1A, Pages 4 and 5, Exercises 4 and 5 1 A= Man, C= Christine As Ineed to do more exercise. C:Really? ‘A: Yes. 'm trying to lose weight, How do you keep ft? 1 go runing with a fiend. A: Oh, | ike running. C: We usually go on Tuesdays and Saturdays. ‘As Saturdays? Yes. Do you want 10 come with us? 'A: How far do you run? About fifteen miles ‘A: Oh. Thats along way, C: My friendls traning forthe London marathon. A: Wool 2 ‘A> Man, G = Gudkun ‘A: Do you have any contact with the Incian offices? ‘G:Yes, we work wth tham all he tie. ‘A: Oh, because we're working on a sales training project for some clients in Mumba G:Ubuh. A: And we need to deliver a training program. G:How do you want to deliver it—over the web? Ayes Then you need to talk to Sameer Advani. He's responsible for web vaining. 1 Ise bated in Mumbai? G:No, Bangalore, but he travels a lot He's working in Deb at the moment. 3 ‘A= Woman, R= Rob ‘A: Are you still here? R: Yes, my carat the sevice station. 'm waiting for therm to calle, ‘A: Oh, |s00. Which service station do you use? R¢ I goto apace in Cherry Hil Alsi good? R: Yeah, excellent. Itonly costs fifty dollars fer an oll change, A: Ineed to find anew service station Do you want the addrass? A Yes, thanks. FR Ask for Chuck He’ the owner 0K. And pay cath. | always pay cash, Chuck likes that 0K. Re Don't pay by erect card 1C, Page 8, Exercises 5 and 6 1 N= Noburo Nakamura, R = Receptionist IN:Hi'm hereto see Anne Baker. Re May thave your name, please? Nees, its Noburo Nakamura ROK, Justa second, please .. OK, Me N seat. Anne wil be dow in a moment. NeThanks. 2 ‘A= Woman, B= Man ‘A: Sory to trouble you but 've gota problem. B: Whats that? ‘A: My son sick. His schoo just called me B: Do they want you to pic him up? ‘A: Yes, Ineedto leave now. Could you cover fr me? B: Yes, of course. ‘A: Thanks very much, 3 [A = Woman, B= Man ‘As Are they for ma? B: Yes, three boxes. Where do you want ther? ‘: Over by my desk, please. B: OK, can you sign hove, ploaso? A: Certainly 4 ‘A= Woman, B = Man A Excuse me, B: You? A: I need to take some stuff upto the third floor. Bs Oh, do you need some help? ‘A: No, it ll sight thanks but there’ a trolley over there, Do. you mind if borrow i? B: Not ata ‘Ac Thank you. 8: But could you bring it back? ‘A: Yeah, no problem. carmura, Have 8 4D, Page 10, Exercises 2 and 3 3 Julia, L= Lucy, P = Paul 4: Lucy! Julia! Lovely to see you. Do you know, Paul? J: No. E Oh, lat me introduce you, Jui, this Peul one of my neighbours. 4: Nice to meet you, Paul P: Andyou. 1 Julia's my cousin. Qur mothers are sisters P: Oh, realy. 4: Yes. Do you lve in the same building ae Lucy, Pat? Yes, 'm just renting a flat thoro while | finish ry MBA. J Soyou'e an MBA student? : Yes. finish this summer. Paul looking for ajob. P: What de you do, Julia? J: ma financial analyst. 1: Julia works very hard — never stops. think she's a workaholic. J: Oh, Imnot, But think need a holiday.LI want to go to Paris fora few days. Do you want to come, wth me? J: Oh, yes! Thats a great idea L Teil 4 But not this month... We've very busy at work atthe moment LL Another international project? I Yes P: Oh, what’ that? .E We're working on a desl with some paople fram Argentina : Where in Argentina? 4: Buenos Ares, but they're in London this week. WS a problem, actualy, P: Whi that? 4: Tm tying to find someone who can translate for us. The ‘person who speaks Spanish is of sick 1: Paul speaks Sparish, 4: Nol Do you realy? : Yes, My fathors from Madkid J: Areyou free tomorrow? : Yes. Can |help? 4 Ohyes : Thats areat 4: Tmo pleated we met. Look here's my business card 2A, Page 12, Exercise 2 A= Man, C= Che Orth ‘Tech support. Can Ihave your employee number, please? Ye, if 240721, and my name's Chis Onh ‘Thanks, Chis, How cant help you? mhawng wouble with my computer {Az With yourlptop of desizop computer? CMy desktop. Its running very dow. ‘8.0K, Il send someone overt take a look. CC How soon can they be here? ‘As ic cut an let you know G:Canyou call me back on my mobile? ‘8:08, no problem. (C:Thats get. Thanks 2 lot Avoure welcome 2C, Page 16, Exercise 5 J Jean Pierre Moreau, R= Rosemary 4: Jean Plerre Moreau, Hits Rosemary. J: Hi, Rosemary. Look, can I cll you back? Re Oh, sory is this @ bad ime? Yes, min the middle of something, Re No problem. 4 Thanks. Bye 2C, Page 17, Exercises 7 and 8 J = Jean Pierre Moreau, R = Rosernary Re Rosernary Clark J: Hi its Joan Pere, FR Oh, Jean Pierre. Thanks for getting back to me. J: Sorry | couldn't speak earlier. : Oh, that’s OK. Joan Pera, m sorry to trouble you but | ‘need an email address fr Steve Parks. J: Al, Ihave it here. Its SteveParks ... Have you got a pen? Re Yes J: ts StoveParks8a at gmail dot com. R: StovePars, i that all one word? J Yes, Re Eight oh four? 4: No, eighty-four R: Sony, eighty-four? Yes, Re Atgmall dot com. J Thats right. R: Sony? 5: I said thats right R Oh, good. 2D, Page 18, Exercise 2 Bridget” ts Ana .. I atthe airport, London Heathrow But Bridget, | have a problem .. My bag didh't ative... They say ts n Miami, They'll send iten the next plane . ligt it ‘tomorrow but my driving licence isin the bag. Ican't hire a cor to get to your house ... Oh thats very kind of you. tm so sory to trouble you... m at terminal 3. How long wil it take you to get here? .. OK. Ill wait outside in half an hour Bridget. thank you so much .. 'm looking forward to seeing you, too. See you soon, 2D, Page 18, Exercise 4 A= Ana, B= Bridget Ae Bridger? I's Ara i, Ana, Where are you? Im a the spon, London Het Bu Bie, have 2 problem, What’ that? ‘A: They say ts in Miami, They'll send iton the next plane. When wilt arrive? {: Ill get it tomorow but my driving licence isin the bag. | ‘can't hire a car to get to your house, Don't won. llcome and get you. ‘A: Oh, tha very kind of you. Im so sory to trouble you, 3: Ws no problem, Where exactly are you? ‘A: im atterminal 3, How long wl ittako you to get hore? ‘Only thirty or forty minutes Ok Mwaitoutsid nal an our Bridget. thankyou so mud B: Don't mention it. 'm looking forward to seeing you. ‘A: 'm looking forward to seeing you, 0. See you soor3B, Page 22, Exercises 3 and 5 {= Inreniewer A = Adam Pritchard ‘Adam, cil you goto business schock? 'A:No, left school when | was sixteen and | went traveling. lk So whon di you setup your fist company? ‘A: When was about twenty-four started a company to sell Ik How di it 90? ‘A: Oh, it was a disaster. | invested about 30,000 pounds but ait sell any cars = not one. Oh deat! Why nox? ‘A Lally did't hnow much about cars I Realy? ‘A: Yeah, and | had no contacts in the car market. ‘So hat cid you do after that? ‘A: Lwent back to school and trained asa stockbroker “Thats a cfu job. Did you pass the exams? ‘A: Yes, but couldn't find a job, ‘So what happened next? {A Lhad an idea for anothor compary.Iset up a telephone Counseling service and we gave ackce to people over the hone, le Was that successful? ‘A: No. | ost $0,000 pounds in four months and I had to sell my home, Thats tembi ‘A Yea, but those two fares taught me lt, think I: Whore cid you get the idea for Pomogreat? ‘A: A frond called me from Pakistan and said | had to come {and try this fercasic juice. got ona plane, tied the juice and loved it.I wanted to sllitin the UK. I: Didit take you long to set up the company? {8 Yes, it id. spent a year researching the fut juice market. ‘And I met and talked toa lot of people fist. |: And Pomegreat sa big success. What was your turnover lastyear? : 10 millon pounds. We had some problems in the beginning, but yes, we're doing very well now. 3C, pages 24 and 25, Exercises 2, 3, 4 and 6 B: Yes, a bit, wert to a party lastnight ‘A: That’ nico. Did you have a good time? B: Not really. had to leave early Achat’ pity, B: Yes, had a bad headache. ‘A: You poor thing, Are you better now? B: Yes, fino, thanks 2 ‘A> Man, B= Woman ‘A: Where’ Louisa today? B: Didn't you hear? Someone drove into her ear this moming. ‘A: Are you serious? B: Yes, really ‘A: That’ tore! Is she OK? BB Yes She wasn't hurt but her Honda’ badly damaged. A: Ohno! Itbanew car Bs | know. es awl ‘A: Poor Louisa, B: Yos, bt atleast... 3 ‘A= Man, B= Woman ‘A: Did you go tothe sales presentation? 3: No, couldn't go. ‘A: Thats a shame, ft was very intorosting 3: Yeah, | wanted to go. Too much work, huh? B: No, | had to take my daughter to the hospital ‘A: Oh, nathing serious | hope? No, she just needed some tests 4 ‘A Woman, B= Man A:So what happened yesterday? B: The interview went very well Good! B: In fact, they offered me the job. ‘A: Woo! That’ teri! Congratulations! B: Thank you, ‘Ac Fantastic! B: Yes, 'm really oxsited about it ‘A: Yes, | can imagine. So when do you start? Bs Next wook. I cart wait, 5 ‘(A= Woman, B= Man ‘A: Did you da anything nice this weekend? We went 1 Brighton ‘A: Thats ice. Brighton’ a fantastic iy But we court ind anywhere to park ‘A Really? Di you ty the mult storey? es Alte carparks were fl [A That uitance. B: We spent wo hours lookin, Iwas vor Rustin Alan eagin. B: Then we found a spot in a backstreet. ‘A: Oh good. 8: So we wert shopping and when we came back, wohad porking tet! ‘A: Oh deat B: A fity pound parking fine!3D, Page 26, Exercises 3 and 5 = Man, M = Monika Nowak ‘A: What was your biggest mistake at work? Mel think was when | worked ata papermaking plant. |was in charge ofa project to speed up production but | slowedit down instead. A: Ob no. What happened? Well, we needed to improve the efficiency of our machines. ‘There were lots of new technologies on the market. Iread the sales brochures and they al looked great, A: How much did they cost? M: Oh, not a lot. It wasn't a big investment so my project plan looked excalert. We could install the diferent technologies in ‘three months and inzease production by five par cent. A: Sowhat went wrong? IM: Wel, we installed the frst technology on evary machine in the plant ‘A: Did it take long? IM: No, we did it overnight. But the next day we had a big problem. Every machine shut down, A: Ohno, IM: The technology didn't work, [A Allthe machines stopped working? MYes, the plant manager wert crazy. ‘A: So what did you do? (Me I eaent my lesson. | threw away my project plan ard | Started testing. Iran tests onal the new technologies one by 1A: And how did it go? IM: Well, we leanta lot. Some did't work AA 'M: And! some worked really well= much better than we ‘expected, We installed the best ones — but one machine at a time, ‘A: How long did it take? M:Ayeor {: But did you achieve your targets? 