CHAPTER 1: ROLE OF METHODS

For Additional Learning

Applying the concepts about methods learned, answer the following:

1. When do you consider yourself actually teaching the days lesson? Prove your
answer.
2. Have you tried asking your co-teacher to suggest a method for the topic you are
supposed to teach? Cite advantages and disadvantages.
3. Suppose you decide on a method which will need equipment but which is not
available at the time. What will you do?
4. From your own daily experiences, why is a well-planned method important?
5. As you plan for the days learning activities what is the first step you should
undertake? What is the last step?
6. Which method have you been using most of the time? Why?
7. Which method do you seldom use? Why?
8. At which part of a method do you encounter difficulties? What could be the
common causes? How do you remedy said difficulty?
9. How can you evaluate the method you employ?
10. How do you decide on which method to use?

CHAPTER 2: BEHAVIORAL OBJECTIVES

For Additional Learning

1. Give 10 action words that you have been using in your daily lessons. Can they
be observed and evaluated?
2. Cite a statement which is a good objective. Why do you say so?
3. Give an example of a performance criteria which should be a part of an
instructional objective.
4. Use a word each from levels 1, 2 and 3 in a complete objective.
5. Formulate an objective which can be used in aiming for learning in each of the
following domains: a) analysis, b) synthesis, c) application and d) evaluation.
6. Can you teach successfully without formulating objectives? Why? Or why not?
7. Use the following verbs in a lesson objective:

Illustrate modify create

Select discriminate estimate
Reproduce revise reproduce

CHAPTER 3: MOTIVATION

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1. Briefly, show how you motivate the students in your class:

a. Before starting the lesson

b. At the start of the presentation
c. During the lesson proper
d. At the completion of the lesson

2. Can a lesson be undertaken without motivation? Why or why not?

3. Do you possess a good sense of humor? How do you inject humor in motivating
your students?
4. Name some audio-visual media you are using. Describe the reaction of the
students.
 5. Are you an enthusiastic teacher? Show by describing yourself before or during
a classroom activity.
6. How do you motivate through awards or incentives? Discuss briefly.
7. How can you use television broadcasts as a motivation strategy?
8. What is your most effective motivational strategy?
9. Describe the role of motivation in a step-by-step strategy.
10. Why is motivation an integral part of a teaching method?

CHAPTER 4: THE TECHNOQUES OF QUESTIONING

For Additional learning

1. For each of the kind of questions as to purpose, prepare two or three more.
2. Try to answer each question you asked in No. 1. If it turns out difficult to answer,
ask yourself why. Then, how can you improve each one?
3. Interview an elementary school teacher. Ask what kind of questions she ask
more often and why. State the subject and the grade level.
4. Write 10 divergent questions. Was it easy to prepare? Why?
5. What kind of questions do you like to answer? Dislike? Why?
6. Why should we allow a 1-minute wait time?
7. Give 10 statements that are questions at the same time.
8. How can you encourage students to ask questions during a discussion?
9. How can you help a co-teacher ask good questions?
10. Watch a science quiz on television. Are the questions clear and easy to answer?

CHAPTER 5: ASSESSMENT AND EVALUATION SKILLS

For Additional Learning

1. Prepare a test which can be performed in real life situation.

2. Do you favor performance assessment? State why or why not.
3. What are some students work that can be organized into a portfolio?
4. What are the advantages of students portfolio?

CHAPTER 6: INDIVIDUALIZED TEACHING METHODOLOGIES

For Additional learning

A. INDEPENDENT STUDY

For Additional Learning

1. Write a brief report of an investigation you have conducted showing data

recorded and analyzed.
2. Give a lesson which could be taught by employing this strategy.
3. What was your reaction regarding the development of self-learning skills.
Can it be realized?
4. Can your students work independently? Describe how.
5. Have you tried this methodology? How did you assess the learning achieved?
6. Are the students able to drain their own conclusion? If not, what are the
difficulties observed? How can they be assisted?
B. WRITING JOURNALS

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1. Obtain a students journal.

What could you learn from it?
2. Write your own journal after a days lesson.
3. What are the common contents of your students journals?
4. How did you use them in planning future lessons?
5. Which journal did you enjoy reading?
6. Are you affected by their true confessions.

C. NARRATIVES

For Additional Learning

1. Write a sample narrative you can use in connection with a lesson.

2. Let a student write a narrative about a game he won.
3. Obtain a copy of a students narrative about his hobby.
4. Observe the students during a narration.
5. Have you tried using narrations before presenting a lesson? Is it effective in
catching their attention?
6. Prepare a narration of your own travel.

