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Application of Homotopy Analysis Method for Solving various types of

Problems of Partial Differential Equations
V.P.Gohil1, Dr. G. A. Ranabhatt2

1,2Assistant Professor, Department of Mathematics, Government Engineering College, Bhavnagar, India

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Abstract - In this paper, various types of linear, non-linear, By means of generalizing the traditional homotopy method,
homogeneous, non homogeneous problems of partial Liao constructed the so-called zero-order deformation
differential equations discussed. Also shown that homotopy equations
analysis method applied successfully for solving non
homogeneous and non linear equations

Key Words: homotopy analysis method, partial (1)

differential equation, linear, homogeneous, linear, non
linear, homogeneous, non homogeneous Where is an embedding operators, are nonzero
auxiliary functions, is an auxiliary linear operator,
1.INTRODUCTION
are initial guesses of and are
In recent years, this method (HAM) has been successfully unknown functions.
employed to solve many types of non linear, homogeneous
or non homogeneous, equations and systems of equations as It is important to note that, one has great freedom to choose
well as problems in science and engineering . Very recently, auxiliary objects such as and in HAM.
Ahmad Bataineh et al.([2]) presented two modi_cations of
HAM to solve linear and non linear ODEs. The HAM contains When we get by (1),
a certain auxiliary parameter h which provides us with a
simple way to adjust and control the convergence region and
rate of convergence of the series solution. Moreover, by
means of the so-called h -curve, it is easy to determine the Thus increase from 0 to 1, the solutions varies
valid regions of h to gain a convergent series solution. Thus,
from initial guesses to .
through HAM, explicit analytic solutions of non linear
problems are possible.
Systems of partial differential equations (PDEs) arise in Expanding in Taylor series with respect to ,
many scientific models such as the propagation of shallow
water waves and the Brusselator model of the chemical (2)
reaction-diffusion model. Very recently, Batiha et al. [2]
improved Wazwazs [9] results on the application of the Where
variational iteration method (VIM) to solve some linear and
non linear systems of PDEs. In [8], Saha Ray implemented , (3)
the modified Adomian decomposition method (ADM) for
solving the coupled sine-Gordon equation.
If the auxiliary linear operator, initial guesses, the auxiliary
2. HOMOTOPY ANALYSIS METHOD parameter and auxiliary functions are properly chosen
than the series eqution (2) converges at .
We consider the following differential equations,
(4)

This must be one of solutions of the original nonlinear

Where are nonlinear operators that the represents the equations.
whole equations, x and t are independent variables and
are unknown functions respectively. According to (3), the governing equations can be deduced
from the zero-order deformation equations (1).

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Define the vectors

1 q 1 x, t ; q S1 x, t qhN 1 x, t ; q
= (10)
Obviously, when q 0 and q 1 we get
Differentiating (1) m times with respect to the embedding 1 x, t ; q S1,0 x, t u0 x, t and
parameter and the setting and finally dividing them
by . 1 x, t ;1 u x, t (11)

As q increase 0 to 1 , 1 varies from u0 x, t to

We have the so-called order deformation equations
u x, t Expanding 1 x, t ; q in Taylor series with
(5) respect to q ,
(5)
1 x, t ; q S1,0 x, t S1,m x, t q m
Where m 1

(22)

Where

(6) 1 m1 x, t ; q
S1,m x, t
and
m! q m q 0

(23)

2. HOMOGENEOUS LINEAR PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL If the auxiliary linear operator, initial guesses, the
auxiliary parameter h and auxiliary functions are properly
EQUATION
chosen than the series equation (2.63) converges at q 1 .

Consider homogeneous linear differential equation
1 x, t ;1 S1,0 x, t S1,m x, t
ut ux u 0 m 1
(7)
Subject to the initial condition i.e. u x, t S1,0 x, t S x, t
1, m
u( x, 0) e x m 1
This must be one of solutions of the original non linear
(8)
equations as proved by Liao Define the vectors
To solve this system (2.57) to (2.58) by HAM, first we
choose initial approximation S1,n S1,0 x, t , S1,1 x, t , S1,2 x, t , .....S1, n x, t
u0 ( x, t ) e x
(24)
th
And the linear operator We have the so-called m order deformation equations
1 x, t ; q
L 1 x, t ; q L S1,m x, t 1,m S1,m x, t hR1,m S1,m1
x
With the property L C 0 where C is integral (25)
Where
constant.
1 m11 x, t ; q
We define system of non-linear operator as
1 x, t ; q 1 x, t ; q
R1,m S1,m1
m 1! q m1
2

