AMERIKADA DIN VE DEVLET

Tarih ve Felsef Temeller

Orun mga
 indekiler

Takdim............................................................................................................................... 11
nsz................................................................................................................................. 15
Giri..................................................................................................................................... 19

BIRINCI BLM
Din ve Sivil-Siyas Alan Ayrlna likin Kavramsal ereve ve
Hristiyanlkta Kilise-Devlet likileri......................................................................... 25
A. Dnyev ve Ruhan Alanlar Arasndaki Snrlarn
Tayinine likin Anahtar Kavramlar............................................................... 27
B. Kilise ve Devlet likilerinin Teolojik Temelleri
ve Hristiyan Toplumlardaki Seyri................................................................. 58

KINCI BLM
Amerikada Kolonyal Dnemde Dinin Rol
ve Kilise-Devlet likilerinin Seyri.............................................................................. 73
A. Kolonyal Dnemin Ksa Tarihi......................................................................... 75
B. Yeni Dnyada Eski Dinin nas: Dinin Kurulua Olan Etkileri........... 83

NC BLM
Bamszln Kazanlmas ve Anayasal Dnemde Kilise-Devlet Ayrlna
likin Amerikada Yaanan Tartmalar................................................................. 149
A. Bir Din Canlanma Hareketi Olarak Birinci Byk Uyan ................... 151
B. Bamszln Kazanlmas.............................................................................. 158
C. Federal Anayasal Dnemde Kurucu Babalarn
Kilise-Devlet Ayrl Meselesine Yaklamlar......................................... 169
Sonu............................................................................................................................... 241
Ekler.................................................................................................................................. 249
EK-1: New England Blgesi................................................................................. 250
EK-2: New England Blgesi (Detay)................................................................. 251
EK-3: Kurucu On Koloni.................................................................................. 252
EK-4: Kurucu On Koloni (Detay).................................................................. 253
EK-5: Danbury Baptist Birliinin Thomas Jeffersona
Mektubu (7 Ekim 1801)............................................................................. 254
EK-6: Thomas Jeffersonn Danbury Baptist Birliine
Mektubu (1 Ocak 1802)............................................................................ 256
Kaynaka........................................................................................................................ 257
ndeks.............................................................................................................................. 273
 Takdim

Laiklik, din zgrl, dindevlet ilikisi sadece Trkiyenin deil,

btn dnyann sorun alanlarndandr. Ama, nedense, biz Trkiye
Cumhuriyeti vatandalar ou zaman bunun bize zg bir sorun
olduunu zanneder, tartmalarmzda da kendi tarihimize ve pra-
tiimize gmlrz. Bundan fayda salamaktan ok zarar grrz.
Amerika Birleik Devletleri laiklik fikir ve uygulamas asn-
dan dnyann en ilgin yerlerindendir. Bu lke, Avrupadan din
zgrlyle ilgili derin ykleri srtnda tayarak gelen gmen-
ler tarafndan kurulmutur. Bu yzden din zgrl hem top-
lumsal hayatnda hem siyashukuk sisteminde her zaman ok
nemli bir yer igal etmitir. Nitekim, birok Amerikal yazar ve
politikac din zgrl nn kendileri iin ilk zgrlk olduu-
nu iddia etmekte ve bunun ispat iin Anayasadaki ilk Tadil mad-
desini delil gstermektedir.
ABDde din zgrlnn ok nem tad bir gerek olma-
sna ramen, bu, lkede din zgrlyle ilgili hibir problem

11
12 Orun mga - Amerikada Din ve Devlet

yaanmad anlamna gelmemektedir. Tam da tersine, konuyla il-

gili en byk problemlerden bazlar, ibret verici ekilde, ABDde
kmtr, kmaktadr.
Bir taraftan ac tecrbelerin dier taraftan Amerika Birleik
Devletlerini ina srecinde kurucu babalar arasnda yaplan tar-
tmalarn etkisiyle bugnk sekler sistem ekillenmitir. Deerli
gen akademisyen Orun mgann elinizdeki almas ite bu ol-
guyu ele almaktadr. alma ABDdeki klasik kilise devlet ayrl
nn tarih ve fikr temellerini incelemektedir. Amerikan federasyo-
nunun kuruluundan nce, ilk kolonilerin kurulduu XVII. Yzyl-
dan itibaren kilisesiyas otorite ilikilerini aratrarak balamakta
ve bu abay gnmze doru tamaktadr. mgann geleneksel
Anglo Sakson yntem ve ynelimini gzden karmam olmas ok
nemlidir. Bu udur: ABDde, Anglo Sakson dnyann bir paras
olarak, Kta Avrupasndan farkl biimde, dindevlet ayrlnn e-
killendirilmesinde ideal bir soyut plan veya teori deil, mevcut top-
lumsal din kompozisyon esas alnmtr. Anglo Sakson modelinin
Kta Avrupas modelinden nispeten daha baarl olmasnn srr
burada yatmaktadr. Topluma ekil verme deil toplumun ekli veri
alnnca, din zgrlne hayat verecek bir sosyal zemin kendili-
inden domutur. Toplumsal oulculuk din hayatta da yansm
ve ana din gruplar arasnda bir aznlkounluk dengesi belirse
bile ana gruplarn birok alt gruba ayrlmas her grubun aznlk ol-
duu bir kompozisyon yaratmtr. Galiba genel olarak zgrln
zel olarak din zgrlnn sihirli forml budur: Herkesin azn-
lk olmas ve bunun bilincine varmas. Bir sonraki admda kendini
ve bunun bedeli olarak herkesi koruyacak bir sistemi kabul etmesi.
Kymetli rencim Orun mgann bu kitab, bu mhim gere-
i ok ak biimde yanstmas yannda, birincil kaynaklara gitme-
si, iyi bir sistematikle konuyu incelemesi, hibir ana izgiyi ihmal
etmemesi bakmndan da nem ve deer tamaktadr. Orun,
 Takdim 13

blmden oluan eserinde, Hristiyan gelenekte kilise devlet

ilikilerini; ABDnin kuruluunda dinin etkisini ve bamszlk
sonras dnemde, Anayasann ilk Tadil Maddesine etki eden yak-
lamlar ele almaktadr. Bu erevede George Washington, John
Adams, Thomas Jefferson ve James Madison gibi nemli isimlerin
kilisedevlet ayrl konusundaki grlerini de ele almaktadr.
Bu almayla fikr ve akademik hayata hzl ve gl bir giri
yapan Orun mgadan yeni almalar ve eserler bekliyoruz. Bizi
hayal krklna uratmayacana inanyoruz. Okuyucuyu da isa-
betli bir seim yapmasndan tr tebrik ediyor, iyi ve verimli
okumalar diliyoruz.

