tiva017 Correcting Elastic FEA Results for Local Plasticity Plasticity Corrections for Elastic Analysis Results: Neuber Method by FA. Conle, Univ. of Waterloo Nov.8 2010, Updates: Jan2012, Sep2012, Jan2013, Educational Background Article Refthttp:/fde.uwaterloo.ca/Fde/Notches.new/neuber:himl Other articles ‘The Interaction of Mean or Weld Residual Stress with the Neuber Plasticity Correction and the Effects on Fatigue Life Prediction Copyright (C) 2012 F.A. Conle and Univ. of Waterloo Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts A copy of the license is available her n License", ("hitp:/www.gnu.org/licenses/il.html” ) Introduction: One of the objectives of durability analysis is to predict the magnitudes of the local cyclic stresses and strains experienced at the hot-spot of ‘many components subjected to fatigue loading, Most estimates of component stress however, have been calculated elasticly, by means of either traditional manual calculations or elastic FEA methods, It is then necessary to translate the elastic calculated stress atthe critical locations into estimates of elastic-plastic stress and strain behavior. Of the several methods of accomplishing this translation, the one most popularly adopted by most software methods is the ‘Neuber [1-3] plasticity correction hitp:ide.uwateroo.calFdeiNotches.newineuber him! 16tiva017 Correcting Elastic FEA Results for Local Plasticity S= Ky Soom Snom ii Som e,€ + o-e=S-e Fig. 1 : Correcting an Elastic Stress Calculation for Material Plasticity ‘As depicted in Fig,_1, the Neuber correction can be set into three steps: 1. Using elastic calculation methods compute the stress and strain at the fatigue hot-spot. Compute the energy or product of elasti stress multiplied by clastic strain, Using the stabilized cycle stress-strain curve of the material at the hot-spot find the cyelie stress and eyclie strain that give the same energy product as in Step 2 One can find examples ofthe stabilized cyclic stress-strain curve in fatigue databases such as here, When you find the material of interest eg. A36 Merged File of two above files _|__Fitted | __Caleulator Click on the "Fitted" link and using either "View Page Source” in your browser or "cut and paste", extract the stress and strain columns from the data section, Cyclic Stress-Strain Behaviour: Fig. 2a shows the stress-strain behavior of a un-notched, axial sample starting from the initial stress-strain origin with subsequent straining through a series of simple fluctuating strain (or stress) cycles. It is apparent that the hip:fdeuwateloo.ca/FdaiNotches.newineuber him! 26tiva017 Correcting Elastic FEA Results for Local Plasticity 2 Fig. 2a : Movement of the stress strain locus during straining of cyclically stabilized aluminum initial loading path from the origin is different in size than the loading path of the subsequent hysteresis loops. A commonly used approximation is that the cyclic path is a factor of two larger than the initial path. Generally this is referred to as "Masing” type behavior{4,5]. Similar behavior is exhibited in multiaxial cyclic conditions[6,7], but for many fatigue problems a one-dimensional approach suffices. An cxample of a strain sequence for HSLA 350 stec: Input ¢ peaks — Get 0, € Fig. 2b : (Jfimage above is not "moving" hit "Shift + reload” on browser.) ‘Try your own strain sequence. Application of Plasticity Correction: A schematic of the solution method of both the initial and cyclic Neuber based. plasticity correction is shown in Fig, 3 and their application to two half cycles are shown in Fig,_4, hip:fdeuwateloo.ca/FdaiNotches.newineuber him! 316tiva017 Correcting Elastic FEA Results for Local Plasticity AS* Ae= Constant t AS, Ao Ke AS —‘d. i ote=S*e=Constant ese Ae, Ae Fig. 3 : (a) Initial stress-strain curve (b) Hysteresis loop stress-strain curve There