N 1 x, t ; q q 0
x 2 x
1 x, t ; q (26)
(9)
i.e. R1,m S1,m1 S1,m1 t
S1,m1 S1,m1 x S1,m1
Using the above definition, we construct the zeroth-order
deformation equations (27)

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Obviously, when q 0 and q 1 we get

t
S1,m x, t m S1,m1 x, t h R1,m S1,m1 dt c
0
1 x, t ; q S1,0 x, t u0 x, t and

1 x, t ;1 u x, t (35)
(28)
Now we will calculate As q increase 0 to 1 , 1 varies from u0 x, t to u x, t

t
S1,1 x, t m S1,0 x, t h R1,1 S1,0 dt Expanding 1 x, t ; q in Taylor series with respect to q ,
0
1 x, t ; q S1,0 x, t S1,m x, t q m
(29) m 1
Where (36)

R1,1 S1,0 2e x Where
So
S1,1 x, t 2hte x 1 m1 x, t ; q
S1,m x, t
th m! q m q 0
Now The N order approximation can be expressed by
N 1 (37)
S x, t S1,0 x, t S1,m x, t
m 1 If the auxiliary linear operator, initial guesses, the auxiliary
parameter h and auxiliary functions are properly chosen
(30) than the series equation (2.76) converges at q 1 .
As N we get S x, t u x, t with some
1 x, t ;1 S1,0 x, t S1,m x, t
appropriate assumption of h m 1

3. NON HOMOGENEOUS LINEAR PARTIAL i.e. u x, t S1,0 x, t S x, t
1, m
DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION m 1
Consider non homogeneous linear differential equation This must be one of solutions of the original non linear
ut ux u 1 0 equations as proved by Liao Define the vectors
(31) S1,n S1,0 x, t , S1,1 x, t , S1,2 x, t , .....S1, n x, t
Subject to the initial condition (38)
u( x, 0) e x th
We have the so-called m order deformation equations
(32)
To solve this system (31) to (32) by HAM, first we choose
L S1,m x, t m S1,m x, t hR1,m S1,m1
initial approximation (39)
u0 ( x, t ) e x Where
1 m11 x, t ; q
And the linear operator
1 x, t ; q
R1,m S1,m1
L 1 x, t ; q m 1! q m1 q 0
x (40)
With the property L C 0 where C is integral constant.
i.e. R1,m S1,m1 S1,m1 S1,m1 S1,m1 x S1,m1
t
We define system of non-linear operator as (41)
21 x, t ; q 1 x, t ; q
N 1 x, t ; q
t
S1,m x, t m S1,m1 x, t h R1,m S1,m1 dt c
x 2 x
1 x, t ; q 1
0
(42)
(33) Now we will calculate
Using the above definition, we construct the zeroth-order

t

deformation equations S1,1 x, t m S1,0 x, t h R1,1 S1,0 dt

1 q 1 x, t ; q S1 x, t qhN 1 x, t ; q 0
(43)
(34) Where

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Volume: 04 Issue: 05 | May -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

R1,1 S1,0 2e x 1 Where

So 1 m1 x, t ; q
S1,1 x, t h 2te t x S1,m x, t
m! q m q 0
th
Now the N order approximation can be expressed by (51)
N 1
S x, t S1,0 x, t S1,m x, t If the auxiliary linear operator, initial guesses, the auxiliary
m 1 parameter h and auxiliary functions are properly chosen
(44) than the series equation (2.90) converges at q 1 .
As N weget S x, t u x, t with someappropriate

assumption of h
1 x, t ;1 S1,0 x, t S1,m x, t
m 1

4. NON HOMOGENEOUS NON LINEAR i.e. u x, t S1,0 x, t S x, t 1, m
PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION m 1
Consider non homogeneous non linear differential equation This must be one of solutions of the original non linear
ut u ux u 1 0 (45) equations as proved by Liao Define the vectors
Subject to the initial condition S1,n S1,0 x, t , S1,1 x, t , S1,2 x, t , .....S1, n x, t
u( x, 0) e x
(46) (52)
th
To solve this system (45) to (46) by HAM, first we choose We have the so-called m order deformation equations
initial approximation
u0 ( x, t ) e x
L S1,m x, t m S1,m x, t hR1,m S1,m1
(53)
And the linear operator
Where
1 x, t ; q
L 1 x, t ; q 1 m11 x, t ; q
x
R1,m S1,m1
With the property L C 0 where C is integral constant. m 1! q m1 q 0
(54)
We define system of non-linear operator as
21 x, t ; q
i.e. R1,m S1,m1 S1,m1 S1,m1 S1,m1 x S1,m1 1
N 1 x, t ; q
t
(55)
x 2

