UTILIZATION Drosophila

AS A TEST ORGANISM OF GENETIC

By :
Name : Anisatul Khabibah Zaen
SID : B1B015003
Group : VI
Subgroup :6
Assistance : Zeihan Aziiza

PRACTICAL REPORT OF GENETIC

MINISTRY OF RESEARCH, TECHNOLOGY AND HIGHER EDUCATION

JENDERAL SOEDIRMAN UNIVERSITY
FACULTY OF BIOLOGY
PURWOKERTO

2016
 RESULT AND DISCUSSION

A. RESULT

1. Observation of Drosophila melanogaster

NO Male Female
1 Small size body Large size body
2 Abdomen posterior looks Abdomen posterior looks not
compact and darker compact and lighter
3 Have sex comb No sex comb
4 The tip of posterior is duller Posterior tip most pointed
5 Less abdominal segment More abdominal segment
6 No sperm sac Have sperm sac

2. Morphology figure of Drosophila melanogaster

Figure 1. The Mutant of Drosophila Figure 2. The Wild Type of Drosophila

(White Eyes, Dumpy and Ebony) (Male and Female)
B. DISCUSSION

This practical class using the Drosophila melanogaster as a animal

test in this practical class because it has several beneficial properties, such as
easy to obtain, easy to maintain, easy to observe, can multiply rapidly, and
produce offspring in large quantities at any time of reproduction. Besides the
size of the chromosomes are large and the number of chromosome are only four
pairs. Species of Drosophila expecially Drosophila melanogaster has a lot of
mutant type so allowing multiple experiment on the pattern of inheritance, while
the wild type so easily obtained by placing a trap food in the form of fruit that is
inserted into the bottle.
Some types of mutant in the Drosophila melanogaster are ebony,
white eyes, purple, eyes bar, and dumpy that each of them has abnormal
chromosome. The first of chromosome is referred to as the sex chromosomes,
while the chromosomes number 2,3 and 4 referred to as bodys chromosomes.
in ebony tipe have red eyes and black body, caused by a mutation on
chromosome number 3. In white eyes have white eye colour, cused by a
mutation on chromosome number 1. Type dumpy have abnormal chromosome
number 2 cause these flies have wings 2/3 of the normal wing. Eye bar type
have mutation on chromosome number 1 so this fly has slanted eyes. Whereas
the purple eye type have an abnormal chromosome number 1.
The life cycle of the Drosophila melanogaster relatively short. The
cycle consist of egg stage (24 hours). The nesting period lasts for one week.
Then it will develop into larvae, larval stage lasts one week, larvae undergo
change the skin called istar stage, larva have three instar stages. The next stage
pupae will be pupae that have a hard cuticle in 5 days. And the last stage after
pupae undergo imago, the flies mature female genital reached within 12-18
hours and survive for 26 hours.
The differences between male and female flies is distinguished from
morphological characteristics of the body size of the female flies are larger than
male flies. Posterior abdominal part of male flies looks compact and darker than
female flies. Male flies have blunt posterior tip, while the female flies more
pointed. Male flies have a sex comb but in female flies no sex comb. Female
flies have abdominal segents more than male flies. Female flies have sperm sac
that hold the remaining sperm from male flies.
Isolation virgin female performed by moving the pupae into a
transparent straws using a stick carefully, then close two ends of the straw with a
foam. Then choose the dark pupa, it indicates that the pupae is not empty. Then
closure of two tip of the straw with a facilitate air circulation in order need
respiration. The purpose of female virgin isolation is to get a female virgin
females that have not been fertilized by other male flies. This individuals are
needed for crossing between two different strains. Female flies can store sperm
with sperm sac in a long period of time so that female flies must be a virgin
females.
In this practical class, obtained that pupae hatch two days after the
practical class is on Sunday, October 8th 2016. Drosophila melanogaster that
hatch is female because the posterior part is more pointed. But on Thursday,
October 13th 2016 the fly was dead. This can be caused due an error in placing
pupae in a less appropriate or shocks that cause thae pupae die. The light
intensity and temperature also can caused development of Drosophila
melanogaster. There is accordance with Shorrocks (1972) that the factors
affecting the growth of Drosophila cycle consist of :
1. Environmental temperature
Drosophila cycle occur during 8-11 days in ideal condition with
temperature around 25-28 C.
2. Availability of Food
The egg number of Drosophila will decrease if the food shortage.
3. Density Bottle Maintenance
Bottles medium sould be filled with enough fruit and not too dense. In
addition, the fruit flies are be cultivated in the bottle should not be too
many.
4. Light Intensity
Drosophila is more like a dim light and will experience slower growth
while in a dark place.
 CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

A. CONCLUSION

1. This practical class use Drosophila melanogaster because its more easy to
observe.
2. Subculture used to update the nutririon, rejuvenate flies and for flies
reproduce.
3. Some of differences in male and female Drosophila melanogaster are the
body size, compactness and posterior abdominal colour, presence of sex
comb, the shape of abdominal tip, lots of body segments and presence of
sperm sac.
4. The function of female virgin isolation is to obtain females that never been
fertilized by male flies.

B. SUGGESTION

For the next practical class maybe can be more on time.

 REFERENCE

Shorrocks, B. 1972. Drosophila . London: Ginn & Company Limited.