AdministracinBsicadeOracle9i

PRACTICASTEMA1.
ARQUITECTURADELABASEDEDATOS.

1.1.ComprobarlasvariablesdeentornonecesariasparaconectarnosalaBD.

1.2.Identificarlosprocesosquecomponeninstancia.

1.3.VereltamaodelaSGAdelaBD.

1.4.ComprobarvaloresdeparmetrosdelinitrelacionadosconeltamaodelaSGA.

1.5.ComprobarficherosquecomponenlaBDyubicarlosenlaestructuraOFA.

1.6.IdentificarlaestructuralgicadelaBD:tablespaces,segmentos,extensiones.

1.7.Consultarinformacinsobrelabasededatos(v$database)ylainstancia(v$instance).

1.8.Localizarelprocesoservidorasociadoamisesin(v$processyv$session).Esunservidordedicadoocompartido?

1.9.CuantoocupalaDictionarycacheylaLibrarycacheentuBD?(v$sgastat)

1.10.VerlaactividaddelaLibraryCache(v$librarycache).

1.11.VerlassentenciasSQLqueguardalaSharedPool(v$sqlarea).

1.12.Crearunficherodeautenticacinyactivarsuuso.

1.13.QuocurresiquitamoslavariableLD_LIBRARY_PATH?

1.14.AsignarlavariableNLS_LANGparanuestropasycomprobarelcambioenlasrespuestasdeOracledesdesqlplus.

1.15.Subireltamaodelasharedpoolde12a14Mycomprobarcmoaumentaelespaciolibre.

1.16.Comprobarelfuncionamientodelacachderedolog,comoprotectoradelcontenidodelacachdedatos.

1.17.Comprobarelfuncionamientodelacachdedatos,enloqueserefierealamejoradelrendimientocuandoserepiteuna
consulta.

Recursos.
Mquina:cursos.atica.um.es
Usuariounix:curso51acurso70
Conexinmquinaunix:sshconSecureShell
Basesdedatos:CURSO51aCURSO70
Conexinabd:sqlplusdesdesesinunix,usuario/assysdba

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 AdministracinBsicadeOracle9i

Enprimerlugar,siyanoloest,hayquearrancarlabasededatos.Enelejemplovemoselarranquedelabasede
datosCURSOxy,desdeelusuariocurso01deLinux:
/home/CURSO/curso01(CURSOxy)>sqlplus
SQL*Plus:Release9.2.0.1.0ProductiononWedOct2012:39:052004
Copyright(c)1982,2002,OracleCorporation.Allrightsreserved.
Enterusername:/assysdba
Connectedtoanidleinstance.

SQL>startup
ORACLEinstancestarted.
TotalSystemGlobalArea34148352bytes
FixedSize450560bytes
VariableSize29360128bytes
DatabaseBuffers4194304bytes
RedoBuffers143360bytes
Databasemounted.
Databaseopened.

1.1.ComprobarlaasignacindevariablesdeentornonecesariasparaconectarnosalaBD.

Setratadelasvariables$ORACLE_HOME,$ORACLE_SID,$LD_LIBRARY_PATHy$PATH.
Nota:sinoasignamosLD_LIBRARY_PATHenLinux,esposiblequenopodamosejecutarsqlplus,obteniendoun
errorsimilara:
sqlplus: error while loading shared libraries: libclntsh.so: cannot open shared
object file: No such file or directory

Sinosucedeelerroresposiblequenosehayacompiladoconlibrerascompartidas,oqueelsistematengaacceso
adichaslibrerasdeotromodo,como/etc/ld.so.confounenlaceen/usr/lib,etc.

Solucin:
/home/CURSO/curso01(CURSOxy)>echo$ORACLE_HOME
/u01/app/oracle/product/9.2.0.1.0
/home/CURSO/curso01(CURSOxy)>echo$ORACLE_SID
CURSO01
/home/CURSO/curso01(CURSOxy)>echo$PATH
/u01/app/oracle/product/9.2.0.1.0/bin:/usr/kerberos/bin:/usr/local/bin:/bin:/usr/bin:
/usr/X11R6/bin:/home/CURSO/curso02/bin
/home/CURSO/curso01(CURSOxy)>echo$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
/u01/app/oracle/product/9.2.0.1.0/lib

1.2.Identificarlosprocesosquecomponeninstancia.

