26/12/2016

Overview of Singapore Land Transport

System and Engineering Procedures in
Developing Rail Transit Networks

THIRI SU
LAND TRANSPORT AUTHORITY

Outline

History of Singapores Land Transport

Overview of Land Transport System in Singapore
Overview of Development Process

Engineering Procedure for RTS network

A Way to Forward
Conclusion

1
 26/12/2016

Transport in Colonial
Public Works Department building road transport infrastructures roads,
bridges, pedestrian walkways
(PWD) public facilities schools, hospitals, libraries
1960s In-charge of only 340km of public road from
1819 to 1920

1970s
1980s
Poor regulation & lack of
1990s enforcement
Hampered to bring order to the
1995s transport system

1950s

2
 26/12/2016

Early Public Transport System

1950s Rapid population
No systematic transport planning
Lack of integration
Public Bus System Frequent breakdowns

1970s
Pirate Taxis 5000 illegal taxis
Negotiate fares
1980s Service quality and safety
Traffic congestion
1990s Serious flooding
No longer suitable to use 1958 land use
1995s & master plan by colonial government

1950s

Long-term Integrated Planning

1950s United Nations Development 4 years State & City Planning Project
Program (UNDP) 1st Concept Plan in 1971
1960s

1980s
1990s
1995s
1950s 20 yrs planning

3
 26/12/2016

Long-term Integrated Planning

1950s 1st Concept Plan in 1971 Strategic Transport Plan
New towns Island-wide expressway networks
Arterial roads
Transport
1960s MRT system
Infrastructures
Recreation access

1980s Lack of policy

Lack of continuity in vehicle
1990s registration
Insufficient financial &
manpower
1995s
1950s 20 yrs planning

Reorganization of Public Transport Industry

1950s Bus Reforms Merge all bus companies 3
Formation of single private entry SBS
Integration of all bus routes
1960s Taxis Reforms Standardization of bus fares

Implementation of worlds
first Congestion Pricing
1980s Scheme
1990s
Parking Policy
1995s
1950s

4
 26/12/2016

Reorganization of Public Transport Industry

1950s Bus Reforms Eliminate illegal pirate taxi industry
Formation of National Trade Union
Congress NTUC
1960s Taxis Reforms

Implementation of worlds
first Congestion Pricing
1980s Scheme
1990s
Parking Policy
1995s
1950s

Reorganization of Public Transport Industry

1950s Bus Reforms

1960s Taxis Reforms

Implementation of worlds
first Congestion Pricing
1980s Scheme
1990s
Parking Policy Formation Road Transport Action
1995s Committee (RTAC)
Implement Area Licensing Scheme

1950s

5
 26/12/2016

Reorganization of Public Transport Industry

1950s Bus Reforms

1960s Taxis Reforms

Implementation of worlds
first Congestion Pricing
1980s Scheme
1990s
Parking Policy Rising parking charges (CBD vs Non CBD)
1995s Impose charge on each lot own by
private car park operators

1950s

Reorganization of Public Transport Industry

1950s The Great MRT Debate Bus-Rail Vs All-Bus System ???
Long term investment ???

1960s Government decision to

proceed MRT (1982)
1970s
Development of
Integrated Transport
1990s
1995s
1950s

6
 26/12/2016

Reorganization of Public Transport Industry

1950s The Great MRT Debate

1960s Government decision to

proceed MRT (1982)
1970s
Development of
Integrated Transport
1990s
2000s
2030s

Reorganization of Public Transport Industry

1950s The Great MRT Debate Formation of Mass Rapid Transit
Corporation operate MRT System
Formation of Transit Link (1989) to
integrate bus and train service
1960s Government decision to
proceed MRT (1982)
1970s
Development of
Integrated Transport
1990s
2000s
2030s

7
 26/12/2016

Formation of Single Integrated Land Transport Agency

1950s Formation of Land To integrate all aspect of land transport from
planning to regulations
Transport Authority (LTA) Build Roads + Train Networks + Infrastructure
in 1995
1960s Act as regulator for Performance Standard
Spearhead Public Transport Related Needs

1970s Implementation of
Electronic Road Pricing
1980s System (ERP) in 1998,
after 9 years of study, trials
and re-tenders.

