV referem-se, pela ordem, aos
seguintes ecossistemas:
Caatinga, Cerrado, Zona dos cocais e Floresta Amaznica.
Mata de Araucrias, Cerrado, Zona dos cocais e Caatinga.
Manguezais, Zona dos cocais, Cerrado e Mata Atlntica.
Floresta Amaznica, Cerrado, Mata Atlntica e Pampas.
Mata Atlntica, Cerrado, Zona dos cocais e Pantanal.

Questo 74
A eletrlise muito empregada na indstria com o objetivo
de reaproveitar parte dos metais sucateados. O cobre,
por exemplo, um dos metais com maior rendimento
no processo de eletrlise, com uma recuperao de
aproximadamente 99,9%. Por ser um metal de alto valor
FRPHUFLDO H GH P~OWLSODV DSOLFDo}HV VXD UHFXSHUDomR
torna-se vivel economicamente.
Suponha que, em um processo de recuperao de cobre
puro, tenha-se eletrolisado uma soluo de sulfato de
cobre (II) (CuSO4) durante 3 h, empregando-se uma
corrente eltrica de intensidade igual a 10 A. A massa de
cobre puro recuperada de aproximadamente
'DGRV&RQVWDQWHGH)DUDGD\) &PRO0DVVD
PRODUHPJPRO&X 
0,02 g.
0,04 g.
2,40 g.
35,5 g.
71,0 g.
Rascunho
2010
Questo 75
A composio mdia de uma bateria automotiva esgotada
de aproximadamente 32% Pb, 3% PbO, 17% PbO2
e 36% PbSO4. A mdia de massa da pasta residual de
uma bateria usada de 6 kg, onde 19% PbO2, 60%
PbSO4 e 21% Pb. Entre todos os compostos de chumbo
presentes na pasta, o que mais preocupa o sulfato
de chumbo (II), pois nos processos pirometalrgicos,
em que os compostos de chumbo (placas das baterias)
so fundidos, h a converso de sulfato em dixido de
enxofre, gs muito poluente.
3DUD UHGX]LU R SUREOHPD GDV HPLVV}HV GH 622(g), a
indstria pode utilizar uma planta mista, ou seja, utilizar
o processo hidrometalrgico, para a dessulfurao antes
da fuso do composto de chumbo. Nesse caso, a reduo
de sulfato presente no PbSO4 feita via lixiviao com
soluo de carbonato de sdio (Na2CO3) 1M a 45 C, em
que se obtm o carbonato de chumbo (II) com rendimento
de 91%. Aps esse processo, o material segue para a
fundio para obter o chumbo metlico.
PbSO4 + Na2CO33E&23 + Na2SO4
'DGRV0DVVDV0RODUHVHPJPRO3E 6 1D 
2 & 
ARAJO, R. V. V.; TINDADE, R. B. E.; SOARES, P. S. M. Reciclagem de chumbo de bateria auto-
motiva: estudo de caso. Disponvel em: http://www.iqsc.usp.br. Acesso em: 17 abr. 2010 (adaptado).
6HJXQGR DV FRQGLo}HV GR SURFHVVR DSUHVHQWDGR
para a obteno de carbonato de chumbo (II)
por meio da lixiviao por carbonato de sdio e
considerando uma massa de pasta residual de uma
bateria de 6 kg, qual quantidade aproximada, em
quilogramas, de PbCO 3pREWLGD"
1,7 kg
1,9 kg
2,9 kg
3,3 kg
3,6 kg
Rascunho
CN - 1 dia | Caderno 4 - ROSA - Pgina 22

