BIOLOGY

THECELL,TAXONOMYANDTHEHUMANBODYSYSTEMS

PreparedBy:
JessChristianD.Ramirez
May2012
CHARACTERISTICSOFLIFE
MOTIONPertainstothemovementoflivingthingsfromone
placetoanother,e.g.Walking,flying,swimming,crawlingusing
cilia,pseudopod,flagellaetc.
RESPONSETOSTIMULIThereactionofalivingthingtoa
specificchangeinenvironment,PHOTOTROPISM,
CHEMOTROPISM,THIGMOTROPISMetc.
NUTRITIONReferstothemethod/wayofalivingthingin
obtainingandprocessingoffoodtobeusedasenergy.
(METABOLISM**)
GROWTHTheirreversibleprocessthatreferstotheresultof
nutrition
REPRODUCTIONAcharacteristicthatreferstothecreationof
newlivingbeingsasaperpetuationofthisspecificlifeform
HIERARCHYOFLIFE
BIOSPHERE
ECOSYSTEM

COMMUNITY

POPULATION

SPECIES

BODYSYSTEMS

ORGAN

TISSUE

CELL
ECOLOGY
ECOS+LOGOS
ECOSYSTEMReferstotheinteractionofliving
andnonlivingthingsinaparticulararea.

HABITATAnenvironment;aregionofinterest
whereaspecificspeciesofgroupofspecieslive.

NICHEAspecificwayoflivingofaspeciesina
certainhabitat.
NUTRITION
PRODUCERSLivingthingsthatareableto
makeitsownfood
DETRITIVORESFeedsondecayingmatter
CONSUMERSLivingthingsthatfeedonothers
inordertosurvive
HERBIVORESFeedsongrassandotherplants.
CARNIVOREFeedsonotherlivingthingsthatare
meatbased.
OMNIVORESCanfeedonbothplantsandmeat
basebeings.

PREDATORTheonewhoeatstheprey
PREYTheorganismthatisbeingfedonbytheprey
FOODCHAIN,FOODWEBAND
ENERGYPYRAMID
Showthedifferentrelationofwhofeedsonone
another,andalsodenotesthedifferentenergy
transcribesononefeedingontothenextandso
on.
RELATIONSHIPBETWEENBIOTIC
FACTORS
PREDATIONArelationshipwhereinone
organismfeedsontheother.
MUTUALISMAprocesswhereinboth
organismbenefitsononeanother
COMMENSALISMArelationshipwhereinone
benefitswhiletheotherisnotharmednor
benefitted.
PARASITISMOccurswhenoneorganism
benefitswhiletheotherisharmed
COMPETITIONOccurswhenorganismsbattle
againsteachotherforfoodorotherresource.
TAXONOMY
CarolusLinnaeusFatherofModern
Taxonomy,devisedasystematicnamingof
organismsinhisbookSystemaNaturaeinwhich
theBinomialClassification(Genusspecies)was
implemented
KINGDOM>PHYLUM>CLASS>ORDER

>FAMILY>GENUS>SPECIES

NOTE:InwritingtheScientificName,
GenusspeciesinprintorGenusspeciesifwritten
byhand.
THEFIVEMAJORKINGDOMS

KingdomBacteria
KingdomProtista

KingdomFungi

KingdomPlantae

KingdomAnimalia
KINGDOMBACTERIA
Believedtobethefirstsignsoflifeuponcreation
oftheEarth
Unicellular,sometimesincoloniesoringroups,
prokaryoticbeings.
Descriptions:
Baccillusifrodshaped
Coccusifsphericalshaped
Streptoifinchains
Staphyloifgrowsinclusters
ANEXAMPLEOFABACTERIA(SEM)
KINGDOMPROTISTA
Resultedfrommisidentificationwithother
Kingdoms,iffurtherclassified,willresultto12
Kingdomsallinall
Unicellularorganisms,someareconsumers
whileothercanproducetheirownfood.
DividedintosubKingdoms
PlantlikeProtists
AnimallikeProtists
FunguslikeProtists
KINGDOMFUNGI
Multicellularorganismsthatcannotproduce
theirownfood
Theircellwallsareconsistofchitin

Examples:mushrooms,molds,smuts
KINGDOMPLANTAE
PLANTS,multicellularorganismsthatcan
produceitsownfood.
Classifiedintodifferentgroups
Algae(Red,GreenandBrown)
Bryophyta(Hornworts,LiverwortsandClubMosses)
Tracheophyta(Ferns)
Angiosperms
Gymnosperms
KINGDOMANIMALIA
Multicellularbeingsthatarenotcapableofproducingfood
Classifiedintodifferentgroups:
InvertebratePhylums
Sponges

Cnidarians

Flatworms

Roundworms

Annelids

Mollusks

Arthropods

Echinoderms

VertebratePhylum
Fishes

Reptiles

Amphibians

Birds

Mammals
INVERTEBRATEPHYLUMS
PhylumPorifera
Sponges
Reliesonitspores(oscillum)inordertotransportits
foodandnutrientsviahydrostaticcurrents
 PhylumCnidaria
Has2stagesinitslife,thesessile(immovable)polyp
andthemotilemedussa(jellyfish)
Reliesondiffusionalongitsouterlayer
Pioneeredtheuseofnervenetsinordertorelay
signals(tropism)
 PhylumPlatyhelminthes
Pioneeredtheuseofunidirectionalfeedingvessel
Developedthefirstbrainconnectedwithnervenets
 PhylumNematoda
Developedthedualflowfeedingvessel
Mostlyparasitic
 PhylumMolluska
Pioneeredthefirstheart
OpenCirculatorySystemthebloodisexposedto
someporewhereindiffusionoccursinorderto
exchangegases.
 PhylumAnnelida
DevelopedtheClosedCirculatorySystem,nomore
openingsfordiffusion
Hassegments,thatifcut,canreproduceintoanother
annelid
 PhylumArthropoda
Thelargestofallanimalphylums,with75,000
species
Hasappendagesthatservesascoatandprotection
ClassInsecta,ClassArachnida,ClassCrustacea
 PhylumEchinodermata
Radiallysymmetric
Reliesonitstubularfeetandhydraulicsystem
centeredatitsring(reproduction**)foritsnutrition
PHYLUMVERTEBRATA
ColdBlooded(Ectotherm)
Fishes
Reptiles
Amphibians

WarmBlooded(Endotherm)
Birds
Mammals
 ISANG
MALUPIT
NAQUIZ
1. Thecollectionofalllifeformsisthe________
2. Thedifferencebetweenpopulationandcommunityis_______
3. Showstheenergyobtainedperleveloffeeding_______
4. Arelationshipwhereinonebenefitswhiletheotherisneitherbenefitted
norharmed
5. Thisisanexampleof_____________
6. In5,therelationshipofthefoxandeagleis_____
7. Unicellular,canproduceitsfood________
8. Unicellular,prokaryotic_________
9. Multicellular,cellwallmadeupofchitin_____
10. Multicellular,nocellwall________
11. Multicellular,canproduceitsownfood______
12. Pioneeredtheuseofnervenets________
13. Pioneeredthefirstfeedingsystem______
14. Pioneeredthefirstheart________
15. Hasappendagesforcoatinganddefense_______
16. Radiallysymmetric,hydraulicring______
17. Cannotcontrolitstemperature_________
18. Cancontrolitstemperature___________