2000s
2030s

Implementing Electronic Road Pricing system

Formation of Land Shortcomings
Automated versionofofManual System
Area Licensing Scheme (ALS)
1950s Labour intensive
Improvements
Transport Authority (LTA)
Numerous
Flexibility totype of license
vary charges (time,over
place,years
traffic
in 1995 condition)
1960s Difficult to smoothen
Better manage out the peaks
road congestion
Minimize traffic volume
1970s Implementation of No more monthly / daily license
No human errors
Electronic Road Pricing
1980s System (ERP) in 1998,
after 9 years of study,
trials and re-tenders.

2000s
2030s

8
 26/12/2016

Long-term Integrated Planning

1950s
1960s

Long range plan

Review every 10 years

Key Strategies ?
Plan for Land Use + Transport
Network together
Reduce need for people to travel
Maximize accessibility to public
transport services
Emphasis on public transport

9
 26/12/2016

Integrated Land Use, Town & Transport Planning

Balance between different demands for
land usage
Housing
Business
Transport
Health and safety
Whole-of-government
Sustainability & Recreation
Exercise..
Factor in changes ( Local & Global
trends)
Ensure to address future possible
challenges and needs

What LTA do?

Macro Level (Concept Plan)
Land-use planning
Major transport infrastructures
Safeguard transport corridors

Micro Level
High density commercial &
residential development Vs Major
transport modes
Facilitate seamless travel by
commuters
Encourage public transport usage

10
 26/12/2016

LTA Organization Structure

The Quality Service Manager Offive (QSMO) and

Internal Audit Division report directly to CE

11
 26/12/2016

Evolution of the Rail Network

Depot for MRT Lines Name Line served

1987 Bishan Depot NSL, EWL

1988 Ulu Padan Depot NSL, EWL

1989 Changi Depot EWL

Mandai Depot 2003 Senkang Depot NEL
Gali Batu Depot
2009 Kim Chuan Depot CCL, DTL
Sengkang Depot

Ten Mile Junction 2013 Gali Batu Depot DTL

LRT Depot
2016 Tuas Depot EWL
Tuas Depot Bishan Depot
Ulu Pandan Depot Changi Depot
Kim Chuan Depot

12
 26/12/2016

Depot for MRT Lines

Services
Stabling of the trains
Maintenance
Operational control
Components
Stabling yard
Test track
Control room
Rail administration building
66kV substation
Training centre
Maintenance facility

Depot for MRT Lines

13
 26/12/2016

Developing a Comprehensive Road Network

Expressway Network

Integrated Transit with Developments

Integrated Transport Hubs
Train station
Bus interchange
Commercials (shopping malls)

Choices of public transport

Good connectivity
Convenience

14
 26/12/2016

Automobile Dependent Cities vs Cities with Balanced Transport

Adjust cities to cars Develop integrated transport systems:

Extensive construction of freeways Improve public transport services
fast travel by car
parallel with highway/ street growth

Transit services neglected Develop coordinated modes

auto dependency: traffic congestion Pedestrians encouraged
Pedestrians neglected Enhance cities livability sustainability
Retail & many other activities relocated
from central cities to suburban malls

Challenges in Land Use for Travel Needs

Higher demand from
23km economic growth
Higher public expectation
Growing population
43km
Scarcity of Land

15
 26/12/2016

Land Use Plan for Singapores Future Population

Land Requirement
14 14 Housing

Industry & Commerce

Parks & Nature Reserves

13 Community, Institution & Recreation

Facilities
19 Land Transport
Utilities Infrastructure
(e.g. power, water treatment
plants)
Reservoirs

8 Land Transport Infrastructure

3 Ports & Airports

8 Defence Requirements
12
12 5 3

New Transport Strategy

Land Transport Master Plan 2013
Make public transport as 1st choice Areas to be addressed

