Microwave Communications Division http://www.microwave.harris.

com
R. U. Laine Network Engineering Document. No. 364
4 April 2001 Ver. 2.2

MegaStar 155
Frequency Diversity Improvements Using 1:N Multiline Protection

Introduction
MegaStar 155 microwave radios feature 1:N (one protection channel for N=2-7 traffic bearing channels)
and 2:N multiline digital (Sonet, SDH, ATM, 3DS3, etc.) transport arrangements that provide per-hop
errorless data switching. Per-hop radio-relay link protection configurations differentiate the MegaStar 155
1:N from those N+1 and N+2 multiline arrangements that perform protective switching over multihop
radio-relay sections.

Highly effective protection from equipment (module, card) failures, and large frequency diversity
improvements and errorless data switching in a multipath fade environment, are achieved in MegaStar
155 1:N microwave links.

Objective
The objective of this tutorial is to describe MegaStar 155 antenna coupling arrangements, 1:N frequency
diversity improvement (I1:N) computations, and performance in multiline 1:N links not requiring space
diversity to meet user outage objectives. Although not discussed in this paper, the assignment of space
diversity protection for each receiver is appropriate and often recommended some 1:N multiline radio
links. The following sidebar provides an overview on the use of IF combiners to add space diversity
propagation protection in MegaStar 155 1:N links.

Space Diversity with IF Combining

MegaStar 155 1:N receivers may be optionally configured with advanced dispersion-correcting IF
combiners to add space diversity protection on some hops to lower short-term outage in a multipath fade
environment. In this arrangement, a dual receiver module is assigned to each on-line bearer and standby
protection channel with an integral IF combiner. Since the diversity improvement factor ISD for each RF
bearer channel is then computed independent of the fade activity on any other channel, standard space
diversity improvement models (Vigants, Hosoya) are applied in path calcs for outage prediction.

Since these models are also used in the calculation of ISD in any1+1 hot-standby or 1:1 hybrid diversity
link assigned space diversity protection, ISD improvements with IF combining are not discussed in this
MegaStar 155 1:N applications note. The intent of this tutorial is the application of MegaStar 155 1:N to
links where space diversity is not appropriate or assigned and the frequency diversity improvement factor
I1:N is used for perhaps one or more of the following reasons:

Economics. MegaStar 1:N links using frequency diversity protection from multipath outage are lower
in cost than links assigned space diversity requiring dual receivers and antennas at the end of each
link.

Performance: Space diversity improvement is unnecessary on many 1:N hops when link
performance objectives are met with the I:N I1:N frequency diversity improvement only.

Use of the standby channel for low-priority protection separate traffic: Without IF combining and
space diversity assigned to each RF channel, the protection channel accommodates all multipath

Harris Corporation Microwave Communications Division Document No. 364 Page 1

 activity on bearer channels with errorless data switching. The protection channel thus accepts 2-7
times more short-term outage events than each bearer channel.
Agenda
This MegaStar 155 1:N frequency diversity applications note is organized in the following sections:

1. MegaStar 155s errorless switching, ACU (antenna coupling unit) branching, and antenna feeder
system arrangements which best accommodate a maximum number of N traffic-bearing RF
channels, typically 7 in the 3.7-4.2, 5.9-6.4, and 10.7-11.7 GHz bands, and 1 protection channel,
2. Performance objectives for North American (and also ITU-R) radio-relay systems,
3. A 1:N frequency diversity improvement (I1:N) model most accurately depicting the probability of
outage (severely-errored second ratio, SESR) needed for the prediction of annual North American
(and ITU-R any-month) outage in a 1:N radio-relay link,
4. Examples of I1:N calculations for various 1:N and 2:N link arrangements,
5. Expected behavior of the occasional traffic on the protection channel, and
6. MegaStar 155s ACU branching and antenna feeder system arrangements that optimally
accommodate other numbers of N bearer (2-6) and protection (2) channels.

