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IELTS
TO LINH
1 . Tranh ngon ngu chi dung cho cac trudng hop giao tiep thong
x . "

thu dng . Tit vd cum fu informal dude doi sang dang formal hdn:
1

Verbs - informal & Formal

A Informal Formal
*
r. say sorry
go up
apologize apologise
increase
;

go down decrease
setup establish
look at examine
blowup explode
find out discover
bring about cause
put off postpone, delay
rack up accumulate
make up fabricate
k
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IELTS
TO LINH
verbs - Informal & Formal
*
stand for represent
find out discover ascertain
k leave out omit
point out indicate
go against oppose
get in touch with contact
It s about .
It concerns It sin regards to
need to required
think about consider
get obtain
put up tolerate
% deal with handle
i
V
1
IELTSI
TO LINHI
Verbs - Informal & Formal
3
seem appear
show demonstrate illustrate, portray
k start commence
f keep retain
free release
get on someone s nerves bother
: ring up call
show up arrive
let permit
fill in substitute, inform
block undermine
give the go ahead , greenlight authorize, authorise
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Transitions - Informal & Formal

IELTS1
TO LINHl
I
i
Informal Formal
Am ways Nevertheless
PLus /AIso Moreover ' Furthermore
But However
So Therefore Thus
k
Also .
In addition Additionally
ASAP as soon as possible/ at your earliest convenience
Okay OK acceptable
In the meantime In the interim
I think In my opinion.
In the end. Finally
1
To sum up In conclusion.
In a nutsheEBasically To summarize .
Anyway. Notwithstanding
All right Acceptable
Well-
To top it all off .
On top of it all.
>
 IELTS
TO LINH
Emphasis Words - Informal & Formal
> Informal Formal
lots o f / 1 lot of much many
tons of heaps of large quantities of: a number of
totally completely strongly
really very definitely

Letter Expressions - Informal & Formal

Informal Formal
Hi Robert , Dear Sir or Madam
Just wanted to let you know .. , I am writing to inform you .

Love : .
Yours sincerely Yours faithfully .
Cheers,
Yours Truly. Best regards kind regards
,

Hope to hear from you soon I look forward to hearing from you
i You can call me if you need anything Please do not hesitate to contact me
A
 IELTS
Abbreviations - Informal & Formal TO LINH

> Informal Formal

ASAP as soon as possible
T.V television
photo photograph
cell cell phone
net Internet
Slang - Informal & Formal
Informal Formal
kids children
bad negative
good positive
really big considerable
right correct
wrong incorrect
smart intelligent
cheap inexpensive
loaded rich
>
 IELTS
2 . Khong viet- tat
fc . . S
TO LINH

> Contractions with I you , he

she it , we , and they
.
. . Contractions dth auxiliary verb
and not
Other contractions

in = am (I m ) The contraction for not is My sister s got married . = My sister

'

nt : has got married

he = are (youre, were, arent = are not (we aren t , you John ll be verv happv. = John will be
they re) aren t ) very' happy .
s = is and has {he's, she's , can ' t = cannot Heres the coffee. = Here is the coffee.
. ith )
ve = have ( ve: you ve, couldnt = could not Theres your watch. = There is your
weve , they ve) watch.
11 = will (TIL youll, hell, didn t = did not (I didnt , they Nows your chance. = Now is your
she ll, it ll, well, thevll) didnt ) chance.
d
= had and would (Td. hasn t has not Where s the milk? = Where is the
you dThe d : she d , it d wed ; 7
milk
they d )
hav ent = have not What s happened? = What has
happened ?
isn t = is not (sheisn t, it isn t)
- must not
mustn t
shan t = shall not
shouldnt = should not
wasn t = was not
werent = were not
won't = will not
wouldnt = would not
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IELTS
3. Chia dung dang cua dong TO LINH
Proverb luon luon chia so ft:

anyone everything something

anybody whatever no one
r anything who ever/whom ever nobodv
everyone someone nothing
everybody somebody

Proverb luon luon chia so nhieu:

both many several

tew others
 IELTS
TO LINH

> Proverb tuy iheo truOng hop:

Some, alt, any, and most None Neither, Either

Theo sau no la danh 10 dem
WvWVWw W VWvW W%rt W/vWv
Theo sau la- danh tCr dem dwe
WVW W vwww
Chia theo dong tO so ft.
WVVWVWVUWWWvWVW WA Vw
' VWWWw

du'ocso- ft hay* VWVWAM

khong dem dime so ft hay* khpngdem dutfc thl * Ex:Neither of my arms is strong
-
.
VvWv rW y WAWfii
' W \Ar VyVWWf \W Vv WAMA/V VWW

thlchia- dongtiYso- ft. dongti> so rt.

chia VWWMVW enough to lift that suitcase.
r VWv VWWS W WvW V\V VW Vv

Theo sau no w la danh ti> dem

VWAW V WMWv
WAW

Theo WVWWVV
SW= Vv

sau no la danh 10 dem-

VA WAWyV VW VWsVA
Either of us is capable of doing
dime so nhieuthl chia VvVWMVW
VWWVW VW VWWWVWWV VWWv
dongtu' dirorcso nhieuthl chia SVWvftVW
WiAW
dongtu'
WA VvWvMVWrt WvWv
the work.
sonhteu
VW vwwwvv
. sort HOACsonhieudeudimc
VWVWWWWWWVVW VWWWVVWW\f
* wwww'
, Ll/UY: Either/or va Neither/nor
Ex: Some of the bananas are vww WWVAWWAAAAWVWVWVW
nghTa
tuy theo truernghap va y VrftVWA #
chia theo chu tCrgan
wwwvvwwwVww vyA BWA
dongtCr
WWAIWVW

brown. ngi > canh.

