2012WoodFrame

Construction Manual:
ConstructionManual:
Connections

Presented by:
William L. Coulbourne, PE
Copyright 2013 American Wood Council

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American Wood Council 2013

Copyright 2013 American Wood Council 2

 LearningObjectives
At the end of this program, participants will:

Beabletodescribevariousmethodsformaking

connections
Understandhowconnectionsareexpectedto
perform
Understandvariouslocationsinaloadpaththat
require sound connections
requiresoundconnections
Understandwhattypeofconnectionsprovide
continuitytothefoundation

Copyright 2013 American Wood Council 3

WFCM
Basisforthiswebinarseriesisthe2012WoodFrame
ConstructionManual(WFCM)
BasisfollowsWFCMPrescriptiveProvisions(Chapter3)
Basis follows WFCM Prescriptive Provisions (Chapter 3)
Prescriptiveprovisionsareprovidedfor:
WFCM3.2Connections
WFCM3.3Floorsystems
WFCM3.4Wallsystems
WFCM3.5Roofsystems
WFCM 3 5 Roof systems
Provisionsprovideconstructiondetailsandloadtables
WFCMalsohasengineeringdesigninChapter2

Copyright 2013 American Wood Council 4

 Agenda
Connectionsinverticalloadpaths
Importantconnectionsfromrooftoground
Issuesimportanttoconnectiondesign
LoadtablesinWFCM
Connectionsinlateralloadpaths
Lateralloadresistancestrategies
LateralloadresistancetablesfromAWC
Lateral load resistance tables from AWC

Copyright 2013 American Wood Council 5

ConnectionsinVerticalLoadPaths

1
2
3

4
5

Copyright 2013 American Wood Council 6

 PrescriptiveRoofSystems
(WFCMSection3.5)

Roofframing
Openceilingplansthateliminatecollartiesorceilingjoists
must have ridge beam
musthaveridgebeam
Roofsheathing
Sheathingsupportmustbefullysupportedbyroofframing
members
Sheathingedgessupportedbyblockingoredgeclips
SeeWFCM2.5.4.3and3.5.4.2

Roofdiaphragmbracing
Forwindspeeds>130mph,mustblockandnail@panel
edgesperpendiculartoroofframinginfirsttwobays

Copyright 2013 American Wood Council 7

1 RoofSheathingtoFramingConnection
Designconsiderations Uplift
Mustresistloadsintwo Lateral
directions:
Withdrawalofnailshank
fromroofframing
Shearinplaneofroof

Source: FEMA
Copyright 2013 American Wood Council 8
 1 RoofFastener
C&Cupliftpressures smallEffectiveWind
Area(10sf)
p =q(GCpf
(GC f GCpi)=18.4(1.7.18)=36.4psf
GC i) 18 4( 1 7 18) 36 4 f
(roofedgezone2)
Withdrawalcapacityof8dnailinHemfirframing=
21lb/inx2inx1.6(Loaddurationfactor)=67.2lbs
Spacing=(67.2lbs/36.4psf/2ft)x12in.ft =11in.
(
(use6in.o.c.)
)

Copyright 2013 American Wood Council 9

1 RoofFastener
Lateralloadintoroofdiaphragm(from
Webinar1 lateralload=129plf)x2ft
spacing 258 lbs ateachrafter
spacing=258lbs at each rafter
Distributedalongrafterlength(20ft)=12.9plf of
rafter
Shearresistanceinone8dnail=63lbs.
Nailspacingissetbywithdrawalcapacity

Copyright 2013 American Wood Council 10

 WFCMRoofSheathingRequirements

Copyright 2013 American Wood Council 11

2 RooftoWallConnection
248 lbs

258 lbs

67 lbs

Copyright 2013 American Wood Council 12

 2 Connectorsfor3Directions

Typical wind connectors:

Design uplift/Allowable uplift + Design lateral/Allowable lateral
+ Design shear/Allowable shear < 1 1.0
0

WFCM Table 3.4A - Tabulated connections are greater of

lateral and shear connection requirements

Copyright 2013 American Wood Council 13

RoofDiaphragmBlocking

Needed or not needed?

Source: Simpson Strong-Tie

Copyright 2013 American Wood Council 14
 RafterTievs.CollarTie
CorrectiontoQuestionfromWebinar2

Copyright 2013 American Wood Council 15

RafterTieAdjustments

WFCM Rafter Tie Connection Adjustments

WFCMRafterTieConnectionAdjustments

Copyright 2013 American Wood Council 16

 WallSystems(WFCMSection3.4)
Studs
Limitationsonwallheights
Requirementsforattachingheaderstostudsto
q g
accommodateloads
Limitationsonstudnotching
Walls
Doubletopplatesplicerequirements
Wallsheathingcoverageandnailingisspecifiedforshear
g g g p
walls
Holddownsrequiredatendsofshearwallstoresist
overturning

Copyright 2013 American Wood Council 17

TopWallPlatetoWallStuds

Source: FEMA
Copyright 2013 American Wood Council 18
 3 WindowHeadertoExteriorWall