D. INDIVIDUALIZED INSTRUCTION

For Additional learning

1. Prepare a lesson for a nature lover. Observe the students behavior while
performing the learning task.
2. Have you tried this methodology? Were you successful?
3. How will you gather all the needed information needed before planning
learning activity?
4. What are some difficulties that a student may be confronted with? How will
you assist said student?
5. Do you enjoy planning and teaching an individual student rather than whole?

E. PREPARING PROJECTS AND COLLECTIONS

For Additional Learning

1. Name a project you have constructed. How did you use it in connection with a
lesson?
2. What are your collections as a teacher and as a traveller? Was it worth the
time and effort in organizing them?
3. How can you encourage your students to prepare and maintain a collection of
their favorite objects?
4. What instructional materials and teaching devices have you collected?
5. Find out the collection of boys and of girls at home. Let them describe their
feeling when they are displayed.
6. How will you encourage your students to do the project themselves?
7. Have you been fair and objective in evaluating projects and collections?
F. DISCOVERY APPROACH

For Additional Learning

1. Cite a lesson wherein the students performed activities to completion all by

themselves. Describe how they felt upon arriving at a correct conclusion.
2. How do you guide them in analyzing and interpreting data?
3. Give examples of learnings or solutions they acquired through self-discovery.
4. What will you do if they fail to discover anything at all?
5. How similar is this method to the scientific procedure in answering a problem?
6. How often have you tried using this method? Were you successful? Describe.

G. CONSTRUCTIVIST APPROACH

For Additional learning

1. Explain further the meaning of knowledge is the result of the learners own
construction of reality.
2. Give the importance of reflection in reconstructing meanings and
understanding. How can you assist them in doing so?
3. How can you guarantee that the students gain the much-needed experience
in your lesson activity?
4. Do students give importance to previous experiences during the act of trying
to learn the days lesson? How can you assist them to recall the relevant
ones?
5. Why do students understand and learn differently while trying to assimilate
and construct meanings from the same class activity?
6. What positive attitude is developed among students who are aware of the
differences in their knowledge acquisition and conclusions?

H. EXPERIENTIAL LEARNING

For Additional Learning

1. How can an experiential learning approach enable the students to create

their own meanings?
2. What is urgently needed before one can understand new ideas and
concepts?
3. How sure are you that they possess the ability to reflect on their past
experiences? How can you provide practice in developing such skill?
4. How can you develop the basic skill, to listen critically and to observe
keenly?
5. Cite an interesting and meaningful experience. Heat helped you in using this
method of teaching.

I. SPECIAL REPORTS

For Additional Learning

1. Prepare a special report how your school won the cleanest award.
2. Report on the number of typhoons that occurred from 2003 to 2004.
3. Interview a winner in a literary contest and report it to class.
4. Give a report that is about a military operation that is difficult to gather.
5. How could you determine if the special report is authentic?
6. How are oral or written reports evaluated fairly and without bias?
J. STUDENT RESEARCH

For Additional Learning

1. Have you tried this method with an individual student? Describe the flow of
the steps on the procedure up to its completion. Why was it successful? If
unsuccessful, what did you learn from your observations?
2. How do you feel each time a research is completed? Is it worth your time and
effort spent in guiding the students?
3. Give a lesson in a unit which could be presented and discussed successfully
by assigning a capable student to do a simple research that will get with the
discussion.
4. From your observations, does the student enjoy doing it alone?
5. Can you share you learning to the rest of the teachers in your school?

K. PROBLEM SOLVING

For Additional Learning

1. Have you employed this method? State the problem you tried to solve. Briefly
discuss the procedure you followed.
2. Is it easy or difficult to follow this method? State your reasons.
3. What could be a reason if a particular step fails?
4. How can you insure the accuracy of the observations?
5. If they fail in arriving at a correct conclusion, what is the best thing to do?
6. Can the students formulate good hypothesis? How can they be assisted in
this important step?
7. Are they willing to share their conclusions with other members?

L. CREATIVE WRITING

For Additional Learning

1. Write a dialogue between two students about a past lesson.

2. State a lesson which you can teach using this method.
3. Cite a full-blown paper you have written. Give a summary.
4. What is your test for creativity in their written work?
5. Can they develop their own format? If not, how can you help them?
6. How is this method different from writing narratives?