'M: Well, we missed the deadline. But nobody cared ‘because the results were so good. We exceeded the targets. Production went up by fiteen per cent A: Not Sve? No, fifteen Fantastic! 4B, Page 30, Exercise 3, 4, 5 and 6 1 We cart give expansive gifts to customers becouse ifs against the lewhere, But we often give them small promotional items with our company name ard logo ~ things lke pens and ‘weatshirs ltook some sweatshirts to Europe last month. | ‘thought I could give them to customers but our agent said ‘cur company name and logo was to big, He told me to take them home again becauee they weren't fashionable, | gave thom to the woman who cleaned my hotel room instead. She ‘Gave me the biggest smile you aver saw. We wanted to give our business partners in Korea a very special gifto celebrate our tenth anniversary. We contacted a ‘lass factory in our town and asked them to make a glass vase ust fr us. Well, they did and t was beautiful. | didn’t wantit 10 break, s0 I caried it in my hand luggage. It was one of the worst joumeys of my life. had to cary the vase through three diferent sports and it was really heavy. Bu it was tho ideal Gift because it was high quality and it carne from our city 3 ‘When | etre, the company gave me a gold watch and my co-workers gave me some gol clubs, They were very ‘generous. But the best git had came from my fiends inthe post room and it a game. I like Monopoly but you don't buy streets and houses. You buy James Bond films instead. It was the least expensive gift but ts the one | enjoy the most. ‘They know | was a James Bond fan 4 | gave a keynote speech at a conference in Singapore. The conference organizers paid for my airfare, but that was all. didn't care because the most important people in my field ‘were there and | loved Singapore. And on the last day of the conference, the organizers gave me a siver necklace. | didn't expect t to twas a wonderful suprise. Its the pretest necklace lown, 5 The mest unusual gift we received for Christmas was a picture ‘ofa goat — ya, relly, a Goat! My sister thinks Christa too commercial so this year she didn't buy gifts. She gave ‘money to charity instead. The charty gives goats to fares in Africa and the sent usa picture of the goat she paid for My vile wasrit pleased, She thinks my ssterivlaw is lazy and she didrit want to go shopping, But liked it I was nicer than last year's present. he usually gives me socks. 4C, Page 32, Exercises 3 and 4 1 Woman 1 , B= Wernan 2 {Als tO? | did't know what colour to get. B: Yellow is perfect i’ just what | wanted. | love it ‘A: Oh, Im so glad. Does it fi? 2 Man, B = Worman ‘A: That was a great presentation. Well done! B: Iwas vey nervous and ! think spoke too fast, but its very kind of you to say so ‘A: No, no, nt tall. twas rally very good. a A= Man 1, B= Man 2 {A tsa cheque to help with the school bill B: Axe you sure thats all right? 'l pay you back as soon as ‘ean, Thank you so much! ‘A: Don't mention it. We'te happy wo can help. 4 ‘A= Woman, B= Man A Its eining out Let me give you a lift. B: Oh, wow! You're a lifesaver. ‘A: No problem. Im going your way anyway.5 ‘A= Woman, B = Mon ‘A: Come and blow out the candles, We've made you a birthday cake. B: Oh, itslovely, but you did't have to go to allthis rouble. ‘A:You're welcome. Nowtake a deep breath 5B, Page 41, Exercises 9 and 11 1 Chiron do alot of memorizing in school. They have toremember lois of facts and figures. But thet won't be important inthe future Infact, alread less imponant now. ‘With the internet, we just have todo a search and we can find althe facts we wart 50 who needs a good memory? 2 ‘You need good technical kil to wotkin information technology today, and that vl be tu in the future as wel Butin the future, employers wil wat IT workers with other Skil, t00— dle project management or marketing So ‘geod technical ski wil be less important and the extra sls Wil be mare important. z English wil stil be an important fanguage inthe future but it won't be the most important. In education wil, because ‘many universities wil switch to teaching all their classes in English, Butin business itl be diferent. International companies won't just want people who can speak English TheyIl look for people who can speak a third language as well ‘And she most important one will be Chinese 5C, Page 42, Exercises 2 and 3 1 Man, B = Wornan Frm eally hungry. B: Yes, me, too. ‘A: Um... Did you buy some chocolate earier? B: Yes, bought three big bars. ‘Ac Are they in your bag? B: Yes, ‘A: Then .. can Lave some? B: Oh! You mean you want some?! A Yes, thanks! B: Here you are. Great, 5C, Page 42, Exercises 5 and 6 2 ‘A= Women, 8 = Man ‘A: Are you making coflee? B: Yes. Do you want me to make some for you, too? ‘Oh, that'd be great. Thanks B: Notatall 3 ‘A= Man, B= Woman ‘A: Those biscuits look nice. 'B: Would you lke one? Pease help yourself. ‘A: Oh, thanks very much, B: Youre welcome. 4 A= Woman, B = Man Ale thatthe latest adres lt? Bs Yes. Do you want a copy? ‘A: That'd be great. Can you email i? B: No problem, s ‘A= Woman, B= Man, A: Are you busy? B: No, What's the problem? ‘As can't get the printer to work, ‘Would you lke me to take a look? ‘Aces, please! 6A, Page 47, Exercise 6 fm delighted to tell you that we now produce a mini version ‘of the LocBtor known as the Loctor Lite. ts just eight point six centimetres long and five point four centimetres wide, so about the size ofa crest card, andit weighs jst ‘twenty grams. The tags are smal too, just tree point ve centimetres by one point rine five. Soi smal enough keep in your wallet but itcan locate objects upto a hundred and twenty-two metres away It currently retails at forty-nine rinely-nine and it comes with two tags. And of course, you can always order more, as wth the standard LocBtor.To cre simply log on to our website or cal our fee phone line: one ‘ight seven oh, triple one, double seven, double seven, Ard remember, don't lve it, locate it 6B, Page 48, Exercise 5 1 {ke to know te dimensions. How big iit? 2 How fet can t go vhen its traveling on the surface ofthe water? 3 Tknow ft goes underwater but hw deep does i go? 4 How powertlare the engines? 5 How much does cost an what does the price include? Doe itcome wit a five-year waranty? 6 I'm surprised it doesn’t snk to the bottom of the sea, How ‘much doet it weigh? a How far can it travel underwater? And how long does the ai last?6C, Page 51, Exercises 6 and 7 1 Ds reenter Se ae B: esithas. | can see younow alo bout computers 2 Ihnow a il, yes ma graphs designer 8: any? Than os unease pi Yes, it to got wo Gigtye of video RAM, 8: You realy know alot about t Woud you He toby now? Ayes, OK cry tforyou A: Thanks. Bs No able tal Ks aly ico ting to someone wha on Sper or tec hogs 2 M= Marsa, T= Tom Mesto? TE Hi, Marsa Tom a Telebargain MOF, Tom Tr caling abou the television you nked about. Av you sl rereted? eves, perops. T, [checked wth ou warehouse and they have one more tock MeReally? TT: Yes, but only one - its the last one. McOh, T: Sowe need to act fast because it's now or never. Do you want i? IMcOh, | want it What do need to do? 3 {A= Sslesvoran, 8 = Customer 2 ee youl the mor Ky favourite, 00 Bes Ac Boot itt? B: Ys, wore just nt i. A: Where ae you going to hang it? B: Wo, perhaps nthe siting room. A Above the fireplace? Bos, thinks Ac Oh, it's going to look lovely above your fireplace. 8: Thats ue 1 Adit right up your room, to. What ae your fends going to say vhon they 00? 4 ‘A= Sslesnoman,B = Customer 1, €= Customer2 2: So do you want me to book itor you? 8: es, please. C:Abeolitoly ‘A. No prob. :Aweek in Hava cant wat 8: Ard only five hundred pounds each — hat el Yooh Palm trees, beaches, sunshine : Ite going tobe fabuiows. ‘A: OK, now the total comes to just under seventeen hundred pounds. B: Seventeen hundred? A Yes, it includes airport taxes, hotel transfers, and insurance Oh. ‘A: Seventeen hundred covers everything Bs .. OK, then, Do you need our creditcard number? 5 A= Salesman, B = Customer ‘A: This telephone has a clock, a camera and the internet What do you think? BI interesting ‘ts oterlotng, beter bit and mor rel than athe B: Yes, perhaps. A:Itcomes with a spare battery, a charger and a twelve-month waranty. B: OK. Ill take it 6 Ok, ladies and gentlemen, there are three towels here. "Normally these towels cost twenty pounds each ~ thats sixty pounds for three towels. But Frm not going to charge you sty pounds. And m not going to charge you fity pounds. fmm ot even going to charge you forty paunds. Im feeling very generous today, s0 I'm only going to charge thity pounds! Yos = thity pounds. And hold onto your money, don't pay me yet, because m going to add an extra towel here. Yes, four towels = four towels fr only tity pounds 6D, Page 53, Exercises 5 and 6 Goad moming. Ws rice to meet youl. tm Andkew Gordon and today fd ke to show you a very simple but very levee product: Stabletable. Pictur this scone, Youre masting some fronds in a bar or restaurant. You see an empty table and st clown andi immediately dear that you've gota probe. Youre the unlucky group who are sting tthe wobbly tabi. Here's what you need: Stabotable. You can put this adjustable vice under the legs of any wobbly item and make exactly the night height to stop the webbing, an ideal it for tyne who likes going to bars and restaurants ~ simple, pracal and fn Stabletable comesin arange of colours — blue, green, orange so everyone can choose their favour. retails at under {we pounds and you can orde it fom our hotine on 01908 277313, Reaito avalable on our webste at ww stabletablo ‘co.uk Remember with Stabletable younever need t stat 9 ‘wobbly table again Now, does anyone have any questions? 