LospodemosidentificardesdeelS.O.,porejemplo,enUnixconelcomando"psef"quepermitevertodoslos
procesosenejecucinenelsistema,filtrandoporelnombredelainstanciadeBD:

psef|grepcurso01

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 AdministracinBsicadeOracle9i

TambinlopodemoshacerconsultandolavistadinmicaV$PROCESS(odirectamenteenV$BGPROCESS),enla
BDencuestin:

select*fromv$processwherebackgroundisnotnull;

obien

select*fromv$processa,v$bgprocessbwherea.ADDR=b.PADDR;

Solucin:
/home/CURSO/curso01(CURSOxy)>psef|grepCURSOxy
oracle302051009:32?00:00:00ora_pmon_CURSOxy
oracle302071009:32?00:00:00ora_dbw0_CURSOxy
oracle302091009:32?00:00:00ora_lgwr_CURSOxy
oracle302111009:32?00:00:00ora_ckpt_CURSOxy
oracle302131009:32?00:00:00ora_smon_CURSOxy
oracle302151009:32?00:00:00ora_reco_CURSOxy
curso013052830492012:58pts/1100:00:00grepCURSOxy

SQL>selectusername,programfromv$process
wherebackgroundisnotnull;
USERNAMEPROGRAM

curso01oracle@cursos.atica.um.es(PMON)
curso01oracle@cursos.atica.um.es(DBW0)
curso01oracle@cursos.atica.um.es(LGWR)
curso01oracle@cursos.atica.um.es(CKPT)
curso01oracle@cursos.atica.um.es(SMON)
curso01oracle@cursos.atica.um.es(RECO)
6rowsselected.

SQL>selectname,descriptionfromv$processa,v$bgprocessb
wherea.ADDR=b.PADDR;
NAMEDESCRIPTION

PMONprocesscleanup
DBW0dbwriterprocess0
LGWRRedoetc.
CKPTcheckpoint
SMONSystemMonitorProcess
RECOdistributedrecovery
6rowsselected.

1.3.VereltamaodelaSGAdelaBD.

HaydosvistasdinmicasdelaBDquenosdaninformacinsobreeltamaoylaestructuradelaSGA:V$SGAy
V$SGASTAT.

select*fromv$sga;
select*fromv$sgastat;

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Solucin:
SQL>select*fromv$sga;
NAMEVALUE

FixedSize450560
VariableSize29360128
DatabaseBuffers4194304
RedoBuffers143360

SQL>select*fromv$sgastat;
POOLNAMEBYTES

fixed_sga450560
buffer_cache4194304
log_buffer133120
...
sharedpoolsqlarea2343928
...
sharedpoolfreememory5534064
sharedpoolPL/SQLDIANA406632
sharedpoolPL/SQLMPCODE43652
sharedpoollibrarycache1834420
...
sharedpooldictionarycache1610880
...
41rowsselected.

SQL>select*fromv$sgastat
wherenamein('librarycache','dictionarycache','sqlarea',
'buffer_cache','log_buffer');
POOLNAMEBYTES

buffer_cache4194304
log_buffer133120
sharedpoolsqlarea2343928
sharedpoollibrarycache1834420
sharedpooldictionarycache1610880

1.4.ComprobarvaloresdeparmetrosdelinitrelacionadosconeltamaodelaSGA.

LosparmetrosdeinicializacinmsimportantesqueafectanaltamaodelaSGAson:shared_pool_size,
db_cache_size,db_block_size,log_buffer,large_pool_sizeyjava_pool_size.

Solucin:
SQL>showparametershared_pool_size
NAMETYPEVALUE

shared_pool_sizebiginteger12582912

SQL>showparameterdb_cache_size
NAMETYPEVALUE

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 AdministracinBsicadeOracle9i

db_cache_sizebiginteger4194304

SQL>showparameterdb_block_size
NAMETYPEVALUE

db_block_sizeinteger2048

SQL>showparameterlog_buffer
NAMETYPEVALUE

log_bufferinteger1048576

SQL>showparameterlarge_pool_size
NAMETYPEVALUE

large_pool_sizebiginteger0

SQL>showparameterjava_pool_size
NAMETYPEVALUE

java_pool_sizebiginteger0

1.5.ComprobarficherosquecomponenlaBDyubicarlosenlaestructuraOFA.

