Chapter 6-1

6.1 6.6
Case
1. actie i6..o16 = /5,o16 e
2. saturatrre
3. acive 'o: V'(ffi)
4. sauration
5. active jc.oo : 1 mA; Is.d : 5x 10 5

Vr :
6. cutoff
0.025 Volts
6.2
v66.o16 : o.o25rn (3$; : ..*t
3e -!Jl
on' :
r, = o.2 |o 0.187 X 10-'6
ic,"* : 1 m; 1n"* : 5X10 8
--a
132 : 5 lo-3e '025 : 0-468 X 10 15
V : o.025
Second device has an Area 25 x of firs deice
o.ozsrn(!)
L: t" ,,.'""* = = o.z:

6.7
63

10 x 10 3 : , , : 6.273 x lo |6A
- la^v- "o''u''o2'+
lXl0_'':lre''+ls: For
_ (l X 0')? J: 0.69l 10_16A "' : o.7 + i, = 6.213 x'!o ften1n\2s
Making the transisor 4 imes wide and 8 times
longer icreases the satration current by a factor
: 0.907 m
of 321 Fo
'"= 32 ' = o.22| x 10 A' ic : lO A + 10 X 10_6 : 6.273 x |0-|6
atu': 28v ia: 32i1= 3.2mA Bn'025
e
6.4 = 0587V
Az : |o'6 A " 'rE
lternate way _ without calculating /s
:
/" 10 " ,", For vr, : 0.7 V
. - ''gr/V
. 0025
ulV lO mA
c2: Isae-
&c| = c'
ic : 0.907 mA
- "rlV
- ''sr'V : c|- c2 : l7e "'
lsP For i. = 16 *a
,-_
tX l 6
n 76
rr""/v = 16-61rr"''zv
r
'i]-
106 _ e|''Dx" "R)v 10x 1
: V
'!) _ !r : y, ln(lo6) : o.o25 ln(1o6)
vru 0.587

: 0.345 6.8
/9:1A
6.5
16:6
ir, : rr"''"u"u' : 10
2eo?n25 : 1.45
g=r:60oxl06_60
ir, = rr"''"'"'u' = lo-l8?-'?m'o25 = l.45
' lB !o l-6
f we se ic to 1.45 in case / and ..: __L = : o.s
vr ae allo{ed to vary
+1 6l

1.45X 10
6 : z"'n'02s

^':0.354 'n
 chaper 6_2

6.9

uae
' : ---L
B
( )
' f;=(f) ou'
6.r2
: to 3; 9 = 21 1A g : 9
0.5 I ,c ranges f.om 60 x 20 10 6 = 1.2 m
0.8 4 o3x20X l0 6: 6m
0.9 9 1:(+1)1
0.95 t9 1. ranges from 60 x 10-6 :
x 20 1.220 mA

to301 x20xl0 6:6.02m4

6,10 maximum power is: 9 VX 6.02 m=54.l8 mW

+ l 6.13

i-': i,
I 0.5 1 o,990't
. : B+t
2 0.666'l 200 0.9950
'' -_ ',
l0 0.9091 100 0.9990 ic : (5 l0-l5)e.65/'25 : 917
20 o.9524 20(n 0.9995 ic is constant and indepndent of

i, _ 977 -_lo-o _
ranges from 19.6
6.11 5
: , for-++ .oi:g77xlo6:4.89
2
J+ i, rages from

+ : ]- soe for +l. _ 5J s'l ,o o

l -a _ 998,r
'50
*
,o l
6
i. = -
'2 q,1" l
_
-J
] _- 16 93.
-;':;

l+
6.14
l , l _
l
. c
Case : l" : 50 u
o _
_P - o |_ ic: i_is= 1X1'] 5oX16=950A
-A
1- :t:95o j=19
Thus. s 50\|o"
I+ --L
l_ .. = __-:]9: o.ss
4:". +1 m
. i, :
case t: 1 A
1_
ic : i'_is = 1Xlo_j 10X10 6
_ l'+ :9
; 1_"_-
_ ggox 10.6:99
: t:
1

1__ |, lXl "

l
for small . -s
l _ _ _' :!:qs
"= +l 1
 Chapter 6-3

i" = 25 u
Case ll:
:
o:k= 10'1 o.qg
i6 : i6_ ig: 1 x l0 ]
_25 X 10_6 F lo.22

: 975 g:r=
'
0.t :84.167
0.120
= t:975xlo--6 _ :
|s 25Xl" -r9 /c = o.t x lo-3 /J ?0?8/0025

: 284.66 1o-l8
o= = 40
:.qzs Is
+ (e\ lu: lr+ "

6.1s
c : I_ Is = ?5'1.05
(:a)
c = 9s
: 73.95 m
t0 ' :x50106 o : & = 7395 - 0.986
:20 75

: : !: o.ssz :k: 'g5t1.o5 :'to'42g

+l 21

, : 13.95 10
3 : 1s e0'820'025

.: l0' /s : 4.208 x 10-16

o'9524
1.5 m 6,16
(a)
,
"v"d'
u= r 2v"dv'
.9l10 l5e vBEr'T
3e_'69n.o25
1o A
l.3 X l0_5
(b) /c
(Is = 6.98x10 ts A)
lo l : X1.07X10 r+ : 0.9346

-_ :
: 1_ 14.2g6
(b)
B __ ctl: i:ii : 69.998 A

, : 1, E= (.99)(6.98X1(Fl5)
"''av =6.91X10-5 A
/s = lo-3e_069/0'025 : l.o3 l0-l5
(c) q : 5 : l' D

u4l":u" ,|,tu = .93;116Is n

': (p+ |)"
o.l37 X lo-r : (+l)7X10 6:18.571
o=--P-=g.94g9 (c) ,
+l +
lc : 18.57l X7X
: 10_6 = O.l30m Ds tuu

I, = I, (sg =
"""!ut 6.91x10-17 A)
s = 0.130 X lo-3?_0'58m'025 : 10.922 X lo_l5 A
(d)
: c+ / : l0.l + 0.120 = 10.22 m "= 10m
Ia = l00
 Chapter 6-4

6.1E

lom = /.et"'2''=/, : 6.91 fA :\ - v : , h|f

" "vav ",
, _ lm
o:
.+ B (l0 m + 0.l m)
: .99 vru:Zsln[-J!'I : 650 mV
L5 x t0 '".J
/" 0m _ ll : Icl125 : 100/25 :8

,u 0.1 m

L : 6.98 fA +5V +5V

" :6.9lXlo?A
(d)

10,,

: Va 5 _ .65 :
R" --V _ .8
54 k

R, : Vcc:-Vc _ 5 _ : 4k
6.t7 I

0v
6.19

lc: le" '

Vc, V |,(f ) = |,(__r ") _ z.l '

V = Vr(T): ,s"(Jih): 948mV
B

r: 1r"cl:5x lo t5e0'5)'o25 = 2.43 A

+ {
VB D, . t'15 '
l': _ _ 5 x l0 I :n =o'162A
, v'
, _ 9- _
5E - qg " --e'
6.20

B - l.1 _ l0 '' a = ] _ o.yc

ll
I
Blv

1 1o-3 : !!Jn,aol5
:
0.99 *hen /r'a'c'" 1,
Vr, : 0'718 V 1r.: a-
ac)lv _ r*
"vl

V : o_ 0.718 : _0.718 v /s "(v

: Vs'Vsc : Y- lnk
i6:i9:0.99x3m
vc : l0-2i" : 1g - 2xo.99x 3 : 25ln 100 : I 15 mv
For v,'"= 0.4 v Bc : 0.7 0.4 = 0-:1 V
 Chapaer 6-5

ic : sc : lo |3e|2 : 0.0l6E : 25 ln[ 102] : 230.8 mv

"n'''u' For rn.""o : l0
ForV.r=6.3 V"7: o.1 '0.3 = 0.4v
V6g"^': 25 li,i]
i"q: l5qe '' to_J"l = A
O.O89
'['* i
ForycE=o.v V" = o.1 0.l = 0.6v = 25 |[|22.2] : '7.'l m
For .o.""d :
- l0 ''c"

l56e
0'6
5
ig = = 2.65 m
For Yr, = 0.7 V Vg*.u.= 25 r,|l l}fol
"-- \
i".
eo1t: Jd"r,
(n = 14.5 ,rn : 25 ln[631.6]
:
: 161.2 mV
For roced
ir. _ ,re :
0'1l 1
_ l0 '"e'" |.45 mA
For Yc, = 0.4 V Vac = 0.3 V Vg5"'.:25 h[l.J++0]
:
iB = iBE+ igg : |4.52
l4.5 + o.o2 : :
25 |1[202] |32.7 m
ic: ic_igg: l.45 _0 = 1.45 m
ig/io = 1.45 mA/ 14.52 : 100 6.22
For yc = .3 v Vsc=o.4
i : l4.5 + 0.089 : 145.89 A

i-' : |'45 _ Q! :
I0(n
1.4_5 .,,,1

i6liu- 1-45 m/l,16 A : 9 .9

For ycE = 0.1 v Vc= 0.6 v
i : 14.5 + 2'65 = mA
ic : |.45 _ 2'65 : '4-l
'l.2 ^
y.F too lo for me

6.21
. VlV sd u

8lven:
,a = ,s Isc e
-10v
.' i, ud, +.-e
- VscV :40
_= je
atlo l-
40
and ."o : ;t
l S 4l
' ls"'n 1s : lo lr
. lVc'^,* V
c\lV Isc
- vdv
r.-"a =
lsP
' . .vc*J B"\tv' ".N"
iF : = r"''"'u, +o.o2x ,o A
3
v "u'v
lse + Is-?
,."\)
"'v(L
_ l): .oz x to r,
" 1"u''"^"u' rl
i""vclv
rr
= clv
] -
v
1 p1,"l ,o 'l x lO ] e
'"vc'"lv
"f \, )
"''0?5(1!
O.02

t _ f _ ,.'""u vB : o.57o v, : _0'570 v

.,.,.", _ "
' "-"n . =:

I, eal: 1 ']e #
'40
_ sc + .'l
m -
t_ ,*-] = 0.82

: l "l
tlffi] .
/sc + ..a
QD yc:-10+iEXl0
For ,,ce,t : 50 : _to+xo.82 o
4l
Vg'.^.:25 r,[r.lffi]
 chapter

6-23
: ]!
i"'16 : .zs n

Calculating /si
. B lBl n
'c=]l:s|e
Jl x I : .' 1('75
t6 "' "s
l, u'"'u'
/r, : I.608 x lO 14 A
." ji Compare this to
IA
rr : 1r ''l''
"

o calculae r, fo a particlar ic ]e
: 1o
'710'25
For is : l0 mA ,E' : 0.685 V
: : 6.914 X 10 6
Foric:54 r,s 0.8 v
'.' IJ area
6.U Areal Isl - l.608 l0 4
1r, 6.914 X l_6
^rea2
: 23.3 times larger
6.26

For = 19

l, : : ]1 :
ufr ,,
lu = (if),,o ,. lO 9.69 ,,oB LA

"= ' 6: loxl0' 9.o9x 10-r:0.91 mA

, = , '
+ v
"u'"'u'
s
_ v rl" (f : o ox l" (;+--)
o'!

