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minimalism 2
What is Minimalism?
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Early Modernism
Minimalism
Contemporary Minimalism
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Le Corbusier, Towards a New Architecture
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Donald Judd
The 1960s:
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Peter Zumthor
Contemporary Society:
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DESIGN PRINCIPLES : MASS
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Erik Gunnar Asplund Design Principles: MASS
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Donald Judd Design Principles: MASS
15 WORKS IN CONCRETE
The works are comprised of pure geometries
resting on the floor or cantilevered from
the wall. Vibrant primary colours and
manufactured materials clearly define the
edges.
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Erik Gunnar Asplund Design Principles: LIGHT
SKOGSKAPELLET
Deliberate preservation and addition
of trees exaggerate the contrast
between the rough and dark texture
of the forest and the geometric purity
of the chapel and its brightly lit interior
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Erik Gunnar Asplund Design Principles: LIGHT
SKOGSKAPELLET
A central skylight illuminates the
white painted interior of the chapel
Peter Zumthor Design Principles: LIGHT
LIGHT
Towards the end of his career, Judd became
interested in materiality and light. His works
developed a sensitivity to natural light, explor-
ing changes in character and solidity at dif-
ferent times of the day. Coloured plexiglass,
relective metals and smooth painted surfaces
allowed him to create complexity with simple
surfaces.
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DESIGN PRINCIPLES : STRUCTURE
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Erik Gunnar Asplund Design Principles: STRUCTURE
WOODLAND CEMETERY
A three dimensional grid system utilizes
abstract walls and columns to arrange
and compose the built forms.
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Donald Judd Design Principles: STRUCTURE
CHAIR
The concept of structure coexists with
the overall shape of the object. Object
and structure become one and the
same, without an indication of struc-
tural hierarchy. Judd attempts to blur
componential aspects into one prima-
ry object, emphasizing its wholeness
and simplicity.
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Peter Zumthor Design Principles: STRUCTURE
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Peter Zumthor Design Principles: STRUCTURE
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Erik Gunnar Asplund Design Principles: LANDSCAPE
SKOGSKYRKOGARDEN
The extent of the Woodland Crematorium is de-
fined by a wall. The buildings appear to dissolve
into the forest behind like a ruined, ancient city
while the low wall provides a hard edge to the
rest of the open, manicured site
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Donald Judd Design Principles: LANDSCAPE
15 WORKS IN CONCRETE
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Peter Zumthor Design Principles: LANDSCAPE
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Donald Judd Design Principles: ORDER
ORDER
Judd insists on the independance of things - a
commitment fundamental to his art and life.
Modular objects at regular intervals reinforces
a lack of hierarchy, and the equal status of
each element.
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Peter Zumthor Design Principles: ORDER
VALS THERMAL
BATHS
An early diagram of the Ther-
mal Baths demonstrates that
rom inception the project is
crafted by how one moves
through a series of interior
spaces. The diagram dem-
onstrates the ideology of
how the user engages the
building. The experience of
spaces are key in the ampli-
fication of the sensory expe-
rience one has as they move
through the baths.
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DESIGN PRINCIPLES : CONTAINMENT
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Erik Gunnar Asplund Design Principles: CONTAINMENT
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Donald Judd Design Principles: CONTAINMENT
CONTAINMENT
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DESIGN PRINCIPLES : REPETITION
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Erik Gunnar Asplund Design Principles: REPETITION
REPETITION
Repetition allows for multiple points of view of the
same object at once. Variations of form occuring
at regular intervals have no sense of hierarchy; all
parts are equally valued providing a sense of uni-
ty. Together simple elements become complex.
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Peter Zumthor Design Principles: REPETITION
VOLUME
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DESIGN PRINCIPLES : ESSENCE
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Erik Gunnar Asplund Design Principles: ESSENCE
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Donald Judd Design Principles: ESSENCE
ESSENCE
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DESIGN PRINCIPLES : EXPRESSION
Erik Gunnar Asplund Design Principles: EXPRESSION
SKOGSKYRKOGARDEN
Asplund employs many means to
reinforce the themes of aging, death
and birth at the Crematorium.The
railroad station clock is bent over as
if exhausted.
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Erik Gunnar Asplund Design Principles: EXPRESSION
SKOGSKYRKOGARDEN
The lamps in the forecourts of the
chapels are in the form of candle
snuffers and the entrances to the
cremation ovens in the shape of
caskets
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Erik Gunnar Asplund Design Principles: EXPRESSION
EXPRESSION
Develops as a reaction and rebellion against disputed contextual ideologies and institutions, such as
nationalism, expressionism, excess and detachment from the physical world.
Works are stripped down to their most fundamental features, but find complexity in the study of light,
materiality, structure and volume.
Power and meaning is to be found in the work itself. Historical and expressive content is reduced to a
minimum, if not non-existent.
Geometric forms, equality of parts, repetition of elements, neutral suraces and industrial materials are
common characteristics of minimalist works.
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Resources
Batchelor, David. Minimalism, Cambridge University Press,1997.
B. Jones, Peter. Modern Architecture Through Case Studies. Architectural Press. Oxford. 2002. p. 161-176
Cantz, Hatje, Donald Judd: Architecture, MAK Applied Arts, Germany, 2003.
Paavilainen, Simo. Hundred Years from the birth of Asplund. Arkkitehti, 1986. No.4. p. 52-59
Plummer, Henry. The Architecture of Natural Light, The Monacelli Press, China, 2009.
Treib, Marc. A Reconciliation with History: Gunnar Asplund and an Architecture of the past. Architecture and Ur-
banism, April 1991. p. 38-65
Wrede, Stuart. The Architecture of Erik Gunnar Asplund. MIT Press. 1980
www.installationart.net
www.juddfoundation.org
www.moma.org
Images:
Corbusier image:
www.worldarchitecturenews.com
Thermal Baths:
Plummer, Henry. The Architecture of Natural Light, The Monacelli Press, China, 2009.
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Resources continued...
15 Works in Concrete:
Ruby, Sachs and Ursprung, Minimal Architecture, Prestel, Munich, 2003.
www.chinati.org
www.unc.edu
Skogskapellet Interior
http://www.skogskyrkogarden.se/en/media/
Skogskapellet Exterior
http://www.flickr.com/photos/pg/2814171363/
Woodland Cemetary
Wrede, Stuart. The Architecture of Erik Gunnar Asplund. MIT Press. 1980
Stockholm Exhibition
http://www.arkitekturmuseet.se/ung/utstallning/modernismen/english/default.html
http://www.aggregat456.com/2010/06/impure-opticality-or-when-urban-screens.html
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