Atilla Yayla
16 Haziran 2010, stanbul
 Giri

Farkl din ya da mezhep mensuplarnn, inanlar nedeniyle ay-

rmclk ve basklara mruz kalmalar olgusu, ideal zm ara-
nan kadim meselelerden biri olmutur. Bu meselenin zmne
ilikin bir denge aray olarak, kurumsal dinle devlet faaliyetleri
arasndaki mnasebetlerin dzenlenmesi abalar, hemen her l-
kede, muhtelif younluktaki gerilim ve atmalara bir ekilde se-
bebiyet vermitir. Din otoritenin siyas alanda iktidar kurma iste-
ine mukabil, dnyev iktidarlarn, toplumsal yaam dzenleme
yetkilerini paylama konusunda isteksiz olular gerei, siyaset
biliminin en karmak ve bak srt konularndan biridir.
Kukusuz, ruhan alan ile dnyev alan arasndaki egemenlik
mcadelesi, en youn biimde, Hristiyanlk inancnn hkim
olduu corafyalarda hissedilmitir. Dinin siyasal alandaki etki-
sine, baka bir ifadeyle, iktidar dine dayandrma abalarna bal
olarak ortaya kan bu ihtilflar, tarih sre ierisinde bilhassa
Avrupada pek ok kanl mcadeleye neden olmutur. Hristi-
yanlkla dnyev iktidar arasnda, bu dinin zgn niteliklerinden
19
20 Orun mga - Amerikada Din ve Devlet

neet eden gerilimin kkenlerini, Roma mparatorluuna kadar

gtrmek mmkndr. St. Paulun M.S. 60 ylnda, bu inanc
yaymak amacyla Romaya gelii, iki alan arasndaki atmalarn
balang noktas olarak kabul edilebilir. nananlarna kar uzun
yllar sren bask ve iddet uygulamalarndan sonra, Hristiyan
dini, zaman iinde geni kitlelerce benimsenmi ve cidd bir g
kazanmtr. Bu zaferle birlikte, Hristiyanln devlet dini olarak
kabul edilmesine uzanan yol da almtr. Dinin siyas bakmdan
kuvvetlenmesi, kendi kurallarna sahip son derece belirgin bir hi-
yerarik yapnn, kilisenin vcut bulmasn salamtr. Kilise,
zamanla, toplum zerinde egemenlik iddias tayan, geni mlk-
lere, eitli kurumlara, ekonomik kaynaklara ve toplumsal iradeye
hkmeden etkili bir g olmutur. Yeryzndeki ilh hkmran-
l temsil eder hle gelen kilise, bu durumun sonucu olarak, bir
ynetici snfa, ruhban snfna da sahip oldu ve yine kendi g-
cnn artna paralel biimde, Hristiyanlar zerinde birtakm
hukuk yetkiler tayan ayrcalkl bir yap hlini ald. Ilveten, -iki
kl gibi- kimi retileriyle de, siyasal iktidar zerindeki sz hak-
kna dnen merluk kazandrd.
te yandan, Ortaan sonlarna doru, burjuvazinin eitli
sebeplerle nem kazanmasyla beraber, bu tablo deimeye bala-
d. Burjuva snfnn, siyas gce de sahip olma arzusuyla, dnyev
iktidar odaklarnn yannda, kiliseyle de mcadele etmesi, bu ya-
pya byk bir darbe vurdu. Bu darbe, Reformasyon ve Kalvinizm
hareketleriyle daha da belirgin bir hl ald. Bahsedilen gelimele-
rin bir sonucu olarak Avrupa, 1648 Westphalia Barna dein,
kanl din savalarna sahne oldu. Din alanda yaanan atmalar,
kapitalizmin geliimi, Rnesans dncesiyle toplumdaki kat ku-
ral ve inan biimlerinin krlmaya balamas ve pozitif bilimlerde
gzlenen sratli gelime, kilise ve ruhban snfn ar basklara
mruz brakan 1789 Fransz Devriminin temellerini hazrlad. Bu
 Giri 21

dnemden sonra da, kilise ile devlet arasndaki ilikilerin ayrlk

ynnde dzenlenmesi nem kazanm oldu.
Ancak ne var ki, iki kurum arasndaki ayrln tesis edilmesi,
her lkenin kendine has koullarna bal olarak, birbirinden fark-
l biimlerde formle edilmitir. phesiz, genel olarak dinin si-
vil/siyasal hayattaki yeri, zel olarak da kilise ve devlet ayrlyla
ilgili bulunan zm bakmndan, en zgn ve dikkat ekici r-
neklerden biri Amerika Birleik Devletleridir.
Belirtildii gibi, Avrupa, kilise ve devlet arasndaki atma-
nn en iddetli ve en uzun sreli hissedildii corafya olmutur.
Hi kukusuz, bu eski ktadan yola kan muhacirler tarafndan
kurulan Amerika Birleik Devletleri tarihinde de, kiliseyle dev-
let arasndaki ilikilerin ekillenmesi, Avrupa tecrbesinden ta-
mamyla bamsz bir biimde gereklememitir. yle ki, Yeni
Dnyaya, sadece siyas iktidardan grdkleri din bask nedeniy-
le gelen muhalif topluluklar bulunmaktayd. Amerikann ekir-
deini oluturan bu Protestan topluluklar, din hrriyetine kavu-
abilecekleri bir lkenin hayliyle okyanusu aarak bu topraklara
gelmilerdir. Buna karn, bu yndeki kurucu mit, bir boyutuyla
gerek olmakla birlikte, eksiktir. Her ne kadar bu topluluklarn bir
blm din baskdan muzdarip olarak Amerikaya gelmi olsalar
da, tarih srete, -kolonyal dnemde daha net ekilde gzlenmek
kaydyla- olduka iddetli inan atmalar yaanmtr. phe-
siz, bu sahadaki gerilimler Avrupadaki kadar ykc sonular do-
urmamtr. Ancak yaananlar, Amerikann, bandan beri din
zgrle dayal biimde kurulduu ynndeki tezi rtmek
iin de yeterlidir. Dier bir ifadeyle, Amerikan tarihinde din z-
grlklerin ekillenmesi, yaygn kannn aksine, btnyle bar-
l bir atmosferde deil, mezhepsel kavga ve atmalarn glge-
sinde gereklemitir.
22 Orun mga - Amerikada Din ve Devlet

Gerekten de din olgusu, Amerikann kuruluundaki en g-

l motivasyonlardan biridir. Kolonileme srecinin yaand ilk
dnemlerden itibaren, -nemli blmnn Protestan gelenee
dhil olduu- oulcu bir din kompozisyon, lkede belirgin e-
kilde hkim olmutur. Anavatan ngiltereden bamszln kaza-
nlmasna kadar, byk lde, birbirinden kopuk, mstakil ko-
loniler hlinde varlklarn srdren bu topluluklar, yaamlarnn
merkezine dini yerletirmilerdir. Bu yap iinde, ortodoks Protes-
tan gruplardan, muhalif din topluluklara kadar varan bir eitlilik
sz konusu olmu ve her kolonide birbirinden farkl kilise-devlet
ilikisi modelleri uygulanmtr. Bu eitlilik ayn zamanda, kilise
ve devlet mnasebetlerinin ideal biiminin ne olmas gerektiine
dir zengin bir tartma ortam da yaratmtr.
Koloniler, bamszln kazanlmasyla beraber, federal bir
at altnda birleme ihtiyacnn sonucu olarak Amerika Birleik
Devletlerini kurdular ve 1787 ylnda kabul edilen anayasayla da,
yeni devletin siyas grnmne netlik kazandrdlar. Bununla
beraber Anayasa, lkede bu alanda farkl pratiklerin sz konusu
olmasna karn, kiliseyle devlet ilikileri bakmndan herhangi
bir zm getirmemitir. Anayasann hem bu konuda sessiz kal-
masnn hem de sivil haklar ynnden yeterince desteklenmemi
olmasnn yaratt eksiklik, 1791 ylnda Haklar Bildirisinin ka-
bulyle giderilmeye allmtr. Anayasay tadil eden bu dzen-
lemenin ilk maddesi, devletin dinle olan ilikilerini tanzim etme-
ye ynelik biimde hazrlanmtr. lk Tadil (The First Amend-
ment) olarak anlan bu hkm, o gnden bu yana, devletin din
karsndaki pozisyonunu ve kiliseyle devletin ayrlk biimini
belirleyen balca ara olmutur.
Bu kitap, Amerikadaki kilise ve devlet ayrlnn teori ve prati-
ini, kolonilerin kurulu dneminden, lk Tadilin kabul edilme-
sine kadar sren yaklak iki yz yllk sreteki ke talaryla ele
 Giri 23