t
x, t ; q S1,m x, t m S1,m1 x, t h R1,m S1,m1 dt c
1 x, t ; q 1 1 x, t ; q 1
x 0

(47) (56)
Using the above definition, we construct the zeroth-order Now we will calculate

t
deformation equations
S1,1 x, t m S1,0 x, t h R1,1 S1,0 dt
1 q 1 x, t ; q S1 x, t qhN 1 x, t ; q 0
(48) (57)
Obviously, when q 0 and q 1 we get Where
1 x, t ; q S1,0 x, t u0 x, t and
R1,1 S1,0 e2 x e x 1
1 x, t ;1 u x, t (49) So
S1,1 x, t ht e2 x e x 1
As q increase 0 to 1 , 1 varies from u0 x, t to u x, t
th
Now the N order approximation can be expressed by
Expanding 1 x, t ; q in Taylor series with respect to q , N 1
S x, t S1,0 x, t S1,m x, t
1 x, t ; q S1,0 x, t S1,m x, t q m m 1
m 1 (58)
(50) As N weget S x, t u x, t with someappropriate
assumption of h

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5. HOMOGENEOUS NON LINEAR PARTIAL

DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION
i.e. u x, t S1,0 x, t S x, t
m 1
1, m

Consider homogeneous non linear differential equation

This must be one of solutions of the original non linear
ut u ux u 0 equations as proved by Liao Define the vectors
(60) S1,n S1,0 x, t , S1,1 x, t , S1,2 x, t , .....S1, n x, t
Subject to the initial condition
(65)
u( x, 0) e x th
We have the so-called m order deformation equations
(60)
To solve this system (59) to (60) by HAM, first we choose
initial approximation
L S1,m x, t m S1,m x, t hR1,m S1,m1
(66)
u0 ( x, t ) e x Where
And the linear operator 1 m11 x, t ; q
1 x, t ; q
L 1 x, t ; q

R1,m S1,m1
x m 1! q m1 q 0
(67)
With the property L C 0 where C is integral constant.
We define system of non-linear operator as

i.e. R1,m S1,m1 S1,m1 t
S1,m1 S1,m1 x S1,m1 1
21 x, t ; q (68)
N 1 x, t ; q

t
x 2 S1,m x, t m S1,m1 x, t h R1,m S1,m1 dt c
x, t ; q 0
1 x, t ; q 1 1 x, t ; q (69)
x Now we will calculate
(2. 101)

t
Using the above definition, we construct the zeroth-order S1,1 x, t m S1,0 x, t h R1,1 S1,0 dt
deformation equations 0
1 q 1 x, t ; q S1 x, t qhN 1 x, t ; q (70)
Where
(61)
Obviously, when q 0 and q 1 we get
R1,1 S1,0 e2 x e x
1 x, t ; q S1,0 x, t u0 x, t and So

1 x, t ;1 u x, t (62) S1,1 x, t ht e2 x e x

0 to 1 , 1 varies from u0 x, t to u x, t
th
As q increase Now the N order approximation can be expressed by
N 1

Expanding 1 x, t ; q in Taylor series with respect to q , S x, t S1,0 x, t S1,m x, t

m 1

1 x, t ; q S1,0 x, t S1,m x, t q m (71)
m 1 As N weget S x, t u x, t with someappropriate
(63) assumption of h
Where
3. CONCLUSIONS
1 1 x, t ; q
m

S1,m x, t Various types of homogeneous, non homogeneous, linear,

m! q m q 0 non linear partial differential equations can be solved
easily by using homotopy analysis method.
(64)

If the auxiliary linear operator, initial guesses, the auxiliary

parameter h and auxiliary functions are properly chosen
than the series equation (2.90) converges at q 1 .

1 x, t ;1 S1,0 x, t S1,m x, t
m 1

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