Questo 76
Investigadores das Universidades de Oxford e da
Califrnia desenvolveram uma variedade de Aedes
aegypti JHQHWLFDPHQWH PRGLFDGD TXH p FDQGLGDWD
para uso na busca de reduo na transmisso do vrus
da dengue. Nessa nova variedade de mosquito, as
fmeas no conseguem voar devido interrupo do
GHVHQYROYLPHQWR GR P~VFXOR GDV DVDV $ PRGLFDomR
gentica introduzida um gene dominante condicional,
isso , o gene tem expresso dominante (basta apenas
uma cpia do alelo) e este s atua nas fmeas.
FU, G. et al. )HPDOHVSHFLFLJKWOHVVSKHQRW\SHIRUPRVTXLWRFRQWURO
PNAS 107 (10): 4550-4554, 2010.
Prev-se, porm, que a utilizao dessa variedade
de Aedes aegypti demore ainda anos para ser
implementada, pois h demanda de muitos estudos com
relao ao impacto ambiental. A liberao de machos
de Aedes aegypti dessa variedade geneticamente
PRGLFDGDUHGX]LULDRQ~PHURGHFDVRVGHGHQJXHHP
uma determinada regio porque
diminuiria o sucesso reprodutivo desses machos
transgnicos.
 UHVWULQJLULDDiUHDJHRJUiFDGHYRRGHVVDHVSpFLH
de mosquito.
 GLFXOWDULD D FRQWDPLQDomR H UHSURGXomR GR YHWRU
natural da doena.
tornaria o mosquito menos resistente ao agente
etiolgico da doena.
 GLFXOWDULD D REWHQomR GH DOLPHQWRV SHORV PDFKRV
JHQHWLFDPHQWHPRGLFDGRV
Questo 77
Duas irms que dividem o mesmo quarto de estudos
combinaram de comprar duas caixas com tampas para
guardarem seus pertences dentro de suas caixas,
evitando, assim, a baguna sobre a mesa de estudos.
Uma delas comprou uma metlica, e a outra, uma caixa
de madeira de rea e espessura lateral diferentes, para
IDFLOLWDUDLGHQWLFDomR8PGLDDVPHQLQDVIRUDPHVWXGDU
para a prova de Fsica e, ao se acomodarem na mesa de
estudos, guardaram seus celulares ligados dentro de suas
FDL[DV$RORQJRGHVVHGLDXPDGHODVUHFHEHXOLJDo}HV
telefnicas, enquanto os amigos da outra tentavam ligar
e recebiam a mensagem de que o celular estava fora da
rea de cobertura ou desligado.
3DUDH[SOLFDUHVVDVLWXDomRXPItVLFRGHYHULDDUPDUTXH
o material da caixa, cujo telefone celular no recebeu as
OLJDo}HVpGH
madeira, e o telefone no funcionava porque a
madeira no um bom condutor de eletricidade.
metal, e o telefone no funcionava devido
blindagem eletrosttica que o metal proporcionava.
metal, e o telefone no funcionava porque o metal
UHHWLDWRGRWLSRGHUDGLDomRTXHQHOHLQFLGLD
metal, e o telefone no funcionava porque a rea
lateral da caixa de metal era maior.
madeira, e o telefone no funcionava porque a
espessura desta caixa era maior que a espessura da
caixa de metal.
CN - 1 dia | Caderno 4 - ROSA - Pgina 23
2010
Questo 78
No ano de 2004, diversas mortes de animais por
envenenamento no zoolgico de So Paulo foram
evidenciadas. Estudos tcnicos apontam suspeita de
LQWR[LFDomR SRU PRQRXRUDFHWDWR GH VyGLR FRQKHFLGR
como composto 1080 e ilegalmente comercializado como
UDWLFLGD 2 PRQRXRUDFHWDWR GH VyGLR p XP GHULYDGR
GR iFLGR PRQRXRUDFpWLFR H DJH QR RUJDQLVPR GRV
mamferos bloqueando o ciclo de Krebs, que pode levar
parada da respirao celular oxidativa e ao acmulo de
amnia na circulao.
PRQRXRUDFHWDWRGHVyGLR
Disponvel em: http://www1.folha.uol.com.br. Acesso em: 05 ago. 2010 (adaptado).
2PRQRXRUDFHWDWRGHVyGLRSRGHVHUREWLGRSHOD
desidratDomR GR iFLGR PRQRXRUDFpWLFR FRP
liberao de gua.