almaktadr. Baka bir anlatmla, almann temel amac, fikr ve

tarih kkleri itibariyle Amerika Birleik Devletlerindeki, kilise
ve devlet ayrl modelini analiz etmektir.
Bu erevede ilk blmde, ruhan ve dnyev alanlar arasndaki
ayrla ilikin teorik temeller aklanmaya allmtr. Ayrla
ilikin bir analiz arac olarak sosyal bilimlerde sklkla bavurulan,
seklerlik ve laiklik kavramlaryla, zgn Amerikan modelini
nitelediini dndmz kilise ve devlet ayrl kavramlar
bu kapsamda incelenmitir. Bunun yannda, kilise-devlet ilikile-
rinin Hristiyanlk retisindeki teolojik temelleri ve bu alandaki
uygulamalar tetkik edilmitir.
Kurumsal din ve din zgrlkler bakmndan kolonyal dne-
mi ele alan ikinci blmdeyse, Amerikadaki ilk kalc koloninin
kurulmasndan, bamszln kazanlmasna kadarki dnem,
karakteristik zellikler tayan yerleimler bakmndan deerlen-
dirilmitir. Bu kapsamda, kilise ve devlet ilikileri bakmndan
birbirinden olduka farkl zellikler arz eden koloniler, detayl
biimde ve uygulamalara yn veren nemli figrlerle birlikte res-
medilmeye allmtr.
Kitabn son blmndeyse, bamszln kazanlmasndan,
1791 tadiline kadar sren dnemde, kilise-devlet ilikileri konu-
sunda yaanan teorik tartmalara odaklanlmtr. Bu tartmalar,
devletin din karsndaki pozisyonu konusunda birbirinden farkl
tezler ieren temel kutuplar ekseninde ve bu kutuplarn tezlerini
belirgin biimde yanstan farkl isimler zerinden ele alnmtr.
Devletle din ve din gruplarn temas konusunda yaanan bu fikr
tartmalarda, Isaac Backus, John Witherspoon, George Washing-
ton, John Adams, John Locke, Thomas Jefferson ve James Madi-
son gibi karakteristik figrlerin grlerine bavurulmutur.
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 ndeks

I. Charles 79, 89, 116, 119
I. James 87
II. Charles 78, 82, 113, 124, 136, 140,
143
II. Lord Baltimore 80, 119
12 Elinin retisi 60 Adams, Samuel 162, 163, 172, 189
16. Benedict, Papa 42
1905 Ayrm Kanunu 70
A Afrodit 37
ABD 11, 12, 13, 41, 48, 49, 50, 54, 55,
56, 58, 69, 70, 72, 76, 78, 79,
83, 88, 98, 101, 104, 105, 107,
115, 116, 123, 124, 158, 159,
160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 166,
168, 169, 170, 191, 193, 201,
216, 217, 224, 225, 244, 245,
257, 263, 267, 268, 271
ABD Anayasas 168
Abercrombie, James 224
ak pazar 55
adlet 60
Adams, John 13, 23, 88, 96, 97, 98,
108, 112, 115, 120, 124, 125,
129, 136, 137, 138, 139, 141,
142, 158, 169, 174, 175, 178,
181, 183, 187, 192, 193, 195,
197, 198, 222, 223, 225, 226,
257
ademi merkez 56
dil yarglanma hakk 137
Aforoz 210
Ahdi-Atik 96
ahlk 61, 93, 134, 185, 186, 191, 192,
193, 199, 205
ahlk felsefesi 186
ahlk davran 96
akl 31, 91, 137, 157, 186, 187, 193,
203, 238
akl dini 31
akl tapna 31
Almanya 44, 48, 69, 71, 265, 268, 272
altn kural 137
Amerika Birleik Devletleri 11, 12,
16, 21, 22, 23, 40, 53, 58, 68,
72, 84, 98, 164, 170, 172, 173,

273
274 Orun mga - Amerikada Din ve Devlet
193, 233, 241, 246, 253, 257,
265
Amerikal 11, 49, 50, 51, 57, 83, 90,
103, 105, 138, 153, 164, 200,
228, 264
Amerikan Anayasas 55, 169, 234
Amerikan Aydnlanmas 198
Amerikan Bamszlk Sava 166, 167, Avrupal Kalvinciler 176
216
Amerikan Bakan 83, 186, 254
Amerikan Cumhuriyeti 125
Amerikan Devrimi 78, 89, 107, 121,
158, 160, 162, 164, 167, 200,
201, 258
Amerikan Hristiyanl 155
Amerikan stisnacl 105
Amerikan kolonileri 84, 142, 160, 161
Amerikan Kurucu Babalar 172, 215
Amerikan Presbiteryen Kilisesi 189
Amerikan tarihi 57
Amishler 64
Anabaptist 64, 121
anayasa 145, 147, 159, 169, 172, 186,
227, 234
Anayasann Babas 235
Anglikan Kilisesi 54, 78, 79, 86, 87, 88,
89, 95, 96, 97, 110, 111, 113,
114, 115, 139, 140, 145, 147,
157, 188, 200, 220, 233
Anglo-Amerikan 88, 119
anti-klerikalizm 70
Antik Roma 28, 122
antinomianizm 61
Apollon 37
aristokrat 222
aristokratik 116, 167
Arkadalar Cemiyeti 140
Arminian 209
ateizm 47
Atlantik 76, 95, 97, 201
Avam Kamaras 95, 161
Avrupa 11, 19, 20, 21, 29, 33, 34, 42,
44, 45, 46, 48, 50, 52, 53, 55,
58, 65, 67, 69, 70, 71, 72, 76,
78, 83, 90, 92, 93, 95, 99, 108,
112, 121, 141, 152, 155, 167,
170, 173, 180, 199, 203, 224,
241, 244, 253, 257, 258, 265,
268, 272
Avrupa Hristiyanl 203
Avrupa Kalvinizmi 94
Avrupallar 75, 76, 159, 258
Avusturya 71
Aydnlanma 32, 87, 91, 107, 157, 171,
174, 175, 198, 199, 203, 217,
260
aydnlanmaclar 174
Aydnlanma dncesi 198
ayrlk 21, 22, 47, 49, 57, 58, 59, 60, 62,
64, 65, 68, 70, 71, 83, 156, 171,
180, 183, 188, 200, 216, 228,
239, 243, 247
ayrmclk 19, 48, 231, 240
ayrm duvar 63, 64, 126, 172, 179,
216, 226, 227, 228, 229, 230,
231, 235, 255
aznlk 12, 54, 95, 115, 139, 180
B
Backus, Isaac 23, 178, 179, 180, 181,
182, 183, 184, 186, 208, 266,
268
Bader, Veit 72, 258
bamszlk 13, 59, 158, 162, 163, 166,
186
Bamszlk Bildirisi 53, 101, 166, 169,
191, 234
Bamszlk Sava 93, 151, 154, 155,
158, 166, 167, 216
ballk yemini 126
Bahama Adalar 76
Baptistler 95, 99, 109, 123, 137, 157,
180, 181, 183, 227
Baptizm 93, 99, 200
Barbier, Maurice 42, 50, 51, 202, 203,
204, 208, 211, 212, 258
Bar Gc 105