LosficherosquecomponenlaBDlospodemosconsultardesdeelpropioS.O.odesdelaBD.DesdeelS.O.,y
teniendoencuentalaestructuraOFAlosencontraremosen/u0?/oradata/CURSOxy,dadoquenuestrospuntosde
montajeson/u01,/u02,/u03y/u04:

lsl/u0?/oradata/CURSOxy

Podemoslocalizarcadatipodefichero(datafile,controlyredolog)porlaextensin;porejemplo:dbf,ctlylog.
Ojo!!!,stonoesmsqueunaconvencin,lasextensionespuedenserotras,oinclusonoexistir.

OtraopcinesaccederalainformacindelosficherosdecontroldesdelapropiaBD,consultandolasvistas
dinmicasV$DATAFILE,V$TEMPFILE,V$CONTROLFILEyV$LOGFILE:

select*fromv$datafile;
select*fromv$tempfile;
select*fromv$logfile;
select*fromv$controlfile;

Solucin:
/home/CURSO/curso01(CURSOxy)>lsl/u0?/oradata/$ORACLE_SID
/u02/oradata/CURSOxy:
total269892
rwrw1oracle9dba3459072sep1913:44control1.ctl
rwrw1oracle9dba272631808sep1913:16system01.dbf

/u03/oradata/CURSOxy:
total23968

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rwrw1oracle9dba3459072sep1913:44control2.ctl
rwrw1oracle9dba10487808sep1112:51temp01.dbf
rwrw1oracle9dba20973568sep1913:36undo_rbs01.dbf

/u04/oradata/CURSOxy:
total30780
rwrw1oracle9dba10486272sep1913:41redo01.log
rwrw1oracle9dba10486272sep1910:58redo02.log
rwrw1oracle9dba10486272sep1910:58redo03.log

SQL>selectnamefromv$datafile;
NAME

/u02/oradata/CURSOxy/system01.dbf
/u03/oradata/CURSOxy/undo_rbs01.dbf

SQL>selectnamefromv$tempfile;
NAME

/u03/oradata/CURSOxy/temp01.dbf

SQL>selectmemberfromv$logfile;
MEMBER

/u04/oradata/CURSOxy/redo01.log
/u04/oradata/CURSOxy/redo02.log
/u04/oradata/CURSOxy/redo03.log

SQL>selectnamefromv$controlfile;
NAME

/u02/oradata/CURSOxy/control1.ctl
/u03/oradata/CURSOxy/control2.ctl

1.6.IdentificarlaestructuralgicadelaBD:tablespaces,segmentos,extensiones.

EnelDDdelaBDtenemosvistasquenospermitencomprobarlaestructuralgicadelaBD:DBA_TABLESPACES,
DBA_DATA_FILES,DBA_SEGMENTSyDBA_EXTENTS.

select*fromdba_tablespaces;
select*fromdba_datafiles;
select*fromdba_tempfiles;
select*fromdba_segments;
select*fromdba_extents;

Solucin:

SQL>selecttablespace_namefromdba_tablespaces
orderbytablespace_name;
TABLESPACE_NAME

SYSTEM
TEMP
UNDO_RBS

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 AdministracinBsicadeOracle9i

SQL>selecttablespace_name,file_namefromdba_data_files
orderbytablespace_name,file_name;
TABLESPACE_NAME

FILE_NAME

SYSTEM
/u02/oradata/CURSOxy/system01.dbf

UNDO_RBS
/u03/oradata/CURSOxy/undo_rbs01.dbf

SQL>selecttablespace_name,file_namefromdba_temp_files
orderbytablespace_name,file_name;
TABLESPACE_NAME

FILE_NAME

TEMP
/u03/oradata/CURSOxy/temp01.dbf

SQL>selecttablespace_name,segment_type,count(*)segmentos
fromdba_segments
groupbytablespace_name,segment_type;
TABLESPACE_NAMESEGMENT_TYPESEGMENTOS

SYSTEMCACHE1
SYSTEMINDEX442
SYSTEMTABLE369
SYSTEMCLUSTER10
SYSTEMLOBINDEX49
SYSTEMROLLBACK1
SYSTEMLOBSEGMENT49
SYSTEMINDEXPARTITION24
SYSTEMTABLEPARTITION27
UNDO_RBSTYPE2UNDO5
10rowsselected.