)
v= vB= 0.'7 460 o|ts
For : 1g

: #l,: (ffi)ror10 11 :999",o

6-25

0
*
+
JV
i, DB

for:15 7 65/7

i:(+l)rs I r",,
;
l0:(+1)r,
 Chapter 6-7

6.? l5V6 + 139.5=50-5V6

1,1 y. = J!J-!J = 1-a v6: _4.475

(b)
IO
, y6-0.7+10
,,___---
12 _ -4.475-O.7+10 _ 0.965 mA
5

6.29

V.: 12 _ 5'6 2'5 : _2

+2
2.4 kl
_4+l0:2.5r
2.4

-l0v /.:s: (*) 2m :

(c) :
TB r/ 4.1 \ 0.0215 m
2o t(/

(b)
,B:1mA:'.'-l

4.3
1- O 0m
1V
10 k

-10v
(d)
(,+B):ffi:rorl
+1v
'":(#):0.1m
!i, = ltor-o.l .\ = s: qq
\ 0.t m I

+7 V

-l0v
6= g
y, 0.7 + 10
5
- lo15 v
 chaptr G8

l.: (11i7)=:. 1" =

'
vt vt, 0.8 : 8o,ra
RF = l0
13: 3m
= ,+ .- l.- =9x80_78u
. +l
V.=3m(K):3v 51

/-:6.3_3:l']1 !":'=:l.,'a
" +1 5l
" |) K
V,: V,, _ /.R. : l.5V_0.78x5v
b : 3t :
= u* r ]]
90.9 : l.ll V
: 89.9 632
6-30 +5V
Vrr: * 9

-1V

For S.D 6 = 50
ic : l) 50 : 950 5
Since R. : 0 d' vc=vB=o.' r r(lm) lm,
'r(i]
.'. actie mode
=:sn_Ll
O- Vrr-Vc 9-0.7 8.-l klr L.
c - mA =
]

' .l Val,l : 640 mV + 57.9 mv

:
-= B".'' :'5 9= I9
698 mV
l-:l-=099nA
For FsD/5: i6 : 10 , i6 = 9 ' 11 "
:99 R_:_l_(_5):4.Mk
= '
For FsD/lo: i1 : 5 A' ic = 995
0.99

+: l99 R"'l = 5-0.698 _ 4.1 k

6.31
Yc can be raised untill = +0.4 V
+1.5V R-' = 5 + '4 : 5.45 k
.99

633

,a{ Rc =5.l
Vx
V:_o'7
_.7v
/, R=6.8 k

-t.5v l5 v
 Chaprer 6-9

-1 (b) Yr:0V
(_ 0.7 _ (_ l5))
y:yr+0.8:0.8v
1. = /' _ _ 2.| m
6.8 k
,.' : l0.8- |.51 : 0.7 m
Y" : 15 5.1 K(2.1 m) l
V, = 4.3 t : - : Qro.'l .1 = -69 .a
5l
6J4 v, = ,(| K) _ 1.5 : _0.8 v
+1.5V "-: +
= 0.69 m/50 _ 14 A and

yc < v, < y so Acive

(c) Ys:lV
y:yr+0.8:1.8v
,.. = 3-.8 = lm
I.I K
- 9,
= -
5l
t _ .98 re
v" : 1.(s60) : o.ss v
:
"50 - Q99- : zo ,rl
- _ and

yc < y, < y so ctive

(d) v, : r.5 v
-1.5v
v = 1.5 0.8 = 0.7v

1. = 0'7 = .5 m
^-: v-"s1 ' 470
L1cJ
: 25ln [0.ll : 57.6 m ' = . _ 11.5 1 =
51
1.47 -
V951:
v, : 3 - (1.47 m)(1 K) =
142 r
1.52 v
R_: |.5-0.5: l0k
' .l l": l- :147 - : zg nA
"50
V: o'142 y.
^nd
> v, > vE so cive
^ -lll_-
0.'142 + t.5
"u: 636
lcso doubles for each 10'C rise in temp.
_ 100.0.758 _ ?. k
l0 t 0.1 696: |o lo 9at 25"c
at 25' c cro will become
635
_-
(a) Vs: o 2 l0 (1x 10
9): lo.24
V': Vn_ 0.8 : _0.8v
_ 0.8 _ (_ l.5)
,-' _ 2.2 K
: 0.318 m 637

x/.
r' - .5r = 0.]t8ml _ 0.Jl2 mA
' 5t'
y. = .5 _ ,(2.2) = 1.5 _ (0.312 m)
(2.2 K) : 0.8 v
- \ :0.312
l"'B5 m _ 6'2'4 A and

V.> V YF soActive
">
 Chapter Gl0

''B The.efore for va : 0.7

.? .6]2
."n (1) .

6" _ _ ll(l2q
,L5 r
i = 7.59 mA',1.'
'-!
ic: Ie + co 2''
6.40
i.: .( |+L\".'v
'"9 l]l Vgl
. -
for opencircuid. i8 and ( l) gies
:
=

, ^'' |r : , v". y- ln g?l

' ''v _plr"u
CBo''c : _ L J
"
al 2l/ 25
subsute ino (2) & (3) + "'
r'
ir:(p+l)r'o :
.'. Ic l X 3.36 x lO-a m
iE:(+l)/cso
= 3.36
6--18 a 2/ avF i;ln i)/2r
a-avu: "
: eR -3o>> 1

6.41
ys changes by
-2 mv/"c for a padcular
cuen. cien hat at 25" c y8= 0.7 v aid
ic=l0m
Thus
V36 changes by -2 mVfC @ _25" c 8
: o''7' 2 lo ]( 5)
GVEN v8 = 0.69 v at 25" c :0.8V and ic= l0m
Thus.
: 0.69 @ l25'c V'" = 0'1 _ 2 X l 1(1)
at o'c yB 2 X l_1( 25)
:0.5v and ic: l0m
: 0.74V
A l"c vr = 0.69 2 10 3(75)
6.42 (6.18):
: .54v v
, *),*rt 1s = !0_l5A
6.39 "u'(
i._ = 0.5m ] and y,a : 10 v
Gien } a 20'c
= o'692
i, :
v
'" |
19 l5"v!o'25('
-
(a) The function emperature rises o 50" c ft)
vr" : o.692- 2 x lo r(50- 20)
v v v
V= .65 0.70 o.'2 .73 o."4
: o.632
Vc ,
(b) The Base-Emither voltage is fixed yrB = 0.7 V
(v) (m) (mA) (m) (mA) (mA)
at all tempeatures
t 2' c -i=.5mAatvR=0.692 0 0.196 I.45 1)t 4.81 7.16
Thus for ys = o.7 v \a,e have
15 o.22s 1.67 3.10 5.52 8.24
. 0.7 \\.691
lr
-----:
, l0 ' = e
25

To find the intercep ofthe straigh line characer_

.5
: istics on he i' axix. 've substitute y.F = 0 and
,, 0.689 mA
ealuate
Nov if T = 50"c &yr=0.7v
from (a) we see hat a 50' c,
1 = 0.5 m' V=o.632
 chapter 6_1

i7 '. --|-
lo ''e "' ' forhegien alueof zr.. r, _ y,.
The slope of each straight lie is ud to this "'. _ ___]_
v 8(68 ) \ 6.8 K,/] 6s

alue divided by 1 (y). Ths e obtain +1

V = vB(|o.9) _ 0.67
,sE() 0.65 0.70 o.72 o'73 0."4 :.Vt: -V - 0.67 +2 mV(10.9)/'C
_ ntercept (mA) 0.2 |.45 3'22 4.80 7.6 "r(1O.9)
TcoEy.is 2 mV 10.9 _ +21.8 mV
*
slope (m/v) 0.2 0'015 0.032 .8 o.?2
'"c'c
v. - 0.68(10.9) - 0.67. 21 8 mV x 75'C

. v : _8.l + 1'64
V = -65

6.44

68 k= Rz V, 1
51n,r" = _k : = 50k
v ' i. 2 x 1o-5
v,
Rt ro: : roX2mA: lv
6.8k i+vA
,^: l : 5k
" 20 m

6.45

/1 + g: 1.1 v^ t5o
,o:i=
Assume 1 - 1 m so rr:0.680v k
V jg: l1 For/c:1m
0.68 : /l (6.8 ) .^: !l9J = |50k
" 1m
/r - 0.l m
:
For 1. 1)
1":'=l.:1o,,A
" lol l0l r^: 15v : l.5M
" 0-lm
' = . = !7. = 6.99.a
to' 6.4
12: /l:0.1 m+l0=0.1mA
|+ Vx5 : o.72V -j. = 1.3 r4 Vgg : 2
:. V, = - 11163 K) : -7.48 V
ic : 2.4 mA Vru: |4
v : '7.48 - 0.68 : _8.16 v
,^:Js _ l4_2 _ 2ok
V': _2(68)-V"" " ic 2.4 .8
lr, ysf ear satration y. : 0.3v
Vrr, I V o-8/....V,__O.3_2-261
_ 6.8 K +l _ 6.8 K |' l-|
'_ '+"_ ic i._ l.8
ig = |.72 m
 chaper 6_l2

calcIating vc tol c : 2.0 mA

,^: Vo : lV :
8].]lk
Vr' _'o " , l.2 mA
i, =
JS
^.iu +
Vr'- 2 :2o=+V--:6 ro
2 t.8 = x 2 -1, 2-lJl .na
Take the ratio of currents to find the 9arly oltage
t25
' +
l0
(with Eq 5.36) : O.214 mA
'BF 'B .'. ic : .2 mA + c : |.474 ro^
2'4 e \ | + l4lv A\
|8: Il+2^) 6.49

V66= + 5V
z' +!
va
: .g +2
v

wher /c is the current near saturaion ) acive

boundary. s calculated above /c = l.72 mA

,^ _ 14 _ l9.8k comoared o lhe

" L72 r11A

above calclation of 20 k.

(a) active region

6.41
, v.c - Vc
'c - k
: l-----l :4m
IK
= 4 = o.o8.
1.
5
Vs : + 2!}a
50
: +2.3 V

(b) edge of safuation v6:0.3V

,^:5-0..1 : 4.7 mA
'l
3 : 6l : 4.'ll5o:0.94 rn^
V s : o.094 X 20 + 0.7 : 2.58 V

(c) deep saturaion g : o2 p : l0

6.,8 c: _o.2)l:4.8m
For a.c. - small signal
6: 6l6,".a = 4.8/l=0.48mA
g:i._o.lm_|25 V ss : O.48 x 20 + O.'1 : +10.3 V
in 0.8 A
For d.c - la.ge signal

3: .: l'2 m
' B 8A
5o
 Chapter 6_13

6J0 6,52

V..: + 5V +3V

-
Prr...l _:-
lolc.d

_ (vcc - o.2) RB
(vcc - o.7) Rc
power: vccqB + c)
V, :
Total
For 1.5 V
= V66 6[ + l/o.""o] : 1.5 - 0.7 : +0.8 V
YE
.'' P _ 20 mw _ y.-c( ycc o.zlfI * __-| , : 0.8 v/l k : 0.8 m
l
/. : /r( high)
:5X1y11 :4!
l?c Rc V : V66 gRg
Rc> 26.420 : l.32 use l.33 k :3-0_8l:2.2
For V, : 1.q
6S1 V: l.o_ 0.7 :0.3v
Assume acive:
v: 3'v8 : 2.3 (ssume Vr" : 0.7 V) ]c : I = 0.3/l : 0.3 m
"= 2'3 = 2.1 m Vc:3- 0.3x I : 2.7V
" For Vr: OV
'
/. = 2.3 m(50) = 15 m Transisto cut_off.
Vc: l15m(l : 115v, y.<yr(notrue!)
K) V: o
sauration. Use yEcsAT : 0.2 v
+3_yEcsA_%:o V,': +3V
vc:3 o.2:28 6J3
V = 2'3 Maximum VB vhen V3 = Vc. ssume Va = 0.8 V
Vg: 3
V: V_V = V -0.8 vVg: V.+o.8
> v, < y ... SATURAED v: (l )

/"4o, (i*) _ for high +1, : 1.

o 2.8m _
rnrccd _
- 9.33 3 _ rc(t K):
L 03m
(*) 3 - /.(l K)
q--------a-=-
/.(1 K) + 0.8 V
Transistor will operate at edge of saturation when v" vs
v,: vR: 2.8 3 _ 0.8 : K) + /"(l )
V" 2
.'.R":
' A
=
:m
= q.r ,,' : 2.2 , m
'"(1
2
-:
V,: V:3_l.t m(l K):1.9v
with rol..d :l: 1"ff...
r" : l,
 chaper 6_l4

" + g: g
. t. - - (5 +2+25) o'] - 2'425 mA
2g: 5
y. * -1,1 yu V: _5+2.425x2: _0.15 V
z[
\ l ./ lK v8: v + o.'7 : +0.55 V
Using ycEcA : 0.2 Vr:5'2.425x2: +n.15
Vr=V"+0.2 Fo edge of conductioo vB=o.4
./]-y_0.2\ v
t- = l- :
y8, _ 0'4 + 5_
' I ., -L,lr' 2

2 (2.s) ?/: v + 2v +0.4=4.6

Vs= _5
vc=+5v
v-:22'8' 1.9 ,,
V=_5v
V: |.9+o.a:2.' Fo. / = 2.15/10 m = 0.215 m
Vc = 5_0.215x2:4.57
6-54 V: _5+o.2|5x2: 4.57v
+5V V": Vr*O.1 : 3.87V

ForYr=-lV
v= _l '7
5 t.7 1
2 Va= o'7
: 1.65 mA under normal conducion & ys = 0v
vc:5- 1.65x2:1.7V v=o 0'7 = 4'7
Forv8=v I-'l = l _: o._1 m /-
V= 4'7
vc = (5 - 0.3)1 = 4.7 V
- = . : 5 _ '7 2.l5 mA
2 A cuoff - a o[ he curren in the l mA source i1

vc= 5 _ 4.3 : 0.7 spplied through R

For Ys = +1V -Va=0'5v

V = +0.3 v :.vL _ _|l - -| Y &l6=r=Q
=5+o.3l2=2.65|^ .'.v = v+0.5 = +0.5
Vc:5-2x2.65rn = --0.5 v
: _0.3 v .'. sauration Fo safuraion ycd = 0.2'vcR=45
Vr=Vt+0.2
4.8 v
For edge ofsatraion Vc = 0.3 v c:5 vc/1:5_(L-!)
V66 _ (V gg) = .R. a Q.3' a l
'' = 5.2_ V
 chaper 6_15

.:\+
't : J------::! : 0.76 m

t the edge of Saturation vD: |.2 - o;'l =o.5

1 Ic Still! 1,- = 0'5_0:0.0l m
50k
.'.5'2 V': Vu|
c: _ D: o.75 |A
V"=42D =2.l
V" =V" + o'7 =2.8
Vc: 5+0.75x5: -1.25 V
Vc=Vs+o.2=2.3 g:/.:0.75-7s
' 0.0l
o= : = .9s7
6.56

V" +3V + 76
6J8
Rl k

6:2m

R,

0v

gnoring 1,

Y, : 1'5V
For
j4'-: and

V,, : mA
il+R2
0-1
-5V
R2 = 15 kf,}
Designe.'s deice
V=o
n: 5k

For = 19,- : l.5YR,= 7.5 k
v= 1.'

