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Natural ventilation
§ Stack effect
§ Induced ventilation
Function of Ventilation
§ Convection cooling
§ Physiological cooling
Supply of fresh air :
Supply of air is governed by the type of occupancy, activity, function of the
building, working hours..etc
§ The provision of permanent ventilator
§ Grilles or air bricks built into a wall
To ensure a satisfactory performance of wind moments into the building.
Convection cooling:
§ Mechanical ventilation, the exchange of indoor air with fresh out door air
can provide cooling
§ The moving air acts as heat carrying medium
§ Practically applicable in hot or cool climates
Provision for Ventilation stack effect:
Accelerating evaporation
§
Air flow around and through a building
Air flow around building
§ When moving air strikes an obstacle
such as a building. This slows down the
air flow but exert air pressure on the
obstacle surface. This pressure is
proportionate to the air velocity.
§ This slowing down process effects a
roughly wedge shaped mass of air on the Air flow around a building
§ Orientation
§ External features
§ Cross ventilation
§ Position of openings
§ Size of openings
§ Control of openings
The greater pressure on the windward side of a
building is generated when the elevation is at
right angle to the wind direction, so obvious
that the greater indoor air velocity will be
archived
Wind incidence of 45 degree would reduce the
pressure by 50%
Cross ventilation
Size of openings
§ Greater the size, higher the pressure and smaller the size of opening, lower
the pressure
Control of openings
Effect of canopies
Effect of Louvers
Air stream separation at the face of building
§ Shading
§ Reflectors
Roof pond
Desiccant cooling
§ Desiccants remove moisture to improve comfort, air
quality, and energy efficiency
§ Desiccant materials, which absorb moisture, can be
dried, or regenerated, by adding heat supplied by
natural gas, waste heat, or the sun.
Evaporative cooling
Evaporative cooling is a process which occurs naturally whenever water and hot
air come into contact. Natural evaporation takes place which absorbs the heat
and cools the hot air by several degrees.
Evaporative Cooling Works
An evaporative cooler is essentially a
large fan with water-moistened pads
in front of it. The fan draws warm
outside air through the pads and
blows the now-cooled air throughout
the house.
Earth sheltered building
Earth sheltering is the architectural practice of using earth against building walls for
external thermal mass, to reduce heat loss, and to easily maintain a steady indoor air
temperature. Earth sheltering is popular in modern times among advocates of passive
solar and sustainable architecture
Site planning (including landscape) and building planning