Barnabas ncili 60
Barnabas Mektubu 60
Barrowist 121
Bat 28, 29, 44, 46, 51, 59, 60, 61, 62,
63, 65, 66, 68, 69, 76, 93, 103,
104, 108, 112, 113, 136, 162,
241, 258, 259, 260, 264, 267,
268, 269, 270
Bat Avrupa 29, 65, 69, 76, 108, 241
Bat Jersey 112, 113, 136
Bat Roma Kilisesi 66
Baubrot, Jean 38, 39, 45, 47, 48, 53,
258
Belika 71
Bellah, Robert 32, 40, 53, 191
Berger, Peter 33, 39, 40, 41, 51, 259
Berkeley, Lord 112
Berkes, Niyazi 59, 68, 259
bilim 32, 37, 123, 203, 240
Billing, Edward 112
Birinci Byk Uyan 113, 151, 152,
157
Birinci Kta Kongresi 164
Birleik Devletler 51, 56, 76, 83, 104,
169, 186, 187, 195, 197, 215,
224, 241, 253
Boston 80, 99, 109, 162, 163, 164, 268
Boston Common 99
Boston ay Partisi 163, 164
Boston Katliam 162
Bristol 78
Brownist 121
Buckley, Thomas E., S. J. 219, 222, 223,
224, 225, 226, 227, 228, 259
bu dnya 35, 36, 60, 64
Burr, Aaron 217
Bush, George W. 104, 105, 226
Byk Uyan 64, 90, 113, 143, 151, Danbury Mektubu 227
152, 153, 155, 156, 157, 178,
198
C Davis, James Calvin 123, 124, 169
cadlk 99
Calvin, John 63, 130, 133, 134, 261
ndeks 275
Cambridge 32, 86, 170, 230, 234, 262,
263, 264, 267
Cangzbay, Kadir 16, 42, 43, 260
Carolana 143
Carolina 78, 81, 87, 95, 143, 145, 146,
147, 161, 170, 172, 203, 261,
265
Carteret, George Sir 112
Case, Thomas 35, 95, 141, 268
cemaat 28, 50, 97, 214, 243
Chauncy, Charles 176
Cherokee yerlileri 227
Cizvit 98, 108, 119, 121
Clarke, John 123, 124
Clebsch, William A. 125, 260
College of New Jersey 186
Columbus, Christopher 76
Comte, Auguste 32
Concord 164
Connecticut 80, 82, 123, 124, 169,
171, 181, 227, 253, 255
Connecticut Vadisi 82
Coolidge, John 103
Cooper, Anthony Ashley 143, 145
Cotton, John 99, 123, 128, 176
Cromwell, Oliver 120, 130
Cumhuriyet 31, 45, 93, 258
Cumhuriyetiler 189, 217, 222
ay Kanunu 162, 163
in 68
oulculuk 12, 40, 50, 142, 146, 157,
225
oklu kilise sistemi 147
oklu kurumlar 109
D
Danbury Baptist Birilii 126
Danimarka 71
Davis, Derek H. 130, 131, 132, 133,
134, 169, 170, 172, 227, 261
dechristianization 34
deist-rasyonalist yaklam 201
276 Orun mga - Amerikada Din ve Devlet
deizm 114, 138, 156
Delaware 82, 87, 112, 136, 142, 143
Delaware Nehri 82
demokrasi 101, 103, 105
Demokratik Cumhuriyetiler 217
devlet 11, 12, 13, 16, 19, 20, 21, 22,
23, 31, 32, 39, 41, 42, 43, 46,
47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54,
55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62,
63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70,
71, 72, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 91,
95, 96, 97, 103, 109, 111, 113,
114, 115, 116, 118, 119, 120,
122, 125, 126, 128, 129, 132,
133, 134, 137, 139, 143, 152,
155, 156, 159, 170, 172, 173,
174, 175, 176, 177, 178, 179,
180, 181, 182, 184, 186, 187,
188, 189, 190, 191, 193, 196,
197, 199, 200, 201, 203, 204,
205, 208, 210, 215, 216, 217,
220, 222, 223, 226, 227, 228,
229, 230, 231, 235, 236, 237,
239, 240, 241, 242, 243, 244,
245, 246, 254, 255
devlet dini 20, 68, 70, 172
devlet faaliyeti 57
Devlet Geici Yrtme Kurulu 31
devrim hakk 202
Didach 60, 61
din adamlar 51, 66, 89, 90, 126, 176,
186, 191, 223, 239
Din Bildirgesi 219
dindarlk 34, 97, 179, 191, 192, 200,
207
dinden zgrlk 70
din-devlet ayrl 55
din grevlisi 181, 235, 239
din hrriyeti 55, 69, 91, 113, 117, 119,
120, 122, 124, 125, 129, 136,
138, 146, 164, 171, 172, 175,
187, 201, 215, 219, 221, 222,
226, 234, 235, 242
Din Hrriyeti Kanunu 92, 201, 202,
215, 219, 220, 223, 229, 237
Din Hrriyeti Maddesi 170
din alan 41, 43, 48
din bask 21, 195
din bilgi 36
din canllk 50
din cemiyet 48, 61
din a 33
din eitlilik 93, 108
din oulculuk 50, 142
din dayatma 141
din eilim 50
din eitim 90
din gruplar 12, 35, 70, 192
din gnler 198, 240
din hareket 35, 228
din hogr 47, 87, 119, 129
din hogrszlk 99
din inan 36, 47, 50, 57, 84, 95, 96,
124, 125, 199, 244
din kurallar 68
din kurum 30, 48, 58
din liderlik 89
din mezhep 50
dinin gerileyii 29, 32, 33, 34, 37
dinin zgrlemesi 70
din otorite 46, 69
din zgrlk 98, 120, 122, 142, 183
din tarafszlk 46, 47
din test 169
din kartl 31
din retimi 227
din zgrl 11, 46, 49, 86, 98, 120,
122, 125, 164, 231
din savalar 229
dinsel alan 211
dinsellik 42
Din Tesisi Maddesi 170, 172
din ve devlet 16, 42, 47, 55, 59, 60, 69,
126, 128, 172, 228, 241
din ve inan hrriyeti 212
din ve siyaset 16, 38, 59, 202
din ve vicdan hrriyeti 47, 135, 183
dirili hareketi 90, 152, 153
 ndeks 277