VVUVVVvWvWr
nhat.
WvWW

Some of the banana is brown.
Some of the dogs, most of the
cake, any of the individuals,
v.v...
VAW
Ex: None of the ice cream was Ex: Either the father or the
leftover. mother has to attend the
None of my friends are going to meeting.
a play tonight. Neither Leila nor Nancy JS going
None of the inmates was given to write the report.
a fair trial. Either Sue or the girls are going
to prepare dinnertonight .
Neitherthe teacher northe
students were in the classroom
this morning.

>
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IELTS
4. Trdnh dung idiom , phrase , each dien dat cua van noi .
* TO LINH

> Idioms Informal Phrases bouncer

about to bowl of cherries
in advance be broke
alive and kicking to. brush up on sth.
* all of a sudden buck
all over the place butt
to go from bad to worse buzz
to bag sth. Buzz off !
beat -up a close call
to do the best like cat and dog
blabber to catch sth
toblagsth. to catch (a) cold
bloody not to have a due
to be blue Come off it !
i a closed book as far as I 'm concerned
 ~
V , . T IIm HfT
.
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1
IELTSI
4. Tranh dung idiom , phrase , each dien dat cua van noi . TO LINHI

>
Think nothing of it. as white as snow
to be on time no wonder
kr to take one' s time a word in your ear
tipple Words fail me.
f tomato-red hair to eat one' s words
to loose track in other words
* to take turns to have words with sb.
I Watch your step. to work like a dog
like water on a hot stone would rather
to wear many hats to wow sb.
to feel under the weather to zing through sth.
when push comes to shove
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4. Tranh dung idiom , phrase , each dien dat cua van noi . IELTS
V TO LINH

> to get cold feet

to get fed up with sth.
light as rain
to sack sb .
to get rid of sth. scruffy
to get sth. to see about
r to take sth. for granted sharpish
greasy spoon to sing like an angel
groovy to be in someone' s shoes
guy to shut up
had better can t stand
on the other hand in the sticks
to give a hand to stick sth.y'sb.
hard graft stroppy
by heart stuff
hip Take it easy.
to hold s.o.'s horses telly
i to be hooked on sth. thick
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IELTS
4. Trdnh dung idiom , phrase , each dien dat cua van noi .
* TO LINH

to eat like a pig from now on

everv now and then old fart
every other pint
* to see eye to eye to be pissed off
fair enough pitdidark
fiddle plonk
to keep the fingers crossed to come to the point
flutter to pop in
folk to put in a word for sb.
for free prett v much
freak out out of the question
tndge quid
to get a lot of stick red tape
i
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IELTS
4. Trdnh dung idiom , phrase , each dien dat cua van noi .
* TO LINH

> cop to jump down sb.'s throat

comer shop knackered
cram school to keep an eye on sth./sb.
on credit little by little
* cut to look forward to sb.
damned to make ends meet
to drive like the devil to make friends easily
to dig in one s heels to make oneself at home
dirt cheap to make the most
to disrespect sb . to make up one' s mind
to do one' s best mash
to do someone good What s the matter?
to do without to be mean
down under to meet sb. halfway
i to be up to one s ears to mess around
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\\ A A!
-
IELTSI
TO LINHl
5. Khong bat dau cdu bang and hay but
* Neu bat dau cdu bdng And hay But thi do chihh la loi fragment
.
khong phai 1a mot cdu hoan chlnh Cach dung coordinating
conjunction de lien ket cdu: (FANBOYS - For, And, Nor, But, Or,
;
Yet So)
Ex: This next chapter has a lot of difficult information in it, so you
should start studying right away.
*
Ex: Participants could leave the study at any time, and they
needed to indicate their preference .

!
Ex: Participants could leave the study at any time, but they
needed to indicate their preference ,
LUU y;khi them coordinating conjunction vao giufa cdu thl phai
them dau phay d phia trade.
r,
1 IELTSI
6. Khong dung ngoi thtf nhcit hay chu tu mang tfnh ca. LINHI
TO

* nhan. (I, we, you, ..)

Ex: I was affected in three different ways. ->Three different effects

j were felt.

Ex: I want first to provide some background. ->it is necessary first

to provide some background.

Ex: I believe that reading helps grammar learning. ->lt can be

said that unhealthy food should be taxed. v

*
 w V 1 , .
IELTS
8. Tranh dung ngon ngtf khang djnh. TOLINHI

Vdi nguyen tac khong c6 gi 1a dung tuyet doi va co nhieu idea

chung ta khong the biet chac dUdc 1a no dung hay sai, hay co

\ bang chCfng nao khong, nen sQ dung nhQng ngon nguf khong
khang dinh nhu probably seem to, most likely to, may, might,
appear to, v.v. Ja each lam bai viet trdn en trung lap va chinh
fy
xac hdn.
Modal auxiliary verbs: can, could, may, might, should, would
Other modal verbs: appear, look, seem, tend
Probability adjectives: likely, possible, probable, unlikely
Probability adverbs : perhaps, possibly, probably, presumably
Frequency adverbs: generally, usually, often, occasionally, seldom
Ex: The fire was probably caused by a fault in the engine tempe

rature gauge.
Ex: Water shortages may trigger conflict between nations.
Ex: Johnson (2007) appears to ignore the adverse psychological
\ side-effects of this approach.
A