1. MegaStar 155 1:N Errorless Switching Characteristics

In a frequency diversity configuration, MegaStar 155s per-hop, rather than multihop, 1:N traffic-bearer
data switching to and from the protection channel is errorless in a dynamic multipath fade environment
without assigning dual space diversity receivers and an IF combiner to each RF channel. With 1:N RF
channel frequency separations on each antenna optimally matched to the fade characteristics of each
path, MegaStar 155s data bit alignment (DADEing) and bridging, and receiver data switching, are
anticipatory - i.e. completed before bit errors occur.

MegaStar 155s anticipatory switch algorithms, which rapidly align and switch the 155.52 Mb/s data
without bit errors, are initiated on IF spectrum slope stress and FEC (forward error correction) syndrome
count before bit errors occur. Thus, MegaStar 155 1:N and 2:N radios links, when coupled to single or
dual antenna feeder systems optimally matched to the geoclimatic characteristics of the paths, will meet
AT&T long-haul (as well as Bellcore short-haul and ITU-R high grade) performance objectives in many
links even in a duct-generated rapid multipath fading environment.

Space diversity, with 1+1 IF combined or separate receivers on each MegaStar 155 bearer and
protection channel, is therefore unnecessary to meet per-hop North American long-haul and ITU-R high-
grade performance objectives (scaled from the reference path) in all but the longer 1:N hops deployed in
the most difficult of geoclimatic regions.

As explained below, however, North American (and ITU-R) high-grade performance objectives apply
only to end-to-end digital trunks transported over a multihop radio-relay system. Performance objectives
do not apply to any particular link in the system; thus, as in single-line (1:1 frequency diversity and 1+1
hot standby) systems, the performance of one or more multiline radio-relay links deployed in a difficult
geoclimatic area is relaxed as long as compliance to the end-to-end system performance objective is
assured.

2. Performance Objectives
Radio-relay systems are typically designed for compliance to one of four performance standards (outage
objectives): two for North America (NA) and two for ITU-R regions. The following table compares these
outage objectives for a 40 km (25 mi) link scaled from North American and ITU-R reference paths
(multihop system).

Harris Corporation Microwave Communications Division Document No. 364 Page 2

Although shown scaled for this single radio-relay hop, recognized performance objectives are always
specified for an end-to-end trunk over a multihop radio-relay system, never for a single radio-relay link in
this system. (SES/any-month outage objectives, not addressed in any NA or ITU-R standard, are shown
in the table for comparison purposes only).

One-Way Outage Objectives _

25 mi (40 km) Hop* Reference Path _
Standard or Recommendation SESR _ SES/Any-Month Length_ SES/Any-Month
ITU-R F.634-4 (ITU-T G.821) 0.00000864 23 2500 km 1404
ITU-R F.1189 ( ITU-T G.826) 0.00000240 7 1000 km 156
Bellcore Short Haul (NA) 0.00002080 54 250 mi 533
AT&T Long Haul (NA) 0.00000513 14 1000 mi 533
*Scaled from the Reference Path

1. ITU-R Rec. F.634-4 (High Grade): The ITU-R high-grade one-way SESR performance objective
scaled to this D = 40 km link, per ITU-T Rec. G.821 with radio block allowance, is 0.00054D/2500 =
0.00000864. This equates to a 0.00000864 x 2.6x106 sec/mo = 23 SES/any-month one-way outage
objective.
2. ITU-R Rec. 1189 (Long Haul): The ITU-R long-haul one-way SESR performance objective scaled to
this 40 km link (Lref = 1000 km, BR = 0.5), per ITU-T Rec. G.826, is 0.00000240. This equates to a 7
SES/any-month one-way outage objective.
3. North American Short Haul. The North American Bellcore short-haul (about 250 mi/400 km) system
one-way outage objective of 1600 SES/yr scaled to this 25 mi link is 160 SES/yr. This equates to
160/(3 x oF/50) = 54 SES/any-month outage in a temperate climate zone with a 50oF annual average
temperature (3-mo fade season).
4. North American Long Haul. The North American long-haul (usually more than 10 tandem links)
system outage objective is 1600 SES end-to-end, or 1600D/DSYS where D is (as above) the path
length and DSYS is the end-to-end length of the system. The long-haul objective for this 25 mi link in a
1000 mi system, therefore, is scaled to 40 SES/yr (99.999873% path reliability) or 14 SES/any-
month one-way outage time.
Other performance objectives in ITU-R Local Grade (ITU-R Rec. F.697) and Medium Grade (ITU-R Rec.
F.696) links and systems, and in non-ITU standards proprietary to some telecommunications
administrations, are not considered in this discussion. The above 7-54 SES/any month ITU-R and North
American outage objectives should, with the exception of Local Grade and other short (1-5 hop)
systems with more relaxed per-hop standards, encompass most proprietary performance objectives.

