HYDRAULIC OILS

Basics
Applications
Properties of hydraulic fluid
BPCL product range
HYDRAULIC OILS
 CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION

BASICS OF HYDRAULICS

FUNCTIONS OF HYDRAULIC FLUID

APPLICATIONS

PROPERTIES OF HYDRAULIC FLUID

BPCL PRODUCT RANGE
 INTRODUCTION

What is Fluid Power?

Uses Pressurized fluids in a confined system to control and
transmit power from an energy generating source to an
energy use area.

Hydraulics The transmission of power from a power generation

Liquid source to a sink using an engineered incompressible hydraulic fluid for
the sake of creating leverage or motion.
Fluid Power

Pneumatics - The transmission of power from a power generation

Gas source to a sink using pressurized air (compressible) as the fluid for
the sake of creating leverage or motion.
 BASIC HYDRAULIC PRINCIPLES

Hydraulic Fluid Power

Fluid power depends on a viscous fluid flowing under pressure from a sink to a
source. The systems efficiency is dependent on fluid density, temperature and
pressure loss due to decreased fluid velocity.

Change in
Temperature

Source Fluid Flow Sink

Creates Viscous Fluid Has Turns fluid pressure /
Pressure Velocity energy into leverage
HYDRAULIC MECHANICAL ADVANTAGE
BASIC HYDRAULIC SYSTEM
BASIC HYDRAULIC SYSTEMS OVERVIEW

Cylinder
Relief Motion
Valve

Control
Valve

Cylinder

Pump

Filter

Tank Cooler

Typical Lift / Ram Circuit (mobile or industrial open center system)

BASIC HYDRAULIC SYSTEMS OVERVIEW

EH Servo Control
Valve

Hydraulic Blower
Motor Fan

Joystick

Variable
Pump

Filter

Tank Cooler

Typical Motor Power Circuit (mobile closed center system)

FUNCTIONS OF HYDRAULIC FLUID

Compressibility Lubrication

Sealing Cooling

Energy
Transmission
 COMPRESSIBILITY

Ensures responsiveness of With the dynamics of loads in

actuation or stiffness in a industrial machinery, slight
hydraulic circuit, even under decompression or compression
high pressure can occur and affect actuation
slightly

Petroleum-based fluids are virtually incompressible,

for example
0.4% at 1000 psi and up to 1.1% at 3000 psi operating
pressure
At a constant operating pressure the oil remains
compressed at a given value
 LUBRICATION

All hydraulic systems have components TYPES OF LUBRICATION

with moving parts that have the potential
to come in contact with each other
Full film

Components need a lubricant to prevent

excess wear and the production of excess Boundary
heat

Enhanced
(Additives)
 FULL-FILM
This prevent metal to metal
contact and the protect metal
surfaces.
The lubrication film flows
between the metal parts while
keep the metals completely
apart.
This is the best lubrication
condition for a hydraulic
system
BOUNDARY
When high pressure is needed,
the clearances between the
moving components should be
reduce to limit leakage.
The lubrication film flows
between two metal parts, now
the metal can touch each other.
Disadvantages:
-Excessive wear
- severe heat
ENHANCED
To enhance boundary lubrication
conditions additives are required
such as anti wear and extreme
pressure.
- Antiwear additives prevent
metal to metal contact.
- Additives usually a
zinc/phosphorous compounds.
STRIBECK CURVE AND LUBRICATION REGIONS
SEALING

Internal leakage inside hydraulic components, affects efficiency of

systems.

Internal leakage has the potential to create excess heat

The fluid in the system is relied upon to minimize leakage across the
clearances to improve efficiencies and to reduce the production of heat.

The leakage rate is determined by the physical size of clearances,

pressure drop across the clearances, and the operating viscosity of the
fluid.
COOLING

Any fluid used in hydraulic machinery absorbs and carries heat

away from heat generating components such as cylinders and
pumps.

Some system designs Causing a build up of heat and oxidized

may not allow fluid in an isolated segment of a circuit
sufficient transfer of Resulting in the destruction of the fluid
fluid to the reservoir and components

Some devices
designed to maintain Baffled reservoirs
fluid quality and Coolers
ensure long trouble Strainers
free operation:
FLUID POWER

Advantages:

Force transmitted equally

in any direction
Force multiplication Disadvantages:
Continuously variable
speed Contamination sensitive
Fluid Leakage
Easily reversible
Flammability (Mineral oil
High power output from systems)
relatively small units
Higher efficiency
compared to pneumatics
HYDRAULIC FLUID APPLICATION
Agriculture

Marine Mining

Digging and
Aircraft
drilling

Hydraulic
Automotive fluid Oilfield

Construction Equipment Mobile crane

Industrial Machine
Machinery tool
HYDRAULIC FLUID APPLICATION
HYDRAULIC SYSTEM COMPONENTS