 KLGUyOLVH GR iFLGR PRQRXRUDFpWLFR VHP IRUPDomR
de gua.
 SHUGD GH tRQV KLGUR[LOD GR iFLGR PRQRXRUDFpWLFR
com liberao de hidrxido de sdio.
 QHXWUDOL]DomR GR iFLGR PRQRXRUDFpWLFR XVDQGR
hidrxido de sdio, com liberao de gua.
substituio dos ons hidrognio por sdio na
HVWUXWXUDGRiFLGRPRQRXRUDFpWLFRVHPIRUPDomR
de gua.
Questo 79
$VPRELOL]Do}HVSDUDSURPRYHUXPSODQHWDPHOKRUSDUD
DVIXWXUDVJHUDo}HVVmRFDGDYH]PDLVIUHTXHQWHV$PDLRU
parte dos meios de transporte de massa atualmente
movida pela queima de um combustvel fssil. A ttulo de
H[HPSOLFDomRGR{QXVFDXVDGRSRUHVVDSUiWLFDEDVWD
saber que um carro produz, em mdia, cerca de 200 g de
dixido de carbono por km percorrido.
Revista Aquecimento Global. Ano 2, n 8. Publicao do Instituto Brasileiro de Cultura Ltda.
Um dos principais constituintes da gasolina o octano
(C8H18). Por meio da combusto do octano possvel a
liberao de energia, permitindo que o carro entre em
movimento. A equao que representa a reao qumica
desse processo demonstra que
no processo h liberao de oxignio, sob a forma
de O2.
 R FRHFLHQWH HVWHTXLRPpWULFR SDUD D iJXD p GH 
para 1 do octano.
no processo h consumo de gua, para que haja
liberao de energia.
 R FRHFLHQWH HVWHTXLRPpWULFR SDUD R R[LJrQLR p GH
12,5 para 1 do octano.
 RFRHFLHQWHHVWHTXLRPpWULFRSDUDRJiVFDUE{QLFRp
de 9 para 1 do octano.
 2010
Questo 80 Questo 81
Durante uma obra em um clube, um grupo de Os pesticidas modernos so divididos em vrias classes,
trabalhadores teve de remover uma escultura de ferro entre as quais se destacam os organofosforados,
macio colocada no fundo de uma piscina vazia. Cinco materiais que apresentam efeito txico agudo para os
trabalhadores amarraram cordas escultura e tentaram seres humanos. Esses pesticidas contm um tomo
pux-la para cima, sem sucesso. central de fsforo ao qual esto ligados outros tomos
ou grupo de tomos como oxignio, enxofre, grupos
6HDSLVFLQDIRUSUHHQFKLGDFRPiJXDFDUiPDLVIiFLO metoxi ou etoxi, ou um radical orgnico de cadeia longa.
para os trabalhadores removerem a escultura, pois a Os organofosforados so divididos em trs subclasses:
Tipo A, na qual o enxofre no se incorpora na molcula;
 HVFXOWXUD XWXDUi 'HVVD IRUPD RV KRPHQV QmR Tipo B, na qual o oxignio, que faz dupla ligao com
precisaro fazer fora para remover a escultura do fsforo, substitudo pelo enxofre; e Tipo C, no qual dois
oxignios so substitudos por enxofre.
fundo.
BAIRD, C. Qumica Ambiental. Bookmam, 2005.
 HVFXOWXUD FDUi FRP SHVR PHQRU 'HVVD IRUPD
a intensidade da fora necessria para elevar a Um exemplo de pesticida organofosforado Tipo B, que
escultura ser menor. apresenta grupo etoxi em sua frmula estrutural, est
gua exercer uma fora na escultura proporcional representado em:
a sua massa, e para cima. Esta fora se somar
fora que os trabalhadores fazem para anular a ao
da fora peso da escultura.
gua exercer uma fora na escultura para baixo,
e esta passar a receber uma fora ascendente do
piso da piscina. Esta fora ajudar a anular a ao
da fora peso na escultura.
gua exercer uma fora na escultura proporcional
ao seu volume, e para cima. Esta fora se somar
fora que os trabalhadores fazem, podendo resultar
em uma fora ascendente maior que o peso da
escultura.