3. 1:N Frequency Diversity Improvement ( I1:N) Model [from Ref. 1]

North American (and ITU-R) standard frequencies on a common waveguide feeder in bands below about
11.7 GHz are assigned to even or odd channels separated 56-80 MHz (H-H, V-V), with 28-40 MHz
frequency separations between even and odd channels on dual feeders connected to a cross-polarized
antenna (V-H).

The following frequency diversity improvement factor, I1:N, is computed for a 1:N (N=3) 25 mi link with a
single antenna at each station, assigned to 29.65 MHz RF bandwidth channels in the FCC Rules Part
101, ITU-R F.383-5, and Canadian SRSP 305.9 5.925-6.425 GHz band. This 1:3 multiline ACU
arrangement is shown in attached Sketch 1.

Harris Corporation Microwave Communications Division Document No. 364 Page 3

 I1:N = 50 fEQ 10CFM/10 / f 2 DMI
= 80 fEQ 10CFM/10 / f 2 DKM

where
Contd
I1:N = 1:N frequency diversity improvement factor

fEQ = __________N/1000____________
N + N-1 + N-2 + + 1_
f 2f 3f Nf

N = Number of RF bearers (3, in this example) on a single antenna

f = Actual channel spacing (59.3 MHz) on a single path
fEQ = Equivalent 1:N channel spacing for the path, GHz (computed)
CFM = Composite Fade Margin for the path (40 dB)
f = Frequency (6.1 GHz)
D = Path length (25 mi or 40 km).

Therefore:

fEQ = 3/1000 = 0.041 GHz (41 MHz)

_3__ + __2__ + __1__
59.3 118.6 177.9

The frequency diversity improvement factor for this link is then computed from the model:

I1:N = 50 0.041 10 40/10 / 6.12 25mi

= 80 0.041 10 40/10 / 6.12 40km
= 22.

Therefore, the non-diversity probability of multipath outage (SESR) and the links computed outage time,
SES/any month or per year, will be reduced by a factor of 22 for co-polarized RF bearers on channels 1,
5, and 7 with the protection channel P assigned channel 3, as shown in attached Sketch 1. Channels are
spaced 59.3 MHz on a common feeder in this lower 6 GHz band 1:N, with N = 3, configuration.

If the non-diversity SESR on this 40 km (25 mi) link is computed to be 0.000190 (about 500 SES/any
month outage) based upon the geoclimatic conditions (c, t, w factors in North America) for the
region and the above link parameters (f, D, CFM), I1:N = 22 will lower the SESR to 0.0000086 (23
SES/any month outage) which is now compliant to most performance standards, as previously discussed.
Performance Improvements
Although the single antenna assigned at each end of this 25 mi (40 km) link meets high-grade (G.821)
and Bellcore short-haul performance objectives, larger I1:N diversity improvements may be needed to
meet AT&T long-haul objectives. One or two additional antennas on each link providing larger f or fEQ
frequency diversity spacings on each antenna-to-antenna path are then assigned to meet these more
demanding objectives.

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A larger f (and, therefore, fEQ) is achieved with the assignment of interstitial RF frequencies (perhaps
channels 1 and 5) to a second vertically-spaced antenna at one (usually the lower elevation) end of the
link. This three-antenna per hop antenna configuration, known as hybrid diversity, is shown in attached
Sketch 2. RF channels 3 and 7 (in this example) remain on the upper antenna, which doubles f on each
path - from 59.3 to 118.6 MHz.