7B, Page 56, Exercises 4 and 5 1 interviewer, B= Employee 1, C= Employee 2 1: So, tell me how the system works at Best Buy. Can you set your Gun schedules? BB: Yes, we all have targots we have to reach ~ deadlines We must meet, But we don't have to go tothe ofice fe don't ‘noed to,: I can work better at home = no interruptions 0, can you work from home ary time you want? Yeah ‘A:Do you need to ask for permission from your manager fist? No, we dont. 1: Do you have to go into the ofice for meetings? 1B: No, every meeting is optional (C: We can attend moetingsf we want but we don't have to. ‘Meatings can waste alot of time so we try not to have too. many. : We havea lot of conference calls now. C: Yes, we have laptops and Blackberries so we can carry our ‘ffce around with us. So, there are no rues about the hours you work? C Well, there's one 1 What’ that? C: We'renot allowed to tak about the hours anybody works. B: That’ ight: People shoul’ feel culty if they take an ‘akemoon off I: 1:00, So, should all companies slow their employees to ‘work from home? Jel, not everyone likes it C: Some managers thnk we should be in the office, so they can see we're working Mmm. Bs And they think we can't exchange ideas as well I: Uhuh, ‘C: And my vife doesn't ike tmuch, I: Why/sthat? : | work in an international tear with people in diferent time zones. They often call me at night Theres no separation ‘between work and personal time any more. 3: Right. My husband complains about it, to, He says can't relax because bring the office home with me. 7C, Page 58, Exercises 2 and 3 A=Woman, $= Sam A: Sam. [need your help S: Sure, what up? ‘A:{'m scheduling a meeting and | don'tknow what to do. 'S: Oh, it’s easy Fits, you want to open up your Meeting Manager program, 0K, ': Then select the date. A: Uhuh, ': After that, choose a room ... Thats right. Now select a time. ‘That's great, Now click ‘enter. Good... Oh, that’ strange, ‘A: Nothing's happening, i Hang on... Lets slow down OK, go back and ty doing ‘again OK. S: Trynot to click too fast. ‘A:No,itstil dower work ‘: Ah, see the problom. We have to type the cost contre ‘umber inthe box onthe lek. ‘A: Bat | dontt have a cost centre number. S: Youdon'? No. ‘Then you need to ask your manager to give you one. ‘A: Oh, | see. just need to get a number. ‘Thats right ‘A: Thanks, Sam. Thats what I needed to know. ': Youte welcome, Just lt me know f you need any more help BA, Pages 62 and 63, Exercises 5 and 6 1 A= Woman 1, B= Woman 2 ‘A: We had one when our children were young, Butthis one ‘much bigger and heavier. B: Oh, yes. Everythings changed now. Have you seen inside? ANo. B: The controls are wonderful. They ook like something from the space shuttle [A: The one we had dict even have a cup holder 2 ‘A= Woman, B= Man ‘A love it You can carry iin your shirt pocket. B: Yos. Thats why Ichoso it BA: It s0 smal, B: Yes, but you should see the instruction manual it carne with Ithas more than five hundred pages. Oh, dea. B: I haven't read it but | need to, There must be a button that says ‘automatic somewhere, A: Itstoo complicated B: Yes, just want to point and click. 3 ‘A= Man 1, B= Man 2 A. like the design. B: Yes, nd ithas all kinds of features. A: Does ithave a camera? B: Yes, it can take pictures, download emails, wake me upin the morning and beat me at chess. ‘A: Amazing, B: But 've had problems making calls The volume comes and gps A: That’ a problem because that's why you bought it B: This one’s great. We've had itfor about a month. A: Has itbeen reliable? B: Yes, and really useful. It scans, shrinks, faxes and copies. ‘A: The onl thing it cant do is make coffee. 2: That’ right. You sil have to do that yoursal 8C, Page 67, Exercises 5 and 6 ‘A= Man 1, B = Woman, € = Man 2 ‘A: Those young people are there againB: Why don't we atk ther to leave? don’t think thavs a good idea. Thay ook a bit threatoning 1: We dort want any trouble, B: How about calling the poico? Yes, but theyre not doing anything wrong, A: They're allowed to stand there's a public space. B: Wel, we need to do something because our customers don't ke walking by ther, We're not the only people with this problem. Could we, speak to our neighbours about? CC There aren't enough places for young people to goin this Yes, CC: They have nothing to do so they hang about. B: What f wo installa dove that makes a high-equency noise? How does it work? B: Ita noise that only young people can hear. és not pleasant, so when they hear itthey walk away. {A And older people can'thear this noise? B: No, Only people under twenty can hear it Let look into it. B: OK, Il ind out more about it. 4 cud intl pte cory aed poy C: Thar a great idea. Most young people don't ike Mozart. 8D, Page 69, Exercise 8 Hello, everyone. glad to hear wo've got some good ‘rative teams ready to work. Now here's your task: We're launching a new product and we wane you create the marketing plan. The products a perfume. It smalls of. wel, {'m not sur... something lke roses, I think. The target market ‘women over forty I's 2 competitive market and we're ‘aiming tthe high end. These women are wealthy — they have very large incomes. (OK, so thaté it. Look at your brief and be creative, We need, youto come up with some realy good ideas for this 8D, Page 69, Exercise 10 (OK, everyone. Good werk 0 ft, but have some more information for you. Management has mode small change to the bef, The thing thatthe perfume has a young fresh sme {ewe need to change the trget market, You now airing atyoung women, aged eighteen to twenty-five. These wornen ‘wont have qute so much money, 30 want you 1 rethink your ‘deas. Young women, atthe begnning of thor careers. OK Getto work 8D, Page 69, Exercise 12 Hi its me again. | have some news about that perfume ‘ampaign you're working on The market tests have arved, and theyre, well. they're suprising, The focus groups say it has a masculine small so the plan has changed. instead of a perfume, is going to be an attershave lotion Your target ‘markets now men, aged eighteen to eighty. Please review ‘your marketing plans. Thank you. 9B, Page 75, Exercsie 7 1 P= Poul Jones, G = Gyan Matk Paul Jones G:Hi, Poul. Thisis Gyan Malik, Jucts personal assistant. P: Oh, fi, Gyan 6G: Paul, Jckth would ike to schedule a meting wth you to talk about her investment portfolio. : Oh, good. Does she want me to come to her ofce? Ges, please : No problem. Whens she free? {G:Does Thursday at theo suit you? P: Three dosent work but four locke good 6: Fours ine. So thats four clock on Thursday the twentieth, then P: Groat Thanks, Gyan Youre welcome. Thank you. 2 R= Recaptonst, G = Gyan Malic Rs Hillman Mecical ene Good motrin. This Gyan Mali and ake to make an appointment fr Judith Harwood wih Dr Goldberg as soon as possible. R: Dr Goldberg booked up ths week How about next wook? G:Oh, deae Its quite urgent. R: Jucith Harwood G:Uhuh ROK... em hang on... Can Mis Harwood make Thursday atfou? {Gis that th only time avaiable? Yes, Wejusthadecanceleton G: Then that fine So thas four o'lockon Thursday nth Dr Goldberg, then Yes, thats ight Gi Thnk you 9B, Page 75, Exercise 8 au Jones, G = Gyan Mal Paul Jones, Pau, ts Gyan again. m aed somethings come up and Jiudth cant meet you on the twentieth : Ah, Doyou want to schedule another time, ten? G: Yer please, Areyou ree ot the same time on Fidey the wont ht? ‘Yeah, Fiday® open, So that’s Fiday at four at Judit cfc, then G:Good, Thanks. fm sony to mess you around ke this P: Hey, ifs problem. 'm gad tohelp 6G:rlemail you to confer, and thank you for being so Bex, P: You'te weleome Teke care 6:509C, Page 76, Exercise 3 1 We had avery rice conversation. When | sid goodbye, | wanted tobe polite s0 sid, You must come and see me ‘shen yout in Birmingham’ We did't knew each other very ‘wel sa | was a bit shocked when he asked for my address. 2 | want to be helpful to foreign visitors Its not polite to clsappoint people, sof they ask fo information, | have to give them some. Its polit to do that where come from. 3 "hesitated and said it was inconvenient. In my language, that ‘means no! and its not very polite to ask why. | was surprised when she cit accept my answer 4 always ty t0 deal with callers politely and efficient. ks ‘at my faultthat my bosss away, s0 why should say sony? Leaving a message is the logical sol.ton. 5 Ineny county we have to show we are unhappy when our ‘fiends tum us down. Of course we understand when people ‘can't come but it’s polite to insist I shows we care about our relationship. Thats why | dont say no! to rwitations | usualy 37 Tl by to come’, even when | know can't. ‘ ‘Where I come from people are very hospitable. We like to make our quests fel welcome. But polite quests don't want to trouble their hosts, s0 they often say no when we offer food, ‘A good host serves something anyway, to be sure their guests feel welcome. They can leave tif they don't want 9C, Page 76, Exercises 6 and 8 T=Tim, B= Mon TE Lust wondered... em... r® you doing anything this weekend? 1 dont think so. Why, Tim? “T We're having a barbecue in our bock garden on Saturday — justa smal party. thought, well would you ke to come? B: Oh, i very kind of you 0 invite us lel Barbara but she hasn'tibeen wel Oh, fm soa cht know. Yes its just cold but fm aad she's not well enough for a party. ‘T Oh,thatba shame, hope she feels better soon, 8B: Thank you fr thinking of us 1 Notat al B: Weld love to come another time, 9C, Page 76, Exercises 7 and 8 T=, B= Man, C= Wornan “T What ae you doing on Saturday? Neshing. Why? E Wire having a barbecue, Do you want to come? B: That'd be great! We'd tove to! CC: But met vting my mother on Sturdy. 