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BasicCCTVSystem
SecuritySystem>MainfunctionalityofCCDCamera
DVRCameraConnectionDiagram
MajorCharacteristicsofCCD
(1)Internal/ExternalSynchronization
MainFunctionalityofCCDCamera
Synchronizationiscategorizedinthefollowingthreetypes:
MainCategorizationoftheLens
i)Internalsynchronization
MainCharacteristicoftheLens
Timingofthecameraiscontrolledbyinternalelectronicsforachievingselfsynchronization..
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2)Externalsynchronization
DVRInstallationChecklist Thecameramaybesynchronizedbymeansofanexternalsynchronizationsignal.Thetimingoftheunitisadaptedin
accordancetothissignal.
3)Powersynchronization(LineLock)
WhenPoweredbyAC,theLLSynchronizescameratopowerlinezerocrossingforachievingverticalsynchronization.
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(2)AutoGainControl(AGC)
ThisAGCfunctionprovidesclearimageinlowlightcondition.Thiscontrolsanamplifierthatisusedtoboostthevideosignal
whenthelightdimssoastoincreasethecamerassensitivity.Insomebrightenvironment,theamplifiermaybeoverloadedand
whichmaydistortthevideosignal.So,itisnecessarytomonitorthesignallevelwithAGCcontrolcircuitandAGChastobe
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switchedoffincaseofnecessity.
(3)BackLightCompensation(BLC)
Generallyspeaking,thecamerasensesthewholeareaoftheframeandmeasuretheaveragelightlevel.Workingpointofthe
AGCofthecamerawillbebasedongeneraltestingofthewholeenvironmentandifthereisaverybrightbackgroundwithvery
dimfrontimage,backlightcompensationhavetobeswitchedonsothatthecameracanbeadjustedtotaketheaverageona
specificzonefortheAGCworkingpoint.Ifthefrontimageisputinsidethiszone,thentheimagequalitycanbemuchimproved.
LackofBLCfunctionUnclearfaces
ContainwithBLCfunctionClearfaces,butbackgroundoverbright
(4WideDynamicRange(WDR)
WideDynamicRangeisconcentratedinthesolvingproblemsinreversiblelightenvironment,backlightcompensation(BLC)is
thefunctionofthecameraitselftocompensatefortheshortcomingsofthedesign.WideDynamicRangecameradoesnotneed
backlightcompensationwaystocorrectthepicture.Itisabletocombinetheadvantagesoftheabovetwopictures.
ContainwithWDRfunctionClearfacesandclearbackground
(5)AutoElectronicShutter(AES)
AES(AutomaticElectronicShutter)isusedwhenamanualorfixedirislensisfittedandtheshutterspeedwillrespondtothe
amountoflighttokeepthesignaloutputatoptimumlevel.AESallowstochangetheirislevelautomaticallywithoutusingthe
autoirislens.
Whentheelectronicshutterisoff,theshutterspeedissetas1/60secforNTSCsystemand1/50secforthePALsystem.When
theelectronicshutterison,theelectronicshuttercanbesetinstepsfrom1/60secto1/10000secsforNTSCsystemandinsteps
from1/50secto1/10000secsforPALsystem.Whentheshutterspeedincreases,thelightpassingthroughthelenwill
decreasesandthecamerasensitivitywillbereduced.
However,whenshootingfastmovingobjects,theincreasedspeedcanprovidefreezingeffectfortheobjectimage,thus
providingbetterresolution.
TheAESshouldbeswitchedoffwhenanAutoIrisLensisfitted.
(6)AutoWhiteBalance/AutoTrackingbalance(AWB/ATW)
WhiteBalanceallowsthecameratoadjustthetoneaccordingtothecolortemperatureofthelightsourceilluminatingthe
subject.Itallowstheoperatortoseeobjectastheyappearduringdaylight.Threearethreewhitebalancecontrolmodes,
namelyAutotrackingwhitebalance(ATW),
AutoWhiteBalance(AWB)andManualWhiteBalancetomeetawiderangeofoperationalconditions.
1)ATWfunctionsbydetectingwhitecolorinthesceneatacolortemperaturefrom2500to8000Kelvin.
Thecolortemperatureisbeingmonitoredcontinuouslyandthewhitebalanceissetautomaticallybyinternalcontroller.
ATWismostsuitableforviewingobjectswithchangingcolortemperatureandwhichcanmakethepicturecolorlooksmore
natural..
AutoTrackingWhiteBalance5300Kelvin
2)AWBisapresettypefunctionwherebywhitecolorinthesceneisdetectedandwhitebalanceisautomaticallyadjusted,then
thesettingstatusisstored.ItautomaticallymemorizestheadjustedwhitebalancevalueeverytimetheAWBbuttonisturnedon.
ATBismostsuitableforenvironmentwithlittlechangeinlightsource.
AutoWhiteBalance
3)Manual(R/BGain)Itisusedtoadjusttheredandbluecoloroftheviewingimage.
Itallowsadjustingredandbluegainmanuallyaccordingtouserrequirement..Withthemanualwhitebalanceturnedon,the
autowhitebalancewillbeautomaticallyturnedoff.
Manual(R/BGain)
(7)AutoLightControl/ElectronicLightControl(ALC/ELC)
ALC(AutoLightControl)
AutomaticLightControl(ALC)indicatestheimagesensor'sabilitytoautomaticallyadjustindiverselightingconditionstoyield
themostvividvideoimagepossible.Itallowstheautoiriscircuitrytoeithertakebrightspotsmoreintoconsideration(peak),
bringingoutdetailinbrightareas,orlessintoconsideration(average)bringingoutdetailinshadows.
ForautomaticbrightnesscontrolintheALCfunction,anautoirislenswithavoltagecontrolledaperture(DC)isnecessary
WithoutALCfunction WithALCfunction
ELC(ElectronicLightControl)
ELCcompensatesformoderatelightchangesinindoorapplicationswithouttheuseofexpensiveautoirislenses.
Afixedirislensormanualirislenscanbeused.ELCallowsthechangingofshutterspeedsupto1/100,000second.Thisallows
forsharperimages,eveninlimitedlightingconditions.
(8)FlickerlessMode
Flickerlessmodeisusedforsuppressingtheflickeroflight(illuminatingthecapturedscene)produceddependinguponthe
frequencyofthepowersource.In50Hzarea,theCCDexposuretimeis1/50secandifNTSCcameraisusedwithworking
frequencyof60Hz,therewillbeflickeronthescreen.SamewillhappeninusingPALcameraina60Hzarea.Theshutterspeed
isfixedto1/100secforthe50Hzareaand1/120secforthe60Hzareatoreducetheflickerofthefluorescentlight.
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