Table

Table of
of Information
Informationand
andEquation
EquationTables
Tablesforfor
APAP
Physics C Exams
Physics Exams
The accompanying Table
The accompanying Table of
ofInformation
Informationand
andEquation
EquationTables
Tableswill
willbebeprovided
providedtotostudents
studentswhen
when
they take the AP Physics C Exams. Therefore, students may NOT bring their own copies
they take the AP Physics Exams. Therefore, students may NOT bring their own copies of these of these
tables to the exam room, although they may use them throughout the year in their classes in
tables to the exam room, although they may use them throughout the year in their classes in
order to become familiar with their content. Check the Physics course home pages on AP
order to become familiar with their content. Check the Physics course home pages on AP
Central for the latest versions of these tables (apcentral.collegeboard.org).
Central for the latest versions of these tables (apcentral.collegeboard.org).
Table of Information
Table of the
For both Information
Physics C: Mechanics and Physics C: Electricity and Magnetism Exams, the Table of
For
Information isPhysics
both the printedBnear
and the
Physics
frontCcover
Exams, the Table
of both of Information
the multiple-choice is printed
and near the
free-response front
sections.
cover of both
The tables arethe multiple-choice
identical and free-response sections. The tables are identical for both
for both exams.
exams except for one convention as noted.
Equation Tables
For both the
Equation Physics C: Mechanics and Physics C: Electricity and Magnetism Exams, the
Tables
equation tables
For both the Physicsfor each exam
B and are printed
Physics C Exams,near thetheequation
front cover of both
tables the multiple-choice
for each exam are printed andnear
free-response
the front coversections, directly following
of the free-response theonly,
section tabledirectly
of information.
following Thetheequation
table oftables may be The
information.
used by students when taking both the multiple-choice and free-response
equation tables may be used by students when taking the free-response sections of both exams sections of both exams.
The equations in the tables express the relationships that are encountered most frequently in
but NOT when taking the multiple-choice sections.
AP Physic C courses and exams. However, the tables do not include all equations that might
The equations in the tables express the relationships that are encountered most frequently in
possibly be used. For example, they do not include many equations that can be derived by
AP Physics courses and exams. However, the tables do not include all equations that might
combining other equations in the tables. Nor do they include equations that are simply special
possibly
cases of anybe used. Forinexample,
that are the tables. they do notare
Students include many equations
responsible that can be
for understanding thederived
physicalby
combining other equations in the tables. Nor do they include equations
principles that underlie each equation and for knowing the conditions for which each equation that are simply special
cases of any that are in the tables. Students are responsible for understanding the physical
is applicable.
principles
The equationthat underlie
tables each equationinand
are grouped for knowing
sections according thetoconditions
the majorfor whichcategory
content each equation is
in which
applicable.
they appear. Within each section, the symbols used for the variables in that section are defined.
However, in sometables
The equation casesare thegrouped
same symbol is used
in sections to represent
according to thedifferent quantities
major content in different
category in which
tables.
they It should
appear. be noted
Within each that therethe
section, is symbols
no uniform usedconvention among textbooks
for the variables for the
in that section aresymbols
defined.
used in writing
However, equations.
in some cases the Thesameequation
symbol tables follow
is used many common
to represent conventions,
different quantities but in some
in different
cases
tables.consistency
It should be was sacrificed
noted for the
that there sake
is no of clarity.
uniform convention among textbooks for the symbols
usedSome
in writing equations. The equation tablesthe
explanations about notation used in equation
follow many tables:
common conventions, but in some
1.  The symbols used for physical constants
cases consistency was sacrificed for the sake of clarity. are the same as those in the Table of
Information and are defined in the Table of Information rather than in the right-hand
Some explanations about notation used in the equation tables:
columns of the tables.
1. The symbols used for physical constants are the same as those in the Table of
2. Symbols with arrows above them represent vector quantities.
3. Information
Subscripts on and are defined
symbols in theinequations
the Tableare of used
Information ratherspecial
to represent than incases
the right-hand
of the
columns
variablesof the tables.
defined in the right-hand columns.
2. Symbols
4. The symbolin bold face represent
D before a variable vector quantities.
in an equation specifically indicates a change in the
3. Subscripts on final
variable (i.e., symbols
valueinminus
the equations are used to represent special cases of the
initial value).
5. variables defined symbols
Several different in the right-hand
(e.g., d, r,columns.
s, h, ) are used for linear dimensions such as
length.
4. The The particular
symbol D before asymbolvariable used
in anin equation
an equation is one that
specifically is commonly
indicates usedinfor
a change the
that equation
variable in textbooks.
(i.e., final value minus initial value).
5. Several different symbols (e.g., d, r, s, h, A ) are used for linear dimensions such as
length. The particular symbol used in an equation is one that is commonly used for
that equation in textbooks.

2014 The College Board. Visit the College Board on the Web: www.collegeboard.org.
 ADVANCED PLACEMENT PHYSICS C TABLE OF INFORMATION
CONSTANTS AND CONVERSION FACTORS
m p 1.67 10 -27 kg
Proton mass, = Electron charge magnitude, =e 1.60 10 -19 C
mn 1.67 10 -27 kg
Neutron mass, = eV 1.60 10 -19 J
1 electron volt, 1=
me 9.11 10 -31 kg
Electron mass, = Speed of light, =c 3.00 108 m s
N 0 6.02 10 23 mol -1
Avogadros number, =
Universal gravitational =
constant,
G 6.67 10 -11 Nm 2 ( ) kg 2