8: Oh, | forgot Cm sony, Tim. 11 bo lovely but we'o already booked TE Notto worry. B: Can't we see your mother next weekend instead? CC: No! Leté get together some ather tne, Tim, Thatsallright with me. CC: How about the weekend after next instead? 9D, Page 79, Exercises 6 and 7 C= Cerone, T= Tory Helo. H, Caroline, its Tem. Hows it going? Oh, Tey. Its ne. Thity people are coming and there sight be more. “Thats great. So, whats hapoening? Jl Jane and Rober are in charge ofthe food. Thee coming ound on Saturdy morning to prepare i T Good C: Marais bringing some balloons and things that we canpit ‘ound my fat James might bring his vdeo camera as wa 1 Great ‘C: What time ae you bringing han here? 1E I dont know yet. 'm going to phone him tomo inte him to ploy squash He Tikes squash. ope he's not doing anything elea on Saturday everiog He could sy no TE Donit worry | wont take" fran answer: CC: Canyoubring him here at seven? He mustn't suspect snyhing 1: Thats no problem, | could ay Tet ny squash cout at your fa Oh, | neatly forget han’ sister’ fying in rom Asal 7: Wond Thats allan! She's arvng on Saturday maring. Claus picking a atthe arpor. ‘And Wan doesn't now? C:No. The las time they saw eachother was Uree oor 7 That’ fantastic tte going tobe = wonder suprise. 0A, Page 80, Exercises 5 and 6 ‘A= Man, B = Wornan ‘A: Imnot sure about the area, ‘Oh. its changed alot nthe last five years. New people have moved in and a lot of new businesses 2s wel ‘A: Yes, btisita bit dangerous? here isn't much cme now. There was five years ago its safer these days. | walk around here lte at night adit doesn't womy me. ‘A: And ther isnt much to do. Ther ae lots of shops bit there isn't much nightie. 8B: Oh, but thats changing, too. New restaurents have in the main square. expect some will open in the seat swell A: | suppose so. 3: And remember, there ae really good transport irks buses go down this street [A And the station is fa.B: Exactly. you want entertainment, its really easy to 90 downtown A: Thats tw. Thisis going to be one ofthe top areas to lve i, five or ten years, Now's a great time to buy. A Yes? Tishouse will probably double in price in five or sx yours AOh, 10B, Page 82, Exercises 5 and 6 ‘Woman, B= Man ‘Ok, s0 these choirs make alist of complaints and thon they ‘um them into a song, B: Thats right A-list of complaints — isn't that a boring and depressing thing? B: Oh, notat al. Everyone has fun writing them. ‘A: So, what kinds of things do people complain about? B: Well, roads and trafic are cornmion ones. A: Uke There's too much trafic on 95 in the mornings’? B: Yes, that kind of thing. ‘A: And there are too many red lights and rot enough green B: Exactly And public transport — so in St Petersburg they sing about the poor bus service on routa nine to Vaslevsky. ‘A: Hal That’ goat. What else? 8: Well, anather common complaint is not having enough free ‘A: What? Like, "My vacations are too short’? Yes, or Why are thore only twenty-four hours in a day?" (Or There ate too many Mondays and not enough Sundays You've got the idea ‘A: Yes, Im starting to enjoy this. B: Are you ready to joina choir? {AI love to but my voice isnt good enough, £8: That's no problem. You can ust say the words 10B, Page 83, Exercise 10 [rac from Birringhars complaints choirs song] 10€, Page 84, Exercises 6 and 7 [A= Woman, B= Man ‘A: Sylvan Bus Company. Good morring. B: Good morning. have a problem. ‘8:0h, how can hep you? B:| tied to book some bus tickets on your meet site. center all my details and clicked ont’ and then neshing happened A Nothing? B: No, the screen raze, ‘A: Oh, that’s fstating fr you, fm 0 sony about that. But Can take your booking. B: No, 10. You don’ understand. So then called your office and spoke to someone and they booked the tickets forme. 1 Good. ®B: But Ive just checked my credit card bill and you've charged me twice Twice? B: Yes. Youve charged me too much! |: Oh deat. | do apologize. We're having some probleme with ‘our computer system, B: lacked the perton I spoke to before to check | don't want 10 pay fortwo bookings. : No, of course not. We're realy very sory about this but | can delete that charge and refund your creditcard. Can Ihave ‘your name and the Booking reference rumber? B: So you've deleted the charge? ‘A: Yes, ve refunded you in ful. And | do apologize again for the eror. ‘8: Well twas very annoying but thank you for your help, That’ fine. We're installing new software vtich will coke this problem, B: Good, ‘A: Ace you satsied with this solution and the service today? B: Well yes. You've bean very helpful, thank you. ‘A: It was a pleasure and we hope youll book with us again, Bs Thanks very much, ‘A: Thank you B: Bye. A: Goodbye, 10D, Page 87, Exercises 3, 5, 6 and 7 1 ‘A= Woman, 8 = Man ‘A: Whats the population? even. ‘You mean only eleven people lve there? Yes, i's very small Its only about three kilometres fong anc its privately owned. It belongs to Robert Devereux. A: So he owns the whole island? 3: Yes, he bought it in nineteen ninenrfive for about one point three milion pounds. anyone stay there? B: Yes. Thete are five cottages that people can ent or theres @ house ‘A: Ave there any historical buildings? 'B: Well, theres an old castle but it’ fllen down. And there aren't any shops — or cars or bicycles, A Really? B: Yes, they're not allowed. But there aro rowing boats — they're provided free. ‘A Itsounds very peaceful but I don't think my two teenage: daughters woul lke it 2 ‘A= Man 1, B= Woman, € = Man2 A: Isiteasy to find? B: No, there aerit any signs outside because its top secret ind you need a password to get in. ‘A: What's the password? B: Oh ... We cart tll you shat‘A: So how can get in? CC: There a room at the entrance with a person sitting ata desk. They'llet you inf you do a wick of something A: What kind of tick? B: Oh I don't know .. Dance tke chicken : Oract ike a monkey theyll tll you what to do, ‘A: And they tell me the password? CC: Yes, and than the bookcase sides open and the doorway is behind it A: That’ greet. B: And when you get inside the nightclub, you see big TV monitors that show the entrance room A: So everyone just saw what | di B: Exactly. They all clap and cheer when you come in Or they ‘boo’ if they didn't like your dance. B: And wien you're inside, there ate lots of spy gadgets, Ithas ‘wo-way mints and secret windows andi doors. Is lots of fun, a ‘A= Woman, B= Man ‘A: How did his place romain secret? B: That’ an interesting question. We think it dates back to fourteen fity but nobody knew about it for centuries. ‘A: What happened to the people who lved here? 6: They gotill- smallpox. At laa fity per cont of the population ded. A: Oh, that terrible. B: Do you lke history? A: Lovet B: Then youll love this place. The building work is ery interesting, {It ooke very advanced and well planned, B: Yes, Inca society was highly developed and very well ‘organized. But they did't have a wnting system, ‘A: There was no alphabet? B: No, but they probably uted dlagrams and pictures. ‘A: And mathematics? B: Well that was interesting, too, They developed a system with coloured pieces of sing and knots that they used for accounting, 111A, Page 88, Exercises 3 and 5 ‘A management coneukant went on holiday to a beautiful tropical idand. One day he saw a local fisherman getting off his bot. The fisherman had some fresh fish and they looked very good, How long eit take you to catch those fish? the consultant tke “Oh, not vory long, said the fisherman, “Then why did't you work longer and catch more? "Because | have enough fh hereto feed rne and my far ‘But what do you do withthe est of your time?” asked the ‘consultant. “Wel, | usualy sleep late in the momings. lspend time with my wife and play with my chicren, And in the evenings | eax —1 tsually go out and have fun with my fiends: ‘The consultant thought for a moment and sai 'Ihave an [MBA from the London Schoo! of Business and ican help yeu. You should wotk longer each day” ‘Realy? said the sherman? ell me nore’ “you work longer, youl catch more fish and then you can sel ther. ifyou have more money, you can buy another bos Yeu'il double the numberof fh you catch fyou have another boat” “And what then? asked the fisherman. ‘Well, you can buy more boats, and then you can move into town, open a factory and run a fish business. And thats when it gets really interesting. your business gets big, you can sell your company’s shares on the stock market. You! make millions.” “How long wil this take? acked the fisherman, “Maybe tenor fifteen years.” "Butisit worth it? the sherman asked, "Yes, because then you can retire an live on tropical lan You can sleep late, doa lite fishing, spend time with your {army and relaxin the evenings...” ‘The consukant stopped talking when he saw the smile an the fishermaris face. I got wider and wider “Thanks, but no thanks sid the fishorman ashe walked away 11B, Page 90, Exercises 6 and 7 ‘A= Woman, B= Man 1, € ‘A: Have you only just arrived? Br Yes ‘A: We don't have long, Where is everyone? Are you the only cones here? ces. ‘A: But there are only you two of you B: The others are corning later, A: Where's Jasper? C: Atthe office, ‘A: Sill atthe office? Yeah, ‘A: If he hasrtlft yet, he won't be here fora least halfan hour Yeah ‘A: But wo startin an hour, When vill Gary get here? B: We're not sure lan 2 ‘A: Have you rung him? B: His mobiles switched of. ‘A: Well tll im to hury up ifhe calls GIlibe surpiced f she comes taday B: Yes, she wasnt very well yesterday A:So there's just the two of you? Un huh B: Afraid so ‘A: Thisistorble.fyou'e going to set upin time, you need help. OK, what can Ido? B: Well. ifyou help Pete with the cables can setup the ‘©: What about the microphones? B: Jasper can do them when he anves. Wheres Anna?