are two similar curves shown in figure_3. The one on the left side is the stabilized eyclic stress-strain curve generally derived from uniaxial fatigue test samples, while on the right is the same curve with co-ordinates multiplied by a factor of two. Both curves use the equivalent elastic energy product to solve for the stress-strain magnitudes of each half-cyele of the loading history hip:fdeuwateloo.ca/FdaiNotches.newineuber him! 46tiva017 Correcting Elastic FEA Results for Local Plasticity FEA S time Sxe sad Constant E AS* constant=Ao*A€ oe * const. AO - hee const, Fig. 4: Application of Initial and Cyclic Neuber Solutions More details of how these features are modelled for fatigue purposes can be found in reference_[8] Calculation Software In the fatigue database of this web site there are typically three entries for each data set, An example: hip:fdeuwateloo.ca/FdaiNotches.newineuber him! 516tiva017 Correcting Elastic FEA Results for Local Plasticity AA 7075-7651 (Kurath 1984) | __ Fitted Calculator ‘The first item, on the lef is a text display and of the "raw" fatigue test data. Data can be added to these files, either on-line or locally, and plots created by clicking on the "Send" button. The second item " Fitted_" is a html file of a median line fit of the raw data It would be an inpit file for any software that performs a plasticity correction and calculates the life based on the resulting local stress-strain hysteresis loops. ‘The third item, " Calculator” is a html form which incorporates the "Fitted" file above, and when submniifed (click on Send), will calculate and display the local stress-strain response to the nominal stress inputs as predicted by the Neuber plasticity correction, Life is computed by using the local stress-strain loops maximum and minimum stresses and strains, ‘The software that performs these calculations is available in a link under the topic Other Links below. A screen shot image of how to use the calculators is available here, For an example set of sereen shots of a typical usage with explanations Entering the Cycle Set information @ The resultin Stress-Strains & Damage + Percent Damage per Cycle Set Graphie Other links: FEA Fatigue Analysis: Case FEA Fatigue Analysis: Case 2 Calculation Software that includes Neuber Plasticity Correction How to do a quick Fatigue Analysi Interaction of Neuber Plas, Cor in Welded Components Acknowledgement: The author wishes to thank the Univ. of Waterloo and NSERC for their support in creating this publication. Other articles References: 1, Neuber, II, "Theory of Stress Concentration for Shear Strained Prismatical Bodies with Arbitrary Non Linear Stress Strain Law," .Appl.Mech., Dec. 1961, pp. 544-550. 2. Topper, T:H., RM.Wetzel, J. Morrow, "Neuber’s Rule Applied to Fatigue of Notched Specimens,” ASTM, J.of Materials V4 N1, March 1969, pp.200-209. 3. Tipton, S., "A Review of the Development and Use of Neuber’s Rule for Fatigue Analysis," SAE Paper 910165, 1991 4, Jenkin, C.F."Fatigue in Metals,” The Engineer, Vol.134, No.3493, Dec. 1922, pp.612-614. 5. Masing, G., "Eigenspannungen und Verfestigung beim Messing,” in Proc. of 2nd Int. Congress of Appl. Mech., Zurich, 1926. 6. Mroz, Z.,""On the Description of Anisotropic Work-Hardening," Jof Mech. Phys of Solids, Vol.15 1967, pp. 163-175, 7.Chu, C.-C., "A Three-Dimensional Model of Anisotropic Hardening in Metals and Its Application to the Analysis of Sheet Metal Formability,” J.of Mech, Phys. of Solids, Vol.32, 1984, pp.197-212. 8. Conle, A., LR.Oxland, T.H.Topper, "Computer-Based Prediction of Cyclic Deformation and Fatigue Behavior," Low Cycle Fatigue ASTM STP 942, 1988, pp.1218-1236 9. Chu, C.-C, "Incremental Multiaxial Neuber Correction for Fatigue Analysis," SAE Technical Paper 950705, 1995 Back to Home page hip:fdeuwateloo.ca/FdaiNotches.newineuber him! a6