M. USING MULTIPLE INTELLINGENCES THEORY

For Additional Learning

1. There are eight intelligences that everyone possesses according to Howard

Gardner. Prepare a lesson which could cater and tickle at least three or four
of their intelligences.
2. As a teacher of the young, which of the intelligences that you possess can
you fascinatingly exhibit to enliven your discussions?
3. Choose three intelligences that all of us must cultivate in order to practice our
profession with finesse and superb talent.
4. How can you insure the development of positive values and attitudes through
this teaching strategy?
5. Will it be easy to use their innate interpersonal and intrapersonal intelligences
in presenting lessons about safety in their environment? Describe your
procedure.
CHAPTER 7: METHODOLOGIES FOR SMALL GROUPS

A. COOPERATIVE LEARNING APPROACH

For Additional Learning

1. Why can a heterogeneous grouping lend best to this kind of method?

2. What are the advantages of a group-oriented rather than ask individually-
oriented reward system?
3. From observations, is it a success-guaranteed methodology? Why?
4. Cite the values developed and enhanced by this method of teaching?

B. ROLE-PLAYING

For Additional Learning

1. The creativity and resourcefulness of the members are put to test in

presenting real life situations and authentic responses. Explain further and
give examples.
2. At what age level will this method be effective? Why do you say so?
3. Would it arouse irrelevant observations especially if personal feelings are
involved?
4. How can the particular roles develop positive values and attitudes among the
role players as well as with the observers?

C. SOCIODRAMA

For Additional Learning

1. This is one of the most interesting and enjoyable methods that many
teachers have tried. Interview a co-teacher and write about her observations
about the drama.
2. Who should do the planning in the lesson presentation? Why?
3. How can this method develop critical thinking and skill in analyzing a situation
whose solution have to be presented to the audience?
4. Why can this be labeled make-believe way of gaining knowledge?
5. Discuss the process of socialization it can promote among the young.

D. PEER TUTORING

For Additional Learning

1. What are the advantages of same age tutors than tutors who are older?
2. How can successful tutors be amply rewarded?
3. Are tutors allowed to use own strategy in assisting the tutors?
4. What values and study habits are internalized by the tutors, likewise by the
tutees?
5. When over tutoring occurs, what is the best thing to do?

E. MICROTEACHING

For Additional Learning

1. How can the observations of the viewers help in evaluating the teaching
performance.
 2. Why is this technique described as more focused and down-to-earth way of
learning than others?
3. How often should this methodology be employed? Why?
4. Have you tried this way of evaluating your own teaching performance? Is it
effective?

F. DIRECT INSTRUCTION

For Additional Learning

A. You are now ready to apply what you have learned about the advantages and
limitations of group learning strategies.

1. Using the set of criteria below describe each of the methods discussed.

a. Values developed/enhanced
b. Performance-based skills developed
2. Plan a lesson that will employ a cooperative learning approach. Indicate
how each member can cooperate in the learning activity including how
each or the group will be evaluated.
3. How will you motivate the students to take advantage of the learning
resources located in their own community? Name some which are
conducive to group learning.
4. Observe a teacher teach the days lesson. Critique the activities, indicating
the topic and strategies used.
5. Interview a higher grade teacher regarding her often-used strategies
versus the least-used ones. Ask for usual observations that could support
her preference.
6. Justify the use of role playing in teaching a lesson on family involvement.
7. How will you implement a peer tutoring strategy? What are its
advantages?
8. Is open discussion a worthwhile venue for developing creative thinking?
Do you favor the use of divergent questions during discussions? Defend
your answer.

G. INQUIRY APPROACH

For Additional Learning

1. As a start, are you naturally curious and inquisitive teacher about things and
events that happen around you?
2. As one of the most popular approaches, how can you model such in your
daily activities inside and outside the classroom?
3. Can you develop autonomous learners in the school when most of them are
pampered favorites at home? How?
4. How can you insure the development of accurate inferences/hypothesis
during investigations and problem-solving?
5. How can inquiry teachings achieve a life-long objective learn how to
learn?
6. What changes in your classroom or in your teaching routine can surely
awaken their inquisitiveness or lead them to marvel and wonder at new
things around them?
H. READING

For Additional Learning

1. Name all the printed materials you have acquired for your own use in school
and at home. How often do you refer to them?
2. Enumerate the textbooks and reference materials that are often used.
3. Cite a lesson which you taught through this methodology.
4. Name some printed materials that they enjoy reading.
5. Observe the students while they are reading. How would you know they can
understand the topic?
6. How can you encourage them to keep on reading until they develop the
habit?
7. Do you find reading as a teaching method effective among the young?

I. INTEGRATIVE APPROACH

For Additional Learning

1. Explain further how integrative teaching can develop critical thinking.

2. Give examples of patterns or similarities characteristics in establishing
relationships.
3. How can the teacher be sure that the conclusions or inferences arrived at is
correct?

J. USING INSTRUCTIONAL DEVICES

For Additional Learning

1. Give science lessons that can be presented using instructional media for
updated information as well as for enjoyable entertainment among the young.
2. Why must extreme care be taken in choosing the films, slides and short
movies in connection with a lesson to be taught?
3. What are the advantages of using computer-assisted-instruction?
4. Why should you involve children in the construction of instructional materials
like posters and exhibits?