‘A: Oh, thsi crazy. Why did't you come yesterday and do ‘his? B: We work very fast Ce Very fast 11C, Page 92, Exercises 6 and 7 A Mole 1,8 = Female 1, C= Female 2, D= Male 2 ‘A What about electronic tags? 8B: And alors that go off hen they 1 Thats ight : We've talked abou this before eves, Lrealy dont ik the idea, The tag ook uo. C:And theyre not cheap. B: We could just put them on expensive tems, es, but they don't tay work, Professional shopiiters into how to emove them CC: Yes, that’ a problem ve the store? D: What about our security cameras? Do we have enough? ‘A think so, but do we want to upgrade? D: Toa digital ayztem? Ayes, B: The problem with thats the cables. : Yes. The cameras arent expensive but installing the cables D:A digtal aster’ better A: Youcan store more data, 1D: And the pictures are clearer. 2B: We cant afford it. Its the cables, : Yes, its too expensive. 1D: How much dossit cost? : Another idea —we could search our employees’ bags and ‘belongings. B: When? C: Not every day. But randiom searches at cfferent times. Abs that legal? : Yes, fwe put tin their employment contract. B: Thay wont? agree to that ‘ALNo, they won't ke it. C: We'llfind out who stealing 1D: 500 a diffrent problem with that. It’s ike saying, We don't trustyou" C: Well, we dont. Yes, but not all employees are dishonest. 11D, Page 95, Exercises 7 and 8 I'm Adam Saunders and 'm the owner of a marketing consulting firm, | love jogging, cycing and! go swimming five times a week. So fm not worried about my health. But | arn ‘worried about the health of my staff. Some of them smoke, ‘some are overweight and they don't move around enough, There hast been a very good atmosphere inthe ofice recently and think ts because of stress, Everyone spends too ‘much time at their dks, want ta encourage them to lead a healthier festyle so 'm planning to make some changes ‘mleunching operation fines pln that wll make ‘everyone healthier and fitter, The employees might not like the exanges Im going to make bur theyre for ther own good. willbe worth it 12B, Page 98, Exercises 4 and 5 1 ‘A= Woman 1, B= Man, € = Woman 2 ‘A: Ourkid always like this plac. B: They sell nice dessens ~ thats why. C: Wall the place looks fun ‘A: Yes, and every thy minutes there’. a thunderstorm, C: How do they do that? B: With water sprinklers and flashing lights. ‘A: And you hear the sound of thunder and rain. C:Will we get wet? B: No, no its usta show. ‘As But the kids wil ike it a A= Man, B = Woman A: Where's the kitchen? Bs Its upstairs. ‘A: And wheres the waiter? B: We don't need one. We order the food with this computer A Oh, lsee, Heres the fish menu... and the meat ‘A: Oh, they have organic beef with onions il have that. B: OK. A:So,na waiters, eh? No. ‘A: Well that’s good nows B: Whys that? A: We don't need to tip anyone, q Woman 1, B = Man, € = Woman 2 ‘A: So, what's this restaurant lke? 8B: Its dark and there ae lots of diferent rooms I a ite bt scary CC: And the writers and waitresses entertain everyone, A: How? C: They do magic ticks. ‘And they try o frighten you CC: Yes, they all wear black clothes and they jump out suddenly and shout at you, Aslsitscary? C: Not really Well it scares me. 4 ‘A= Woman, B = Man ‘A: Where's my rife and for? They don’t give us a knife and fork. A: Why not? People didn't have them inthe eleventh century. A: 0, how do | eat my food?B: Use your fingers A: My fingers? B: Yes. A need a napkin ‘Shhhhhl The horses are coming back. 12C, Page 101, Exer A= Woman, = Man Great match ast night Yes {| thought Pato played well Br. Yes Did you see the match? Bs... Yes, A: So, what cid you think of? 8: twas goad ‘A:Do you think Milan deserved that second goal? Bs... don't know. ‘A: Well, anyway, | must go. See you late. 26 Alexander Pato? 12C, Page 101, Exercises 7 and 8 A= Woman, B= Man A: Great match lst night B: Yes, tori ‘A: thought Pato played wal B: Yes, he was brillant. Defrtely their best player ‘A: But do you think Milan deserved that second goal? B: No, !hinkit was a mistake, What do you think? ‘A: Yeah. It was a bad decision by the referee. B: I'm looking forward tothe Barcelona match tonight ‘A: Do you think they win? 12D, Page 103, Exercises 3, 4 and 5 1 {= Interviewer, J = Leslie Sharp 1: Well 'm here atthe top of Coopers Hil avery steop hil in the south west of England and today’ a special day. Its the day ofthe cheese-oling festival. havo with me Leslie Sharp, ‘one cf last year's winners. Leslie, so this event happens every yor, right? Every yoar yes, atthe end of May. |r Ihave to say it seems prety crazy. What happens? E Well, everyone meets here at the top ofthe hill Then we roll abig round of cheese down the hill and everyone runs aherit [E_And the winners the person who gets to the bottom of the hil st? L: Thats fight, they get the cheese as a prize. Ir And you also have to try to catch the cheese? LL Tryto yes. but usually nobody does, The cheese rls too, fast, Ik The hills very steep. Init abit dangerous? L: Woll,yes, there are usually afew accidents, yes. But we hove eam fom he oa hospital wating athe itm of 1: Oh, yes, lean see an ambulance there LL That’ right They/l lok after any people who are injured There are lots of people here today. Is this a big tourist traction? L Oh; isa great attraction. We get people fom all over the world South America, Japan, China... Is becoming really inemationa. Its shame that the weathers bad today hope stops raining before the aces begin. L: Yes, isnot very nice, but that won't stop the races. I was pretty wet when Ion last year E And you're hoping to win again? L: Of course, 2 1 = Interviewer, B = Barry Hooper Well tsa beautiful day here in Port Lincoln, There ae cof people here enjoying the sunshine and alo enjoying this year’ Port Lincoln festival. Ym talking to Barty Hooper, one of the organizers BH I: So this your summer festival? B: Yes, we have this festival every summer atthe end of January I: lean see theres lots happening, but | want to ask you about one of the competitions B: Ah, thik know which one, Its the tuna throwing competition, sight? I: Yes. leit tue that you're going to be throwing fish? B: Absolutely. Yes. Port Lincoln famous a2 fishing port 1EAbig contre forthe tuna fishing industry B: That’ right. So it shows how important tuna fishing is for the town |r So, what exactly happens? B: Well, ou have a big frozen tuna fish anc you te a rope to it Than you have to see how far you can throw i Ik And how far do people throw it? B: Well the world records thirty-seven point two three metres That was back in nineteen ninety eight and no one has thrown it further than that yet. I: Wow So, are you hoping for anew world record this year? B: Who knows? Maybe somoone here can break it. I: Well there are lots of people here, B: Oh, yeah, we get over twenty thousand people coming in from ail over South Australia, There lots of things happening music, shows, lots of local art and craft you can buy I: So, for people who don't want to throw a fic, thera ls cof ether things you can do, Bs Right. 13B, Page 108, Exercises 2 and 3 ‘A= Woman, B= Man A Loften visit our offices in Boston and New York. 1: Oh, often go to Boston, too. eal ike i A: es, me, t09. imericans ar so friendly A: Do people there ever inte you to their homes for meals? 2: Yes, ts happened many times.‘A: One ofthe tings Hind surprising is Americans often give ‘me. tow ofthe house ~ show me all the rooms. B: Thats happened to me, too. ‘A: | dda’ know wat to say at fist. seomed strange to look ‘ound another person's home, B: You don't do that in Germany? ‘A: No, and found t embarassing, had to say lots of rice thogs and admire everyting think just how Americans make us welcome ‘As Yes thats right. At fist thought they were conceitad about theirhouses B: Perhaps Germans are more modest? ‘A: No, I don't think its that. think it’s just a custom, B: Yes, that’s right. A: And then after awhile, | stopped feeling embarrassed! and | started to enjoy seeing their homes. B: They‘ interesting, Everything’ very bigin America ‘compared with Britain ~ the furniture, beds, washing machines. [A: And the refigerators are enormous. 8: Oh, that was something that interested me. | once went 10. party in Boston where the guests took chinks from the ‘ofhigerator. They didn't ask the host fist. ‘A: Thay just helped themselves? 8B: Yes. found that strange. If they wanted a cold drink, they ‘opened the fridge and took one A: Thats strange. Bi: | quess its just the American way, 13C, Page 111, Exercises 4 and 5 Jeremy, L = Louise, M = Maria J Hi, Louise L: Jeremy, hello! J: ts nice to see you again. L You too. You look very wel J: And you: Let me take your coat Thanks, J: Did you have any trouble getting through security? L No, twas fine. | realy love this meeting room. What 3 ‘wonderful view. J: Yes, its great, inti? You can see the Lonclon Eye from re. Look, L Oh, yes. J: Maria will be herein a minute, Make yourself comfortable, Have a seat: Can plug in my laptop? 1 Yos, of cours ... Ah, hore Maria [MéLouise! Lovely to see you! L You, too. 1:You look wonderful. love your new haircut LE My hairdresser persuaded me to try a new: tt looks really nica. It really suits you. L Oh, thank you. J: Coffee? Yes, thank you. J Black or white? BBat LL Black’ fine, thanks. just told Jeremy. We have such a rice ‘meting room today. h, well I cant take credit for that, Jeremy booked it. L Thank you, Jeremy. 4: Is that a new laptop? Ls Yes. 4: The screen's realy nice. LL its OK butts not vary fat. It takes a long time to boot up. J Coffee, Maria? , please. 13C, Page 111, Exercise 7 I= Jeremy, L= Louise, M= Maria 1 J: OK. Lets star work on the document, L Fine, [M:We want to tall you, wo really lke your work on this project so far 1L:Thank you very much. Thats vory kind of you. 4: We'd lea to go through yaur document today and look for ‘ways to improvelt. L Fine, 2 J: Your market research is very good and well presented. L Thad alot of help. twas team effort. fe have some questions and also some suggestions. LOK. a L: So, thats a problem? Yes, Do you understand whats wrong? 