VBB-O.1 _ t.5 _0.7 n.' = 5'0'7 :

,r _ 0_745 m 2m^
2.t5 k
[-l-l +7Jl
*
Vrc=-2.5V(given)
c: /(p + l) : 0.74 nA
Vc:3 o.'l4xl = 2.26
'"v,:2'5Y
R- = J -''J _ l.25 k
I
657 Select 5% values
R : 2.2 kdl' Rq = 1.2 k
5-0.7

2.2 k
= 1.45 mA [ =2mA]
vc :'5+ l.2x 1'95 : _2'65

Measured YF = I .2 V
 chaper 6_16

6.59 If actie. |yr| : 0.7 v

t"= o'7
" 20 k().5+ ( + l )2.2 k{)- -0.0125m
+5V

V:20k X 0.0325 : 0.65 V

Vu: V"*O.1 V: I.35V
Vc: _5+9n2'2: 1.425
lv, - v : 2.7a > o.4
'|
.. active mode
Larges Rc for active mode
Vc: V- 0.3v: l.35 - 0.3 : 1.05 v
,-. -l05 22k( 5) =2l5mA

6,61
5V =l
For R, = 29 1 Ri : 1 k _'.'
(a) R, is large assume acive

-: 5 o" = I.66m
mode.
' 2.2 + 20/51

- = -
'5l = 1.6.] mA
'
Vc: '' x |.63: _|.42
5 + 2.2
V,, = } 5 22x |.66: + 1''35 v
V= V' 0.7 = -o.65V l0l
ForR, : 1 1
-: 5 _o" : l.0] m
' 2'2 + 1'/5l VF + 0.'
V:5_1.03x2.2: + 2.73 v

:
v":
" o+ l'0'] x |
5
+ 2.o_1 v {
f :',,,,o,
v-' _5- .o'} /L9." 2'2 - _2.78 v
5t

Forsamel,: s 5l \]@-t - zss

l, : ffi
20
|ff
v, .nl
6.60
Loop (l)
+5V
s_.nl_o.?_y.:o
tot
V= 2.|6
v= v + 0.' =2.86

Vc : 5 _ x]!9 yu : z. v
Thus he BJT is in acive mode as assumed.
(b) R, = l0 kfl - assume saturation

5V
 chapter 6_7

t: lj:,r.r*

|.3
.'. sauration as assumed
6.62 (a)
1k+1c
+3V

+
o.2
+
0.7 v v

1k {

, 5-(VF+O.7)
'
" ----R "-
, 5 - (VF+0.2)
,c-----l-
r:'=lmA
: v- : '+ .
g
t' Vc:3_1.61:1.4V
..v.:43- Vu
+4.8 - v-
/*0 >>1
' 0 V=0
lov + v + 10V, : 4.3 143 Vu: V" o.7:4'7
V=2.49 (b)
vc : 2.49 + o.2 : 2.69 +3
vB = + 0.7 : 3.l9 v
Check: 1- 5 2'69 : 2_]1 m
'1
,"" 5_]'l9:0.!8l m
I0
Ic=2'3l=12.76<1)
/s 0.181
Hence' ve are in saturation aS assumed!
(c) R, = l k - expec saturation' use circuit in (b)

, 5_(v+o'7) 4'7_v
'u-- & |

' 5_(vE+o.2) 4.8 I

v

: + c = v (b) -3 V
4.3_ vE+ 4'8 V: V
V=3
V: _0.7

vB= 3.7 \ r, = -9:Ji3:r.os,e

Vc=3.2
Vc : 3'1.6 t.05:+ i.32V
Check1r:4.3 _3 = l.3 m
c:4.8-3:1.8m
 Chapter 6-18

(c) (e)

+3V +3 V

3.3 k

vc

-3 V
>l
since /s = 0
(c) _3
v"" = :+ 150x6:0.7.]V
t50+91
l-:3 o'7
= l.05 m v = v+ 0.7v:+l.43v
' 2.2 k
since /, = 0. +Y, = 0 1-: 3_ |.43:6_43a
- 1-l
v: o 0.7 : 'o.1 Vc= -3 +0.48x5.1 :-0.55V
Vc:3_L6X1.5:+l.32v
Ne: essentialy identical to (b) since 1s = 6.63
(a)
(d)
+3V
+3 V

3.3 k

: o
c
'" Vs= O"1

5.1 k

(d) 3v ": '/(p + l):9.69ro

V6: o gx22k:4.22
_o'1 : v = vs_o'7:4.92
- _ 3 - 0''l 0.48 m
c: pl/( + l):0-99mA
V : 0.7 + 0.7 : l.4 Vc:3_0.99x|.6:l.42
Vc: -3 +0.48x5.1 :-{.55V
V= o'7
 chapter G9

(b) (d)

+3V +0.7 v +lv

vc

-3 V -3V

vs=o
3 0.7 _ o.1 = o'42 r
- 3.3+56/101
V: V_ 0.7V:o.7V :3-0.42x 3.3:
v +1.6V
1.: - 0.7 - (-31-'.n..o
' 2.2 vB = E- o.' V: +0.9V
6: pg/(p + 1): l.04m vc = - 3 + 5.1 x .z x 1 :_o.v
1l
Vc:3-1.04x1.6:+1.34V
()
(c)

+3V +3V

v
: 1
vc

-3V
,et
v--: i+ l5ox6: +o.7lv
-3V 15 + 9l
: 1 Rr, =. : 56.6 k
9l || 50
"' ' o_o'7_( 3):o.95mA I-: 3_o'7_o.''l = 0-4t m
2.2 + 22/ tol ' 1-l + 56 6/ tot
V= 3+0.95X2.2:4.9l VE= 3-0.41x 3.3: +1.63V
vs = v+o.7:-.2l vR : v-o.7: +o.93
IV:0_22o.95/o] V-= _3+5.l Xo.4l x!_ -o.q:
'
V-:
'
3 _ l.6 X .95 X 1: +l.sv
ll
l1
 Chapter 6-20

6. For : 56,y.:*,,
+l5 " = 5 - o'7 = 0.043 m
" t(n k
Ic = /s : 2.l5 mA

n_ =
'
1:j : t.a
2.15
v For: 1
c : l x 0.043:4.3 mA
vc
Vc : O + 4.3 x 1.4: +6V
impossible .'. satation
vc = +5 _ .2 :4.8v
-15V 7-::3.43.a
' 1.4
For = 1
R_ = --j---_.!----l! : l0.lk 6.66
' m/ lol For : 1 andRopen:
use 10 k ig: iez:0. ,:r:
,-: 15-.7 :lm
' R"+ Rri ( + l)
+9V
RE+Rsll0l: l4.3
RF+ RJst : t4.31O.9
Use : 50 as \orst case l/5l > l/l51 t
llll] : }{,
- r_f
"l 5l
Is.s _ +..l

.'. Rs : 163.8 k use l64k t

then l?E : 14.3 Rsll0l D,v
= l2.7 k use 13 k
14.1 ,.*i
+l 13+64/(+l)
For :50
=
50. l4.3 : 0.865 m
51 13 + 164l51 9-0;1 : o_07 m
- 15 + l0 x 0.865 : 6.35 V 80k+40k
Fo : I50 V", : o.1 + .07 m 40k: 3.5V
Vt : Vt - 0.7v = 3.5 _ o.7 = 2.8V
/. = 50 . + l4.3
' tsl l.l t64/ t5l =
l.t mA
-' :2'8 : l.4 m
Vc: ' 15+10X1.01 = -4.9
1] = /.l since = l
6.65
V,':9 - 2x 1.4 m _ o.7 : 5.5 V
y.s : 2V.J Transistor is in active mode.
V j'2: Vg1 : 5.5
+5V

Vr' = 5.5 + 0.7 : 6.2

1", = 9-6.2:28mA
" lo
/.z=1czsince= l
'-z V r, = 28 mA X 10 : 2.8 v
For=.4 and R conected:
Still: Ysl = 3.5V YEl = 2.8 V
 chater 6_2l

aso; /D| +
.
Ist :
+
from (3)
Same
potential
l.,(l
'' \ + l +.s)
l
+
for = l:
: 9-V"t
0.7
0.06 /.,
8 k
+3.5 V +Vg:9_48/l (4)

+2.8 V also:Vr, = 0'' + x2kd (s)

l t v-' = 3'l4
From (41& (51 { "' : l.22 m
|''
Vu' : '22 mx2k)v :
| 2.44
since the voltage drops across the top two
resistors are the same:
,': I,: o99 x |.22 m= l.2 nA
gain: oltage drop across he top two resistors
/clX2k:/ur1 ae the same.
n=2o c
a|So| c' = ' a= z 2kd'' D2: l'1r
n
oz= o.o5
2
+2.8 V bt r^. = l_2 fi'
B+ I

vcz
+ l.2 mA = (. * l,,
14m:192Jk vcz
#)
l 0.06
n=2o mA
Vz:9'1X20m:7V
Vz: Vcr:1_0.7 = 6.3
l'4 _ -' : I-, -
ys}
mA' 20
10,0 r, : ', : 19.8 m
-J yc2 = 1 X (2'l.lg' _ l.4 nA) (1) Vg| : | X 9.8 m : .98 v
also: For= l and R connected:
To simplify the solulion: assume i or
: l.4 mA _ cl
/p is << /61 )v=2.44
-->Vg2: 5.6 _ r'x2k (2)
soing for Ic, from (1) & (2) "' <- n
r, aA R=2k 16'3 1
= 1.4
2.44 ---' v,,
subsitutig in ehe () or (2)
c2=2.8 [=v1]
and: Vr, : 9' l X 1.4 m =8.86V 2k ,1, t.zz .n l
yr2 = ycr V
= 8.86 - 0.7 = 8.16
For=1andRopen:
n the previous two cases' /Dt = 0.07 mA,
1rl = 1.4 m- f = l
-+ /91 :0.014m From the t of circuit:
which is a significant amount compared to n= clo'
0.07 m and hence, it must be taken into account.
_
2

The bottom two resistors have equal oltage ,c2

6 '!
dops, hus:
2kxrl:4okXIDl 62 : 16.3 51
To obtain 1|:
-+ /r, = 0.05 r' (3)
--
l'22 rnA , : 16.3 , -#
 chper 6_22

V cz = l(1'7 .2 _ l.22 mA,) Use lvr,l : 0.7 v

also: V : 5 + 0.5 m(9.l ) : _'45 v
v c2 2'44 __
l '27 m -'
2 k (b):
+ v c2 : - 2A4 2n | + 2.44

= 4.88 2xlor.IF,
From (7) & (8): /, = l.]]4 m
Vcz=2'18
9.1k
hus.
1., : 1,33 mA '|
u'' = 22. mA
Vrr:9_22'1 m |: 6.19
V : 6,19 - 0.7 : 6.09 V
",
To confirm initial assumption on /i:
2.44 _2'l8
- _ : o.1.] m
" 2 k()
which is 10 times smaller han 1.'.