doal durum 153 F

doal hukuk 137, 153 farkllama 40, 42
doast 30, 35, 37, 183 fazilet 186, 187
Dou Hindistan Kumpanyas 163 Federal hkmet 170
Dou Jersey 113 Federalistler 217, 222, 223
Dou Roma Kilisesi 67 Federalist Parti 223
Drakeman, Donald. R. 231, 232, 235, Federalist Yazlar 235
237, 238, 239, 240, 261 Fenwick, John 112
Dunkerler 137 finansal yardm 56
Durkheim, Emile 32 Finlandiya 71
dnya grnn kaybolmas 40 Fox, George 140
dnyann bysnn bozulmas 37 Franklin, Franklin 164, 191, 198, 199
dnyev alan 19, 41, 67 Fransa 29, 31, 34, 41, 44, 45, 46, 48,
dnyev iktidar 19, 20, 70 49, 52, 53, 55, 56, 68, 70, 71,
dnyev krallk 60 72, 156, 160, 166, 170, 216,
dmanca ayrl 68 220, 222, 241, 258, 260, 263,
Dyer, Mary 99 265, 268, 272
E Fransz 20, 29, 31, 38, 41, 44, 45, 53,
55, 67, 70, 102, 108, 146, 160,
ecclesiastic 42 161, 216, 217, 223, 224, 271
Edwards, Jonathan 96, 113, 152, 153, Fransz Devrimi 20, 29, 31, 38, 44, 53,
175, 176, 267 102, 216, 217
egemenlik 19, 20, 67, 206, 210 Fransz Kalvincileri 146
egemenlik hakk 210 Fransz laiklii 44
Ellis Island 104 Freud, Sigmund 32
Ellsworth, Oliver 189, 191
Endicott, John 79 G
Episkopal Kilisesi 226, 236 genelleme 40
Episkopalyenler 137 Genel Vergi Kanunu 236
Erdoan, Mustafa 16, 45, 47, 67, 70, Georgia 95
125, 262, 263 gnozeolojik 42
Ericson, Leif 75 gmen 76, 80, 97
eritme kab 113, 114 Gkalp, Ziya 43
Eski Ahit 59, 96, 126, 128 gnlllk 34, 57, 197, 205, 235
Eski Ik Pritenleri 175 Grkemli Devrim 138, 202
eski rejim 44, 53 Gunn, T. Jeremy 41, 44, 45, 46, 49,
eski rejim nostaljisi 53 56, 88, 98, 99, 120, 130, 164,
Eski Yunan 44 170, 263
eitlik 44, 57, 202, 231 gler ayrl 202
evanjelik 50, 64, 90, 92, 105, 157, 175, Gney Carolina 95, 143, 145, 146,
178, 179, 180, 181, 186, 190, 147, 161
193
Evans, Israel 179
278 Orun mga - Amerikada Din ve Devlet
H hukuk 11, 20, 31, 41, 46, 47, 48, 49,
Haklar Bildirisi 22, 91, 166, 170, 171,
232, 235
Haklar Bildirisinin Babas 235
halk 152, 242
Hamburger, Philip 172, 230, 231, 263
Hamilton, Alexander 216, 235, 270
Hancock, John 164
haric dnya 28
Harrington, James 145, 166, 172, 173,
263
Harvard 84, 86, 107, 157, 230, 263,
266
Helenistik insan 37
Henry, Patrick 60, 76, 81, 219, 220,
236, 237, 260, 267
Hristiyan cemaatleri 137
Hristiyan dini 20, 83
Hristiyanlatrma 90
Hristiyanlk 19, 23, 28, 34, 38, 58, 60,
62, 71, 88, 99, 111, 128, 131,
134, 186, 191, 203, 214, 220,
223, 238
Hristiyan teolojisi 61
Hindistan 76, 160, 163
Hintli 76
hiyerokrasi 66, 67
Hocaolu, Durmu 28, 44, 46, 48, 264
Hollanda 44, 48, 71, 79, 95, 108, 109,
110, 111, 113, 114, 134, 135,
137, 142, 156, 166, 170, 202,
204, 265, 272
Hollanda Reform Kilisesi 95, 108, 109,
111, 113, 156
Holyoake, Gerorge Jakob 30
homo Americanus 83
Hooker, Thomas 80
hogr 44, 47, 57, 83, 86, 87, 99, 109,
114, 115, 119, 120, 121, 129,
130, 131, 135, 145, 173, 184,
204, 208, 210, 213, 228
Hudson, Henry 81, 112, 224, 257
Huguenotlar 146
63, 70, 71, 88, 102, 111, 159,
161, 170, 172, 179, 192, 199,
213, 220, 245
hukukun stnl 202
Huntington, Samuel P. 40
Hutchinson, Anne 123, 178
Hutson, James H. 86, 88, 89, 112, 113,
114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119,
121, 122, 126, 129, 133, 134,
135, 143, 145, 146, 228, 229,
230, 264
Hutteritler 64
hkmet 67, 78, 102, 112, 125, 169,
170, 173, 183, 186, 191, 196,
220, 223, 227, 231, 233, 236,
253
hr irade 131
hrriyet 187, 191, 220
Hrriyet ocuklar 161, 162
Hz. sa 60, 61, 62, 64, 117, 120, 121,
126, 152, 195, 206, 214, 215,
217
I
Indies 76
ibadet hrriyeti 47, 109, 136, 138
brani 37, 131
idam cezas 98
iddial seklarizm 56
ideal tip 47
ideoloji 46, 230
iki dnya 43, 50
ki kl 63
kinci Amerikan Kongresi 164
kinci Byk Uyan hareketi 152
kinci Dnya Sava 29
kinci Kta Kongresi 143
ki Yol 60, 61
iktidar 19, 20, 62, 67, 70, 173, 210, 253
ilk gnah 100, 102, 229
ilk zgrlk 11, 170
lk Tadil 22, 50, 53, 54, 55, 56, 58,
120, 129, 170, 171, 172, 173,
 ndeks 279

181, 198, 202, 227, 231, 232, J

235, 245 jakoben 222
mparator Anastasius 63 Jamaika 135
imparatorluk 159, 160 Jamestown 78, 88, 158
inan temelli giriim 226 Jamestown Kilisesi 78
inan ve ibadet hrriyeti 136, 138 Jay, John 87, 235, 267, 270
ncil 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 88, 90, 102, Jayne, Allen 228, 229, 230, 264
123, 126, 157, 191, 209, 217, Jefferson, Thomas 13, 23, 87, 91, 126,
225 129, 164, 166, 172, 173, 175,
ngiliz Devrimi 168 181, 184, 186, 198, 199, 200,
ngiliz Hogr Kanunu 90 201, 202, 215, 216, 217, 218,
ngiliz Sava 86, 117, 119, 120 219, 220, 222, 223, 224, 225,
ngiliz Kalvincileri 79 226, 227, 228, 229, 230, 231,
ngiliz Krall 97 232, 233, 235, 236, 237, 240,
ngiliz Parlamentosu 145 242, 253, 255, 257, 259, 261,
ngiltere 22, 29, 71, 78, 79, 82, 85, 87, 262, 263, 264, 265, 267, 268,
88, 89, 92, 96, 97, 101, 102, 270
104, 110, 111, 112, 115, 117,
118, 119, 120, 122, 123, 125, K
126, 130, 131, 134, 136, 137,
Kanlmaz yazg 105
138, 139, 152, 157, 158, 159,
Kalvinci 64, 95, 97, 121, 209, 234
160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 166,
Kalvinist 36
167, 170, 202, 204, 240
Kalvinizm 20, 93
nsan Kenti 62
kamu dini 191
in se 42
kamu hizmeti 90, 222
rlanda 71
kamu politikalar 56
sa Cemiyeti 98
kamusal ibadet 108
sa Mesih 129, 152
Kanada 75, 160
skandinav 48
kapal bir dnya gr 30
sko Kilisesi 189
kapitalizmin ruhu 36
sko Presbiteryen Kilisesi 111
kar gelme hakk 186
skoya 113, 186, 187
kat ayrmclk 231
slm 59, 60, 62, 260, 266
Katolik Avrupa 71
spanya 71, 76, 78, 166
Katolik Kilisesi 38, 44, 50, 59, 129
spanya Krall 76
Katoliklik 95, 210
srailoullar 131
Katolik teolojisi 65
stanbul 13, 60, 210
Kenanllar 126, 131
sve 71, 142
kendi kendini ynetme 124
sveli gmenler 82
Kennedy, John. F. 105
sveliler 142
keyf ynetim 153
svire 64
Klbay, Mehmet Ali 45, 47, 161, 259,
talya 71
264
zlandal Vikingler 75
Kta Avrupas 12, 198
280 Orun mga - Amerikada Din ve Devlet