In this arrangement, fEQ = f = 0.1186 GHz (118.6 MHz), a large x2.8 improvement (reduction in
outage time) from the fEQ = 41 MHz computed above with all four 1:N channels assigned to a single
antenna-to-antenna path.

As discussed, the I1:N frequency diversity improvement factor increases with a

larger f and, therefore, larger fEQ which lowers the links SESR (probability of outage) and annual
outage accordingly. With interstitial RF channels 1 and 5 now on a separate lower antenna at one end of
the link, this larger fEQ increases I1:N from 22 to 62.

I1:N is now comparable to a typical space diversity improvement (ISD) factor. With this larger f assigned
to each antenna-to-antenna RF path, the computed SESR now lowers from 0.00000885 (23 SES/any-
month outage) to 0.00000314 (9 SES/any-month outage), performance not only well within AT&T long-
haul standards scaled to a 25-mi path, but also very nearly compliant to the even more demanding ITU-R
Rec. F.1189 (ITU-T Rec. G.826) outage objective for a 40 km link.

4. Examples of I1:N Calculations for Various 1:N and 2:N Link Arrangements
fEQ and I1:N for a typical 1:N (N=3) 6 GHz 25 mi radio-relay link was computed above. Of course, a
MegaStar 155 1:N link may be configured for many other route capacities and diversity antenna
arrangements.

The following table shows typical f (actual) and fEQ (equivalent) frequency diversity spacings on each
antenna-to-antenna path for various 1:N links in the 5.925-6.425 GHz band. Comparative I1:N diversity
improvements for this 25 mi path are also computed. These typical 1:N radio and antenna arrangements
are shown in the attached sketches.

1:3 single antenna arrangement (1 moderate fading RF path), f = 59.3 MHz:

fEQ = 42 MHz, I1:N = 22. See attached Sketch 1.
.
1:3 three antenna hybrid diversity arrangement (2 heavy fading RF paths), f = 118.6 MHz: fEQ = f =
118.6 MHz, I1:N = 62. See attached Sketch 2.

2:6 single antenna arrangement (1 moderate fading RF path, as above but route capacity is doubled), f
= 59.3 MHz: fEQ = 42 MHz, I1:N = 22. See attached Sketch 3.
Contd
2:6 three antenna hybrid diversity arrangement (2 RF paths, as above but route capacity is doubled), f
= 59.3 MHz: fEQ = f = 59.3 MHz, I1:N = 31. See Sketch 4.

1:7 single antenna arrangement (1 low fading, perhaps short, RF path), f = 29.65 MHz:
fEQ = 15.1 MHz, I1:N = 8. See attached Sketch 5.

1:7 three antenna hybrid diversity arrangement (2 moderate fading RF paths), f = 59.3 MHz: fEQ = 42
MHz, I1:N = 22. See attached Sketch 6.

1:7 four antenna hybrid diversity arrangement (4 heavy fading RF paths), f = 118.6 MHz:
fEQ = f = 118.6 MHz, I1:N = 62. See attached Sketch 7.

Harris Corporation Microwave Communications Division Document No. 364 Page 5

fEQ spacings on each antenna-to-antenna path for other 1:N and 2:N (1:2, 2:5, etc.) arrangements are
easily computed from the fEQ equation on page 3 of this tutorial. It is seen that three- and/or four-
antenna hybrid diversity antenna arrangements greatly increase ( typically double) the frequency spacing
f on an antenna-to-antenna RF path which more than doubles the fEQ and I1:N on a link.

The vertical spacing of antennas at the dual antenna end(s) of a path with exposed specular reflection(s)
should be optimized to ensure that the resulting selective fade activity between the upper and lower
antennas is non-correlated.

Vigants I1:N frequency diversity improvement factor formula, and the fEQ in this formula, are from Ref. 1.
A later I1:N formula using G in place of fEQ (also from Vigants, but in Ref. 2) gives similar results. Heinz
Karl, in his Transmission Engineering Seminar manual (Ref. 3), uses parameters of values similar to
the Vigants G factors in the I1:N equations (e.g. Karls = 17067 which is comparable to Vigants G =
17059, both for a 6 GHz 1:7 system).