Oil tank Hydraulic pump

Oil filter Control valves

Pistons Pipes
PUMP CLASSIFICATION
TYPES OF HYDRAULIC PUMPS
HYDRAULIC OIL- DESIRED PROPERTIES

Thermal and
Low Hydrolytic
chemical Good lubrication
compressibility stability
stability

Rust and
Water
oxidation
Low pour point demulsifying Filterability
protection
ability
properties

High Viscosity Seal

High flash point Low foaming
Index compatibility
HYDRAULIC OIL TESTING

Four ball wear test

Foaming test

Demulsibility test

Rust test
FZG test rig
HYDRAULIC OIL- VISCOSITY SELECTION

Increases
with pressure High
Film thickness Less leakage
Design parameters High friction
Stiffness More heat
Temperature rise High pressure loss
Load capacity Sluggish response

Operational parameters Low

Heat generation High leakage
Heat transportation Quick response
Flow rate Viscosity Less volumetric efficiency
Leakage loss Low temperature rise

Decreases
Low viscosity Index with pressure High viscosity Index
 HYDRAULIC OILS- ANTIWEAR TYPE

Grades: MAK HYDROL & MAK HYDROL AW

Range : ISO VG 15, 22, 32, 46, 68, 100, 150, 220, 320, & 460
Performance level: DIN 51524 PART I HL Type (VG 22 TO 150)

IS : 10522-1983 (VG 32 TO 150)

IS : 3098 - 1983 (VG 15 TO 150)

IPSS:1-09-022

Vickers V-104 C Vane Pump Test

Salient features :

Outstanding Antiwear properties

Excellent Rust & Oxidation Inhibition

Superior compatibility with seal materials

 HYDRAULIC OILS- HLP TYPE

Grades: MAK HYDROL HLP

Range : ISO VG 32, 46, 68, & 100
Performance level: DIN 51524 Part II, HLP Type

Denison HF - 0 & HF - 2,
Eaton Vickers 35VQ25 Pump Test

US Steel 127

Cincinnati Milacron P-70

FZG Niemann EP 11th FLS

IS 11656:1986

Salient features :

Outstanding Thermal Stability

Excellent Hydrolytic Stability

Superior Antiwear property

Exceptional water separation property

 HYDRAULIC OILS- HVLP TYPE

Grades: MAK HYDROL HVLP

Range : ISO VG 32, 46, & 68
Performance level: DIN 51524 Part II, HVLP Type

Denison HF - 0 & HF - 2,
US Steel 127

Cincinnati Milacron P-70

FZG Niemann EP 11th FLS

IS 11656:1986

Salient features :
Excellent Viscosity / Temperature characteristics
High Shear Stability
Superior Antiwear property
Good Oxidation Resistance
Higher FZG Rating
Excellent Hydrolytic Stability
 HYDRAULIC OILS- ASHLESS TYPE

Grades: MAK HYDROL CE 68

Range : ISO VG 68

Performance level: DIN 51524 Part II, HLP Type

Denison HF - 0 & HF - 2,

FZG Niemann EP 11th FLS

IS 11656:1986

Vickers 1-286-S

US Steel 127

Cincinnatic Milacron P-70

Salient features :

Zinc free ash less type for high speed, load, temperature and pressure system

Outstanding Oxidation Stability

Excellent Hydrolytic Stability

Superior Antiwear property

Exceptional water separation & filterability property

 HYDRAULIC OILS- SHEAR STABLE TYPE

Grades: MAK HYDROL P

Range : ISO VG 46, 68 & 100
Performance level: HYDROL P 46 : Proprietary Brand

HYDROL P 100 : L&T - (Z-00-032-42) Index G Specification

HYDROL P 68 : L&T (R-201-032-11) Index A Specification

Salient features :

Outstanding Shear Stability

Very Good Seal compatibility with various types of seal materials

Good thermal stability & oxidation resistance

Excellent corrosion resistance and anti-wear properties

Low pour point

 HYDRAULIC OILS- SUPER CLEAN TYPE

Grades: MAK HYDROL HLP

Range : ISO VG 32, 46, 68, & 100
Performance level: DIN 51524 Part II, HLP Type

Denison HF - 0 & HF - 2,
Eaton Vickers 35VQ25 Pump Test

US Steel 127

Cincinnati Milacron P-70

FZG Niemann EP 11th FLS

IS 11656:1986

Salient features :

Outstanding Thermal Stability

Excellent Hydrolytic Stability

Superior Antiwear property

Exceptional water separation property

Super clean oil with NAS less than value 7 and HDPE or epoxy coated barrels are used for storage
 HYDRAULIC OILS- TORQUE CONVERTERS

Grades: MAK HYDROL TQ 32

Range : ISO VG 32

Performance level: 3.90-8A of Voith Getreibe, Germany

Salient features :

Zinc free ash less type for torque converters

Outstanding Oxidation Stability

Excellent Hydrolytic Stability

Superior Antiwear and anti rust property

Exceptional water separation

Excellent extreme pressure properties

ROUNDUP