Reduce dependency on driving

Manage road usage
Meets diverse needs of people

People-centred
Land Transport System

Source: Land Transport Master Plan 2013 Report, Land Transport Authority

16
 26/12/2016

Development Process of Transport System

Long Term Plans Medium Term Plans Short Term Plans
(40 50 years) (10 15 years) (5 10 years)

Planning & Transport Project Design &

Concept
Master Plan Feasibility Study Construction

Multiple Agencies Land Transport Authority

Road Development Programme
Rail Lines Implementation Plan
Bus Routes & Infrastructure Development

17
 26/12/2016

Different Stages in Developing Rail Project

Planning Feasibility
Engineering Design Construction
Study

Engineering Planning Engineering

Corporate Corporate Corporate

Safety & Safety & Safety &
Developme Developme Developme
Contracts Contracts Contracts
nt Research nt Research nt Research

Transport Rail
Engineering
Planning
Traffic Traffic Vehicle &
Manageme Rail Manageme Rail Transit Planning
nt nt Licensing

Vehicle & Vehicle & Traffic

Transit Transit Manageme
Licensing Licensing nt

Different Stages in Developing Rail Project

Planning Feasibility 1. Developing RTS route options and scheme

Study 2. Consultation with agencies and authorities
3. Consultation with internal LTA divisions
Engineering
4. Engineering Investigation works
Corporate
5. Obtain approval
Safety &
Developme
Contracts
nt Research
6. Handover stage
Transport
Planning
Traffic
Manageme Rail
nt

Vehicle &
Transit
Licensing

18
 26/12/2016

Planning / Feasibility Study

1. Developing RTS route options and scheme

Identify & develop Considerations Investigation Works

Railway corridor Future developments Topographical Survey

Station locations
Station Interchanges
Conceptual mode of
operation (Loop, spur,
shuttle)
Depot location & size
Train stabling location &
size
Integrated transport
facilities & size
Potential sites for Trial Trenches
integrated Condition & Foundation
developments Survey
Preliminary Soil
Investigation Works
As built drawings

Planning / Feasibility Study

2. Consultation with agencies and authorities

Land ownership issue,

URA, DSTA, Integrated development in future &
HDB, JTC Redevelopment around RTS

Consultation
with External
Agencies &
PUB, Authorities
EMA, Nparks
Possible constraints by IDA Heritage Road, Heritage
future & existing Trees & Tree conservations
utilities & services area within corridor

19
 26/12/2016

Planning / Feasibility Study

3. Consultation with internal LTA divisions Topographical survey & land matters
Technical Support Geotechnical & tunneling
Architecture

Obtain Cabinets In- Engineering

principal Approval &
1st DPC Approval Corporate Contractual, Costing &
Safety & Scheduling Support
Development
Contracts
Research
Support from
Internal
Division
Constructability
Traffic
Traffic Measures & Management
Rail
Management of
Traffic Matters Vehicle &
Transit
Licensing Advice on Transit Regulations &
Operational Interface

Planning / Feasibility Study

5. Obtain approval
Conduct the
Refine and Seek LTA senior viability study
select RTS management in-
-Economic viability
route options principle approval
- Financial viability

Submit Project Briefing Paper* to

Obtain Obtain
LTA Board of Directors
Provisional Cabinets In-
Planning Principle *Proposed project budget,
Approval (PPA) Approval Contract value,
Project programme,
Justifications for the project

20
 26/12/2016

Planning / Feasibility Study

6. Handover Stage

Handover to Engineering Division

Complete set of Economic & Financial Viability Reports
Alignment scheme and options reports & plans
Station Locations
Interchange Locations
Conceptual plan on mode of operation
Depot and Train Stabling Site/ Size
Landuse consultations
Target sites for integraed developments
Information on future developments
Information on major utilities affecting RTS line
Building for underpinning/ acquisition
1st Development Planning Committee (DPC) approval