The I1:N improvements computed above (and shown on attached Sketches 1-7) are for RF channels
spaced 29.65 MHz for the North American 5.925-6.425 GHz.. I1:N improvements for other bands and
bands with wider channel spacings (40 MHz in the 3.7-4.2, 10.7-11.7 GHz, ITU-R Rec. 384-6, and other
bands) may be larger.

5. Expected Behavior of the Occasional Traffic on the Protection Channel

MegaStar 155s unique per-hop errorless data switching permits the assignment of the protection channel
for bearer channel frequency diversity as described above. Considering that some users desire that this
protection channel be assigned for the transport of low-priority occasional traffic, this protection-
separate capability is also a feature of MegaStar 155 links and systems. The following describes the
expected behavior of such occasional traffic during multipath fading periods with and without equipment
failure.

Multipath Fade Activity With No Equipment Failure (Normal Operation)

In this unique MegaStar 155 arrangement, the protection channel is assigned for the errorless data
switching away from selective fading bearer channels. Thus, the low priority occasional traffic on the
protection channel will exhibit much more outage than each bearer channel, considering that it must
accommodate the fade activity of each bearer channel plus its own fade activity.

Fortunately, the occasional traffics outages will be very short (typically <200 msec/fade event) with no
traffic disconnect and will usually occur during the late night to early morning low traffic periods. Any
increase in real disturbances to the low-priority protection-separate traffic should therefore be insignificant
(depending, of course, on its type and time scheduling).

Multipath Fade Activity With Equipment Failure (Protected Operation)

The priority function of the protection channel is always to route bearer traffic away from any rare
equipment (module, etc.) failure to prevent a long (MTR-duration) outage and traffic disconnect. Any
equipment outage in the link, including a protection channel equipment failure, will result in the loss of
diversity protection on all bearer channels from multipath fade activity. Since the MTR (Mean Time to
Restore the failed bearer channel to normal operation) is typically less than 4 hours (of 8760 hours in a
year), any increase in outage time due to nocturnal multipath fade activity during this short non-diversity
period will be insignificant

6. MegaStar 155 ACU Arrangements and Branching Rules

Radio-relay links may be classified into two categories:

1. Shorter hops and other links that exhibit low fade activity:
Outage objectives for radio-relay links with low fade activity, and links that have relaxed performance
objectives, are met with smaller I1:N (1:N frequency diversity improvement) factors. This allows the

Harris Corporation Microwave Communications Division Document No. 364 Page 6

assignment of reduced f (1:1 frequency diversity) and fEQ (1:N or 2:N frequency diversity) separations
between radios assigned to a single- or dual-polarized antenna.

Short or otherwise non-fading paths may require more than one antenna at each end of the link only
when required to meet the radios minimum T- T and T-R ACU branching (filter flanking) rules and
receivers T/I (Threshold-to-Interference ratio) objective for external T-to-R interference across the go-
and-return V and H ports of a dual-polarized antenna. The direct intrarack T-to-R RF interference level is
a function of the digital transmitters RF filter characteristics.

Intrarack T-to-R go-and-return interference (I) via a common antenna is related to the antennas cross-
polarization (x-pol) isolation, typically 35 dB, and its effect upon link performance - C/(N+I) and fade
margin degradations - is established by the receivers T/I objective for the T-to-R frequency spacing.

2. Longer hops and other fading paths:

Longer radio-relay paths, links in difficult geoclimatic (significant fading) regions, and systems that have
more demanding performance objectives, dictate higher 1:N frequency diversity improvement, I1:N,
factors. Larger I1:N diversity improvements are attained with wider frequency separations (f or fEQ) on
each antenna as well as, if needed, higher fade margins (larger antennas, higher system gains, etc.).

Dual antennas at one or both ends of a link may be assigned to double the frequency separation on each
path by reducing the number of radios on each antenna. This more than doubles I1:N which reduces link
outage by more than 50%.