6.61
(a): -

+5

U')m=
4.3 r

9lk 9.1k
+
v
0- 0.7

U5 : 5_.9m (5l.k) = 4.59v

+
A5=V,
o.7 u4: -{.45-0.7 = -1.15 V
, I la
0.5m 4.3k{/ = ff= .s.l
 chapte 6_23

+ 5- 1rt(9.1 K) - 0.7 _ 1rl(1 K) : R.: (5- Vr)/2:4/2:2k{L

,rl _ for:1
-l y2 = _0.7 v, l : 1 nA
4.3 : .g] K+ lK) ,. = l x 1,/101 :0.99m
'' lol
V: : 5 _ 5. X0.99 : -0.049v
,,

'' = -_
7., = -41 .a V4= V1+O-7: +0.65V
_ ()
l

v, : 5 _9.l (.43 m) : l.36 v l B7: _ o.65\ / 4.3 k = 1.0l m

vt: 1.36- 0.7 : .66V 162 : |.o1x 0.99 = 1.0 m

r' : : .426 m Vs:-5+3x1:-2V

'' Vu: V' 0.7: _2.7
-5+9. K(Icl +2\ 0.7 2G.3)+ 5: o
9'l,!-/" 1r : (5 - 2.1) / 1.2 : 1.9 mA
9.| (.426m)' +
IOI
_ 0.7 _ ,E,(4.J K) - 0
Vl:5 l.89x2= l.2
l.'" : 42lO
l : .zs ml 6.69
V: 5 + E2(4.3 K): _l.8v +2.5
v1 : va+o.1 : _1.8v

t-68

+5V

_2'5

forV,:0
g : u2: o
-5V Vu:Vss=O
ForY!: +2V
for:
V1 :0 0.7: -0.7V O, oF
2 o'7 : l.18mA
& = 4.3/ mA : 4.3 k .'
_' = l+Ill
V : 1.18 V
... ''l = :j : s Ys: Y, + 0.7 : 1.88 V
For V' = _2.5 ' 6o
use 5.l k
V:5_5.=_0.1 v -' :
2'5 _ o.7 :
" I +10,/tOt 1-64 mA
Va: V3+ 0.7: +0.6V V= _|.64 x l : _1.64 V
R3: (5 - 0.6)/ l : 4.4 k use 4.3 k V = '2.34
Vs = '2
For V, : -5 V Q, OFF
Ro=(_2'(-5))/1:3k 5-o'7 : ].9l m
Va : Vs- O.7 V : -2.7 Y
"':
" 1+I/Iol
R6: (_ 2.7 _ ('5\\ / 2 = 1.l5 k V: _3.91 : V": _4'61y
use l.2 k
 Chapter 6-24

6.70 5_vE _ (v_0.'7)+5 +v-o.2

I I0 I

=. zlv
: : 4.77 or v 2.2'
V:V_0.7:l.57V
10 k vc: vE 0.2 = 2.01
[check yF : 5_ l v}(0.657 + 2.07) : 2.27 1

D _ l.87 _'<
prorced-ot4t-J.'J

(c)

+5V

-: 5 0"7 : 4.3
' l+20/(+l) l2
= 3.58 m
which wold make y. < y
.'. sauraed V6 : 0.2
v 5_o''_v+5 0'2_
l k 20 k lok
- 23 v : 11.9

''' Y, : 0'6M V
- _ 4'8_ v.
Ptorcei - 4'3 v
Assume Qi & Q. Saturated
'o
o.42 Vl : Vz_ 0'7
0. r85
V: Vz-o2
v = v1_o.9
v\: v2_o"l
2: 1+ 1+ 4_ 5

, 5 Vz
' t0
5 v,
.------- v,-0.7.v,-0.2 v2 o.9
l l l0 l0
5
_ (y, 0.7)l
l.rol
+ 13V, : 26.1 .a
(d)

lk 3 k

Assume saturated
5-V
, 5_V
" lft 10

v.-0.7+5 l0 k
' l0 k(l
, v o.2 V
'' r k lom.
 Chapter 6_25

Vz-2.0 + 7V,: 32.9

l+ 'o_ Is _ 0'l7 _ +V":1.94Y
. =
forced
/, 0. t3
|.J
: o.l24 m 1a = 0.104 \
. forced=
s _ o.l23 _ 1r = 0.306 mA 16n : 0.094 mA
to t. 0.tt - 0.123 "., 1 : 0.182 m 19a : 0.01 m
c}
(c) Using " Giant Ne pproximation''
5_ '5_v v v
10 3 10 0
v r-tor""=
ffi -forc= Q991
l0 :1.47 :9.4
20 _3V + 5- = 9V Note: using'Giant Node" method
13V:2O 5-v+5-y_3V
v:1.54V 10 40 10
Hence /c? : 0.115 mA 11 : 25
/r, : 0.154 mA :: V' : 1.41 (309o differen)

owee for 8a - without approximation

. 5 (' _0.7) 6i1
,.n: ------ +5V
v, - 0.9
'- 10
e1ce fo ca< a
vr'e ned v2 > 2. v
and as by' Propagating V65'' shown below, Q,
canno operate prope.y
The "Giant Node Approximatin" does simply
" scate up'' wih y ycc but unfortunately it
does ot "scale don'' 'her v B> v cc / o
(say)
To fix probem : eiher
(a) raise V- at the edge of sauration
(b) raise &,
'o:03V
: _0.7
(c) Using " ropagate v, method" .., v. v
,c vc. Vo
' R,
c| _ vcc' l.
40 k r" vcc _ 0.3
/'
"-
5-
40
7
!!4' : .ou "' , u,
v1_0"
o, -'. vBE: v ln4.1 /4] = + 4.03 mV
v, 09
t0k .'.Au : Vo/ V = _|74 /
"'
v, - o.9 : _ : v/vl
0v
l0 [oe:

orrro
|

v:5_0'3=l88V/V
5_v2 ' 5.7_v r'0.7 ' v1- o.2 ' v2_o'9 0.025
l 10 10 10
20_4v2+5.' - v1: |2v 2 _ 7.2
 Chapter 6-26

6.72 On the verge of Satuation

+5V V q' .= 0.3

for linear operation 6 : Ay6"
V ru - |Au'',| = o.3
(5 - /cRc) -.4yx 5 x l0 r : 0.3
5 |Av| |a, x s x o '| : o.:
]v(0.025
: 5 _ 0.3
+.5
lAv| : 56.67 Noe is negative.
:. A = _156.67 /
Now \e can find the dc collector oltage. Refer to
the sketch of he output voltage, re see hat

For 1c - 0.5 m |va|

: |(,x0.5)|
.'.yc = 0.3 + vI0.5 : v
: -9!l
-Q: zvl
1.08

^u V,
=
.25
6,74
Vq' = V.6 6R6
ssume cE Amp inh R : 0
:50.5 = 4.5\

max *Vo = 5 _ 4.5 : + 0.5 V 'olage cainl = |( )8- R.l - ;Rc
rax_ V6: 0.3 _ 4.5 : _ 4.2
: V.. _ 0.3 V
lso max /.R.
Similarly -)
1.0 1.5 2.0 3.0 (v)
, (mA) (v/v) POS Neg
v,.,.-0.3 0.7 1.2 1.1 2.7 ()
28 48 68 r08 (v)
0.5 20 0.5 42
('l2 0.5 0.75 t.0 l.s (v)
1- -40 l_ 3.7
_ 0 20 30 4n 60 (V/V)
2.5 2.5 2.2
v(-0.7 0.3 .8 l.-1 2.3 ()
4.O - 160 4.O o.7
t2 32 52 92 (/v)
4.5 - 180 4.5 0.2

6,13
6.75
since we are assuming linea operation we do't
t ar,_
hae o go o ic = ,s e ' equalion.

smv r'l
t Dc collecor okage

I
' )-"
i-l --J-
vF

J' o.r,

t Y.-.^:0.3+lPl +rcRc

l,l : (_
!. > O.3 v o sny itr acie mode-
)'^r":'+=+,
IcRc Vcc-VcE .'. y.c mi
' 11
 chaper 6 27

= Vc,o,P+Avv (b)

gRg : |Ar|V
'
P(v)
P+O-3
(a) -20 o.2 0.5 1-O + 1.OV
(b) -50 0.5 1.25 2'os + 2'5
(c) _l .5 2.5 3.3 , 3.5 v
(d) - 100 1.0 2.5 :t.8 -) 4_ v
(e) -200 1.0 5. 6.3 -r 6.5 v
() _5) l_ 12.5 13.8 J 14V
_5) e
G) 2.O 12.5 14.8 15V
+4.5+5V -'
6.76 satration cut-off saturaion c-off

Vt' 6.18
V6: Vqs-i.R6
V
B, v^
= V.. R6 /1 e ' tl - V.r,u o'!
n''1

iv L,
7
_ _r.l
V", '"t ',,v. 'l(, _k.l*"-l
''
votur. ,uin i.
1l\' vA)'dv8l
vo: -g.v.(to Kll l0K) = n^J
' vrl + !!s
va va
*\ dv''1
avBEl

-R--L[1 * Yt'
.'. Vo = 'g^V1 ) -. A,,' - V'L v+\Vnt,,1'|
, :
':
n- = = 16,o17 'RccfV + Vc]
v 25m =- 7'' L v^ J
K) : y
^
.# = -c-(5 16m(5K) = -s0 tv A + cRc]
lv nl
6.77
(a)
_
_ (V.c _ vc\ ,1v
\ )'L^, |/-l
+ CRc1

_ (vcc _ vc) / v
, Vcc_Vc1
t'- v^ + ". ]
without QED
' .R, lVcc V..\
^u_'=_\ )
_ _5-2.5: _1V/V
o.025
with v
(Vcc Vc) (yA l ycr)
n
lv^+ (vrr- vrrn

=
_t) X t02'5 _ -l v/v
102.5
 Chapter 6-28

6.19 = (3 0.3)/v
+5V =- 108 V/V
(b)
For,4y : -8OV/V
l..:1g&:
'
rRr=8oV':2
.'-V= Vg6 2: |
(c) For 1.: 0.5 m and R6: 2

Rc:2/0.5=4k
(d) V = v ln[]c/ Is]

Foryo:2v'R.:1k = 25ln[0.5 / 10 "] : M6 rnv

(e)/r: _36ru andV1 = *5mV
,_ = j--- = ]m V6= AyV1= 80X5: _4mV
A',:
_ rR. Vo: Va,+ v,,.: | - 0.4 sin (v)
' v
= l2o/
(1for i.u : 0.4 V
vo: _|2ox 5: 6mV
: i, : i.,lR, = 0.4/4 : O.l m
V uo' V' 1n[l2/

'| (g\ib : ic/ = o. / 1 = 0.0l mA
1 nB/
' : r/ p : 0.5/1 : o.5 m
j: 5 /25

'
i, : 0.5 + 0.1 sint m
(a) 2: |e5'25 = 3 x |.22:3.66r
o: (2 11)R.^:0.66X 1:0.6V h1 r,, = 1= ?' = s
rt I mA
: -..660/5: _132 / (i)
(b)11 = 11e
5'25 : 3 xO.82:2.46mA Vc(V) ic(mA) i8 (mA)
: 01- /,)R6 = 0.5,14 V
o 0.851
Av: -544/5: -109V/V
^V

0.846
V yo (exp) yo (linear)
""
+5 mV _66 mv -6 mv .84l

-5 mV +544 mV +600 mV
ac wae forms vr. i. i, are in phase while .,
6.80
is l80" out of hase
+-l v
6.81

a,. _cRc
(a) Theoretical max '
""-;,_
, vcc - vcsu,
" v By." = _i Rc
 Chapter 6-29

'- ,''-
'.. |b": _rR,
icRc
v
load line + i.
R.
Ouput cuen : k .'. l0_ vc = 5_0.05 ,.e

'o* ""'
"-_ nput |tage , V r, : r' = 4.16
'..8.R,=+ c : ic : lo _ rr: 5.24
i,ow for a sfid
of 30 peak superimposed on
8^= Ic/ V s :
50 A' The operating point moves aong the
Im load ine beten points N and M. T obtain the
': 25 mV
= 4' ms coordinates of nt M' ve solve the load line and
|ine , to find the i!efsection M and the load line
-
for1. = 1.1 and line L. to find :
For Point M:
6-X2 i. : 8+ (8/l)v6B & i6 : |o _ 6
For = 1: rc:1, .'. rc|m : 8.15 m, ,cEl. : 1.85 v
line fric: l k For Point N:
=50A
ic : 2 + o.o2 :
65'& i6 1o - a'
i= A
v6sl, : 7.84V, j6l, : 2.l6mA
i,: 30
ic=2oA

234 uc

eak-to-pea : 4_1 :3V

v. swing
ForQ point at vcc/2:2.5
Vg'=2'5: c:2.5A
g:25A
o7
1":v""
"R, = 25"'a
+V"": "R"*o.1 __ 2.5 + 0.7 : 3.2 Load line
o"=
6.E3 { =-
See the graphical construction that follows. For
this circui : Thui the collecor current vaious as lolo\rr's
V66: 10V = 1 2.91 mA
Rc = lk Ve : lV
1r : 50 A _dcbias ic = i,
atyc : 0 =s'mp p

..1.=56Yt*
= 5m_dcbias 3.8 m
civen the base bias current of 50 m the dc or nd the colle oltage varies as:
bias point ofthe collector crrent & olage v.
can be found from the intersection of the Load
Line & the tansistor line L! of :
50 . sp- '
'84
cifically:
of-| ic : lr(1 * rr/ V o) 4.16 : 5.99 V

= 5(l + lr / t0) 1.85 V

=5+0.05Vc
 Chapter 6-30

6,U
since we ae sill in acie mode ," _ fr
s0.
i.

