SimplyLeart.com NOTES ANIMAL MORPHO. 4. The common In 1n earthworm, Pheretima posthuma belong to the class oligochaeta of the phylum Annelida. It is found in every part of the world. It lives in damp soil and burrow in lawns, fields, garden etc rich in humus, Earthworms is nocturnal i., active during night, 2. Body is cylindrical, bilaterally symmetrical elongated with metameric segmentation. Earthworm shows both external and internal segme| 5. Nephridiopores o all segments except the first six. Clitellar segm: nephridipores per segment, so called forest of Spermathecal pores in the intersegmet (4 pairs). Female genital pore midventi pores ventro-laterally (1p: 7. Male genital papillae are pi 8. All segments except the firs F segment contain setae (perichaetine arrangement). Set ped, yellowish and chitinus, 480-120 segment. si \uSetes help in locomotion. 9. The alimentary car within tube ttestine is divided into three region — fegion, post typhlosolar region. Intestinal and extend forward upto segments 22 and 23. 11. Earthworms are omniybfous, undigested particles as faeces are called as of earthworm is closed type. Blood is red in colour, respiratory pigment haemoglobin is dissolved in the blood plasma 413. Important transverse vessels in first 13 segments are Lateral hearts (Segments 7 and 9), Anterior loops (segments 10 and 11} and, Lateral ‘oesophageal hearts (segments 12 and 13). 414. Blood glands are three in number and present en 4x, Su and 6a segments. ‘These produce blood cells and haemoglobin. 415. Earthworm respires, but has no respiratory organs, exchange of gases takes place through moist skin. The absorptive area of earthworm is more thanSimplyLearnt.com NOTES its volume, so earthworm does not require any respiratory organ. Ifthe skin of the earthworm dries, it cannot respire. It dies due to asphyxia. 16. Excretory organs of earthworm are segmental nephridia ectodermal in origin, analogous to vertebrate kidney. {i) Pharyngeal nephridia are situated in the segments 4, 5 and 6. Integumentary nephridia are scattered in the body wall. They are smallest, V-shaped without nephrostome and are exonephrictype. Septal nephridia are the largest, attached to both facees of each itersegment septum behind 15 segment. 17. Earthworm has a wall developed nervous system; it has a br; head. Brain lies above pharynx, made up of 2 pair of supraph; (cerebral) ganglia. due to protandrous condition. 19. In earthworm reproductive system consist of, Male organs- __Testesto pairs Seminal vesicles Accessory gland Genital papillae Female organs (segment 13} (segment 14) (segments 6, 7, 8, 9) 20. spermatheca ar intersegmental gro isin cocoon. Cocoons are formedSimplyLearnt.com NOTES COCKROACH [Periplaneta americana 22. Cockroach belong to the class insecta of the phylum Arthropoda. 23. Two species of cockroaches commonly found in India are Periplaneta Americana and Blatta orientals. Periplaneta Americana is the largest and most common specias. The genaric name periplaneta was given by Burmeister in 1838. 24. Body Is divided into head, thorax and abdomen, Head Is derived by the fusion of six embryonic segments, 25. The thorax consists of three segments-prothorax, mesothorax metathorax, Thorax bears three pairs of jointed appendages an ‘of wings on mesathorax and metathorax. 26. Mouthpatts of cockroaches are mandibulate type or c\ type. 27. Each leg is formed by five segments, viz, coxa, tr tarsus (tarsus is made by five tarsomeres). 28. In adult cockroach abdomen is made up of stage eleven segments are present, The 11 segr represented in adult by podical plates. 29. In male cockroach, eighth and nin ‘tergum. In female seventh, eighth and brood pouch. Seventh stermu’ gynavalvular plates. 30. Anal cerci bear minute sen: vibrations. 31. Anal styles, a p sternite of Su segmer pairs 32. Cockroa, ¢ first pair (mesothoracic] are thick, hard and in callad tegmina (= elytra). Second pair (met i 1d membranous. ach ¥s a haemocoel, filled with blood, 34, The alimentary canal of ockroach is divisible into three parts, viz, foregut, midgut and hind; 35. At the junctio! fegut and midgut seven or eight finger like structure are present called hepatic caecae. 36. Circulatory system in cockroach is of open type or launar type. In this type blood is always in direct contact with tissues. The blood flow through haemocoelic system 37. The heart is situated in pericardial sinus aver the dorsal diaphragm. 38. Heart of cockroach is neurogenic and longitudinally beaded with 13, chambers perforated by ostia having valves.