Optimum MegaStar 155 1:N ACU and antenna arrangements which best accommodate the users
performance (and other) objectives should respect the following rules:

Even (2, 4, etc.) and odd (3, 5, etc.) RF channels in FCC Part 101 (and other) bands should be
assigned on opposite polarizations; e.g. assignment of channels 1,3,5,7 on H-pol and 2,4,6,8 on V-
pol on a link regardless of the numbers of antennas at each site.

Polarizations should be reversed on adjacent or alternate hops, if RF channels are repeated, to

reduce co-channel interlink or overshoot interference.

MegaStar 155 co- or cross-polarized T-T and R-R channel spacings on an antenna should exceed
about 80 MHz if protection from simultaneous outage on adjacent RF channels by exposed specular
ground reflections on a fading path is to be assured. Closer channel spacings on single antennas are
acceptable in shorter and other links that exhibit low dispersive fade activity.

The vertical antenna separation at the space diversity (usually the lower elevation) end of a hybrid
diversity link should be geometrically optimized for non-correlative fade activity between antennas
due to exposed specular ground reflections. In the absence of such exposed reflections, a larger than
normal vertical antenna separation is typically suggested for best 1:N link performance.

Full Growth (1:7) RF Branching

The expansion of a 1:N system to full route capacity (1:7 in most North American frequency bands)
reduces the T-T, R-R, and T-R RF channel spacings on each waveguide feeder and antenna. MegaStar
155s ACU RF filter characteristics are designed to accommodate the expansion of a link to its full 1:7
capacity with a single dual-polarized antenna assigned at each end of a link.

With full growth, RF channel spacing is then reduced to 56-80 MHz T-T and R-R on each waveguide
feeder and as small as 44.4 MHz T-R, that separation across the antennas dual-polarized ports which
occurs in the 5.925-6.425 GHz North American frequency band.

Harris Corporation Microwave Communications Division Document No. 364 Page 7

Special 7-cavity Invar RF filters in MegaStar 155s ACU branching reduce go-and-return interference
between adjacent channels 8 and 1 in the 5.925-6.425 GHz and other bands with a similar
channelization. Because of the slight additional loss of these highly selective RF filters, bearer channel 8
or 1 is typically assigned last.

The 1:N ACU and antenna feeder system arrangements in this discussion meet North American
performance objectives and are compliant to MegaStar 155s intrastation interference rules and ACU
branching constraints.

Conclusions
Radio and antenna feeder system arrangements and I1:N computation procedures for MegaStar 155
digital microwave links compliant to AT&T North American as well as ITU-R performance objectives have
been described. This is assured with MegaStar 155s advanced performance characteristics, which
provides per-hop 1:N errorless switching in a multipath fade environment and allows close channel
spacings in full-growth systems.

References
1. A. Vigants, Space Diversity Engineering, BSTJ, 1/75.
2. A. Vigants and M. V. Pursley, Frequency Diversity Performance During Multipath Fading, ICC79. Also
BSTJ, 10/79
3. H. Karl, Performance and Availability as Applied to Digital Radio-Relay Systems, a module of Karls
Planning Radio-Relay Networks Transmission Seminar, Montreal, 6/95.

Attachments
Sketch 1. 1:3 single antenna per end arrangement
Sketch 2. 1:3 hybrid diversity arrangement, three antennas per link
Sketch 3. 2:6 single antenna per end arrangement
Sketch 4 2:6 hybrid diversity arrangement, three antennas per link
Sketch 5. 1:7 single antenna per end arrangement
Sketch 6. 1:7 hybrid diversity arrangement, three antennas per link
Sketch 7. 1:7 hybrid diversity arrangement, two antennas per end
Sketches 8-13. Typical MegaStar 155 1:N ACU bay arrangements
(These are large files which may not be transmitted by e-mail;
if not attached, these are available separately from the author)