SQL>selecttablespace_name,segment_type,count(*)
fromdba_extents
groupbytablespace_name,segment_type;
TABLESPACE_NAMESEGMENT_TYPEEXTENSIONES

SYSTEMCACHE1
SYSTEMINDEX605
SYSTEMTABLE750
SYSTEMCLUSTER51
SYSTEMLOBINDEX49
SYSTEMROLLBACK27
SYSTEMLOBSEGMENT60
SYSTEMINDEXPARTITION24
SYSTEMTABLEPARTITION27
UNDO_RBSTYPE2UNDO10
10rowsselected.

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 AdministracinBsicadeOracle9i

1.7.Consultarinformacinsobrelabasededatos(v$database)ylainstancia(v$instance).

Podemosobtenerinformacindelabasededatosydelainstancia,delasvistasV$DATABASEyV$INSTANCE,
respectivamente.

Solucin:

SQL> select name,created,log_mode,checkpoint_change#,open_mode from

v$database;
NAME CREATED LOG_MODE CHECKPOINT_CHANGE# OPEN_MODE
--------- --------- ------------ ------------------ ----------
CURSOxy 13-AUG-04 NOARCHIVELOG 753958 READ WRITE

SQL> select instance_name,host_name,version,startup_time,

status,archiver,logins,database_status from v$instance;
INSTANCE_NAME
----------------
HOST_NAME
----------------------------------------------------------------
VERSION STARTUP_T STATUS ARCHIVE LOGINS DATABASE_STATUS
----------------- --------- ------------ ------- ---------- -----------------
CURSOxy
cursos.atica.um.es
9.2.0.6.0 20-OCT-04 OPEN STOPPED ALLOWED ACTIVE

1.8.Localizarelprocesoservidorasociadoamisesin(v$processyv$session).Esun
servidordedicadoocompartido?

Todasesintienedosvertientes:clienteyservidor.Enelclientetenemoselprocesodeusuarioqueinicialasesin
yenelservidordebasededatostendremoselprocesoquesirvelaspeticionesdedichasesin;quepuedeserun
servidordedicadoocompartido.EnlasvistasV$SESSIONyV$PROCESStenemostodalainformacinrelativaa
sesionesyprocesos,respectivamente.

Solucin:
SQL> show user
USER is "SYSTEM"
SQL> select a.SERVER, a.username dbuser,a.OSUSER, a.PROCESS user_process,
a.machine, a.terminal, a.program user_program,
b.spid server_process, b.program server_program
from v$session a, v$process b
where a.username=USER and a.PADDR=b.ADDR;
SERVER DBUSER OSUSER
--------- ------------------------------ ------------------------------
USER_PROCESS MACHINE
------------ ----------------------------------------------------------------
TERMINAL USER_PROGRAM
------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------
SERVER_PROCE SERVER_PROGRAM
------------ ------------------------------------------------
DEDICATED SYSTEM curso01

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 AdministracinBsicadeOracle9i

30580 cursos.atica.um.es
pts/11 sqlplus@cursos.atica.um.es (TNS V1-V3)
30581 oracle@cursos.atica.um.es (TNS V1-V3)

SQL> !ps -fp 30581

UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
oracle 30581 30580 0 13:36 ? 00:00:01 oracleCURSOxy
(DESCRIPTION=(LOCAL=YES)(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=beq))

ElprocesoservidorasociadoamisesinesunservidorDEDICADO.

1.9.CuantoocupalaDictionarycacheylaLibrarycacheentuBD?(v$sgastat)

EnlavistaV$SGASTAThayinformacindetalladasobrelaspartesdelaSGA.

Solucin:

SQL> select * from v$sgastat where name like '%cache';

POOL NAME BYTES
----------- -------------------------- ----------
buffer_cache 4194304
shared pool library cache 1567084
shared pool dictionary cache 1610880

1.10.VerlaactividaddelaLibraryCache(v$librarycache).

EnlavistaV$LIBRARYCACHEpodemosverlosratios(entantosporuno).

