Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
1. Introduction
2. Geoid computation
3. MyGEOID – Malaysia Geoid
4. Conclusion
5. Recommendations
INTRODUCTION
VISION
- With the generalized use of GPS, the convenience of
obtaining orthometric heights without doing levelling
INTRODUCTION
11
Malaysia
5.5
9
7
5 5
3
INPUT DATA
1
4.5
-1
-3
4 -5
measurements 3 -15
-17
-19
2.5
interpolated SRTM
1.5
¾The GGM01C global Geopotential Model 99.5 100 100.5 101 101.5 102 102.5 103 103.5 104
WMG03A Model
GEOID COMPUTATION
GRAVIMETRIC GEOID Pen. Malaysia [ WMG03A Model ]
COMPUTATION
6.5
11
integral. 4
-3
-5
-7
ellipsoid. 2.5
-17
-19
covering Pen. Malaysia in the 99.5 100 100.5 101 101.5 102 102.5 103 103.5 104
datum transformations
-2
-4
4 -6
1.5
99.5 100 100.5 101 101.5 102 102.5 103 103.5 104
WGeoid04 Model
MyGEOID – Malaysia Geoid
0.300
0.250
0.200
0.150
0.100
0.000
J 0060
J 0087
J 0141
J 0151
J 0184
J 0241
J 0249
J 0260
J 0416
J 0481
J 0484
J 0552
J 0584
J 0617
J 0678
J 0695
J 0700
J 0766
J 0782
J 0831
J 1037
J 1133
J 1199
J 1220
J 1236
J 1249
J 1275
J 1330
J 1377
J 1444
J 1513
J 1609
S 0015
S 0073
S 0992
-0.050
-0.100
-0.150
-0.200
-0.250
-0.300
Benchmark
0.300
SEGA
GP47
2.4 0.250
0.200
GP61
2.2
GP16 0.150
Latitud
GP15
0.100
GP85 0.050
GP84
0.000
J0022
J0077
J0249
J0412
J0483
J0649
J0699
J0915
J0921
J0924
J1046
J1082
J1261
J1349
J1358
J1365
J1375
J1423
J1427
J1450
J1513
J1523
J1527
J1562
J1577
J1593
J1655
J1667
J1685
J1692
J1699
J1712
J1731
J1740
J1767
J1774
J1876
J2507
J2566
J2676
J3122
J3136
J3146
J3275
1.8
-0.050
GP49
P114 -0.100
1.6 GP50
Stesen MASS
UTMJ -0.150
Stesen GPS
1.4 -0.200
Tanda Aras
-0.250
102.6 102.8 103 103.2 103.4 103.6 103.8 104 104.2
-0.300
Longitud Benchmark
6
Height Difference (Derived - Published)
Perak
5.8
0.300
0.250
5.6
0.200
0.150
5.4
0.100
Height Difference (m)
P286
0.050 A0470
5.2
0.000 S0376
S0379 S0294
A0085
A0089
A0092
A0123
A0152
A0363
A0424
A0500
A0585
A0600
A0635
A0701
A0726
A0832
A0840
A0933
A0974
A0979
A0983
A1285
A1381
A1396
A1555
A1597
A1601
A1606
A1622
A1802
A1831
A1839
S0091
S0376
S0379
S0411
S0461
S0462
P281 P280 A0424
-0.050
A1381
5 A1839 S0461
-0.100 S0462
A1831
RMS=0.038 m. 3.8
7
A102
6
TKIN
TSAN
5 TLAB
TLHD
1691
4 TTAW
3 TBIN
TKUCH
0
108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120
2.580
2.580 2.582 2.581
2.560
MSL 1988 - 2003 = 2.514 meter
2.540
2.540
2.520 2.529 2.526
MSL (meter)
2.514
2.500 2.509 2.509
2.498
2.480 2.490
2.482 2.479
2.478
2.460 2.466
2.462 MSL 1988 - 1997 = 2.493 meter Yearly Mean Sea Level
2.400
1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Year
TLAB
TLHD
5 2505
1805
1691
TTAW
TBIN
LEGEND
2
Precise Levelling Technique
TKUCH
GPS Levelling Technique
1 Tide Stations/Std. BM
0
110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119
7
A102
m
6k
12
6 TKIN 270 km
km TSAN
9
11 26 7
km
m
3k
TLAB
km
27
14
5 TLHD
km 1
5
2505
km
19
0
28 1805
1691
TTAW
4
km
0
km 44
5
77 TBIN
TKUCH
0
107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120
TLAB
TLHD
5
1691
TTAW
TBIN
LEGEND
2
Precise Levelling Route
TKUCH
Second Order Levelling Route
1 GPS Levelling
Tide Stations
0
110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119
LEGEND
2
GPS Permanent Stations
GPS Stations
1 Tide Stations
Benchmarks
0
110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119
7
62
6 52
42
5
32
4
22
3
12
2 2
0
107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120
EMGM05A – Testing & Analyses
7 EMGG05A
Height Difference (Derived - Published)
Test Network Sabah And Sarawak
KINA 0.300
6 SAND
LABU
0.200
5
MIRI
MTAW 0.100
0.000
BINT
SBM5
SBM21
SBM55
SBM14
SS0071
SS0182
SA 0355
SU0401
SU0506
SA0516
SU0527
SK1019
S008
S010
S047
TA60038
TA1028
TA90005
TA40077
TA40025
TA30116
TA30069
TA1570
ST70
ST5113
3
-0.100
SIBU
LEGEND
2
KUCH BMs with Residuals < 0.045 m (RMS) -0.200
0
110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119