Kyamet Gn 63 Konvansiyon 168, 169

Kzlderili 76, 78, 130, 226 korporasyon 96
Kilise-cemaat 28 Kuran- Kerim 215
kilise-devlet ayrl 49, 55, 56, 72, 84, Kuru, Ahmet T. 44, 48, 53, 54, 55, 56,
122, 125, 128, 179, 200, 201, 198, 265, 272
215, 230, 231 Kurucu Babalar 171, 172, 173, 174,
kilise-devlet ilikileri 23, 69, 111, 126, 233, 245
196, 242 Kurucular 126, 173, 174, 201, 216
kilise dzeni 91, 92 kurucu mit 21
kilise grevlisi 44, 188 kurulu dnemi 16, 51, 53, 173, 203
kilise taraftarl 50 kurumsal din 48, 199
kilise ve devlet 16, 21, 22, 23, 49, 50, kurumsal doktrin 47
51, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, kukuculuk 200
60, 61, 62, 63, 65, 67, 70, 72, kutsal 36, 37, 38, 60, 61, 63, 88, 93,
87, 111, 120, 128, 155, 156, 103, 104, 107, 121, 126, 128,
170, 172, 174, 177, 178, 180, 136, 137, 139, 179, 181, 187,
181, 184, 186, 187, 189, 201, 188, 192, 195
203, 205, 208, 216, 220, 226, Kutsal Kitap 83
227, 228, 229, 230, 231, 235, kutsal toplum 93
236, 239, 240, 241, 242, 243, kutsanmam 28
244, 245, 246, 255 Kuzey Amerika 75, 76, 88, 93, 118,
kilise ve devlet ayrl 16, 23, 49, 50, 122, 135, 159, 167
51, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 59, 67, Kuzeybat Kanunu 192
70, 111, 155, 172, 174, 181, Kuzey Carolina 81, 146, 147
189, 203, 216, 228, 230, 235, kltr 31, 46, 48, 84
236, 240, 243, 244, 245, 246 kresel 37
kilise ve devlet ilikileri 23, 63, 226
kilise ve devlet mnasebetleri 87 L
kilise vergisi 91 ldin 28
Kitab- Mukaddes 215 lai 43
klerik 38, 44 laici 44
klerikalizm 48, 70 lacit 43, 45
kleros 44 laicity 45
kolonileme 76 laicus 43
kolonyal Amerika 85, 86, 180, 242 laik 42, 43, 44, 46, 48, 52, 55, 70
kolonyal dnem 95 laikilik 46
kolonyal kurucular 242 laikleme 48, 52
Konfederasyon Kongresi 166, 187 laiklik 11, 23, 33, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46,
Kongre 54, 55, 164, 166, 170, 173, 47, 48, 49, 50, 70, 245
175, 181, 189, 192, 216, 225, laikos 43, 44
231, 232, 235 laque 43
Kongregasyonalistler 86, 113, 157 laisizm 42, 45, 46
Kongregasyonal Kilise 171 laos 44
konkordato 69 l rehbani 43

Latin 28, 71, 72
lay 43
Laycock, Douglas 49, 56, 57, 265
layman 43
Le Bras, Gabriel 34
Leiden 28, 79, 270
Leland, John 178, 236
Lexington 164
liberal 80, 112, 115, 117, 145, 152,
167, 168, 189, 199, 203, 230
liberalizm 212
Lincoln, Abraham 96, 105, 187, 267
Linn, William 224
Locke, John 23, 87, 143, 145, 153, 166,
168, 201, 202, 203, 204, 205,
206, 207, 208, 209, 210, 211,
212, 213, 214, 215, 228, 229,
235, 265, 267, 269
London Company 78
Londra 78, 139, 204
Lord Ashley, Shaftbury I. Kontu 203,
208
Luckmann, Thomas 40
Luther, Matin 63, 93
Lutherci 63, 109, 121, 138
M militan 30, 44, 114
Madison, James 13, 23, 91, 92, 102,
113, 126, 129, 171, 175, 180,
181, 184, 187, 198, 200, 201,
220, 226, 228, 231, 232, 233,
234, 235, 236, 237, 238, 239,
240, 259, 261, 265, 267, 269,
270
Maine 78
Manhattan Adas 81
Martin, David 33, 40, 63, 70, 105, 125,
219, 262, 266, 270
Marx, Karl 32, 37
Maryland 78, 80, 81, 87, 95, 115, 116,
117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122,
135, 146, 270
Maryland Hogr Kanunu 119, 121, messes din 54, 85, 133, 181, 190,
122
ndeks 281
Mason, George 91, 170, 197, 266
Massachusetts 78, 79, 80, 96, 98, 99,
103, 116, 122, 123, 124, 125,
126, 128, 129, 130, 131, 136,
161, 164, 171, 178, 181, 182,
192, 198, 230, 263, 264, 268,
272
Massachusetts Bay 78, 80, 96, 103,
122, 123, 126, 128, 136, 178
Massachusetts Bay irketi 78
Massachusetts Krfezi 79
Mather, Cotton 123, 176
Mayflower 79, 96, 98, 169
Mayflower Szlemesi 96, 98
Mayhew, Jonathan 176
McConnell, Michael W. 84, 85, 86, 87,
89, 90, 91, 92, 171, 202, 203,
212, 236, 266
Medeniyetler atmas 40
Mennonitler 64, 137
Mert, Nuray 39, 48, 60, 70, 266
meruiyet 44
meruluk 44, 202
Metodizm 93
mezhep 19, 50, 96, 155, 233
mezhepsel 21, 35
militan laiklik 44
Miller, Perry 125
Mill Devrim Meclisi 31
Mississippi 160, 166
mistik 37, 140
misyoner 61, 87, 101, 117, 130
modernite 37
modernleme 33
modern toplumlar 39, 72
Monroe, James 105
Monticello Bilgesi 225
Moravianlar 137
Museviler 108, 122, 132, 138, 178, 192
Musevilik 59
mutlakiyeti 167
223, 237
282 Orun mga - Amerikada Din ve Devlet