Solucin:

SQL> select namespace,gethitratio from v$librarycache;

NAMESPACE GETHITRATIO
--------------- -----------
SQL AREA .806060606
TABLE/PROCEDURE .713888889
BODY 0
TRIGGER 1
INDEX .46969697
CLUSTER .953020134
OBJECT 1
PIPE 1
JAVA SOURCE 1
JAVA RESOURCE 1
JAVA DATA 1
11 rows selected.

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 AdministracinBsicadeOracle9i

1.11.VerlassentenciasSQLqueguardalaSharedPool(v$sqlarea).

EnlavistaV$SQLAREAtenemoselcontenidodelreaSQLdelasharedpool.

Solucin:

SQL> select sql_text from v$sqlarea;

SQL_TEXT
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
commit
ALTER DATABASE OPEN
grant sysdba to system
ALTER DATABASE MOUNT
SELECT USER FROM DUAL
select o.owner#,o.obj#,decode(o.linkname,null, decode(u.name,null,'SYS',u.name),
o.remoteowner), o.name,o.linkname,o.namespace,o.subname from user$ u, obj$ o whe
re u.user#(+)=o.owner# and o.type#=:1 and not exists (select p_obj# from depende
ncy$ where p_obj# = o.obj#) for update
...

1.12.Crearelficherodeautenticacinyactivarlo(orapwd).

Lospasosaseguirson:
Crearficheroen$ORACLE_HOME/dbsconlautilidadorapwd(siyaexisteyqueremosvolveracrearlo,le
cambiamoselnombre).
Aadirelparmetroremote_login_passwordfilealinit.ora.
PararyarrancarlaBD.

Solucin:
$ orapwd file=$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapwCURSOxy password=miclave entries=5
$ chmod g+w $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapwCURSOxy

$ echo "remote_login_passwordfile=EXCLUSIVE" >>

/u01/app/oracle/admin/CURSOxy/pfile/initCURSOxy.ora
$ echo >> /u01/app/oracle/admin/CURSOxy/pfile/initCURSOxy.ora

SQL> CONNECT / AS SYSDBA

SQL> SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE
SQL> exit

SQL> CONNECT SYS AS SYSDBA

Enter password: miclave
SQL> STARTUP

SQL> connect sys@curso70 as sysdba

Enter password:
Connected.

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 AdministracinBsicadeOracle9i

1.13.QuocurresiquitamoslavariableLD_LIBRARY_PATH?

Comprobarsuvalorydejarlaenblanco.
Ejecutarsqlplus.
Volveraasignarelvalororiginalyejecutardenuevosqlplus.

Solucin:
$ echo $LD_LIBRARY_PATH
/u01/app/oracle/product/9.2.0.1.0/lib
$ unset LD_LIBRARY_PATH
$ sqlplus
sqlplus: error while loading shared libraries: libclntsh.so: cannot open shared
object file: No such file or directory
$ export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/u01/app/oracle/product/9.2.0.1.0/lib
$ sqlplus /nolog
SQL*Plus: Release 9.2.0.1.0 - Production on Wed Feb 2 10:18:27 2005
Copyright (c) 1982, 2002, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.
SQL>

1.14.AsignarlavariableNLS_LANGparanuestropasycomprobarelcambioenlasrespuestasdeOracle
desdesqlplus.

ComprobarelvalordeNLS_LANGyverlafechadelsistemadesdesqlplus.
Salirdesqlplusyasignarspanish_spainaNLS_LANG.
Ejecutarsqlplusycomprobarquepideusuarioynousername.
Comprobardenuevolafechadelsistemadesdesqlplusyverificarelcambiodeformato.

Solucin:
$ echo $NLS_LANG

$ sqlplus
Enter user-name: / as sysdba
SQL> select sysdate from dual;
SYSDATE
---------
02-FEB-05
SQL> exit

$ export NLS_LANG=spanish_spain
$ sqlplus
Introduzca el nombre de usuario: / as sysdba
SQL> select sysdate from dual;
SYSDATE
--------
02/02/05
SQL> exit

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 AdministracinBsicadeOracle9i

1.15.Subireltamaodelasharedpoolde12a14Mycomprobarcmoaumentaelespacio
libre.