16.4_.x|: .9,r_0.7,
' 5t'
l0l r: 361.4
.'.=vs=3.58v
ic:6_+0.4:2.82mA
;":ir:1E=o's.e
"50
For ys : 4 v and 6Y the tansistor is in sara-

tion. ssume V s : o.7 &

V,.,", : O.1 - 0.6 :0.1 v
for: V; : 4
: v = 4-o.'1 :3.3
since conduction des not start unti y,. 0.5 v'
i,. & i. a.e essentially for ys 0.5 v i-: : rl.l
For:
yc:3.3+0.1 :3.4V
V: 1_ 0.7 = 0.3 v i-:6-3.4 :2.6mA
I

;- = QJ:6.3.na
i-: 9x.l 3.3 2.6 = o.' n
=
i-:
. +!' for: Yr: 6V
5l
= 0.294l m V: 6_ 0.7 = 5.3v
Vc = 6_ 0.29m l k : V
-t : s.:l ml
i.:
5.71

- i 'ic _ i-
iB 0.059 mA -= Vc = 5.3+0.1 :5.4V
,-
For i-'l = 6-54= 0.6m4
vE = 3_0'1 :2.3 i, : 5.3 - 0.6 = 4.7 m
i : 2.3 mA
circuit in srurrjn:
,:
.
61
={xz.l=z.zsg
5
vc: 6 2'25 = 3.75
i:2.3_2.25 v6+ 0.1 V
= 0.045l m
-e saration begin at , : r when
Vu, : o.4
v-: o'4 6 x+o'4
=r- I

V": l _o'7 ai.='o"|I

 chaper 6_3 t

As r, f, +8 +0.377 +0320 - 15.2

3 ,E follows
linearly Eice -8 -o.n4 -0.320 + 16.8
2 +lo
Vs= o.7 +o.492 +o.4) -14,7
: _ o'7 _0.4)
-o +2t.3
1

-0.330
,B
( +12 +.616 +0.480 -22.1
6 -12 -0.381 -0.480 +25.9
5
4
6.E6
3
2 + 10v
ssume
=t
0 5\
t
cuttoff (
Notice for v, < 0.5 v he transistor is essentially
cutoff : Then at saturaion, a$ y, increases, both
vE & rc increases linearly.
This occurs as 36 : o.7 &V 6 : o.1 V in
saturation. Vs : Vqg I.R6
6.E5 =10-0.5x10=5V
(a) Using the exponenial characerisic : V 95: V '' ln |7/ cl
5 mV : 25 m ln [lcx/ c.f
ia=t".e"''_r
'. i. Vb.'V
_| cz = c e5'25
lln: ="
= 0.5 x 1.22 = 0.61 m
(b) Using small-signa approximaion : vcz = l0 - o.6t x 10 = 3.98 v

,,' : (0.6| 0.5)l0 _ _22o /
_
i- = 8-V.: +.v".
v 705 7) mv

11u..
it v"
c = V' Av : c- R. = _.r'
y
See table bolow
For signals at t 5 mY the error introduced by the
_ -.'0.5 X 0 : _2 /
0.025
small-signai approximatio is 10 %
The eror increases to aboe 20% for signals a
647
t lO mV
. 0.6 m
8"=
i: v = A / 0.025
24

fior
(mv) Exan. smal '"=*":ff:s
+l +0.041
signa.
+.()4o
:6ft: ffi-ar.
-l -0.03P -0.040 +2 ,_:
25
:2'4rn^/
+2 +o_83 +_8 4

-o.o77
_.o8o +4 '":*:ff=so
+5 +o.221 +0.2) -9.5 ,' : -!!- = j:al;
+l l2l
-5 _ . l8l _o.2) + lo.3
 Chapter 6_32

6.88 V.1r1 :1-4.1r.,,,r,

= /c= lm :40m/V ic\\: c+ gnb"()
"^ v 0.025 v -
,-: L:]:
" 8- 40 z.s = lc + #"l|

= 1 + 0.2 sin <o (m)

, = 'o :2'5:24;5 ibt): ic()/p
' +l l01
()
A : _8.Rc = 2.5 + 2.5 sin

0r, : - g^ Rst, 6-92

= 40 X 5 k(5 mv) V66 = +3V

= 1000 mV = -1V
6J9
For8.= 25m/v,r,:30
.: f,=,:(),-"
," : -- : g-r,:75
8-
76 .25
''' .'75
= . 0.025 = 0.6.] m To stay linear

v+;b"=vc ad
6.90
Vg : Vg_ .R6
For nominal 8.= 60 m /v
Also
j!
since ...=
''- v
_t 20 %
,cu = _r.nr: 'e,!'
l

g.= (72
48 < rA / ) Fo Nomin :

50==150
50<.:=l50
(vcc_ cRc'-ff ',: V V,

'12 " s- 48
694 = r, < 3.|25 k - -'-'
r-- l *t'.1 = u-^_ v rr- fu"
t' v,J
6.91
cc: !ss_J--
+3V 1 + vb"/ v

an lu : !s-!!
+ vb.
5 0.3 - y/,.

l+vh"/v
4.7 ' .05
. . 0.05
0.025

= 3.9 v
c:(Vcc_V6)R6:1mA : , p': cRc_ ]'9
cRc:vcc-Vc=3v_lv=2 v 0.025

, lrR _ 2 = 156.5 V/V.

1 Vc: Vcc_cRL:5_ 3.9:1.1 v
o25
v : _80 v/ \v o|
: 1"1to. : 156.5 X 5 mv
"'
= 782.5 mV
= 80X .5 = 4v
 Chapter 6_33

6.93

b c d t s

. .990 0.98 I 0.8 0. 0.841

0 0.99 i"

l 5 l0 9 16

c l. .89 l. l. 0.48 4.5

(n)
17.5
49.5
E
I l. l.0 Lm 1-0 0.25 5 r8.6
(m)

B 0.0t0 0.02 0 -02 0.5 t.t0

, : -Q : z.lzv
T 0.025
(m)

(m,/
40 39.6 40 0.l 180 7
=
s:s
v) =
c. s++9.s
r.() 25 15 24.5 25 l0 5 1.14

r" () m 2'5 1.255 t0.l k 111 6.95

50
'

6.94

c
t g-V
vb.
5k
I 2OVb,

'8.V,
For very high
,clE=0.5m
20 Vh"
/c o.5
:20m/V
'=
'- = 0.025
tn
vb,
vc:5-8.2x0.5:0.9V
I
49.5 Note:Y. : -Yt
E Then V. : _ 8^ Rc V"
vc: -2o( ''v|a2
...k:*r,
vl
 chaper 6_34

6.96 6.9E

s.:50
=
R.
3k

lvp-p

Apply
then u, : Y,
i, : ib+ ic

8,= 50m/v ' = (ih + ic)r,

:l
."s-50
= . =]!! = 2
io: ^Rcf
.i,-:-uo: -l rv,
8-Rc 5o3
= 6.7 mv (P)

, _ i"
'__ 6'1 m
z
= 3.35 ( P)

6.97

.'.r::,,
(or)
. : pih + ib

= ( + 1)i,

= ( + l ).1l

to
1:xt:
,. +l
oo :or: (-)," R"
"

_Rc
_
 chater 6_35

6.99

"

Neglecing r.

R,":
&"
- i.(r. R)
+
i,/(9+l)
,':\:25mv_50
' F 0.5 m
= ( + 1)(r. + RE)
9 : _ i" Ru Rr, = r.:50
v,, : -0.99 ,.( Rc ll Rr)
' r. R, -',) . u,t
= -6.99(
^ R.
...--:=---------:-
R,,
b" t" + R 0.995 : +99/
",:
v.
+
050
_ , g- Rc
'R
^" , ;.l + R1r"= I + g^Ru
6.101
6.100 Refer o Fig 5. l l 66
:2-+=0.995
g- :0.995 X 10m = 9.95 m
Vc : 9.95 mv 1 : 0.995 v
i" = J!-! : o.05 m
" 2)
V: |-5' 10 ko X 0.05 mA

9yrc= + 0.5
J Acie region

& ',^
lk .B
g^V"
+ 5 l?c
okU.
4 Vi l)

t
R
 Chapter 6-36

,_ < 6.03
s": |t: ;:
o
o'4^/
yc = l v

'":u*:ffi=s
R,o: r,:5)
Rl, = l0 r,: 476
k1|

,,,*, R,,, R'.

+ R,,
- _.'
-r,4 0._]2

also:
o : _9.6"'R
: _
8. Rc o.32 'is DC alysis:
: _0.4 X 100 X 0.32 ,"
(l)/" : 3 -07
: _ 12'8 "i, "l
/s : 0.023 m
=n^in:
_l2.8 - _l_'] ! sauraion begins to occur when yc s v
",,r,v 0.7

f z, : +6.4 1-
l0 0'7 : l_I-
". '3=
^
s: 1,_ : /r-+= JJ_:
;,^

fr =.10mv 135

;b,: o.32x30m = 9.8m 9:25:

v. V, : 25 l-]
6.102 (+l)/, 26o.o23 X 10
1

r":41.8
25/26 ^^ mA
o'' ,, 4.8 -'
6.104

vr= vo=f,:
^
t.r"

bt./':
v, = v,
'' -j
c V' 8.
^

y( v 6__ r,||R.1'o
u Rr' * n. ; ^'
' : 25 =! : l y
itV
^vrv - .99 (2? ll 0 )
x f z s.to,
(27 l0 ) + l 27
||
ifV, :
"vrv 250 =9: _l.0 y = 38.9-39V/V
The amplifier dips \hen he peak ouput signal
exceeds the difference bet\i/en v,. (_5.4 v) and
the negaive spply (_ t v)i see Fig. 5.56.
hat is when he peak output signal is 4.6 v
This coesponds to a peak inpu signal of
.i-:=tl.nv
't9
 chaper 6_37

6.105

t *jf "'*'
=
?' t=
50 xtk: zol
=5+50 ^n^
v

v.(max) : - 5+ J.R.* /t&O.OI

v
@*- 0.4: -5+cRc(|+o.4)
-+!-R-:.:.v
1,4

c- = 0.5 m
.'. Rc : 3.86/o.5 : 7.? k

A=:+20cRc
R'' : r,ll R6
,s
=20x3.8
= 17.2 /
= 75
r: : (.33 m) 6.107
Refer to Fig P 6.l07 Fo' large he Dc base cur-
n": l0 0'7: zg enl will be -0 Thus tbe Dc vottage at the base
' o.t3 ca b found directIy Using lhe oltage_divide
n:2-8 rue

Rc: 14 k tz":5. | V
" l00+ = 2..5

Vo-Rc=_!1-=1g77 i:.V"u: o.7

Vt r" 0.075
V:2'5_0.7:l.8v
6.ll J1-: '8v:.5mA
' ].6 k

R,n : Rr|| r, - ,
v-
r ::J:50
' Vo' R
, 0.025 v V1 Rt*, r"
" 5
lso:
= 0.5 m
. _vE o.7 .
'
! 7'i

' 0.5 ',*R,_ r,*Rr

= 8.6 kO ad' o2 : i".R.
(r" || R, : 50 ) _ Rc
= r.+ RE
 chaper 6_38

Thus,
6-t09
'toz _ _ Rc
i R+ r.

subsituin r- : v-
-_ :50 + +
F

and R : 3.6 k,Rc : 9.3 k

R"
and=lgies
rtol : 3.6
.986V/V
z; 0.050 + 3.6 Gie: R, = l K L=2k& R,=lk
oz: _3.3 : _o.4v/v
Find : R,., A,o, Rl

v1 0.050 + 3.6 a) |v,(e)| > .9|u5(r)|

lfthe node labeled ?o2 is connected to ground: 9.,.. = -J4- ,.111

R/+ Rl "
R:0
uz : _Rc |#'-'"'|=o'9|(r)|
R, - 0.9
Rl + Rs
6.106

J) 1'oQ) : '.
R. _\ i,, (t) nr *_Lr ",1
ll +
: -!!_
io,1 7u" o'1,,
R111,,(t) R; +Ro

|,o1r1| > .1"r1r11

: : R," {l9 R,'

(a') c": ,,(t)lsQ) & l k ' Rl, 1 kf)
R| Ro
R'L + Ro
y,, = l,
R":1kf,rR,:1k lo3)(2 1or)
--&41-
(
R no = =
, 1) : -------.jj1- l,"|al
f,, + Rs "" 9R. 10R - 9(2 X lo])_ 1o(l lr)
:25
,o(r) : R,
vo Uy',) c)Taking he limiting values for R,, & R,,
l
o"(R,3)k+)
'o:
=
[ta)^-(t')""l A"(- 9oo t3 \r 2Xl1 \

Gv : : (r+.;#+) x t'/\zs+2x lor/

\9 XI0]+ tff)
/ o(t) S..)
Aun :12.5

"' (F+; : 1 lo3

1)l3+10Xlo] ).
6.110
stat wih the volage sorce model

( l) : 2.64
(b) Current gain = iot) / iskt
i6(t\: ,,(t\/R1
i.(r) : vs(r)/(R,I + RJ)
cuen gain

= (4t&#)= (^,,uj*,)o.
This model con be transformed into a cue gen-
x eraor model since the outp defendent source
_ l x lo'r- l0 l0'132.6+1
can be hough otas an independent source. t has
t0' no interaction with he input . Ths he equialen
= s09-9 CKT is
 Chapter 6-39

Connecting the load

clearly "/R., can define '

i.e.' = JR,
c can be though or as he short circit
oo: l;k,Guo
:
sis+ Gv = olli
transconductance
iy : g^V'+ G.: (i55/ '\
=
t* uL.,,o""

+
) i..
6.112

R: 0
+
R,
lacig he model into the circuit I *). l a, RL

+
& and R are in Parallel. lso do a source rans-
formaion

,o : (Ro ll R/1G.i : (Rol| R)G.*;*"

Gu = o/r,": (Ro|| O., O.*r*&; combie R/and R. |i R. and do anothe source
trasformation
6.111

R +(irllR.)
+ +

The dependen current source is equivalent to a

fesistr
ft; : Rin

: Rtn ,, : R' ,,. +

''
,,.
Rs,r'"' f,i + R,i'"8 R, +(r llR,
R," +
)" Rl
(n,llR,
n'||n s
sefting R. J and substitution for v, s,,

R,o: i/i1= (R/+tR,|| R.)]