messes kilise 71, 86, 89, 90, 91, 92, O

113, 126, 145, 146, 147, 155, Odonohoe 59, 61, 62, 65, 66, 268
171, 181, 184, 237 Ortaa 20, 65
messes kilise dzeni 92 Ortodoks 65, 67, 68, 71, 72, 121
messes kilise nizam 113, 184, 237 Ortodoks Avrupa 71
messes kilise sistemi 147 Ortodoks Dou 65
messes ruhban 223 ortodoks Hristiyan 155
mlkiyet hakk 137 ortodoksi 96
Mstakil Baptist 181 Osmanl 59
Mfik Yaratc 225 otokratik devlet 201
Mir Ahmet zzet Paa 43 otonom 36
Mtekabiliyet etii 137 otonomlama 40
N Oxford 28, 60, 87, 92, 96, 113, 141,
155, 157, 234, 260, 262, 264,
Napolyon 31 265, 267
Narragansettler 130, 131 ktem, Niyazi 48, 66, 268
New Amsterdam 81, 142 lm cezas 121
New England 64, 85, 86, 92, 95, 96, 97, rgtl din 201
104, 113, 115, 122, 124, 125, teki dnya 35, 208
156, 176, 178, 181, 182, 183, zelleme 40
184, 185, 223, 249, 250 zerk 59, 86, 101
New England pritenleri 176 zgrlk 11, 57, 64, 70, 98, 104, 112,
Newfoundland 75, 116 114, 120, 121, 122, 142, 153,
New Hampshire 78 161, 166, 168, 170, 182, 183,
New Haven 78 187, 188, 207, 220, 222, 234
New Jersey 60, 78, 87, 110, 112, 113, zgrlk an 191
114, 115, 136, 156, 170, 186, zynetim 101
264, 266, 269 zynetimci topluluk 101
New Netherlands 81, 108
New Port 123, 130, 195 P
New Sweden 142 Padover, Saul K. 224, 225, 229, 268
New York 30, 32, 33, 60, 81, 82, 86, pagan 126, 131
87, 92, 96, 107, 108, 109, 110, Paine, Thomas 164, 166, 198
111, 112, 113, 136, 142, 155, Papa 42, 62, 63, 211, 215
157, 170, 172, 195, 198, 201, Papa Gelasius 63
208, 216, 219, 224, 230, 231, papaz 38, 124, 183
235, 258, 259, 260, 261, 262, Para Kanunu 161
264, 265, 267, 268, 269 Paris 31, 166
nezaket 133, 139 Paris Antlamas 166
Nietzsche, Friedrich 37 parlamento 69, 88, 235
Norve 71 Parsons, Talcott 40
Notre Dame Kilisesi 31 Pasifik 105
Nottingamshire 79 pasif seklarizm 56

Patrik 67
Pekmez Kanunu 161
Penn, Amiral William 136, 137, 140
Penn, William 78, 82, 112, 135, 138,
139, 41, 142, 143, 178, 257,
267
Pennsylvania 78, 82, 87, 112, 130, 135,
136, 137, 138, 139, 143
Pennsylvania niversitesi 138
Pfautz, Harold W. 35, 268
Pfeffer, Leo 109, 110, 111, 112, 117,
119, 121, 122, 129, 132, 135,
136, 137, 138, 141, 153, 155,
156, 236, 268
Philadelphia 164, 168, 191
Philedelphia Konvansiyonu 234
pietistik 157
Pietizm 93, 200
Pilgrimler 79, 80, 87, 96, 98
piskopos 38
piyasa mekanizmas 246
platonik mistisizm 217
Plymouth 78, 96
Plymouth Bay 96
Plymouth irketi 78
politik oulculuk 225
Popple, William 204
Portekiz 68, 71
Potomac Nehri 116
Presbiteryen 89, 97, 111, 121, 138,
157, 186, 189, 227, 234
Presbiteryen Kilisesi 89, 111, 157, 189
Princeton 113, 157, 186, 234
Proast, Jones 204
profan 28
Protestan 21, 22, 38, 49, 54, 70, 71, 87,
90, 91, 92, 93, 95, 99, 110, 111,
119, 120, 132, 134, 139, 146,
147, 157, 175, 181, 192, 199,
226, 236, 243, 244, 271
Protestan Episkopal Kilisesi 236
Protestanlk 63
Protestan Reformasyonu 38, 92
Providence 80, 122, 123, 124, 125,
ndeks 283
129, 131
Publius 235
Pul Kanunu 161, 162
putperest 121, 209
priten 78, 79, 80, 85, 86, 92, 93, 94,
95, 96, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102,
103, 105, 107, 113, 115, 118,
119, 121, 122, 124, 125, 126,
131, 133, 136, 153, 156, 157,
175, 176, 177, 178, 190, 191,
198, 199
priten ahlk 93, 199
priten doktrini 101
priten inanc 101
pritenizm 103
pritenlik 95, 97, 102, 107
Q
Quaker 99, 112, 114, 129, 135, 136,
137, 139, 140, 141, 143
Quebec 163, 164
R
radikal 44, 64, 65, 71, 98, 125, 172,
199, 231
rasyonel 36, 37, 38, 153, 200, 203
rasyonel din 153
Reagan, Ronald 103
Reformasyon 20, 93, 237
Reform Hareketi 97
regulier rahipler 38
Reichley, A. James 80, 87, 89, 90, 91,
93, 95, 96, 99, 101, 102, 103,
107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 116,
117, 118, 119, 120, 123, 125,
126, 136, 139, 141, 219, 234,
235, 268
resm ateizm 47
resm devlet kilisesi 72
resm din 128, 188, 212, 220
resm tarafszlk 57
Restorasyon Antlamas 202
Rhode Island 64, 80, 85, 87, 96, 122,
123, 124, 125, 129, 130, 131,
284 Orun mga - Amerikada Din ve Devlet