Source: FEMA
Copyright 2013 American Wood Council 19

HeaderConnectionRequirements

Copyright 2013 American Wood Council 20

 3 WindowHeaderConnection
Forourexamplebuilding,roofspan=20ft.
InterpolatevaluesinTable3.7
Iftheheaderspanis10ft.,theheader
connectionloadateachendmustbeprorated
betweentheloadsfor24ft.roofspanand12ft.
roofspan
U=846lbs x.75(forframing8ft.fromcorners)
=634lbs.
L=643lbs.x.92(forframing8ft.fromcorners)
=592lbs.
Copyright 2013 American Wood Council 21

4 WalltoFloorFraming
U = 128 lbs

S = 145 lbs

L = 172 lbs

Source: FEMA
Copyright 2013 American Wood Council 22
 UpliftandShearLoadsatFloor

Copyright 2013 American Wood Council 23

4
UpliftandShearLoadsatFloor
Uplift=96lbs x1.33(studspacing)=128lbs.
Shear=218lbs x20/40(aspectratio)x1.33
(
(studspacing)=145lbs.
)

Copyright 2013 American Wood Council 24

 LateralLoadsatFloor

Lateral load at stud = 129 plf x 1.33 (for 16 stud spacing) = 172 lbs

Copyright 2013 American Wood Council 25

5
FloorSupportBeamtoFoundation(Pile)

U = 960 lbs

S = 1090 lbs

L = 1290 lbs
Source: FEMA
Copyright 2013 American Wood Council 26
 5
LoadsonFloorSupportBeam
UpliftloadsfromLoadPathPoint#4summed
overfloorbeamspan
W i ht f fl
Weightoffloorsystemreducesuplift(not
t d lift ( t
includedinWFCMtables)
LateralloadsfromLoadPathPoint#4summed
overfloorbeamspan
ShearloadsfromLoadPathPoint#4summed
overfloorbeamspan
ConnectionnotcoveredbyWFCM(or
5
anywhereelseinprescriptiveliterature)
Copyright 2013 American Wood Council 27

5
LoadsonFloorSupportBeam
Assumebeamspanis10ft.(4spans@10ft.
=40ft.)

Upliftload=96plf x10ft.=960lbs.
Iffloorweightisconsideredtoreduceuplift,
floorweight=20psf x5ft.x0.6=60plf x10
ft.beamspan=600lbs.
Lateral load = 129 plf x10ft.=1290lbs.
Lateralload=129plf x 10 ft = 1290 lbs
Shearload=109plf x10ft.=1090lbs.

Copyright 2013 American Wood Council 28

 FloortoFoundationConnection

Source: FEMA

Copyright 2013 American Wood Council 29

ConnectionsinLateralLoadPaths

2T 2C

Copyright 2013 American Wood Council 30

 DistributionofLoadsintoShearWalls

Copyright 2013 American Wood Council 31

ConnectionsinLateralLoadPaths
1 Nailingofsheathingonshearwallto
resistracking

Rackingmovementcreatestensionatleft
cornerandcompressionatrightcorner
2T 2C
Tensionandcompressionareequalbut
oppositereactions resistedwithhold
downs tying wall system to floor or beam
downstyingwallsystemtofloororbeam
system

Copyright 2013 American Wood Council 32

8d nail 3/8 thick sheathing nailed into 2 width framing
with nails 6 o.c. resists 755 plf of shear

Copyright 2013 American Wood Council 33

ShearWallMethods
Segmented
Perforated
Sheartransferaroundopenings
Woodstructuralpanelsusedforshearand
uplift
Wind/SeismicCommentary(2008)

Copyright 2013 American Wood Council 34

 SegmentedShearWallSheathing

Copyright 2013 American Wood Council 35

ShearWallHolddownRequirements

From Webinar 1 shear along 20 ft. side of building =

436 plf; T = vh = 436 plf x 10 ft. wall = 4360 lbs.

Copyright 2013 American Wood Council 36

 SegmentedShearWalls

Source: FEMA
Copyright 2013 American Wood Council 37

ShearWallAspectRatios

2008 AWC Special Design Provisions for Wind and Seismic

Copyright 2013 American Wood Council 38
 ShearWallHolddown

Copyright 2013 American Wood Council 39

ShearWallHolddown

Copyright 2013 American Wood Council 40

 PerforatedShearWalls

Copyright 2013 American Wood Council 41

PerforatedShearWalls

Copyright 2013 American Wood Council 42

 WallSheathingforShearandUplift

Copyright 2013 American Wood Council 43

Questions?

www.awc.org
info@awc.org

Copyright 2013 American Wood Council 44

 THANK YOU!
Follow-up email with:
Survey, presentation link, and certificate info
WFCM - www.awc.org/standards/wfcm.html
Sept 25th
Sept.25 th 2012WFCM:FoundationDesigntoResist
2012 WFCM: Foundation Design to Resist
FloodLoadsandWFCMCalculatedWindLoads

NEW! Nov.21st PrescriptiveResidentialWoodDeck

ConstructionGuide (DCA6)
NEW! Jan.16th AWCsCodeConformingWoodDesign

http://www.awc.org
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