K. EXPERIMENTING

For Additional Learning

1. Discuss three higher-order thinking skills that can be developed with the use
of this strategy.
2. What will you do if the experiment fails? Should the students be the ones to
find out?
3. How can you avoid the formulation of generalizations usually done by
students in a hurry even if they have insufficient evidences?
4. Suppose the materials and equipment needed are not available during the
period, what should have been done earlier?
CHAPTER 8: METHODOLOGIES FOR A CLASS

A. DISCUSSION

For Additional Learning

1. Choose a young student in the class. Is he bored with a discussion format?

Why?
2. When does a discussion type of undertaking a planned lesson become
uninteresting to some?
3. A discussion method tests the teachers skill in asking questions. Give some
reminders to help them continue and sustain their interest to the end.
4. How can you avoid hurried discussion?
5. How are the students responses evaluated during a discussion?

B. REFLECTIVE TEACHING

For Additional Leaning

1. Experience alone is not yet leaning reflection is . Give your own meaning.
2. Can students really do an honest reflection, better than one from adults? If so,
why?
3. Why would ability to learn from an experience differ in different individuals?
4. How can you encourage your students to keep a personal record of their
experiences? What are the advantages of keeping one?
5. Why can journals be used in reflecting on your own teaching?
6. Are you a reflective teacher? Why can you say so?

C. CONCEPT TEACHING

For Additional Learning

1. Oftentimes, misconceptions about an event in a lesson happen especially

among the inexperienced. What is the best way to correct one which has
been formed when they were young?
2. When is a deductive method most effectively used, in contrast to inductive
way?
3. From your observations, which is the surest means of arriving at conclusions
and generalizations?
4. Teachers, because of their age and experience, rush to make
conclusions/generalizations using the deductive approach. Do you agree with
this statement?
5. Using the inductive approach is time-consuming, yes or no?

D. INTEREST LEARNING CENTERS

For Additional Learning

1. Which learning center was most attractive to the students? Where they stay
longer most of the time?
2. Were they able to complete a lesson in one center? Why or why not?
3. Give a lesson which you taught successfully using this method.
4. How can you avoid overstaying of students free to move around? Describe
the sets where the materials
5. Were the students free to move around? Describe the sets where the
materials are located?
6. How can the time to be spent for each activity be controlled?
E. TEAM TEACHING

For Additional Learning

1. Team Teaching exemplifies the real meaning of professionalism. Explain.

2. Have you tried this methodology? What are the advantages you enjoyed
most?
3. Interview one who has participated as part of a team. What contributed to a
successful lesson episode?

F. DEMONSTRATION

For Additional Learning

1. Do you favor a silent demonstration? Why?

2. Suppose a demonstration is observed leading to the wrong direction? Why?
3. The equipment failed to function at the middle of the procedure. What will you
do?
4. Who should do the demonstration, the teacher or the students?
5. Are the students allowed to ask questions during the demonstration?

G. FIELD STUDIES

For Additional Learning

1. How could you assess the outcome of your educational trip?

2. Will you take a long a student who failed to present a permit from the parents
Why?
3. From a visit to a cultural place, ask what project can they plan to undertake?
4. What values could nature visits develop among them?
5. From your observations, where they well-behaved and orderly?

H. LECTURE

For Additional Learning

1. Suppose at the middle of the lecture, you noticed that some students are
getting bored, what will you do?
2. How often should you use this method? Why?
3. At what age group would this method be appropriate? Why do you say so?
4. Should you ask the class their choice of a lecturer? Why? If not , why?
5. Do you favor an open forum after the lecture?

J. INVITING SPECIALISTS

For Additional Learning

1. Give a lesson which could be taught by listening to the lecture of any of

the experts invited.
2. How will you prepare the students before the lecture in order for them to
participate actively in the discussion that follows .
3. If the students seem bored with the speaker, what will you do?
4. Have you been invited to talk about your own specialization? Describe the
reaction of the listeners.
5. Name a specialist you have invited. Briefly discuss how this talk helped
the students in clarifying and understanding a difficult part of a unit.
 Describe the reaction/behavior of the students while listening to the
specialist.
6. How often may you employ this method in your class? Why?

K. FIELD TRIP

For Additional Learning

1. As one of the most effective and well-enjoyed methodologies, how can

you insure proper behavior and orderliness during the trip to an
orchidarium.
2. How can you instill the value of proper decorum and respectfulness when
conducting a visit to a famous landscape.
3. How will you determine the right natural setting for a science lesson? Can
you accept suggestions from students on the proper locale for the lesson.
4. Can you consider a visit to the school ground a field trip? Discuss.