Rascunho

CN - 1 dia | Caderno 4 - ROSA - Pgina 24

 2010
Questo 82 Questo 83
As baterias de Ni-Cd muito utilizadas no nosso cotidiano Um grupo de cientistas liderado por pesquisadores
no devem ser descartadas em lixos comuns uma do Instituto de Tecnologia da Califrnia (Caltech), nos
vez que uma considervel quantidade de cdmio Estados Unidos, construiu o primeiro metamaterial que
volatilizada e emitida para o meio ambiente quando as apresenta valor negativo do ndice de refrao relativo
baterias gastas so incineradas como componente do para a luz visvel. Denomina-se metamaterial um material
lixo. Com o objetivo de evitar a emisso de cdmio para ySWLFR DUWLFLDO WULGLPHQVLRQDO IRUPDGR SRU SHTXHQDV
a atmosfera durante a combusto indicado que seja estruturas menores do que o comprimento de onda
feita a reciclagem dos materiais dessas baterias. da luz, o que lhe d propriedades e comportamentos
Uma maneira de separar o cdmio dos demais compostos que no so encontrados em materiais naturais. Esse
presentes na bateria realizar o processo de lixiviao material tem sido chamado de canhoto.
cida. Nela, tanto os metais (Cd, Ni e eventualmente Disponvel em: http://www.inovacaotecnologica.com.br. Acesso em: 28 abr. 2010 (adaptado).
Co) como os hidrxidos de ons metlicos Cd(OH)2(s),
Ni(OH)2(s) , Co(OH)2(s) presentes na bateria, reagem Considerando o comportamento atpico desse
com uma mistura cida e so solubilizados. Em funo PHWDPDWHULDOTXDOpDJXUDTXHUHSUHVHQWDDUHIUDomR
da baixa seletividade (todos os ons metlicos so GDOX]DRSDVVDUGRDUSDUDHVVHPHLR"
solubilizados), aps a digesto cida, realizada uma
etapa de extrao dos metais com solventes orgnicos
de acordo com a reao:
M2+(aq) + 2 HR(org) U MR2(org) + 2 H+(aq)
Onde :
M2+ &G2+ , Ni2+ ou Co2+
+5 &16H34 PO2+LGHQWLFDGRQRJUiFRSRUX
H5 &12H12 PO2+LGHQWLFDGRQRJUiFRSRUY
2 JUico mostra resultado da extrao utilizando os
solventes orgnicos X e Y em diferentes pH.

Disponvel em: http://www.scielo.br. Acesso em 28 abr. 2010.

A reao descrita no texto mostra o processo de extrao
dos metais por meio da reao com molculas orgnicas,
X e Y. Considerando-se as estruturas de X e Y e o
SURFHVVRGHVHSDUDomRGHVFULWRSRGHVHDUPDUTXH

as molculas X e Y atuam como extratores catinicos

uma vez que a parte polar da molcula troca o on H+
pelo ction do metal.
as molculas X e Y atuam como extratores aninicos
uma vez que a parte polar da molcula troca o on H+
pelo ction do metal.
as molculas X e Y atuam como extratores catinicos
uma vez que a parte apolar da molcula troca o on
pelo ction do metal.
as molculas X e Y atuam como extratores aninicos
uma vez que a parte polar da molcula troca o on
pelo ction do metal.
as molculas X e Y ID]HP  OLJDo}HV FRP RV tRQV
metlicos resultando em compostos com carter
DSRODURTXHMXVWLFDDHFiFLDGDH[WUDomR
CN - 1 dia | Caderno 4 - ROSA - Pgina 25