Comprobarelvalordeshared_pool_size,ascomoelespaciolibreenlashared_pool.
Asignarle14Myvolveracomprobarelvalordelparmetro,ascomoelespaciolibrequetieneahoralashared
pool.
Finalmente,volveradejarlasharedpoolcon12Mycomprobardenuevolosvaloresanteriores.

Solucin:
SQL> show parameter shared_pool_size
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
shared_pool_size big integer 12582912

SQL> select sum(bytes) from v$sgastat where pool='shared pool' and name like
'%free%';
SUM(BYTES)
----------
10592332

SQL> alter system set shared_pool_size=14M;

System altered.

SQL> show parameter shared_pool_size

NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
shared_pool_size big integer 16777216

SQL> select sum(bytes) from v$sgastat where pool='shared pool' and name like
'%free%';
SUM(BYTES)
----------
14739172

SQL> alter system set shared_pool_size=12M;

System altered.

SQL> show parameter shared_pool_size

NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
shared_pool_size big integer 12582912

SQL> select sum(bytes) from v$sgastat where pool='shared pool' and name like
'%free%';
SUM(BYTES)
----------
10544868

1.16.Comprobarelfuncionamientodelacachderedolog,comoprotectoradelcontenidodelacachde
datos.ParaelloiniciaremosunatransaccinyprovocaremosunacadadelaBD,comprobandoqueal
arrancarladenuevo,semantendrlaintegridaddelamisma.

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 AdministracinBsicadeOracle9i

ConsultarelcontenidoylaestructuradelatablaBORRAMEdelusuarioSYSTEM.
InsertarunafilasinhacercommityforzarlacadadelaBD.
ArrancardenuevolaBDycomprobarquelafilainsertadanoest(puesnosehizocommit).
Repetirlainsercindelafila,estavezhaciendocommit;yforzarlacadadelaBDotravez.
ArrancarlaBDunavezmsycomprobarqueahoralafilasiest(yaquesevalidlatransaccinconcommit).

Solucin:
SQL> connect system
Enter password:
Connected.

SQL> create tablespace users datafile '/u02/oradata/CURSOxy/users01.dbf' size 1M

autoextend on next 1M maxsize 4M;
Tablespace created.

SQL> create table system.borrame (c1 varchar2(10)) tablespace users;

Table created.

SQL> insert into system.borrame values ('Primera');

1 row created.

SQL> commit;
Commit complete.

SQL> select * from system.borrame;

C1
----------
Primera

SQL> desc system.borrame

Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
C1 VARCHAR2(10)

SQL> insert into system.borrame values ('Segunda');

1 row created.

SQL> select * from system.borrame;

C1
----------
Primera
Segunda

SQL> shutdown abort

ORACLE instance shut down.

SQL> connect / as sysdba

Connected to an idle instance.

SQL> startup
...
Database opened.
SQL> select * from system.borrame;
C1
----------
Primera

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 AdministracinBsicadeOracle9i

SQL> insert into system.borrame values ('Segunda');

1 row created.

SQL> commit;
Commit complete.

SQL> select * from system.borrame;

C1
----------
Primera
Segunda

SQL> shutdown abort

ORACLE instance shut down.

SQL> connect / as sysdba

Connected to an idle instance.

SQL> startup
...
Database opened.

SQL> select * from system.borrame;

C1
----------
Primera
Segunda

1.17.Comprobarelfuncionamientodelacachdedatos,enloqueserefierealamejoradelrendimiento
cuandoserepiteunaconsulta.Porqulasegundavezqueselanzalamismaconsultatardamenos?

ActivarlamedicindetiemposensqlplusconSETTIMINGON.
LanzarlaconsultaSELECTCOUNT(*)FROMIDL_UB1$.
Volveralanzarlamismaconsulta.
Comprobarquelasegundaejecucintardamuchomenos,yaquelosdatosyasecargaronenlacachdedatos
allanzarlalaprimeravez;yportantoseaccedendirectamenteenmemoriaynoendisco.

Solucin:
SQL> set timing on
SQL> select count(*) from IDL_UB1$;
COUNT(*)
----------
3798
Elapsed: 00:00:02.65

SQL> r
COUNT(*)
----------
3798
Elapsed: 00:00:00.05

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