", ffi||
consider he form

: o"" "'+ 1 7.1

''' ' --3B- _R1+o
lu
11
Gu
^/+R
''- : R' or,^
= J^/
R, + R,,* "
 chapter 0

This figure belongs to 6.1 l3

l0 k
+ +

,sic lok ,"

6.113
Rr+R:ll Rll l0 k' = 50 V' = l00, /,. = .5 .o
R : R,'"ll +S-(Rr+
R,. = V^

Ll R,)l n l. o.5xll-20x1,s
The circuit fo,. is v - 025
R
,^:V^:
" l^ = !k
+ + 5 x l0-'
Rt *) c.,, Rz 0o .-_-- = ,,_5.lor
8. 2 X l
R, = R.ll r, = (10X to'11 tx to')
: 9.09 k
T * t^''*
L' R'n:7.:5Y16r
The circui is no (see figue aboe)

[i. i],.: (i- -)., A,, : oo : -c.(io ll R.)

: :
Auo = / v'
#',* (2o o_''Xq.oq x to'11 lo x lo31

The cicui for A": -95.23

R _ ol _ R,"
".'a n', + R*
+
,' _ (5 s.x lor -)_ss.zl = 1l'74
<-- !0'+ l \ '/
''u'"
R2 R = R, !

max signal l,1, is

for values given .^* !]q] - 5l 157.5 uV

R":99.90' A*' = _9.9989,R.: l0 lc,l 31.74

The dependence on & is

6.11,4
R;": 0O
llrn.+ l' uation 6.79:
lI Rlr + .2l Y 0"
..,1 : o
R.ll R. ll .,
f.,* * ."
Avo='.(##) lF ro'-> ' then R. || R. r, + " n.
|| I
f decreases the gain becomes sensiive o R/ t-et R' : Rc R.
f R, -+ : 1, : l0
1|
R,"
lc.,] =
f
wih R, ' R', + ro
_ _ Rl . _ _--:-::-:1
R^jt; ',
cro -99.9 9.99991 R'
lc.,l =
!o*!
= _ 4.997 /
\ihout R/ Bt rJ : ll8^
|
'' : !**lr
c.,^:( R'
'" l + l(n,/)_lo,= 5 tc,,l

c^
R.' = l0 k' R" = l0 k: : l;
 chaper 1

g.= JV" so
104
RL
lc..l: Joo- * o.ozs
R.in,7
".. Ic
1c G, nm:3.25 nor : 83.33

u) 16.l = l0' = 80 ,i 6.1r5

to4 + 0.025 From Equion 6.79, of the Text, we hae:
l lo3 lol : # : u'*'ul;;^+'J|"
b) f ranges from 50 J l50
For9:59' ,o: jv,
= --loi = 44'44 /
(R.ll R,)ll
|Gv|
-
1- + .025
tc
50 o3
R., , r"
Fo=159,

|Gv|
: _--o4- : l09. VlV r" _ l * V
0-
150
+ 0.025
r
s. c
1
what is range if G? s :
(R.ll R,)ll :c
c) |GJ < 96 hus. lG,,l
at IGS = 64 ' !' * V'
: 64+ :
9 c
'oo 76'19
R. ll i. : 10 , R.', : lO ko, V, : V,
l"' + 0.025
25

to-' and Vr : 0.025 V

t|G): 96: ( ror) ll 25l/.
|Uvl
-q
!0" + 0.025 1 c
to 3
25 |o6c
d) Suppose the nominal G, is C,- .and f. is (1o4c + 25)(|04 c + 2.5)
-

afiable
: 5o+ Gv : 0.8 Gy "o. 1" (re0 IGJ
= 150+Gv: l-2cv ""^ 0. 27 -47

Then o.2 4t-15

,
too = 0.8 Gr-"". 0.5 55.56
t0' + 0.025
50 c l-o 57,14

|.25 55.55
r'o' :12Gy
l0" + 0.25 ".^
150 Ic The alues ofrc that result in |G,l= 50 ae :
1 X 0.925 n and 0.324 m.
Take atio
The 0.324 m woud be prefeed since a lover
104
+ 0.025 power is required.
l59 1c _
-r. = 0.125m
l0'+ 0.025 t z 6.t16
50 c a)
 chaper 642

b) votage tranfer from sig to nrst stage inp R1, : (l00 + 1)(49.5 + l50) : 2o15o (
fz
,'/U'i:
'
A.'^: _i _r'R-
' =
|
r"+R R^
'r"*R.
Given l _ 0.25 m: - |00: V^ -+ :
: -(o.99Xl0X :
vo l3)i (49.5 + l50)
R. : l0 kf}; R, = l0 k
49.62

y r.:L:Pv,
norr model becomes
s-:!. 8- c
..: | : ok +
:;1o.ol5)
0.25 x I0

'll
. I0 k
!g l0 k + | k
c\ 1 : i2/i1 : c-(R., ll ,.:) R,
Since r. : r", : r-, & R. : : R,, : k : --------!-_ A''^ ]
ft,., 1]^
" R, t R,,,,, '"
A''' : !,, ,
'' v' '
1l
"
R
R, + R,,,,, ',"Rr" + R",, ''.
R,,

_ _o.25 } l'15 k) : -50 Gy : 6/ "i"

0-25
: _ l0 k 1-4q62) ,2o150
d) r2 6/ 12 = g. x (R., || Rr)
l k + l0 k ' '20150 l l)0 ()

- t., p, Q'2J_!L^ '15 1 : 16.582

v' ''"li ''; = 0.25
^^..
: -50 6.1l8
! z o
e) Gy : lo / .,"_ =
Usig" i3 ' 7lz +
: (0'5)(-5)(_50) : Gv : l25o
1,siB

6.117

Ro R,, : ( + 1) (r. + R")

R":(+l)(r.+R.)

R'o R,,,,: R, Ri" : ( + , r( - multiply both sides

^")
i": i/"+ R") by /c and rearang :

- ( + l)R"1c + l?i"/6 : ( + 1)V7

i',: i"_i,: (l -)r. : 11
' - x11-J-
'r.+ R" Given = 1;R.:20k;4=0.025v
Equaion becomes
l)
+ l0+
0.99 _ 101 R.r. + 12 l) : (l01X0.025) = 2.525
1
()
i.= 1 l Our unknowns are 1,. & R. This is one equation.
" (+l)r.+R" i, : o/ ro + g^. = (1 / r" + 8)1h
Rin : i/ ib : ( + l)(r. + R")
: (|.')'""
=:-!=
v- v^: v- -----L ---1
" F lr/ c
:(l*r)is,-
: 1o.1[__!'0?-)
\5 l0 '/
: as.s \ 1V
 Chapter 3

: :0.8G,,"-
*,o
- R"i. + "+ R.,'5
'rn
_ (5OX1O4) , : o.8Gy
: *.(i- l)",t".*!*b'. 1o4 +
3+R")
(5)(0.025/1.2X 10
noa

at: 150 c,: \-2Gno."

_
U'g_ v",*
|'']*.,.- ff,. lor+(15txo.25,/1.ol o 3+R.)
l.2Gv-ofr

o-l . .5 = -]- * .-.!! 'l . These to equaions can be solv simulta-

L] l ]
] L 0.25 ] neousy for R. & G,, om
(50oo)(5 X o l) /_ R,: 179.3
R ,_ + G,
( l)(0.025) nom = -30'62s
o.005 : 0.202 R./. + 10 ,. ( B)
Equations and B can be soled simultaneosly 6.20
1.= l.25 m R" : r. by equation 6.90

R.16 : 0.064 t.: iv-

::+ R. : 0.22264 / L25 x lO 3

R,.
v.
:178.11
nloo!" 1;%:25Xlo3v
Vr as|e

1:25xto-3
6/ . : _Rg- : R. F
v
+ g21opA- g if -1
- (5 X lo1)rl.25 X l J) = - zs
\ 0.025 ) Gu _ ;J!:_-(
*i + /.
R. || R) (uaion 6.94)

c,, _ ( _25orfsx ro-1) _ D5

\ 0.! ) ',
=R.'z+r" '' n'l
V'n^|| ''
6.119
Using uation 6.88
= (i#T#)to l r l
|",] _
R. c: 25
;J (-_(.;J
V, 6,121
' : The small signal model is as follows

|Uvl R"" + ( + f,.

lvJl/. + RJ
Ri. : l0k;R.: 10k ; : I;
% : 0.025 v;

o__-L_]!Q=.sq
+l |0l
t: l: 1.01 X 10 r
f &=0
lcrl :
o X lo] + (1ol)to.o25l(1.0 X 1 1)]
if : l then thre'lill be no l'6, (i.e.. i1= 0)
Sppose |G,| has a nominal alue G, nu- and f & is large
0.8 G, no. corresponds to : 50. ,et R b a
variabl (note hat = 0.98): v, : _if. : R" j,o

RR.
3)
Rsis + ( + to.025 / (l.o2x lo + R.]
 chapter 4

6-122 (Gv : b(r) / r,.l())

' (\
||= 0.5
+
-:
G 0.499
R,, : -
1. Volt
IV.,*|,",

6.ta
/. : lm; : 1; R,,s : 20 k;
R,: l0
= * l.
l.''l =]!!', .omA
|

,-Vt- 0.025 2A.1s2O

b"0) : r"i"
' l' l.lXlo l -
'i"( Rcl| R.) Ri, = ( + 1Xr" + R) : (l0l)(24.752 + 1)
?o(r) =
= 103.5 k
'.
oh,l): n0\
( RJ R From uation 6.99 v,,e hae:

( + l)R
)

l, :
(l",ll 6/ .4 : Gu =
(+l)R+(+l)r.+R'|g
( l01 )( 100) :0
:_ij'|"o'
8178
{ R^ll R.t (1o1)(10o) + (lo|)(24.'52) + 20 X 10r

suppose -l
lr,ll: (s*#@(ozs"'.Xlox lo
])
+
(l -) i.
: 0.5 v

/siB
|b(.)|

G| - o(\ / 'iP'| :
R.I R,_ R.II R,
E+ +i"
" ;; " nfir., l.
R ,,

c, _ l-!Ll-!!ll since= t
l k + 0.025 ,/ l0
= 4.88 V/V
cv i7(\ : p, : G=V''
lu.rs(,)l = luo(r)l / n111t
' l
|.1.(l)!
: 0.5/4.88 : 0.025 V vb"0) : r"i"(t) : (r"/ RL'GV v,is!)
1'b"() / "iE1) = Q"/ R)Gy
6.t23
: (0.s v) = (24.152 / |n\.8l78) : 0.o2o24
lz6(r)1,",
b(' : l]oQ) + ,.(1)
J/o()|.,,--:-
l,"(,.,. _
o.5
_:1: = 250 h0)/.is1) = cu + Q,/ R)Gy : (l + r"/ R)Gv

,' _ lul,(l)l.". _ 5Xlo _ 20!!

bQ) / ,i0) = (l + 24.752l 1nX0.8l78)

|ic(t)].,, 250 A = .83856

b) b,Q) /."is) : o.o2o24
,' _ J --:V _ o'25 '' ,'r^o
F ' ,. 20 =e 1v*rc(r)1,,"

l,.(,)l'- : IE+ |rc(,)|nai = l.5 m = |o,()|-"' / 0'02o2A

l,r(r)1.- : 1E- lic(,)|,,, : rmA

]r,,.(l)l.., : l0 X lo-]/o.2o24: o.4g4v o\,J

Suppose = l, from Equation 6.99 we hae:

1""(t)1.,,
: G,lv.'*(r)1.* : (0.494)(0.8178)
(+ l)R
6'." = = 0.404 V
+ l ) R. + + l )r. + R.|s
:
(
c) f R, is remoed 0, therefore'
( l01)(2 X 13) : o.499 2 : l',,Thus
( l0l )(2 lo3) + ( lol )(2o) + 2oo X lor G-: 1,.
Now for Roo,
 chaper 6-45

fo = 1x11 :50 :
c! : 0.8341 G, : 0.7727 G,,: O.8s
'5o
R-, = l.0l Rou,:298.0 Ro,t = 166.0

1 _ )(r) i 6,|?
From poblem 6.l23

R-,= r.*fr*.n
we have tw cases:
l) Rou, = 2 l ;R.'. : k
,, 10

- ()
26141 = ,' 1-J- 16n
+ |
c\ )
2) R = 3 R,1. : 20 k
.|'=-'() .(') J\ _ '()
]0 = .- + -L2 x la)
f, f, ' +l
Ur(r) : _ i.( r)( l )R,is Now subract uation l from 2

i"(,) =
_
(')(l - )R.ig ',(') . lrn:r\ +l l,,)la==99
r.
r,i"('): i.( _ )Rsig _ ,,(r) using 1 or 2:
_' r.= l
i (l: From Equation 6.99:
r. + ( )Rti (+1)R.
substituing into Ro expression
cv: (+l)Rr+(+l)r"+R.ig
l?oo, _
= r" * (1 ) R"1, : ." + (t)(l3)
,|n,,, (loo)(to]) + ()1 + 3 X l03
+ 20
x fi3 :
= 24.i52
l0l - v/v
222.172 .743