1 Yes, Don't worry. Il change Thank you. You're so helpful and flexible L No, it easy to change. It won't take long, 4 4J: There are some very interesting suggestions her. Ys, they're excellant. Wall done. L The suggestions came from customer feedback. We did 2 J: We'd like more information on the market. It cauld really take us forward. LL No problem. Well do another survey and get some more feedback J: Thats great. You're always so helpful ~ its really nico ‘working with you. [L: Wall | always enjoy working with you, too. 13D, Page 112, Exercises 4 and 5 A= Angie, E= Elaine, M=Max, $= Stove A: Hallo, Hi Helo, A: Lovely to s00 you. ‘St Come in, come in. ‘A: So glad you could come. ‘These are for you. ‘A: Oh, they're beautiful. Thank you so much,4 Babies are often born on Tuesdays. Yes, Tuesdays, Infact Sixteen per cent more babies are bom on Tuesdays than any cother day ofthe week. Its strange if you think about tA lot of ‘babies don't decide when to artive any more, Hospitals decide instead, 14C, Page 119, Exercise 11 1 ‘One Saturday moming last Apri Giovia Johnson left herhouse ‘and she did't come home for fe days. Nobody knows where she went or what happened to her in that time. Gloria doesn’t know and her family dor‘t know. Lacies and gentlemen, today Idlike to talk about memory loss and Altheimer’ disease. 2 ‘You'te walking along the street when a homeless person asks _you for money. You've got twenty dollars in your pocket and you wor't mist Should you give them the money? Or should you keep walking? Today I lke to answer that question and, tell you about some charities that work wth homeless people 3 ‘Afomous witer once said, ‘Getting fied is nature's way of telling Us we're in the wrong jobs’ Well, ve been fred three times since left school and every time | was inthe wrong job. But 've found the right job now and | can help you find the Fight ob, too. Today m going to tel you about the services we offer at my employment agency 4 Babies are often born on Tuesdays. Yes, Tuesdays. Infact sixteen per cent more babies are bor on Tuesdays than any cther day of the week. I's stange if you think about it. A lot of babies don't decide when to arrwe any more, Hospitals decide instead. And thats what I lke to talk about today: how hospitals schedule their work 415A, Page 123, Exercises 5 and 6 ‘A= Man 1, B=Man2 ‘A: So thiss the birthplace of Sticon Valley? B: Yes, itll began here —a garage ina backyard, ‘A: How did Bll and Dave meet? B: They were both students at Stanford University i's just up the road. ‘A: What were they studying? B: Electrical engineering, They weren't studying computer science because the subject didn't exist back then. It was the hineteen thirties. ‘A: The nineteen thirties? There was a great depression at that time, 3s twas a very dificult ime. A lot of companies were failing. A: How did they survive? B: Wel, they were both good businessmen. Bill Hewlett was 2 feat inventor and Dave Packard was good at marketing, 15B, Page 124, Exercises 3 and 4 T= Toby, K= Keith ; Toby, where have you been? T: Nowhere. Why? K: Why didn't you answer the phone T: Were you trying to reach me? K: Yes, I ang at about ten T: Oh, | was probably in the basement K: called your mobile, too. TT Ah yes, theres no signal down there. What were you doing in the basement? E Iwas looking for some old files. K: When I'm aut, you need to stay in the office to answer the phones. Yes, Keith K¢ Then I called again about an hour later ‘TE Oh There was a fire alarm and everyone had to leave the building, K: ls everything OK? Yes, don't wory, It wasn'ta real fire. think someone was smoking and they set off the alarm by accident. Kz Was it you? T: Me? No, no, | wasn't smoking. | was working when the alarm went off : Oh, wel, Ive got you now: Listen, mon my way back to the office $0. 15C, Page 126, Exercise 2 ‘On my way to the meeting, there was an accident and the car in front of me was hit by @ truck. Everyone was OK but there was along delay <0 | was very late It was impossible to turn the clock back half an hour but | had to try to do my best. So Iran as fast as | could and | apologized when |arved. Of course the accident wasnt my fault but | didn't mention it because | didn't want ta make excuses. | alt should accept resporsibility. 15C, Page 127, Exercises 7, 8 and 9 1 ‘A= Man, B= Woman ‘A: Did you remember to lock the garage door? B: Oh, H forgot. Oh, B: 'm sony. The phone was ringing so | was rushing to answer it A: its OK, B: | usually cemembet. I'l go and lockit nom. A: No, don't worry I doit. B Thanks, dating 2 ‘A= Woman, B = Man ‘A: That email sent you was private, Yes, 'm so sony. ‘A; But you sentit to the rest of the team. B: | wasn't thinking clearly ‘A: | felt embarrassed, BE I'm really sory. 'm usually so careful about things like that ‘A: Wall its too late now. won't happen again, | promise. z A= Woman, 8 = Men ‘A: Coming... coming ... Oh, i's you.xz B: I've been knocking for ages A:Really? B: Yes, what took you so long? ‘A:I'm sony, The radio was on and | did't hear you. B: Oh, | see. A: didn't mean to ignore you. Bs Iteall right. Forget 15D, Page 128, Exercises 4 and 5 {heard @ funny story the other day, it was about a rice old lady. She was walking along the street when she saw two. young boys at the front door ofa house. She thought perhaps they were locked out. They were trying to ring the doorbell butt was too high up. The boys were very small and they couldn't reach it. Here, let me help you,'the old lady sai ‘So she pressed the bell and gave ia long ring. Thanks, now ‘unt shouted the boys. When she turned round she saw ther running away down the sveet. So it ust goes to show that 15D, Page 129, Exercises 7 and 8 ‘A funny thing happened to me afew years ago. |was giving a ‘raining course on some project planning software, There were six people in the dass and five of them were working hard. But the sath one was looking really bored. So at lunchtime | spoke Privately with her and asked ifthe course was useful for her. ‘Wel, actually’ she sai, this isthe fourth time I've done this course’ Iwas surprised. ‘Why does your boss keep sending you on the same course?’ | asked. ‘Do you find it difficult to learn?’ ‘Oh, no, she said. ' know how to plan projects, but! hate doing it. So | always tell my boss I cant! Sot just goes to show that 16A, Page 130, Exercises 2 and 4 1 1 Interviewer, H™= Heike Keller : With us today on ‘Dream jobs, i Heike Keller Weleame Heike. Ht: Thankyou. t: Heike, Im sure everyone would lve yourjob. Can you tell us what you do for alvin? He Yes, 'ma chocolate taster. I: Sosomeone pays you money to taste choclate? Hives who? H: Well, work fora large department store in London and my |b isto travel and find the best chocolato~in this country and abroad So buy chocolate forthe store and Ihave to taste a lot of ally top quality chocolate te How did you find hist? H: My fiend sa it advertised and they told me about it They knew Fed hove it : And do you? H:Oh, yes, I: Isthere anything you dont ike about it? H: Well Fd prefer to trove less and stay hme a tle more ~ but get to #96 some wonderul places. So this isthe perfact job for me. Fdhate to lore Could you ever get ted of eating it? H: Tired of eating chocolate? I Yes. H: Ohno, that'd be impossible. 2 1 = interviewer, P= Pior Bente |: With me today is Par Benitez PH tr Plaris personal shopper fora department store in London. Pilar what exec does personel shopper do? P: Walla clon ings the store and books an appointment with me. Then we meet and we have a chat about what they I: Uhuh, P: Then take them onto the shop floor and help thern choose the right clothes. I: So you spend your days shopping? P: Exactly I: My teenage daughter would love your jo. flee shopping ard chosing doth, tthe ie o> 1 Do you have any famous clients? P: Oh yes. | have several singers and | also have one very famous politician who’ a regular lent. k: Who? P: I'drather not say their name. Oohhht Pe: Sorry, but I don't think he'd want people to know. | What would you lke to change about your job? P: Well, sometimes I'd lik alitie more free time, but no, really... itso satisfying when my clients look great. | wouldn't want to do anything else. a 1 Interviewer, M= Malcolm White Him at the Areacium Hotel taday and with me is Malooin White. Malcolm, can you tell everyone your job title? (M&Yes, 'm the sleep director. 1: That’ a very strange job tle, What exactly does a sleep director do? [M:Wall its my job to stayin all our diferent hotels around the county and check that we provide the best possible ‘conditions fora good night’ sleep. So you're the quality control manager? (M:That's ight. We're a hotel chain, so our products a good night’ sleep, We wouldh't want to sell a product that wasnt tested. I: Sots your job to sleep well [METhat right. also speak to other guests and find out how they slept. And | meat sales representatives and collect information on new bede and bedroom furniture, Ik Is there anything you dont lke about your job? 'MEOh, no. | wouldn't want to change a thing. Can you think of anather job where you're paid to have the most relaxing tine possible? |r And nobody can fre you for sleeping on the job. MiBxacty! 16B, Page 132, Exercises 2 and 3 A= Woman, B= Man{Ita difcut question, What would you say? B: | think Fd tell the truth. A: So you'd say your friend was traveling at thirty-five miles an hour? : Yeah, l wouldh’t want tole. twauldr't be right: What about you? A: itd depend, What would happen to my fiendif told the smut? B: Will, we don’t know how serious the accident was. But if the pedestrian died, perhaps he'd go to prison. Ac In that cae, is e08y i, B: You'd le? A: Ys. B: Bur f the accident was serous, itd be more important 10 tell the wth, I don't see it ike that, I the accident was serious, my friend ‘would realy need my help. 16C, Page 134, Exercises 4 and 5 A=Woran, ‘A: We're running a lt of courses for Chathams next month B: Theyte a very good customer A: 'mwortid because they've booked five different courses (on the same day and we only have four trainers. B: [know We've overbooked, ‘A: dle to tll to them and explain. We could ty to reschedule ane ofthe courses... OK? 2: Well, erm ‘A: What the problem? 