Questo 84
Ao colocar um pouco de acar na gua e mexer at a
obteno de uma s fase, prepara-se uma soluo. O
mesmo acontece ao se adicionar um pouquinho de sal
gua e misturar bem. Uma substncia capaz de dissolver
o soluto denominada solvente; por exemplo, a gua
um solvente para o acar, para o sal e para vrias outras
VXEVWkQFLDV$JXUDDVHJXLULOXVWUDHVVDFLWDomR
Disponvel em: www.sobiologia.com.br. Acesso em: 27 abr. 2010.
Suponha que uma pessoa, para adoar seu cafezinho,
tenha utilizado 3,42 g de sacarose (massa molar igual a
2010
Questo 85
Deciso de asfaltamento da rodovia MG-010,
acompanhada da introduo de espcies exticas, e a
SUiWLFDGHLQFrQGLRVFULPLQRVRVDPHDoDPRVRVWLFDGR
ecossistema do campo rupestre da reserva da Serra do
Espinhao. As plantas nativas desta regio, altamente
adaptadas a uma alta concentrao de alumnio, que
LQLEH R FUHVFLPHQWR GDV UDt]HV H GLFXOWDP D DEVRUomR
de nutrientes e gua, esto sendo substitudas por
espcies invasoras que no teriam naturalmente
adaptao para este ambiente, no entanto elas esto
dominando as margens da rodovia, equivocadamente
chamada de estrada ecolgica. Possivelmente a
entrada de espcies de plantas exticas neste ambiente
foi provocada pelo uso, neste empreendimento, de um
tipo de asfalto (cimento-solo), que possui uma mistura
ULFD HP FiOFLR TXH FDXVRX PRGLFDo}HV TXtPLFDV DRV
solos adjacentes rodovia MG-010.
6FLHQWLF$PHULFDQ%UDVLO. Ano 7, n 79, 2008 (adaptado).
(VVD DUPDomR Easeia-se no uso de cimento-solo,
mistura rica em clcio que
inibe a toxicidade do alumnio, elevando o pH dessas
JPROSDUDXPD[tFDUDGHPGROtTXLGR4XDOpD reas.
FRQFHQWUDomRQDOHPPROGHVDFDURVHQHVVHFDIH]LQKR" inibe a toxicidade do alumnio, reduzindo o pH
dessas reas.
0,02 aumenta a toxicidade do alumnio, elevando o pH
0,2 dessas reas.
2 aumenta a toxicidade do alumnio, reduzindo o pH
200 dessas reas.
2000 neutraliza a toxicidade do alumnio, reduzindo o pH
dessas reas.
Rascunho
Questo 86
De 15% a 20% da rea de um canavial precisa ser
renovada anualmente. Entre o perodo de corte e o de
plantao de novas canas, os produtores esto optando
SRU SODQWDU OHJXPLQRVDV SRLV HODV [DP QLWURJrQLR QR
solo, um adubo natural para a cana. Essa opo de
rotao agronomicamente favorvel, de forma que
municpios canavieiros so hoje grandes produtores de
soja, amendoim e feijo.
As encruzilhadas da fome. Planeta. So Paulo, ano 36, n. 430, jul. 2008 (adaptado).

$ URWDomR GH FXOWXUDV FLWDGD QR WH[WR SRGH EHQHFLDU

economicamente os produtores de cana porque

a decomposio da cobertura morta dessas culturas

resulta em economia na aquisio de adubos
industrializados.
o plantio de cana-de-acar propicia um solo mais
adequado para o cultivo posterior da soja, do
amendoim e do feijo.
as leguminosas absorvem do solo elementos
qumicos diferentes dos absorvidos pela cana,
restabelecendo o equilbrio do solo.
a queima dos restos vegetais do cultivo da cana-
de-acar transforma-se em cinzas, sendo
reincorporadas ao solo, o que gera economia na
aquisio de adubo.
a soja, o amendoim e o feijo, alm de possibilitarem
a incorporao ao solo de determinadas molculas
disponveis na atmosfera, so gros comercializados
no mercado produtivo.
CN - 1 dia | Caderno 4 - ROSA - Pgina 26