6.127 Pa a) Nodal uations:

no\

222 .172 Rrg

Pat a)

^ll/''-(\ = ln lffi
fr-ffi_ .v.+!-!!:1
=0.8178
+ 222-172
This agres with G,,
" _-'
g^. + + !!Rc: o
6.18
1.=0.25m; R,1*=10k; :1k;
+,+ lJo_ "iP : o
R1 7lo
: 0'025 ra R,
(+l)R.
Gv: ( + 1) R. + ( + 1).. + Rsig
Soling:
"(t) (g,r"r" - R)Rs
V'= V. U"i(')
=
(r"Rg* R6r.t roto+ q-Rrorn + RcR
(p + l'c + REro + roRB + RERC + Rir)
(+l)R ,() R(8^r.r"+ Re+ r.)
6.,' = (+1)RL+9v/c+RsiP =
(r.R(+ Rrn+ roro g^R6ror. * RRg
u.ie(r)
From problem 6. I 23 * Rrr" * r"R" + RrRc + RrRr)
Rou: r" + Rsi./( + t)
_ + R"tr ' : lv nl

(+l)1c +l
 chaper 6_46

art b) Nodal equations: + Y,F : 0.703 V

RuBc or simply

+
0.69 x 0.98 < vr, : 0.69V < 0.69 x 1.02

0.676v < v B< 0'703

R. (V _ V : V7ln|62/l1]
"r,
: "r,)
R"
(l) 0.703 0.676 = 271n |c1/ c|l

k : ''' : 2'94
c, "''
Js2-:"t.'"t:y.6g
. !'i a ! ',, + |- lt =g
lm
RF R"t r. ""' ' r"
JL:"''^,''
1m
n.s1
g-u"+'_'+!:o
tn c .57m < /c < l.68 m

51o, , _ o V, : Vr, rRg

r R, 3_2X l.68<.:3-2x!, <
Solutions
3_2xo.5'
v"() _ R(g.r.r"+ Rs+ r)
V.,e(r) (rnRc + Rrn * r,,r, g^Rrr,'ro t RrR" 0.36V<Yc: I < 1.86V
Bias is very sensitie o een srnall change in R's.
+ Rrn + r,,RB + RrRc + RRr)
v"( _ (R6+r.)(Ru+r") 6.129
y"i(,) (r.Rr+ Rur"} rorn! g.R5ror. RgRl
+ RFr,, + r,'RB + RFR. + RRs) +3 V

6.lu
+3
230 k

For : 169

r,": L: o.or.n

y"": R"xl :0.69v 'o'7

R" = cc
V
= 230 k
" R' t Rg
{:21 :l.rs V : V6g'I6Rg
Rz :
.: 3 - 1 x 2 lV
0.69 Vc
Rage :
For:59
RrrX.99 _ 0.683 c = Bx 50:0.5m
Rsr X l.0l 2.33 yc:3 .5x2: +2
'z V : o.616 For : 156
"'
R,,X 1.l .697 c : 8x : l.5m 150
Rs X 0.99 2.29
Vc:3-1.5x2:0<0.3
.'. saturation
circuit too sensitive to
 chapte. 7

Vc:9_ 5.1 X 0.65 X /91 = 5.9v

+9V [Check V, : Vs_ R X rl91 : 3.83 v]

6.131
For 1r: o, lE:0.6m
= oo,

*": ,3,V
' O.6 :5k: R"
m
Vb:0.1 +3:3-7
R'' 9_3.7:|0.6: l7-7k
F/2 .6m
9 _ (R' { : t8
' t,ll-+n'
''2 ' , - n, = l2.3 k

6.130 sitable 5%. Resisors: R : t7.4 k)

R2 : l2.1 k
+9 V
:90:
R, = (l7.4K}ll 12.l K)' : l7'4 (l2'l ) : 1'137
295
y"- _ 9( t2.l K) v
'" =
1.7
12' K + 7.4
3.7 0.7 _3 .6 m
.-, 113'1 5K+78.4
(90 + 1)

6-132

5in"" JQ 4 ! u." 1n*

I l50
13

For=-'7,: (a) For /E : l0 %- Find lowes R /R,

V": Vu*O.1 Vo_V" Vuu_ou
R+ R/5l -n.g R+ R/ |o|
r-l.:.6.n ".R
+ RB/ l0l > 0.9 (R + R' / 51)

r,,: {f;: o..l o.lR > R,[ _ 1]

9-3.1 : 88.3 k Rs 0.1 x 51 x 101 ,r.,
0.06
...
RE= .9 _ 51
3.7 : 61.7 k (b) : Vcc/3:9/3:3
ForIERE
o.06
useRt:82k,R2 = k
vBB-o.'l ,o _vrc
68
R.+frl(+ D ^'_-
owVrr:2:-9q:ov
..u"":+ [r
.fto]].0.2
n,, = *E :372k (c)Forycc _ 5 V and/ : 0.5mA
3V
= 5 k use 5.l k y"": +]2Jl .z : z.ss v
0.6 m " 3L l0ll
+

For: Then
B o'7
'=i;--o/fu_0615mA
, 3.39 R' ,5=2.58
Rr+R2
+|
V: 0.615 m 5.1 : 3.l4 V . R, :na,
"RaRr
va: vr+ 0.7= 3.84V rR, : V r,/ 3: 5/3RE : 3.3 k
 chaper 8

R : 'l2.9 x R, : 43 1g1
1.: 3_0'7 :
- 1.6+3l/91
o.58m
R'R' : :
i
"._R+R,
4} k 2.52 x R. c = x 90/9l : 0.57 m

R| : 82.7 k,R = 89.6 k V.: -3+0.58x3.1 = -0.93V

vB: v+ 0.7 : _0.23V
6.133 Vc:3-0.57x3: +1.29V
+ Vcc
6-134

+-'l v

_ V

(a)
-.1v
For Ycc : +3V.Vr, = 3V
For: R,:0
': o' v": o'v': _o.7
.'. %:0v
v' : _0'7
- = V- Vu : 1.15y R-' = 3 0'7
'2 0.5
= 4.6k

*.:' : 3.08k Vr: Vr+ts+ ts

:}''
= Vu+ l5 + g.R.05
R_:1_0'7:
" ].8]k
0.6
:y.+y(*k&1
' -L
(b) For = ' |v,| =
1- jJ vrJ
- y, + 0.4 + 1.0 v
u: 5/(+l\ Since zu and z, are in phase selec : +0.7
= 0.6 / 9l= 0.66 mA [want to maximize ,1

-:V":0.23 = 34.8 kc) n-

'
: 3-:!! = 'a
" l" 0.0066 m 0.5
For l0c Temp. rise:
cec l"r" X lo - /.R. " In.l by 2 X l0o :
t " -n": r0 ".1
,|' drops 2 mv

(c) Select 5% R's ' .i... bu' Q2j

1.
l
= 0.04.1 m
Rc : 3.ok,R = 3.6k,Rs : 33 k
qJ ch^1e = 9l x t : .oE"
:
(d) For ' .5
/,:0.v,:0Yvr,: 0.7v For = 59 ro 1ro

Vc : Vcc' !,R6 : Vr, _ ,o 1. unchanged bu 1. = 1, while

() " o.98<=0.993
: v
1.08 change - 1.jin ,'
c __ (3 o.7) / 3.6 : 0.64 m .'. Toal change in 1. : 8.6 + 1.3
For = 96 = 9.9%
 Cbapter 9

6.135 (a) : 1.5

Rc
+3V
:b
=f": *
R.:495
r.5:R,,+0.7
R":
+# = 24k{
(b) standad 5% alues
R,:24
Rc = 495+5l0
then_ . = 3 - ..
o='!
= 2.97 mA
sto + 1j
For: 1
(Max gain not asked) - : = 2.93 mA
setyc<ycc_ :3-2.g7ro^x510 = 1.48V

: s:,vr:0.7v
Vc=VB+ \
c,
select y,. : 1.7 v o keep /, > 0
3 - 1.7 c :, '' _ 3-0.7:4.5mA
^ sto
'c J
v. = m X 510 : 0.7 V
: 2.6 k use 2.7 k
3_4.5

IB = E/(p + 1) : 0'5/101 :5
(d)

+3V
D _vC_o.7 = lV :2k
' 5A 5A
For:5 {r+zl"
v -- o,7
- 2.3 _ - -v._ |.5
'F .+ ,71.,' 11 2;7 + 2/51
: c=3mA
ml
o.:
Vc: Vcc_ rRr:3_2'1 x o'34'' =90
: 2.06 V
For = ; y. signal swig
1.0VeYcJl.0V
For : 50 ; y. signal s'ing
2.06 1.0 <-Vc)3 - 2.06
-
1.06ve Y. r 0.94v clipped-

6.!36

+3 ' _
.8 = b: l:..q.

9
,= E
Rc
aod " = L 1.5_2uRrl+.7
J Rrl = 12.1 k
o.'] : x Rz
Vc= |.5 ) Rx : 2|.2 kd|
OnR6:
RB l5 : 3.066 mA
/c + 21a
=9 o_= l.5V : +89
l-66 mA
 Chapter 6-50

standard 5% valre:
: cc. __!L _ _J1, || Rr\ l vBL + RL
R31 l2.l k J 12 k " R| +R, +l"',' '
Ru:. : 21.2 k + 2 k
Rc:489.2+48k
r,
#l_ v",

Re-ealuaeif: : ^_ , R, ll R,)
ln=O + l
Thus,

+3 o.I YccR: - r".1

rv-I.lz LRr + R2 "'J
v-=4m
,, Rl|-l Rr--
@lzx:srl "
(
4to
480 ^. + l
= o.42
__ -@ o.z + o.z
= l.12 6.139

0.7

0.1 (+0.5 v)
uo +1.0v
= 35
(- r.0 v)
6-137
-0.5 v

( 3.5 V)
1. v
2.0 V (1.5 V)

-5V
The consrains imposed canno be met
%, <
0.7 V for 0r active.
change v^, o 1.5 v the.
Y,, :
-3.5 v
V,a:Vn+ 2.5 : - 1.0V
, _ lc _
,, -L ma !:, +1.5: +0.5 v
+l 101 For: :

- Vcc V R,: l.5v/0.I m: 15k

"" - " V.: : -2.8
3.5 + 0.7 V
= (1.s Vl _ 2.8 _ Rl
101 0.7) 1r"n
: 80.8 k v r, 2.2 R)
%, :0(1,, :)
6.138 '' : _o.7
v,1 : v + l.5 : +0.8 V
R-'
"
: Js- . azk
-''tl 0.I m
,F For 1. ( : 50) \rithin 57o 1., ( : )
', R, {,, For:50
"",*'' RF
/-: ______-
' Rr*(R J| Rr)/5l
:
1.5
R
 chapter 6_5

""6
Rl lRz- 5 *-
5 1'
... Rl || i,
=
5lR/2 : 38.25 k
.*,*? : t+Rt/R2 Rl : R' < 38.25 k}
Rr+i2 | +28/22
.'. R1 < 86.9 k use 82 k
R, < 68.3 k Se 68 k
Rr 11 Ru = 37 k < 38.25 k
For : o and 5% values

y".: 5XR' : _2.13

" R' R'
v.: 2'21 + 0.7 = .57 v
: '!.51l '!5 : 0.1046 m
Fo:596","..'n"o
227 -o1 :
" = 37/51 +15 0.0998
1., mA

1o : 0.98 x /. : 0.8 m
1., : 0.98 1- : 0.096 m
For=o
'| : Jso v. _ o'7 _
x : V
'' 0'1
v*. = O.O99 15 1.47 Rr+R,
Vo: _5 + y. _3.53 : v v'' : 1R,+ o'7 + o.7
Fo V.o : 2.5 y V^: ' R'+ o.1 : "R1
v^ : v-: V-+ v.'' : _1.g3 V..:
V", : V,, + 0.7 : -0.33 V /, R, + 0.7 + .R3

R = Vs, a
, _ __;,-
vcc-o.7-o,7
lc
- tz-l.z k use l80k
"
For:56 (ycs _ :4)R|
/., : 0.096 m
:'Vcc
" R,+R,
+ o.7 + .Rt

y", = _9Q x t : .]5 v For l?t = R, , 1., is independent of y8

v,,
)(,
: v",- 0.7 : - 1.05 v ...r, 'i.
: ^- 0.7 +o"1 + .R
y.r:5 _ 0.96 x 43:0.872v
, : l.9 v : Vcc
+ ^
For: 1 " 2R"
.' l'57 :0.l02m For identica yd
" = 37/101 +l5 To make /t = /a
: 0.99 x 0.99 x :
/.,
v.1 : 0.1 '.
0.10 mA ,, 2Vs _ Vcc
'cc 2R,
_' : _ 9J! x to :
y",
ll
0.878 v
.'.R, = R' = =(l zv g)t

: \ vce I
v,, = v,,- 0.7 -0.878 v
v,", : o.'7 + 0.878 1.578 V : ForV..:10V,: l,1, = 0.5 m
For:2 l " =o.5: cc: lo
I.': '57 : o|o]mA
2R, 2R,
" 37/201 t5 +Rr: 161
: 0.995 X .995 / : 0.102 m
,'
Y.,: 0.615 v R, _ R.: lo _ 2 0'7]_.tl
l
y", : -Q]!? x tg = 0.9l
l

"' 201 minimum voltage a c.