R.U.Laine, Harris Microwave Communications Division

Redwood Shores, CA 94065, (650) 594-3465 (-3284 fax)
e-mail: rlaine@harris.com

Harris Corporation Microwave Communications Division Document No. 364 Page 8

 MegaStar 155 1:N Multiline RF Branching Arrangements
V(H)

V(H) H(V) H(V) H(V)

V(H)
H(V) V(H) V(H)
H(V)
Sketch 2 Sketch 1
Longer Fading Path Shorter Path
1 1 1 1 1 1 1

3P 1 f = fEQ = 118.6 MHz 1 3P 1 1 3P

5 1 1 5 1 1 5
f = 59.3 MHz
fEQ = 42 MHz
7 1 1 7 1 1 7

1 MegaStar 155 Bay 1 (Bay 2 on the opposite polarization is future)

5.9 - 6.4 GHz 1:3 Expandable

MegaStar 155 2:N Multiline RF Branching Arrangements

V(H) V(H) H(V) H(V)

H(V)
H(V) V(H) V(H)
V(H)

H(V)
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Sketch 4 Sketch 3
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
Longer Fading Path Shorter Path
3 1 1 3 1 1 3
4P 2 2 4P 2 2 4P
fprot = 29.65 MHz f = 59.3 MHz
5P 1 1 5P 1 1 5P
fEQ = 42 MHz
6 2 f = fEQ = 59.3 MHz 2 6 2 2 6
7 1 1 7 1 1 7
8 2 2 8 2 2 8

1 , 2 MegaStar 155 Bays 1, 2

6-11 GHz Full Growth 2:6 Arrangements

Harris Corporation Microwave Communications Division Document No. 364 Page 9

 MegaStar 155 1:N Multiline RF Branching Arrangements

V(H) H(V) H(V)

V(H) H(V)
V(H) V(H)
V(H)
H(V)
H(V)
1 1 Sketch 6 1 1 1 Sketch 5 1 1
2 2 Longer Fading Path 2 2 2 Shorter Path 2 2
3P 1 1 3P 1 1 3P
4 2 2 4 2 f = 29.65 MHz 2 4
f4-5= 29.65 MHz
5 1 1 5 1 fEQ = 15.1 MHz 1 5
f = 59.3 MHz
6 2 2 6 2 2 6
fEQ = 42 MHz
7 1 1 7 1 1 7
8 2 2 8 2 2 8

1 , 2 MegaStar 155 Bays 1, 2

5.9-6.4 GHz Full Growth 1:7 Arrangements

MegaStar 155 1:N Multiline RF Branching Arrangements

V(H) V(H) H(V) H(V)

H(V) H(V)
V(H) V(H)
V(H) H(V)

H(V) V(H)
1 1 Sketch 7 1 1 1 1 1
Sketch 5
2 2 Longer, Heavy 2 2 2 Shorter Path 2 2
3P 1 Fading Path 1 3P 1 1 3P
4 2 2 4 2 f = 29.65 MHz 2 4
5 1 1 5 1 fEQ = 15.1 MHz 1 5
6 2 f = fEQ 2 6 2 2 6
7 1 = 118.6 MHz 1 7 1 1 7
8 2 2 8 2 2 8

1 , 2 MegaStar 155 Bays 1, 2

5.9-6.4 GHz Full Growth 1:7 Arrangements

Harris Corporation Microwave Communications Division Document No. 364 Page 10

Sketch 8. MegaStar 155 1:N ACU Waveguide Drawing: Frequency Diversity (or Single Antenna End
of a Hybrid Diversity Link)

Sketch 9. MegaStar 155 1:N ACU Waveguide Drawing: Separate Transmitter and Receiver
Waveguide Feeds (Separate T and R Antennas or Cross-polarized)

Harris Corporation Microwave Communications Division Document No. 364 Page 11

Sketch 10. MegaStar 155 1:N ACU Waveguide Drawing: Hybrid Diversity, Dual Antennas End of
the Path, 2:0 Unprotected Repeater in a Ring System, 1:N Dual Polarized Feeds (2 TRs to Each
Feed), etc.

Harris Corporation Microwave Communications Division Document No. 364 Page 12