Different Stages in Developing Rail Project

1. Concept Design
2. Detailed Design
Engineering Design
3. Consultation with external parties
4. Consultation with internal LTA divisions
Planning
5. Engineering Investigation works
Corporate
6. Obtain approval
Safety &
Developme
Contracts
nt Research
7. Handover for construction
Engineering Approaches Concept Design Detailed Design
Traffic Design & Build LTA or its consultant Main Contractor
Manageme Rail
nt Architect/ Engineer LTA or its consultant Architect/ Engineer consultant
Vehicle & Design or Build Only
Transit
Licensing
In-house Design LTA or its consultant LTA

21
 26/12/2016

Engineering Design
1. Concept Design
Develop Finalize Investigation Works
Conceptual Architectural Plan on mode of operation Additional Topographical
design Station size and footprint for Survey
Conceptual C&S design FPA Additional Trial Trenches
Conceptual E&M services Rolling stock and systems Detailed Soil Investigation
design requirements Works
Conceptual Railway system Cost estimate for project As built Drawings
design Contract Document for A/E or
Preliminary staging plan D&B (if any)
Conceptual Integrated
Development Plan
Conceptual Railway
Interfacing Plan
Conceptual Traffic & Utilities
Diversion Plan
Preliminary Hazard Analysis

Engineering Design
2. Detailed Design
Design of Civil Works
Design brief for Architectural, C&S
and G&T Works
Alignment Plans
Trackworks Design
Station and Tunnel/Viaduct Design
Interchange/ Depot Design
Train Stabling Facilities Design
Traffic / Utilities Diversion Plan
Integrated Developments Plans &
Design
Staging Plans
Construction Methodologies
Cost Estimates
Civil Contract Documents
Further Detailed
Design of E&M and Systems Investigation Works
Works
(if necessary)
Railway systems design
E&M services design Additional Topographical Survey
System Integration requirement Additional Trial Trenches
System/safety Assurance requirement Detailed Soil Investigation Works
Plantrooms space allocation and
optimisation
Power intake location and Power
Simulation
Signalling simulation and Tunnel
ventilation strategy
EMC philosophy
Hazard study
Testing and Commissioning Plan
Energy conservation measures
Maintenance Philosophy
ADRP, Development Control, Building &
Structural Plan Submissions etc

22
 26/12/2016

Engineering Design
3. Consultation with agencies and authorities
Development Control Approval

URA
Matters on fire safety & Structural & Building
Civil Defence shelters for FSSD BCA Plan Approvals
underground RTS system Consultation
with External
Agencies,
Authorities &
PUB,
Technical
EMA, Departments Nparks Trees Planting, cutting
Service & utility IDA & relocation
diversion
NEA

Pollution Control

Engineering Design
4. Consultation with internal LTA divisions
Planning support safeguarding
& Development of RTS

Obtain 2nd DPC Approval Planning

& Approval from MOF
Corporate Contractual, Costing &
Developm Safety & Scheduling & Safety Support
ent Consultation Contracts
Research with External
Agencies,
Authorities &
Technical
Traffic Constructability
Managem Departments Rail
Traffic Measures &
ent
Management of
Traffic Matters Vehicle &
Transit
Licensing Advice on Transit Regulations &
Operational Interface

23
 26/12/2016

Engineering Design
6. Obtain approval

Consult with relevant

external agencies & Obtain Final Planning Cost Optimization by
authorities on finalized Approval from Master Strategic Project
design proposal & obtain Plan Committee Governance Committee
their principal approvals

Choice of
Implementation Seek Internal Approving
Approach Seek 2nd Development
Authority for funding to
Planning Committees
commence the
approval
construction of RTS

Different Stages in Developing Rail Project

Pre-Construction Work Construction Works

Site Clearance and Setup Foundation Works

Construction
Setting out Temporary Works
Additional Soil Investigation Station and Tunnel
Works Construction
Additional Topographical Survey E&M and System Works
Engineering
Additional Trial Trenches Architectural Works
Corporate
Services/ Utilities Diversion Testing and Commissioning
Safety &
Developme
nt Research
Contracts Traffic Diversion
Drainage works
Rail Demolition
Vehicle &
Pre-Conditional Survey
Transit Planning
Licensing