V,' = V"'' 0.7 = _.79 v v> oR + o.3
y.' : .45 v > 5.1
 chate 6_52

6-141 Thus we can negect r,,

+5V
/,.: .99 X l.68 m /:
R'" : (R, ll Rr)|r" = l.l8k
Ro : ,o1l Rc - l.32 k

?;: ^f"'"oli Rc ll R')

R" : L]! x z ,. -zg

" .]. !8
: -35.4VlV

Rs
For1.:1n4
.50.?
.R
+r:5_0'7 "
-+.:
(assuming : l)
v,: +o.1
-'. highes yc : yE 0.3:0.4v 6.1,3

6-142
+t5v
+15V
it Rc

5V Is \ 4.3 V
R2: R
22k
0.2 m 2mA
0v
For : 100' G, : _40 v/v
: 2 nA' . = o.2 mA
: t00 %:vJ3=sv
v: vs _ o'7 : 4.3
R, R: : 9.64 k R.' = 4'3 = 2.l5k Use2.Ok
ll 2mA

V,, :
t5 R, : 5.36v n': 5V :25k use24k
Rr +R2 ' .2 m
vuB - 0.7 : R\ : 2 Rl : 50 kf} use 47 k
l.87 m
^''9' ftl |l R, : 15.9 k
11

,:92!=ru y"" : 15'R, : 5.07 v

" R+R,
v v
5'o'7 _o.7
-:
Lt- : s " t5.9/ tot + 2.0 = 2.0]m
,c : 0.99 : 2.o mA
l
'" ^ 74
1.35 k
,,,: ! = _ sok>Rc]J R
10v1
R -ll R, = ':::_:_- : l.32 k << , - 1
5g o ::-!: ---1 :8mA/V
v .25
 chaptr 6_53

.-::!!Q=t.zs
'' c^ 80
5 r. = R(r. _ 5)

R,n : R, ll Rll r, (R. bypasssed)

s!!:92,
l" 1" "
5l
: 1.16 k r.: (5V7 + )/0.2 : 5.625 k

Gu : R,.,
1ff7'"(-g^Rq\
+Rr:45kuse47k
s : o-2 / 41 k : 0.0043 m
_vlv 1c : /, : 0.43 m
= $-ri'l:
R: : t.39 k
r: (+l)":n.434^o
i; : Rc || R, : R.ll k n- = , = 99 = 11'2
But 2 v 0.028 ^a1y
Rc : 4'56 k To avoid saturation we need
use 4.7 k vc : v+ o.3 + l|ti,
V.:15-4;lx2:5.6V
=
_ o.2 o.11 1.3 1 e& a
v
5 ,
6.14
P6.l4GRaising R values x 3 udV6 : Vr, cRc cRc

154'7
47 +82 -o'1
: 0.636 m
- O.6 : Vcc |cRc(l + 5 /25\
29.9 ,.1 -R-=3:X25:.]V
t0l 3

- = 0.99 \ 0.6.16 : 25 mA / Yc:3-3:0V

.025
Rc = (3 _ 0)/0.43 : 6.98 k
, :: ]!Q =
, use 6.8 k
R' || n, = 29.9 k R,* : 3.5 k : _g- R,'

r" || Rc |l n : 1.69 k
= -17.2x 6.8: 116.96VlV
G,,' ' _3'5 X25 l.69 _ 26.9 / Overall gain

=oo.:= r. R'"
5.5 Vo , r.,o
; = ^' )8''('|] R/)
t
Gain is actualy lower because of the lafge change
in 8-. "
*- '
= _l-l- r 7.2 r l.47= _8.6 v/
6.145 2+5
+lv
ForRs:R.:iok
' :
v5 -5 7.2 3.59= '20.6 /
15

Note :

Rs + R. has lage effect on oerall gain com-

paed ih open circuit 7, / rr,

v.

(a) R,n : Rr|| r.:5 k

Ror o
&.=5k
R" * rn
Rjr" = 5(Rs+ r")
 chate 6 54

5 x{_)2oX8lj ol
=2,5+5
+5V
= 59.3 V/ V
6.147

+9V
v"

: 1
RL

0 - -5 mA

(4)' s o.7
2i*n"
IOI vBB_0"
'
^ 5 0.7_tl
2.5 R,+(R||| R,)/(+l)
t 2.88 _ .7
= 8.6 0.o25 :8.6 k
_ = _9 n ]2, a, - u'' '^
(b) V6 : V66 16R6 Qfffr# :
',: +:
1e.8mA/v
=JR' = -l-_L -sk
(c)
-99 X .5
, =P =l-ss
l9

(c) RiN = t(Rr ll Rr) ll r.l

= 32ll 5:4.3k
sage 2 is identica

(d) " : |
'1
?"ig "c

: x t( g'(R'|| R1)]
-,';
zo'nzv "_-
: r,_'qr.2.6
'-: : *rr_9: 9.1
: B/-=]@:
2
s = -23.4
: 20 k (icore) (.) b : g.(RcR): _30.6 v/v
2

Av : vo.Vo (&: 23.8(_30.6): +128 /

vs vu lrsi8

== '_ \ ( )s-( R.ll R. )

(b) uialet circuit

t 5k
V"1, Rtullr.
I a.:
 Chapter 6-55

(a)
(,":#:2kinore) E = '+c:'lmA
8. : 19.8 m/v 'R': lxo.225= o.225
(R 's are assum by-ased)
R"": L X200= !-98 V
l|
7l| 2 .
^
7'si | 7 V6 : uR'* 0.1 + BRB

6.t48 = 0.225 + 0.7 + 1.98 = 2.9V

g = 5: 0.99 mA
+5V
(b)

v.
r.: : 25
: 0.2
,0"
r. : r, = o.t n "_ *,_z
]ff atC
!vT : 7.g2 llr' / vo_ s Ls L o _
'-: RB 250 R ^

," = L: 1.2u ll '.l 'l

8^ "n " LR, R,l " LR, 0.251
R| : ro+ ( + 1)25
. /. _ 0.5 _ 3.96
Rl : k | Rt= l22ka "_o"oo5 oJs
o b o l2'2, 'l20ll 20\ _3.955
: "]1'g /
i_ i i_ j'_':|-F| - 0.055
: 0.38 x (-39.6) : l5V/V
' : u/o.38: 5/0.38 : 13.2 mv 6.150

|,|
: sx39.6m= l98mV +3V

6.149
1m
 Chapter 6-56

R.., : 50 :V :o'o25
.1:.5m
: lso/6 = / = 0.5m
.,.=Vr(>_0.3V)
+C
n =l, : !!1 = 26.47
v 0.025 .5

Uc :
o vcc cRc g.(Rc|| R.)ts 1' : o.5 .n
ycc [Rc + R.] - /c [Rc][Rc + Rrf g.RrRrt 1 = 0 +1
0.991, = .495 .o
_ R2cc + Rc fvCc - IcRL_ g.nri 11 + V66R. : 0
c :0.495 :
0.5R: Rc[3-o.5X 1_20 1Xo.oll_3X l = 08' v 0.025 19.8 m/V
o.5R:_2.3Rc_3= V-0.025 rn
1 0.5
Rc: {6J'+4,xoJx3:
+2.3:t +2.3!3.36
Use R. : 5.66 1
vc:3-5.66x0.5:0.17V
.: R ..,p ll p l
oa R, + Rt -"('ll "'
50 .:s.ll ll - 8.5v/ .vb
e=
50+5 :8nvb
Pa 2
Fa. Yr = 10 mv(max) R1, = r.:5
Y.:20mV o 7'b
=
vo = 20 x 8.5
: 170 mV
nl
t10-.'1'70<vL<l7o+l7o
=
*j;''n'lI
0<Y/<3,1OmV : 5 x 19.8x 1.96
75+5
:23/
[Rs >> rJ
 Chapter 6-57

6.152

+5V

=50 :2o0
1.45 mA 2.87 n^
v .45 v 2.87
v" 2'l5 3.57 V

56'9 g 114

l7 8.7
R,, 20.8 kf, 49.3 k

0'967 l 0-982 /v
Ao= !9

o 0.653 V/V 0.816 V/V

' '
o 1-n-r- : !-9
rn R
here o : 6_ o
+5V
and R = r.ll ll R.
RE
\/r.+8.
''b-
...!!
|/ro+g-+|/R
_R
R+ r'
1+8r
R
R+r.
N.." R,' : R, ()
-5V
;.R1:
''"#]
R9||

:R,il . _-!. l
L| o/ hJ

: Rr r" 1
ll
- ]
/,() : 5-0.7
RB/(p+1)+R
: 5-0.7
4'3 3.3 + 1,/ 101
=
,E(50) = 1.45 m
100/51 + :1 m
vr(50): V, y,(50) : 2.15 V
1.45
\=zsa

 chaper 6-58

R," : ( + 1)[r, + (R.|| R)] (b) simplified eqivalent circuit :

= 10I[0.025 + 1.25] - l28 k

o _ |28.1 : .ss vzv Rs
5 228 l.215 0
u*

v6
b = o/RL +

i1 v5 / (R5 + R1r) l0 k
vs
: UoX Rs+Rr, : 0-56x tl4
v.
,s l? l.66 k : 2 k to k 10 k
: 63.8 /A
|| ||

R""' = 3.3[r.+ l/(+ l)l

: ko
0.76
Vo = l.66 k x(ffi): l.o
'"
6-ts4
ffi : ,"+ 68 X lo-3 X y

-"(*_ 6s X Io-r) = ,l,

V,r
115 k
v + o : l|5.48 vn
11:ll5.48V:t2ok
i'' V/|'o35
b.o
71o Ri .l14.48V
1)s= s 1'b=R; + R1 15.48 Vr 1

_ l2o X ll4.48 _ o92/

120 + l0 115.48
(c) with cB open-ci'cuited so ha bootsapping
(a) DC Analysis is eliminated, e obain he following equivalent
-_ 4'5_o'1 circuit model.
' a'l0+0 = l.7_1 m
l0t
/c : 0.99 x 1.73 : 1.71m
Rs
^ 8. u.
8-:;,= 68smA/v 10 kf)

l0 k r"= 14.5

lv' v,,
20 k||20 kf,

r
:l0k 2k

''
4.5 V 2k & R:2( + l) (r" + 2 k
: 203.,6 k

Ri : ( + 1)(r" + 2 k)
,' :l:
t-
q'sa = 203.46 k
1)
Ri: 10k+(2k|| 20k)l| 203.46 k
'" s- 68.5
= 1 .6 k
= 18.21k
(mch lower than the value obtained ih boot-
srapping.)
 Chapter 6-59

v
o: frX 2 k: l]8 y V oo: | :0.995 v/v
b2 l + 0.5
vb= o+ U': (l + l38)V = |39V" Riz = (z+ 1)(r""+ Rr)
o _ b.o : Rl .0o = (101) (1.5) = l0l.5 k
s s b fs*Ri
_ l8.2l .l]8 : o'64 / ,",
, _ Rz
t0 + 18.21 9 bl R,b7 + r.1
Much lower han the value obtained wih boot- V' :2rn
strapping. This is due o the lower Ri. Bootsrap-
'' = l A
,-'
ping raises the component of inpt resistance de
to he base biasig network.
.l : l0l.5 :0.997J
= ls |0l.5 + 0.25 v
6.55 Rl : lM|l M| (t + 1)(r., + R,62)
Refer o the circuit in Fig 6.148
(a)182:5mA = l |l l|| 51 X (0.25 + 101.5)(k)
= l|i | 5.2M
l = 50, z: = 0.499 M = 499 k
1., = 5ou * r"'
" = s * _j
r+t (d)

50+-0.1 m
: R' : 499 : 0.833 v/v
= ll ,s Rs+Ri 1 + 499
(e)
lo ' .!e'.ao
s s b1 o.|
+4.5 V
I tlll = 0.smA = 0.833 x 0.997 x 0.995 = 0.826 V/V

6.156
fH $ilh R
/.1i : /HoLD (l + 8n R )
I,: J = 46.1,7
"'= v 25m
/""*:iloo(1 + mR5)
1",= 0'l m :
"' (s0 + r) t_96
;-
V : 4'5 _ 0.5 t.96 : 3.52 V J HLD
,1 m
V z : 3.52 _ 0-7 : 2.82

|5)_r
(b) Refer to Fig 6.148
\l00 ,/ :5_= 4 :l
oo= R 40m m ,10 m

b2 Rr* r,"
R,: l k.-' = = 5
)