133, 135, 169, 263 seklerlik 23, 27, 28, 31, 35, 36, 41, 47,
rza 119, 130, 161, 210, 236 48, 245
Robert, Jacques 32, 40, 47, 53, 68, 70, sekler oyunlar 28
71, 83, 191, 231, 257, 258, sekler rahipler 38
262, 268 sekler rasyonalistler 198
Roma 20, 28, 50, 62, 65, 66, 67, 86, semav krallk 60
115, 122, 126, 128 sempatizanca msamaha 68
Roma mparatorluu 20, 62, 86 Senato 239
Roma Katolik Kilisesi 50 separation 49, 57
Roundhead 121 separation of church and state 49
Rnesans 20 Separatist 121
ruhan alan 19, 41 Sezar 59, 62, 126, 141
ruhan bireycilik 153 sezaropapizm 65, 66, 67
ruhan k 137, 140 Shiner, Larry 29, 30, 31, 33, 34, 35, 36,
ruhan lider 186 37, 38, 40, 269
ruhban 20, 38, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 49, sivil cumhuriyetiler 174, 175, 190
62, 97, 111, 126, 153, 183, sivil din 191, 225, 240
184, 191, 223, 230, 237, 244 sivil haklar 22, 170
ruhban kart 46, 49, 244 sivil iktidar 210
ruhban kartl 111 sivil mlkiyet 205
ruhban snf 97, 126 sivil otorite 231, 235
ruh ve beden 60 sivil-siyasal alan 49, 211, 241
Rusya 67 sivil toplum 102
siyasal alan 49, 69, 211, 241
S siyasal iktidar 20, 62
sabit tarafszlk 57 siyaset 5, 16, 19, 38, 44, 46, 48, 51, 59,
sculum 28 93, 95, 99, 145, 166, 199, 202,
saldrgan tarafszlk 44 203, 228, 235, 239, 246
Salem 79, 80, 99 siyaset bilimi 5, 59
Salem Common 99 siyas iktidar 67
San Salvador 76 siyas ynetim 204, 213
Scalia, Antonin 172, 269 Smith, Adam 201, 234
seilmi insanlar 100, 104, 105 Smith, Harrison 219
seilmilik 93, 101 socinien 203
seklarizm 30, 45, 56 sosyal ahlk 185
sekler 12, 28, 30, 31, 33, 35, 38, 41, sosyal bilimler 34
48, 49, 50, 52, 53, 54, 56, 58, sosyal mit 29
70, 84, 125, 131, 191, 198, sosyal szleme 153
199, 219, 240, 244 sosyal yap 83, 93, 116
seklerizasyon 28 Sovyetler Birlii 68, 69
seklerleme 28, 29, 30, 31, 33, 34, 36, szleme anlay 96, 101, 102
38, 39, 40, 41, 48, 50, 55, 70 szleme teolojisi 100
seklerleme teorisi 39, 40 Spencer, Herbert 32
seklerletirme 53 St. Augustine 62, 126

St. Paul 20, 63
Stuart Restorasyonu 89, 119, 140
Stuyvesant, Peter 108
Sydney, Algernon 137
abat Gn 95, 108
eker Kanunu 160, 162
kran Gn 191, 192, 195, 240 Trk 41, 42, 46, 48, 59, 125, 132, 169,
T 271
tanma 16, 57, 58, 234
tannm kilise 70
Tanr 29, 53, 58, 60, 61, 62, 63, 66, 83,
95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 101, 102,
103, 104, 105, 123, 126, 129,
132, 133, 136, 145, 153, 169,
172, 176, 179, 183, 187, 191,
208, 212, 217, 222, 223, 224,
225, 253, 254
Tanr Kenti 62
Tanr-Kral 66
Tanrsal 76, 103, 177, 178, 270
tarafsz devlet 56
tarafszlk 44, 46, 47, 57
tarikat 50, 56
temel haklar 137
Temple, Sir William 135
Temsilciler Meclisi 217, 225, 229, 230,
239
temsilsiz vergi 161
Tennent kardeler 157
teokrasi 66, 67, 99, 122
teolojik 23, 29, 30, 49, 59, 128, 130,
137, 139, 156, 171, 174, 176,
177, 179, 183, 184, 186, 189,
199
teosantrik 136
Tepedeki ehir 103, 104
terbiye 106, 133
Teslis 88, 145
test yeminleri 88
Tevrat 44
The First Amendment 22, 170, 187,
265, 269
Tocqueville, Alexis de 50, 51, 106, 177,
ndeks 285
242, 243, 270
toplu ibadet 192
Tnnies, Ferdinand 39
Troeltsch, Ernst 28
Tschannen, Oliver 40, 271
Tudor Hanedan 111
210, 214, 258, 259, 262, 263,
Trkiye 11, 41, 42, 44, 46, 48, 59, 69,
78, 167, 173, 257, 258, 259,
261, 264, 265, 266, 268, 269,
271, 272
Trkne, Mmtazer 43, 46, 59, 70, 71,
261, 266, 271
Tyler, Samuel 157
U
Ulusal Dua Gn 240
umum ilgisizlik 68
uyuuk inan sistemi 132
uzlatrma 55
V
vaaz 80, 87, 128, 176, 191, 235
vaftiz 64, 109
van Limboorch, Phillip 204
vatanseverlik 51, 191
vazgeilmez haklar 202, 253
Veda Nutku 193
vergi destei 147, 220
vergi muafiyeti 64, 177, 183
Vergin, Nur 44, 46, 271
vicdan hrriyeti 47, 53, 110, 112, 135,
141, 145, 179, 183, 234, 238
virgin birth 218
Virginia 78, 79, 81, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89,
90, 91, 92, 95, 99, 115, 116,
120, 157, 158, 166, 172, 200,
215, 216, 217, 218, 219, 220,
223, 224, 225, 226, 229, 231,
233, 234, 236, 240, 261, 263
Virginia Anayasas 166, 231
Virginia Anglikanlar 99
286 Orun mga - Amerikada Din ve Devlet
Virginia Company 87, 88
Virginia Eyalet Meclisi 216
Virginia Haklar Bildirisi 91
Virginia Konvansiyonu 234
Virginia Meclisi 236, 240
Virginia niversitesi 215, 217
W 263, 272
Wald, Kennth D. 56, 84, 93, 95, 97, 99,
101, 102, 271
Wallace, Clifford 153, 155, 172, 227,
271
Walter Raleigh 76
Wampanoaglar 130
Washington, George 13, 23, 80, 84,
164, 181, 187, 189, 193, 194,
195, 196, 197, 216, 223, 225,
226, 236, 237, 267, 268, 269,
271
Weber, Max 28, 32, 37, 38, 39, 60, 66,
67, 93, 271
Weltanschauung 30
Wesley, John 178
Westphalia Bar 20, 29, 31
Whitfield, George 152, 169, 271
William and Mary College 157
Williams, Roger 64, 80, 84, 105, 107,
122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127,
128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133,
134, 139, 172, 178, 179, 180,
182, 184, 231, 236, 261, 263,
271, 272
Wilson, Bryan 40
Wilson, James 189
Wilson, Woodrow 105
Winthrop, John 80, 103, 104, 135,
136, 176
Witherspoon, John 23, 113, 175, 186,
187, 188, 189, 231, 234, 257,
267, 269
Witte, John Jr. 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64,
171, 174, 175, 176, 177, 178,
179, 180, 191, 192, 193, 199,
200, 201, 211, 228, 272
Y
Yahudiler 78
Yale 157, 208, 269
Yaratc 37, 53, 137, 169, 225
yarglama hakk 207, 209
Yayla, Atilla 13, 16, 33, 41, 48, 202,
Yazcolu , Hulusi 31, 69, 272
Yeni Ahit 59, 126, 214, 217
yeniden canlanma hareketi 152
Yeni Dnya 21, 79, 83, 85, 86, 87, 92,
96, 104, 112, 115, 116, 122,
136, 152, 158, 167, 198, 243
Yeni Ik 152, 157, 175, 181
Yeni Ik Evanjelikleri 175
Yeni srail 103, 131
Yeni Kta 75, 98
yerleik papaz 183
yllk sertifika 183
Yinger, Milton J. 30, 31, 33, 35, 272
York Dk 82, 108, 109, 110, 112
ynetilenlerin rzas 202
ynetme hakk 202
Yunanistan 71, 72
Yunanllar 43
Yce Tanr 98
Yce Varlk 31
Yksek Mahkeme 56, 171, 172, 181,
186, 216, 227, 231, 245, 246
Z
zenci kleler 79
Zorlayc Kanunlar 163