8B: Do we want to tel hem that we can'thandle five courses ‘on one dey? {A Irn aaid they need to know, Br I thought we might wait a tle while 'A: No, | think we'd better tll them now. They need to reorganize their schedules. 'B: What 'm saying is we don't want ham to think we can't handle their busines, ‘A: 'monly going to reschedule ane course, B: Thay might tink we're too small and find another training supplier ‘A: But we have no choice B: They sometimes cancel courses atthe last minute, A: Yes, but whatifthey don't? B: | think we should wait and see ithey cancel ist. ‘Ait t00 risky. We have to ask them to reschedule now. 16D, Page 137, Exercises 2 and 3 1 {faking your ife fs wrong, then why do we have coastguard? Rules are important, but ina fe and death situation you have 10 throw the rulebook out ofthe window 2 Ifa member ofthe public climbed down a cif and rescues someone, they would be ahero. Why was Paul Waugh reprimanded? is nat fait, 3 Perhaps we don't know the fll stor. It makes no senso. Why ‘dd they reprimand Paul when he brought so much positive publicity tothe coastguard? 4 | think the Coastguard Organization was right. Paul was lucky to sunive, ether coastguards behaved lke hi, more people would de, 5 [think Paul Waugh just wanted publicity. Why did he go on a radbo show? Why couidr't he resign quietly? 6 Pauls managers are crazy What would they do if their child was hanging from a cif? Go and get their rlebooks?Sitow ren yew) Present tenses oe pooitt |p resent le Petayaaraele ieipece es sent simpl Present continuous page 165 = he seer, en se the present spl to talk about regular atts, long-term stustions Present perfect page 165, _and things that are always true. Pat tenses page 166 | Ipley ootbal every Sturdy. eee me 8 She wera fre software company = ae Cuntomers wan lw prices pes pooe || gout rete Ee Pas ae “Affirmative sentences ‘WYou/We/They work. Future forms and modal Cefetase ermal the ves | HoShe/t works. eae page 168 | [Ace to thd parson forme ee page 168 | | Negative sentences Te dow work Usedoice nod Mo dowsn’t work, cept oaee page 168 Use doesn’t (does not) with third Themodalverbwit page 49 |_| person forms. = Fee einen conser |) [cusetons ‘De Vyoutwofthey work? pe poe eae Use do or does. Does he/she/it work? Odlgsonandpasson Were do you won? eon pee Short answers ‘Do you work in 2 garage? Yes, | do. Condtional sentences page 171 | [Use door coos. Deda poy cash? No he dows Theft conctonal nd a ae eaceee ager | Spelling of third person forms Thesecondcondivoral page 71 | (1 Reguarveris [+s [spook speate “The passive page 171 2 do ond 90 bes | 0077 does: fs Nouns and adjectives page 172 2 4 3 Vos ening with a ‘Countable and uncountable ‘ss, ch, shor x sounds watch —* watches: nouns page 172 a wash — washes -ing forms, page 172 Z fix fines Compaaties and 4 vero encingin |e | ty tos ‘wperative adjectives page 173 gonsonantty | Numbers page 174 Pronunciation roger ver et race 176 | The pronuncaton ofthe thd persons depends how the verb ends, Some English consonants are voiced and some are unvoiced. Place two fingers on your throat. Say ‘sass. Then say ‘22227’, You should feel no vibration when yousay "2 and vibration when you Say “. The vibration comes from voicing, ‘Some voiced sounds are: In, vm Some unvoiced sounds are: pk ft "[erba ending with voiced sounds: | call, leams, receives, comes, plays Pronounce the sas /2/ goes ‘Verbs ending with an unvoiced sound: | stops, talks, laughs, supports, looks Pronounce the sa5/s/ | Special cases passes, advises, fixes, changes, Verbs ending witha ‘hissing’ sound: | watches ‘Add an extra syllable: efFrequency adverbs Wie usualy pace fraquancy adverbs before the main ver | sometimes carry business cards. He usually remembers my name. Frequency adverbs usualy come ater the verb be. 1am often out of th office. Lite is generally more interesting f we hove lots of friends. Present continuous Use \We use the present continuous to tak about curent activities or short-term activites 11m checking my email at the moment: ‘She's training forthe New York marathon. ‘Theew are some verb that we donot usually use in thelr continuous form Because thay describe states, not ‘activities. Examples are want, need know and have in the ‘sense of oun of passes). Present perfect Use ‘We use the present perfect to speak about the past and the present together We use ito talk about: 11 Present results - pat ations with results that are important inthe present: We've improved the designs botternow) Ive finished the report. You can have itnow) ‘We often use the present perfect to give news: He's just bought a new house. They've updated their website. 2. Unfinished actions - actions or states that began inthe pat and are stil continuing now. We've known each another for ten years. "ve had a cold since Tuesday In these sontences, wo use for with a point time and since with a period of time: ‘She's worked here since 2008, He's Bved hove for five years. Form 8 (Raknais soreness | om wang ‘ row Use the ver be + the -ing Past ¢——_|—__________}-_ + Future form ofthe verb, ees [Negative sentences You aren't working 3 Experience - fished actions that happened at an Use the negate form ofthe | He isn’t working indefnce time inthe past verb be. = ‘Jove that film, He seen itthree times. three times in my Questions "Am | working? lie before now) Change the word odor. | Are you/wo/they working? She's worked in four difernt countries. ts part of her Is he/she/it working? life's experience} ‘Short answers ‘Ae you looking fr me? Have you ever bean to Pari? fat anytime upto ow) Use the vers be, Yes, fam. /No, Fm not ‘ve never seen that bofore. (ot at ay time my if) pilaf ed For information on when we use the present perfect and the Lt ——/ past simple, see page 167. Spelling Form 1 Vetbs | Dropthe ebefore | write + writing ‘Affirmative sentences WoulWe/They have |endingine _|-ing. a Use haverhas + pat participle, | finished the 2 Verbs | Doublethe | get = geting regular verbs sometimes have | He/She has fished the endngina |consonantafter | begin » begining | | special pastpartcpleform. | report Single vowel | stressed lables. | happen > happening | |For alist ofieguler verbs see. | /You/We/They have been taangle | Dont double page 176. totaly consonant | the consonant jeeps Ti) Hlo/Shelthas been 0 kay. after unstressed ‘Negative sentences ‘WYou/We/They haven't — ‘Use has/hasn't+ past done this before. 3 Teand die paricple +He/She/lehasn® done this = before ‘Questions | Have i/you/welhey ever Change the word order. done tis bafore? Hashe/she/t ever been to Hain? Where have you been? ‘Short answers: ‘Has she written to you yet? Use hasmave or hasnhaven. | Yes, she has Have you seen Peter? Se oo eeePast tenses Past simple Use ‘We use the past simple to talk about fished actions and situations in the past, One common use isto tell stores went to @ bithday party last weekend and met an old friend. (One day, she decided to set up her own business. A funny thing happened to me last morth. Form ‘Affirmative sentences: [work worked ‘Add -edto the base form ofthe vor. Wourtie/She/t/Wo/They worked. ‘There's no special thie person form. Inegular verbs have a special past form. See page | The train left at ton, 17 fora lit of regular vere Wie drove to the station, ‘The past form of beis was and were, He/She/te was in Paris. 1 We/YouThey were in Cairo. Negative sentences Ie didn't work. Use kid's (did nod) + the base form of the verb. | Thettrain didn’ leave on time. With the verb be, use wssnt (vas not) and weren't | He wasn’t at the meeting. cs | We weren't ate. a =| Questions Did it work? Use cid + the base form ofthe ver. What time did the tain leave? With the verb be, change the word order Was he at the meeting? Were you late? Short answers id they win? Yes, they did. /No, they didn’t. Use cid/dicn't ‘Was he successful? Yes he was. / No, he wasn’t With the verb be, use wasfnere or were/weren't | Were you late? Yes, I was. /No, | wasn’t Spelling of regular verbs Verbs endingine ‘Add d [ive tved 2 Verbs ending na single vowel + | Double the consonant afer stressed sylabes. | stop stopped ‘single consonant Don't double the consonant after unstressed | prefer + preferred syllables. happen + happened 3. Verbs ending ina consonant + y | Change yt fod. wy tod J Pronunciation of regular verbs “The pronunciation of regula verbs depends on whather the vet ending i void or unvoiced ‘Some voiced sounds are: bd, 9. j,/.m.n. Guz Some unvoiced sounds ae 6p 51 x For more information on volced and unvoiced contonens, see page 164 ‘Verbs ending in voiced sounds: ‘leaned, retired, planned, earned, ecaived, changed, end witha /d/ sound,e.g. cleaned _| discovered, happened, trainad, opened Verbs ending in unvoiced sounds: washed, asked, focused, talked, worked, based, placod, [end with 3 /Y sound,e.g. washed __| looked, stopped, missed, promised Verbs ending wih a //or/A/soune: | wanted, needed, created, speeded up, exceeded, add an extra sylable:d/, €.9. wantad_| depended, contacted, decided, visited, mended “Make sure you pronounce the eta syllable with verbs ending with a// or /4/ sound, The entra sale is pronounced 47, not fe vant one silable) wanted two syllables) ‘eed (ne sable) needed two sflables)Past simple vs present perfect Use ‘We use both these tenses to describe actions that started or ended in the past. Which tense we select depends on whether: 1 we'we refering to.a definite or indefinite time. the action i finished or unfinished, We often use time expressions lke recently, aka, yet, since, ever, never and justwith the present perfect We often use time expressions lke yesterday, ago, last night/week/month, etc. with the past tense