PENGANTAR TEKNIK INDUSTRI

(Engineering, Manajemen dan Industri)

Sritomo W
W.Soebroto
Soebroto
Laboratorium Ergonomi & Perancangan Sistem Kerja
Jurusan Teknik Industri - Fakultas Teknologi Industri
Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember
SURABAYA
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Instruksional Objective
Memberikan pemahaman tentang sejarah pertumbuhan
disiplin keilmuan Teknik Industri, logical reasoning
process p
p perkembangannya
g y di masa depan.
p
Memberikan gambaran umum konsep-konsep dasar
dalam disiplin Teknik Industri & Manajemen Industri.
Memberikan konsep dasar, logika berpikir dan metode-
metode yang dipakai dalam disiplin Teknik Industri &
Manajemen Industri.
Memberikan konsep dasar berpikir secara sistemik dan
pola pemecahan masalah secara komprehensif dan
optimal
i l yang menjadi j di ciri
i i disiplin
di i li Teknik
T k ik Industri
I d i &
Manajemen Industri.
Memperkenalkan teknik-teknik peningkatan produktivi-
tas, efektivitas dan efisiensi industri.

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 Agenda
Engineering &
Manajemen
Industri, Manajemen
Industri dan Bisnis
Proses (Pendekatan
CIMOSA)
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Engineers or Managers?
(Teknolog atau Ekonom)

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 Engineering, Mathematicians & Economists?

Engineers solve problems, but so do mathematicians.

Engineers analyze,
l but
b so do
d statisticians andd economists.
Engineers design systems, do others ?
(Wayne C. Turner, et.al. Introduction to Industrial and Systems Engineering, 2003)

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Engineering ?
Ingenium
Ingeniators
Military Engineering >< Civil Engineering

The profession in which a knowledge of

mathematical and natural sciences gained by
study, experience and practice is applied with
judgment to develop ways to utilize, utilize
economically, the materials and forces of
nature for the benefit of mankind

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 Engineering ?
The profession in which a knowledge of the
mathematical and natural sciences gained by study,
experience, and practice is applied with judgment
t develop
to d l ways tto utilize,
tili economically,
i ll th
the materials
t i l
and forces of nature for the benefit of mankind.
(Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology ABET, 1993)

Includes the application of these mathematical and scientific

principles to the planning, design, construction, operation, and
maintenance of products, systems,
y and large
g fixed work that serve
humankind; as such it also includes the management of such
activities, research and development related to such output, and the
education of persons who will be responsible for these myriad
forms of activity.

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Basic Engineering Process

Problem Symptom
(Expression of Need)

Problem Definition
(Statement of Desired Outcome)

Analysis
(Including Experimentation)

Synthesis
Of Alternative Design Solutions

Decision
(selection of the best alternative)

Solution, System,
Product, Process or Method
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 Engineering Process
General activities : (1) Solve problems,
((2)) Analyze
y problems,
p ((3)) Design
g Systems
y
(Synthesis/Creativity/Innovative, etc.).

Analysis : menguraikan persoalan dalam

elemen-elemen dasarnya (detail), dan terkait
dengan existing systems.

Synthesis : kebalikan dari analysis, meng

kombinasikan elemen-elemen menjadi satu
kesatuan sistem yang terintegrasi, dan terkait
dengan new/improved systems.

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Engineering Product Design

Engineering
(By Function)

Engineering Research
Increasing Abstraction

Development
Inncreasing Practically

Design
(Engineering & Industrial Design)

Production, Mfg & Maintenance

Sales, Marketing & Distribution

Commercialization
(Economic)
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 The Engineering Design Process
INPUTS

mics
Engineerring

Engineerring
Technoloogy

Psycholoogy
mics

Aesthettics

Socioloogy

Ecologgy
Sciencce

Sciencce

Ergonom
Econom

Engineering
Design Process A Better World
Needs ? for Us ?
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Skills and Qualities Needed for

Engineering Profession
Good and math skills Quantitative skills
St
Strong time
ti managementt skills
kill Technical competency
Mechanical aptitude Continuous drive for
improvement
Good common sense
Listening skills
A strong desire for
organization and Negotiation skills
efficiency Ability to adapt to
Excellent communi- many environments, wear
cation/ salesmanship many hat and interact
with a diverse ggroup
p of
Creative problem solving individuals
Inquisitive mind Leadership skills
Continuous desire to learn Ethics
Passion for improvement, etc.