Questo 87
Trs dos quatro tipos de testes atualmente empregados
para a deteco de prons patognicos em tecidos
FHUHEUDLV GH JDGR PRUWR VmR PRVWUDGRV QDV JXUDV D
VHJXLU8PDYH]LGHQWLFDGRXPDQLPDOPRUWRLQIHFWDGR
funcionrios das agncias de sade pblica e fazendeiros
podem remov-lo do suprimento alimentar ou rastrear os
alimentos infectados que o animal possa ter consumido.
Legenda : PrPSC protenas do Pron
6FLHQWLF$PHULFDQ%UDVLO, ago. 2004 (adaptado).
Analisando os testes I, II e III, para a deteco de
SUtRQVSDWRJrQLFRVLGHQWLTXHDVFRQGLo}HVHPTXHRV
resultados foram positivos para a presena de prons
nos trs testes:
Animal A, lmina B e gel A.
Animal A, lmina A e gel B.
Animal B, lmina A e gel B.
Animal B, lmina B e gel A.
Animal A, lmina B e gel B.
CN - 1 dia | Caderno 4 - ROSA - Pgina 27
2010
Questo 88
'LYHUVRVFRPSRUWDPHQWRVHIXQo}HVVLROyJLFDVGRQRVVR
FRUSR VmR SHULyGLFRV VHQGR DVVLP VmR FODVVLFDGRV
como ritmo biolgico. Quando o ritmo biolgico responde
a um perodo aproximado de 24 horas, ele denominado
ritmo circadiano. Esse ritmo dirio mantido pelas pistas
ambientais de claro-escuro e determina comportamentos
como o ciclo do sono-viglia e o da alimentao. Uma
SHVVRD HP FRQGLo}HV QRUPDLV DFRUGD jV  K H YDL
dormir s 21 h, mantendo seu ciclo de sono dentro do
ritmo dia e noite. Imagine que essa mesma pessoa tenha
sido mantida numa sala totalmente escura por mais de
quinze dias. Ao sair de l, ela dormia s 18 h e acordava
s 3 h da manh. Alm disso, dormia mais vezes durante
o dia, por curtos perodos de tempo, e havia perdido a
noo da contagem dos dias, pois, quando saiu, achou
que havia passado muito mais tempo no escuro.
BRANDO, M. L. 3VLFRVLRORJLD. So Paulo: Atheneu, 2000 (adaptado).
Em funo das caractersticas observadas, conclui-se
que a pessoa
apresentou aumento do seu perodo de sono
contnuo e passou a dormir durante o dia, pois
seu ritmo biolgico foi alterado apenas no perodo
noturno.
apresentou pouca alterao do seu ritmo circadiano,
sendo que sua noo de tempo foi alterada somente
pela sua falta de ateno passagem do tempo.
estava com seu ritmo j alterado antes de entrar na
VDODRTXHVLJQLFDTXHDSHQDVSURJUHGLXSDUDXP
estado mais avanado de perda do ritmo biolgico
no escuro.
teve seu ritmo biolgico alterado devido ausncia
de luz e de contato com o mundo externo, no qual a
noo de tempo de um dia modulada pela presena
ou ausncia do sol.
deveria no ter apresentado nenhuma mudana do
seu perodo de sono porque, na realidade, continua
com o seu ritmo normal, independentemente do
ambiente em que seja colocada.
Rascunho
 2010
Questo 89 Rascunho
O lixo que recebia 130 toneladas de lixo e contaminava
a regio com o seu chorume (lquido derivado da
decomposio de compostos orgnicos) foi recuperado,
transformando-se em um aterro sanitrio controlado,
mudando a qualidade de vida e a paisagem e
SURSRUFLRQDQGR FRQGLo}HV GLJQDV GH WUDEDOKR SDUD RV
que dele subsistiam.
Revista Promoo da Sade da Secretaria de Polticas de Sade.
Ano 1, n 4, dez. 2000 (adaptado).

Quais procedimentos tcnicos tornam o aterro sanitrio

mais vantajoso que o lixo, em relao s problemticas
DERUGDGDVQRWH[WR"

O lixo recolhido e incinerado pela combusto a

altas temperaturas.
O lixo hospitalar separado para ser enterrado e
sobre ele, colocada cal virgem.
O lixo orgnico e inorgnico encoberto, e o chorume
canalizado para ser tratado e neutralizado.
O lixo orgnico completamente separado do lixo
inorgnico, evitando a formao de chorume.
O lixo industrial separado e acondicionado de
forma adequada, formando uma bolsa de resduos.
Questo 90

Deseja-se instalar uma estao de gerao de energia

eltrica em um municpio localizado no interior de um
pequeno vale cercado de altas montanhas de difcil
acesso. A cidade cruzada por um rio, que fonte de gua
para consumo, irrigao das lavouras de subsistncia e
pesca. Na regio, que possui pequena extenso territorial,
a incidncia solar alta o ano todo. A estao em questo
ir abastecer apenas o municpio apresentado.

Qual forma de obteno de energia, entre as

apresentadas, a mais indicada para ser implantada
nesse municpio de modo a causar o menor impacto
DPELHQWDO"

Termeltrica, pois possvel utilizar a gua do rio no

sistema de refrigerao.
 (yOLFD SRLV D JHRJUDD GR ORFDO p SUySULD SDUD D
captao desse tipo de energia.
Nuclear, pois o modo de resfriamento de seus
sistemas no afetaria a populao.
Fotovoltaica, pois possvel aproveitar a energia
solar que chega superfcie do local.
Hidreltrica, pois o rio que corta o municpio
VXFLHQWHSDUDDEDVWHFHUDXVLQDFRQVWUXtGD
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 2010
Rascunho Rascunho

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 2010
Rascunho Rascunho

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