ee eo ‘Have you seen John recently? id you see John yesterday? We've already met. | We met when we were at university, Has the meeting finished yet? ‘The meeting fished an hour age. We haven't spoken since Frcay. We saw each other last Friday. Have you ever been to Tokyo? {visited the Tokyo office in 2008. ve never been t0 Greece. We didn’t visit Athens lost year. The show has just started. | The show started at 7:30. Unfinished actions Finished actions ‘She's worked here since 2008. (She stil works here) ‘She worked herein 2008, ve had this cell phone for three months. (\stilhave it) __| had the phone for three months but then fost it (don't have it any more) Britis speakers use the present perfect slighty more in conversation than American speakers. American speakers somatimes use a past tnse where only a present perfects possible in British English British and American speakers both we yt, already and jus with the present perfect. ave you done it yet? ve atenay cone it. ve Just fished. (@xE and AE) American speakers might aso use a past tense with yet and already. id you do it yet? |v atenay a it (Ame) British and American speakers both use just wih he pas tense to describe something that happened a moment a6. | bia you just cat ma? British speakers generally use just with the present perect o give news ve just passed my civing test! ‘rican speakers might say this, to, but they ako use the pat tens to ive rows. ‘st passed my cving test Past continuous Use \We use the past continuous to talk about the background situation in a story ‘We were living in Pars atthe time. Ie was raining £0 | offered him ait They were working on the top floor when the fie alarm went off Form ‘Affirmative sentences He was studying. Use wasivere + te ing form ofthe vor Wo were wearing socurty badges. Negative sentences He wasn't studying. Use wasn was nod and weren' (were no They weren't wearing socurty badges ‘Questions (Was he studying? | Change the word order. What were you doing? | Short answers Was he studying? Yes, he was. Use water or wasn'Awerent Were they wearing security badges? No, they weren't a =a ees oe Se)mmar reference Future forms and modal verbs ‘There are many cfferent ways to talk about the future in English. The form we choose depends on the situation and how certain. we feel Sometimes there are no important differences in meaning fm going to be 40 next year. 1 be 40 next your 11m going to come to the meeting on Friday. (intend to be there.) {fm coming to the meeting on Friday. (t's planned arrangement) Sometimes the forms indicate diferent mearings: Er. OK, Il come to the meeting. ('m deciding now.) {fm going to come to the meeting. ve already decided) {'m coming to the meeting. /m going to come to the meeting. (t's definite) | might come to the meeting. /I may come to the meeting. (i's not certain) going to Use ‘We often use the expression going to 1 total abou intentions and future plans {Ym going to visit my sistor tomorrow. (I've bought my ticket and she's expecting me.) The company is going to adopt a clear- desk policy (They've already made the decision) 2 hon we can 208 now that somathing will happen in the future: There are black clouds. i's going to rain The train's delayed. We're going to be late. Form ‘Affirmative sentences ‘We're going to tidy up the office. Use be going to + the base form ofthe verb. [1m only going to say tis once. 7 Negative sentences We're not going to clean up. Use the negative form of the verb be, He an’ going to arrive in time. ‘Questions ‘Are you going to employ 2 profesional organizer? ‘Change the word order ofthe verb bo. _ __| What's he going to do? a ‘Short answers is he going o come lator? Use the verb be. Yes, he is. /No, ho isa. Are we going to be late? Yes, wo are. /No, we're notaren't We don't usualy use going fo with tho ver go. We prefer other future forms like the present continuous or wil. im going to Pai. igo to Paris aga bgt Par Present continuous Use We often use the present continuous to talk about future plane and arrangements. ‘Wo're meeting at 3:30 on Thursday. (sin my diary.) 1m not seeing him on Friday (W's not planned.) What time are you arriving? (Whats the schedule?) Form For information on the form of the present continuous, see page 165.The modal verb will Use We often use wil 1 when we're making predictions: In the future, people will retire at 70. Chinese will become an important language for business. 2. when we're deciding something at the moment of speaking: A:l’s raining. BB: Then I'l take an umbrella, 3 to make offers and promises: (Ml doit fr you Well give you aif 4 in sentences with if{see notes on conditional page, 171) Hf you walle more, you'l feel refreshed. Form a ‘Rfirmative sentences Tifsee you on Friday Use wil(or th + the base form of the verb. | She will take questions at the and of hor There sno special he/she frm. speech. aaa Negative sentences Use wont ul + no Ho won't be hore for at leat half an hour ‘Questions Change the word order What time wil he get here? ‘Short answers Use willaon't Wilt work? Yes, twill /No, t won't Future possibility modals Use ‘We use may, might and could to tak about future possibilities. They indicate actions are possible but not certain: may be isto. / might be late. /| could be lato. (t's a possibilty) We aso use could to say things are possible and we often use it to make suggestions: We could cal his mobile and see if he answers. Form “May/might/couldhave no special third | | may need some help. person form, ‘Sho might not get here in time. possibilities, brn — ____| We could ask Say if she's reo. i We general use mightin negative Sho might not got here on time. sentences and questions aboutfuture | What probloms might we have?Obligation and permission modals Use 1 canand can't We can use can and can't talk about things that are or arent allowed or permitted Ce eit (8) Yu can't park here during the daytime. You ean park here after six o'clock at night. 2 must, have to, and need 10 ‘Wo uso must, have to and need to to describe things that are necessary or obligatory. We must /have te / need to tur lft here. -Mustis the strongest verb. We rarely use must to give orders ‘thar people but we might se must to give odes I must lose weight. We must go on a diet. Have to and need to are mote commen I have to log on to the computer system, Youneed to give mea password. In spoken English, people abo use want to when they re giving instructions. Don't tell anyone your password, You want to keep it secret 3 mustn't, don'thave to and don't need to The positive forms of must, have to and need to have similar ‘meanings. But the negative forms are cifferent. You don't have to drive at 70 miles per hour but you _mustn' drive more than 70 miles per hour [Mustn’t describes things that are forbidden or nat allowed Employees must not accept valuable gifts from clients Hurry up! We mustn't be lat. Don't have to and don't need to describe things that are not necessary We have plenty of time. You don't have te hurry. es only a smal gift. You don’t need te report it ‘We can also say needh'tinstead of don't need to. The ‘meanings ave the same. Wes OK Youneedn’t tol anyone. 4 should anc shouldh’t Should and shouldn't are weaker forms of must and must’ You must read the documents. is necessary) You should read the documents. a goodiea~the comect thing 0 do) You must€ tll anyone your password: ts obicen) You shouldn't tll anyone your password. ts nota good idea} We often use should with think to exchange opinions | think we should tick tothe agenda in mecting. {dont think people should take mobila phone callin mectings Do you think we should hold mootings standing uo? Yes, do. /No, done "American speakers use must es frequently than Bish ‘speakers and they do ot use the contraction must Instead of must, they might say have fF required 1, iste of mast they might say no lowed to. ‘We hae to meet the targets We're raguied to moot te targets ‘We'e nat lowed to tei anyone our password. Jong as you wart. must remember to switch cof th lights. shouldn't re | “There iso special tha person form. Negative sentences ‘Add not mustn't forget We shoulde’t worry about ‘Questions ‘Can | wear joans? Change the word ordee ‘Must I report this? Should I wear a sult aod ‘Semimodals: have to, need to al ‘Affirmative sentences | He has to tell his customer ‘Add $1 third person forms. | about right away. ‘She needs to ask her boss iftts OK. ve sentences You don’t have to report it Use don't (do notvdoesnt | He doesn’tneed toraport (Goss not. it, ‘Questions De Ihave to attend the Change the word order. | meeting? Does tho mocting have to bbe on Monday? De not use foafter full mada verbs. You should report tis. NOT Howe shouis to report thiConditional sentences Conditional sentences have two of more clauses joined with if We use them in two kinds of situations. 11 Normal situations where we use normal vet forms. twa charge for parking, more employees willl to Life more interesting f you have a ot of frends. its not the right size, bring it back 1 you're going to keep staring at me and Ym going to keep staring back, we should introduce ourselves. See the notes below on fist conditionals for more examples. 2. Imaginary or urea stuations where we den't use normal verb forme, If had a problem, my frlend would support me. (= Imaginary because I don't have a problem) #1 were you, Id tellthe truth (= unreal because m not you) ‘See the notes on the right on second conditional for more examples Punctuation ‘The ifclause can be the fst or the second part of the sentence. When it comes atthe beginning, we usually put 3 ‘comma between the two clauces. You'l fe! better f you do some exercise you de some exercise, youll fee better. 1d feel terrible if the gi fll 1 the jl fl, feel teribe. The first conditional and similar forms Use We use the frst conditional to tak about a possibly inthe futur, The ifclause contains the condition and the other