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 Engineering VS Management ?
Engineering Management

Engineering Management

Problem terdefinisikan jelas Problem tidak bisa didefinisikan

Sub-sistem material jelas
Penuh dengan faktor/variable Sub-sistem manusia
serba pasti Banyak berhadapan dengan
Asumsi
A ib
berlaku
l k secara f kt / i bl
faktor/variable
kontinyu Asumsi tidak berlaku kontinyu
Data bisa dikembangkan baik Data base tidak lengkap
Keputusan diambil secara Keputusan lebih banyak diambil
analitis berdasarkan intuisi

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Role Differences Between Engineers and Managers

(P. Morrison, Making Managers of Engineers, Journal of Management Engineering, Vol.2, No. 4, 1986)

Position Engineer Manager

1. Focus - More concerned with things - More concerned with people.

technical/scientific.
2. Decision Making - Makes decision with much - Makes decision often with inadequate
i f
information,
ti under
d conditions
diti off iinformation,
f ti under
d conditions
diti off
greater certainty. greater uncertainty.
3. Involvement - Works on tasks and problem - Directs the work of others to goals.
solving personally.
4. Process Outcome - Work based on facts with - Work based on fewer facts, less
quantifiable outcomes. measurable outcomes.
5. Effectiveness - Depends on personal technical - Depends on interpersonal skills in
expertise, attention to detail, communication, conflict management,
mathematical/technical problem getting ideas across, negotiating and
solving and designing. Coaching.
p
6. Dependency y - Experiences
p role as autonomous. - Experiences
p role as interdependent.
p
7. Responsibility Individual accomplishment in one - Many objectives at once, requiring
project, task, or problem at a time. orchestrating a broad range of
variables and organizational entities.
8. Creativity - Creative with products, design, - Creative with people and organizations
and materials.
9. Bottom Line - Will it work? - Will it make/save money for organiza-
tion?

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 Sains, Rekayasa & Teknik Industri

Attributes Sains Rekayasa Teknik Industri

(General Engineering) (Industrial Engineering)

Obyek Sistem Alamiah Sistem Buatan Sistem Integral

(Natural) (Mikro/Makro)

Yang Dihasilkan Teori/Pengetahuan Produk/Proses Nilai Tambah

(Value Added)

Ukuran Kinerja Kebenaran Manfaat Produktivitas,

(Benefits for Mankind) Efektivitas dan Efisiensi

Ukuran Nilai Mutlak Relatif Kontekstual

(absolute)

Diawali/Diakhiri Keingin-Tahuan Kebutuhan/Persoalan Kebutuhan/Persoalan

Dengan : (Curiousity) (Needs & Problems) (Needs & Problems)

Ilmuwan Insinyur Insinyur, Manager &

Profesi
(Scientist) (Engineer) Leader

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Industri?

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 What is Industry?

INDUSTRY is the way of

satisfying our needs and
wants by using the basic
resources of men, materials,
Goods
and money

Services

Profit

Private Enterprise
Free Enterprise WE LIVE IN
Capitalism
AN INDUSTRIAL WORLD
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Labor

Land Capital
Industri

.. industri adalah lokasi (tempat) dimana aktivitas produksi

akan diselenggarakan ..
Aktivitas produksi . sekumpulan aktivitas yang diperlukan
untuk merubah satu kumpulan masukan (inputs) menjadi produk
luaran akhir (finished goods output) yang memiliki nilai tambah
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 Sistem Input-Output Proses Produksi

Proses Produksi
Bl k Box
Black B
Finished
- Formulasi Problem yang Menjadi Goods
Inputs Tanggung-Jawab Profesi
Output
Teknik Industri
- Proses Transformasi (Fisik &
Non-Fisik)
- Proses Nilai Tambah (Fungsi &
Ekonomis)
- Aktivitas Produktif >< Non-Produktif

Waste
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Diagram Sistem Input-Output Proses Produksi

Value Added
(Functional & Economical)

Finished
Goods
Proses Produksi Products
. Material * Factory
. Human * Hospital
. Machines/ * Bank/Insurance Services
Equipment * Transportation/Distribution
* Dan Lain-Lain
. Information
. Energy

Transformation Process Waste,

(Fisik & Non-Fisik) Defects, etc

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 Type of Modern Industry ?
Manufacturing

Services &
Consultation

Distribution & Transportation

Construction Communication &

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Diagram Sistem Industri Environment

Standard
Performance
* Quality
Proses Manajemen * Costs
* Time
Delivery

Finished Goods
Products
. Material
. Human Proses
. Machines/ Produksi Services
Equipment
. Information
. Energy
Waste,
Defects, etc
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Aktivitas Produksi
Ditinjau dari Proses
Aliran Uang

Income Long Term

(Before Tax)
M d l Kerja
Modal K j
(Working Capital) Capital Assets

Dividends Bhn Baku Tenaga Energi Informasi, Capital

Tax Kerja dll (Depresiasi)

Proses Produksi/Operasional
((Proses Konversi Uang
g Menjadi
j Produk yang
y g Memiliki Nilai Tambah))

Finished Goods Product

Proses Distribusi & Pemasaran/Penjualan

(Proses Konversi Produk Menjadi Uang)

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Where are your

manufacturing costs
hiding?

