ALCOHOL /
STIMULANT TRANSQUILIZER
Coccaine, Amphetamine
Action Stimulant
Elation
Euphoria
self esteem
impaired judgement
Feature
impulsive&danger sexual
behaviour
mental/physical task
mania
Mood : calm (acute excited)
Thought : psychotic
Sign and Symptoms
Pupil : dilate
Skin : dry, warm, flushed
HR, temperature, energy,
paranoia, fatigue, appetite,
Characteristic
nausea&vomit, psychomotor
agitation, muscle weakness
Depend upon type of cocaine
Onset
Duration 3-4 days
Mood : calm (excited)
Thought : psychotic (not
psychotic)
Sign and Symptoms
Pupil : constrict (dilate)
Skin : diaphoretic, warm, flushed
(dry, cool, flushed)
Sleeplessness or excessive retless
sleep, appetite, depression,
Characteristic paranoia, energy
Stroke, Cardiovascular collapse,
Medical/psychiatric myocardial infarct, paranoia,
issue violence, severe depression,
suicide
Neurotransmitter Dopamine, NE, serotonin agonist
Receptor DA-2, 5-HT-2, dan
OPIOIDS HALLUCINOGEN
SEDATIVE
Cannabis (Marijuana), Phencyclidine,
Benzodiazepines, Barbiturate Heroin, Morphine, Codein
LSD
Euphoria
Sedative, depressant Anxiolytic Sedative, euphoria, analgesic
high dose hallucinations
Slurred speech Syndrome of abuse Sensitivity to external stimuli
Dizziness Mood disturbance colour seems brighter
Incoordination Behaviour disturbance depersonalization
Unsteady gait Cognition disturbance derealization
Nystagmus Slurred speech
Impaired cognition and performance
Impairment in attention/memory Impaired memory & attention task
Stupor/Coma Impaired motor skill
Double vision
INTOXICATION
Mood : calm Mood : calm Mood : excited
Thought : not psychotic Thought : not psychotic Thought : psychotic
Pupil : constrict Pupil : dilate Pupil : dilate
Skin : diaphoretic, warm, not flushed Skin : dry, warm, not flushed Skin : diaphoretic, cold, not flushed
Sedation, respiration, depresses CNS Drowsiness, nodding, euphoria BP, HR, palpitation, blurring vision,
coma death (happy giddiness), psychomotor intraocular pressure, conjunctival
retardation, impaired
injection (red eyes), tremor,
memory&attention incoordination
WITHDRAWAL
24-48 hours after blood alcohol level Within 24 hours of last use May be few days
drops
5-7 days 4-7 days Last up to several weeks
Mood : excited Mood : excited Mood : excited Mood : severe swing
Thought : not Thought : Thought : not psychotic Thought : psychotic
psychotic psychotic Pupil : constrict/dilate Pupil : constrict
Pupil : constrict Pupil : dilate Skin : diaphoretic, warm/cool, flushed Skin : diaphoretic, warm,
Skin : dry, cool, not Skin : diaphoretic,
flushed warm, not flushed
BP, HR, nausea/vomiting/diarrhea, Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, goose Irritability, nervousness, appetite
Tremulousness (shakes) delusion, bumps, runny nose, teary eyes disturbance, anxiety, sleep disturbance,
hallucination nausea, concentration problems,
Seizure nystagmus, diarrhea
Delirium tremens death flashback
Every organ system affected dehydrated
(cardiomyopathy, liver disease,
esophageal&recal varices), fetal alcohol
syndrome
GABA agonists Beta Endorphin agonist Serotonin agonists
GABA-A k dan 5-HT-2