Traffic
Manageme
nt

24
 26/12/2016

Construction
Review approval of
Internal Support AIP submission

Engineering

Contractual, costing,
Obtain Approval for any Corporate
Development
Safety & scheduling & safety
variation in project budget Research
Contracts
support
from MOF/ DPC
Rail
Vehicle & Planning support
Traffic Measures & Transit Planning
Safeguarding &
Licensing
Management of Traffic Matters Development of RTS
Traffic
Management

Advice on Transit Regulations

& Operational Interface

Construction
Obtain Approval

Obtain MOF/ DPC

approval for
Seek IAA
variation in project
budget

Handover to Operator

25
 26/12/2016

A Way to Forward 2016

Opening of Downtown
Line 2
2015 Tuas West Extension
42 trains for NEL & CCL North-South line re-
Pilot bicycle sharing signaling
2014 scheme at Jurong Lake 28 trains for NS-EW
Opening of North-South Line District 16 Train-cars for
Extension Implement common bus Sengkang & Puggol LRTs
2013 13 more trains for NS-EW fleet management system
Opening of Downtown 13 more trains for Bukit for all PT buses
Line 1 Panjang LRT Extend Green Man Plus
31 real-time bus arrival Completion of the bulk of Scheme to another 500
info panels BSEP improvements crossings
Introduce Quality Incentive
Framework to Improve
regularigy of Bus Waiting
Tiem
Completion of more racks to
secure 3000 bicycles at 32
MRT stations
Install 30 CCTV cameras to
deter illegal parking
Reviw the Carbon Emissions
based Vehicle Scheme
Short Term Initiative
Source: Land Transport Master Plan 2013 Report, Land Transport Authority

26
 26/12/2016

A Way to Forward 2021

Opening of
Thomson Line 3
Medium Term Initiative 2020
Opening of
2019 Thomson Line 2
Add 90km of off-
Opening of
road cycling paths
2018 Thomson Line 1
to more HDB towns
Completion of to bring the total
2017 Walk2Ride programme network to around
Install lifts at 40 POBs 190km
Opening of Complete North-
Downtown Line 3 Complete East-West
Line re-signalling 2025-2030 South Expressway
Opening of Cross Island Install 20km of rail
noise barriers
2021-2025 Line
Opening of North East
Opening of Eastern
Line Extension
Region Line
Complete an Island-wide
Opening of Jurong Region
cycling path network of
Line
over 700km
Opening of Circle Line
Stage 6
Opening of Downtown
Line Extension
Complete 7 more Long Term Initiative
Integrated Transport Hubs Source: Land Transport Master Plan 2013 Report, Land Transport Authority

A Way to Forward
2030

8 in 10 85% 75%
of public transport
households living within of all journeys in peak
journeys less than 20km
a 10-minute walk from a hours undertaken on
completed within 60
train station public transport
mins

27
 26/12/2016

Conclusion
50 Years of Transportation

Principles for urban governance

Strong governance structure

Whole-of-Government approach
Think Long-term for good urban governance
Sound economic principles for sustainability

Key strategies for sustainable transport

Integrated master planning for transit-oriented development

Build a quality, efficient and sustainable public transport
system
Managing road usage
Ensure environmental & social sustainability

All of us use land transport, from the pavements on which we walk, to the trains, buses and
other vehicles that carry us and the roads that these vehicales use. Wed like the land transport
system to get us safely, efficiently, reliably and comfortably to our destination.

28
 26/12/2016

All of us use land transport, from the pavements on which we walk, to the trains, buses and
other vehicles that carry us and the roads that these vehicales use. Wed like the land transport
system to get us safely, efficiently, reliably and comfortably to our destination.

References
Cliff Lee. PPT. Land use planning: The Singapore Experience
Overview of Singapores Land Transport Development 19652015 13

29