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 Mass Production
is the Key to Industrialization
Henry Ford developer of
Eli Whitney the father of mass
the moving assembly line
production

Interchangeable parts
are exactly alike

Produce more products

in a shorter time period
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GNP
(Gross National Product)

A Device Used to Measure

the Economic Output of a Country

Prices of Prices of
GOODS + SERVICES =
Provided
GNP
Produced

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 PRODUCTIVITY
The Goods and Services Produced by a Country

Productivity May Rise or Fall

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Produktivitas, Unit Costs & Daya Saing

P2 UC1

P C
P1 UC2

t1 t2 t1 t2
1997 2002 1997 2002

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 Four Tasks of Industrial Management
PLANNING
Preparing the Future
Objectives
j and Goals of
the Company

DIRECTING
Supervising the Workers
While They Carry Out
CONTROLLING the Objectives
IInsuring
i That
Th t All O
Operations
ti
and Activities
ORGANIZING
Conform to the Plans Deciding What Activities
Must Be Done to Meet
Established Objectives

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Seven Aspects of Successful Industry

Employees who use
machines and materials to
Tools and equipment make the product
to produce the product Management
Manpower
Plan, Organize, Direct and
Machines Evaluate/Control Industrial Operations

ALL SEVEN ASPECTS

ARE EQUALLY
IMPORTANT AND ESSENTIAL Money

Buys
y facilities & materials
Markets Processes used by and pays employees
employees
to make the product
Where the product
is sold by the industry Materials
Basics from which
Methods products are made

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 Interaksi Proses Perancangan Produk,
Proses Produksi, Proses Pemasaran dan
Aspek Finansial

Finance
Fi

Fund
Request
Product Design
R&D Marketing
Engineering

Budgeting
Customer Needs

Production/
Manufacturing

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Pendekatan Business Process CIMOSA

(Computer Integrated Manufacturing for Open System Architecture)

Manage Process

S Di
Set Direction
i S S
Set Strategy Di
Direct B
Business
i

Core Business Process

Develop
Get Order Fulfill Order Support Product
Product/Service

Human Resources Financial Information Maintenance

Management Accounting Technology Management

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Support Process
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 Pendekatan BP-Cimosa

Manage Process

Core Business Process

Support Process
Support Process

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BP CIMOSA
CBP : Develop Product/Sevices

St
Strategi
t i perancangan dan d pengembangan
b
produk
Memahami pentingnya voice of customer dan
menterjemahkannya ke dalam parameter -
parameter teknis dalam rancangan produk (QFD
Methods).
Tahapan-tahapan perancangan produk dari
tahap pencarian ide, konsep sampai dengan
tahap komersialisasi.

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 BP CIMOSA
CBP : Get Order

Strategi pemasaran
Manajemen pemasaran
Sigi pasar sebagai bagian dari strategi
pemasaran

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BP CIMOSA
CBP : Fulfill Order

Pengenalan berbagai macam proses dan

sistem produksi
Teknik tata cara dan pengukuran kerja
Perencanaan fasilitas dan kapasitas produksi
Perencanaan dan pengendalian produksi/
operasional
i l
Strategi perencanaan Supply Chain
Teknik-teknik optimasi (operation research)
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 BP CIMOSA
CBP : Support Product

Customer service & satisfaction

Customer relation management

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BP CIMOSA
SP : Human Resources Management

Organisasi dan management industri

Manajemen SDM

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 BP CIMOSA
SP : Financial & Accounting

Analisa biaya
Analisa ekonomi teknik
Manajemen keuangan

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BP CIMOSA
SP : Information Technology

Peranan teknologi informasi dalam

mendukung proses produksi
Strategi implementasi teknologi
informasi di industri

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 BP CIMOSA
SP : Maintenance Management

Peranan maintenance management

dalam proses produksi
Reliability engineering
Implementasi maintenance management

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 Tugas # 1
Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan proses nilai tambah (added
value) itu? Jelaskan dengan beberapa contoh (masing-masing
minimal tiga) yang bisa dijumpai di sebuah industri manufaktur
dan/atau jasa (service).

Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan produktivitas itu? Apa kaitannya

produktivitas sebuah negara dengan kemampuan daya saing yang
bisa diberikan dalam konteks persaingan global? Jelaskan jawaban
saudara. Bagaimana pengamatan saudara mengenai kemampuan
daya saing industri nasional kita?

Industrial & Management engineer is synonymous with systems

integrator ( a big picture thinker, in other words). Its an employee
who takes what exists today and conceptualizes what exist in the
future). Jelaskan apa yang dimaksudkan dengan kalimat tersebut
diatas dan kompetensi apa yang bisa digunakan untuk mendukung
peran tersebut diatas?
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