R = 8.31 J (mol K) Acceleration due to gravity

Universal gas constant,
at Earths surface, g = 9.8 m s2
k B 1.38 10 -23 J K
Boltzmanns constant, =
1 unified atomic mass unit, 1.66 10 -27 kg =
1u = 931 MeV c 2
Plancks constant, 6.63 10 -34 J s =
h= 4.14 10 -15 eV s
1.99 10 -25 J m =
hc = 1.24 103 eV nm
Vacuum permittivity, e0 8.85 10 -12 C2 N m 2
= ( )
k 1 ( 4 pe=
Coulombs law constant, = 0) 9.0 109 N m 2 ( ) C2
Vacuum permeability, m=
0 4 p 10 -7 (T m) A
Magnetic constant, k = m0 ( 4 p )= 1 10 -7 (T m) A
1 atmosphere pressure, 1.0 105 N m 2 =
1 atm = 1.0 105 Pa

meter, m mole, mol watt, W farad, F

kilogram, kg hertz, Hz coulomb, C tesla, T
UNIT second, s newton, N volt, V degree Celsius, C
SYMBOLS
ampere, A pascal, Pa ohm, W electron volt, eV
kelvin, K joule, J henry, H

PREFIXES VALUES OF TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS FOR COMMON ANGLES

Factor Prefix Symbol q 0 30 37 45 53 60 90
10 9 giga G sin q 0 12 35 2 2 45 3 2 1
106 mega M cosq 1 3 2 45 2 2 35 12 0
103 kilo k tan q 0 3 3 34 1 43 3
10 -2 centi c
-3 milli m
10 The following assumptions are used in this exam.
10 -6 micro m I. The frame of reference of any problem is inertial unless otherwise
stated.
10 -9 nano n II. The direction of current is the direction in which positive charges
10 -12 pico p would drift.
III. The electric potential is zero at an infinite distance from an isolated
point charge.
IV. All batteries and meters are ideal unless otherwise stated.
V. Edge effects for the electric field of a parallel plate capacitor are
negligible unless otherwise stated.

2014 The College Board. Visit the College Board on the Web: www.collegeboard.org.
 ADVANCED PLACEMENT PHYSICS C EQUATIONS

MECHANICS ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM

x x 0 + a x t
= a = acceleration 1 q1q2 A = area
FE =
1 2 E= energy 4pe0 r 2 B = magnetic field
x =x0 + x 0 t + at F = force C = capacitance
2 x
f = frequency FE d = distance
x2 =x 0 + 2 ax ( x - x0 )
2
E =
h = height q E = electric field
I = rotational inertia e = emf
=

=
F Fnet
J = impulse Q F = force
a
m m
K = kinetic energy E dA = e0 I = current
k = spring constant J = current density
dp dV
F = = length Ex = - L = inductance
dt dx
L = angular momentum = length

=J = F dt Dp m= mass
DV = - E dr
n = number of loops of wire
P = power per unit length
p = momentum N = number of charge carriers
p = mv 1 q

r = radius or distance V =
4pe0 rii P =
per unit volume
power
T = period i
F f m FN
t = time Q = charge
1 q1q2 q = point charge
U= potential energy U= qV
=
E W
D= = F dr v = velocity or speed
E
4 pe0 r R = resistance
1 2 W= work done on a system r = radius or distance
K = m Q
2 x = position DV = t = time
C
m = coefficient of friction U = potential or stored energy
dE k e0 A V= electric potential
P= q = angle C =
dt d v = velocity or speed
t = torque
r = resistivity
P = F v w = angular speed Cp = Ci F= flux
a = angular acceleration i
DUg = mg Dh f = phase angle k = dielectric constant
1 1
=
Cs C
i i
2
Fs = - k D x FM= qv B
a=c = w2r
r
1
Us = k ( Dx )
2 I =
dQ
dt
B d = m0 I
t= r F 2
1 1
m 0 I d r
=x xmax cos( wt + f) =
UC = QDV C ( DV )2 dB = 4 p
t t net
2 2 r2
=
a =
I I r
2p 1
T
= = R= = F I d B
w f A
I =
r dm mr
2 2
=
Bs = m0 nI
m E = rJ
Ts = 2 p
mi xi k
x cm =
mi
I = Nevd A FB = B dA
Tp = 2p
= rw g DV dF

I =
R
e = d = - dt B
E
Gm1m2
L = r p = Iw FG =
r2 Rs = Ri e = -L
dI
i dt
1 2
K = Iw Gm1m2
2 UG = - 1 1 1 2
r
Rp
= R UL = LI
w w0 + at
= i i 2

1 2 P = I DV
q = q0 + w0 t + at
2
2014 The College Board. Visit the College Board on the Web: www.collegeboard.org.
 ADVANCED PLACEMENT PHYSICS C EQUATIONS

GEOMETRY AND TRIGONOMETRY CALCULUS

Rectangle A = area df d f du
C = circumference =
A = bh dx du dx
V = volume
Triangle d n
S = surface area
dx
( x ) = nxn -1
1 b = base
A= bh
2 d ax
Circle
h = height
dx
(e ) = aeax
= length
w = width d
A = pr2 ( ln ax ) = 1
r = radius dx x
C = 2p r s = arc length d
s = rq q = angle dx
[sin (ax )] = a cos (ax )
Rectangular Solid
d
V = wh dx
[cos (ax )] = - a sin (ax )
Cylinder s
1 n +1
x dx
r n
= x , n -1
V = pr 2
q n +1
1 ax
e
ax
=S 2p r + 2p r 2 dx = e
a
Sphere
dx
4
V = pr3
x +=
a
ln x + a
3
1
S = 4p r 2 cos (ax) dx = a sin (ax)
1
Right Triangle sin (ax) dx = - cos (ax )
a
a 2 + b2 =
c2
VECTOR PRODUCTS
a
sin q =
c c A B = AB cos q
a
b q 90 AB = AB sin q
cos q =
c b
a
tan q =
b

2014 The College Board. Visit the College Board on the Web: www.collegeboard.org.