Halalan-Toyyiban Concept Halal is an Arabic word which defined as lawful or permitted as

prescribed by Islam [18]. Toyyib means wholesome, pure, nutritious and safe. According to
[2], the term Halal encompasses cleanliness and hygiene in food preparation because
cleanliness is part of religion and Allah only permits hygienic, safe and Halal products for
Muslims consumer. This is clearly highlighted in the following ayah of the holy Quran where
He says: O mankind! Eat the lawful and good things out of what is in the earth, and do not
follow the footsteps of Satan; surely he is your open enemy. (Surah Al-Baqarah: 168).
Toyyib can also be defined as high-quality goods and products which are clearly reflected in
Allah's command in Surah Al-Baqarah Verse 172, O ye who believe! Eat of the good things
wherewith We have provided you, and render thanks to Allah if it is (indeed) He whom ye
worship. 'Good things' in the verse refers to products that are good and pure in terms of
quality and Halalness [44]. This verse also encourages Muslims to find sustenance and
consume food which is Halal and toyyib as it ensures a better and healthier life that will
result in better attitudes and behaviors [29]. In this era of technology, the Halal concept
should not be characterized only as food that is free from pork in its physical presence, but
it covers an abundance of groups, for example, additives such as stabilizers, flavouring,
colouring and other related additives, emulsifiers and other food ingredients such as gelatin,
enzymes, lecithin, and glycerin. In the recent development of food technology, the issue
that has turned into the most discussed topics is genetically modified food or GM food [46].
The overall conclusion that can be assembled from the discussions is that the ingredients of
these foods are Halal as they follow to the permitted level of addition in order to maintain
the toyyiban aspect in term of food safety and safe for consumption.

The concept of halal cosmetics covers all aspects of the management

system. It is not only focusing on the aspect of production, including
sourcing of halal ingredients, but all elements must be accounted for,
such as a manufacturing procedure, storage packaging and logistics.
Ambali, A.R. and A.N. Bakar, 2014. People's Awareness on Halal Foods and Products: Potential Issues
for Policy-Makers. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 121: 3-25.

Khalek, A.A., 2014. Young Consumers Attitude towards Halal Food Outlets and JAKIM's Halal
Certification in Malaysia. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 121: 26-34.

Omar, E.N., H.S. Jaafar and M.R. Osman, 2013. Halalan Toyyiban Supply Chain of the Food Industry.
Journal of Emerging Economies and Islamic Research, 1 (3): 1-12.

Yunus, A.M., W.M.Y.W. Chik and M. Mohamad, 2010. The Concept of Halalan Tayyiba and Its
Application in Products Marketing: A Case study at Sabasun HyperRuncit Kuala Terengganu,
Malaysia. International Journal of Bussiness and Social Science, 1 (3): 239-248.

Zakaria, Z., 2008. Tapping Into the World Halal Market: Some Discussions on Malaysian Laws and
Standards. Shariah Journal, 16 (3): 603-616.
There are thousands of technical and patented names for cosmetic ingredients, and many
ingredients, which are known by one name, can be of animal, vegetable, or synthetic origin.
And almost all say they are made from natural sources.

FYI, natural sources can also mean animal or vegetable sources, and most often in the
cosmetics industry, it means animal sources, such as animal elastin, glands, fat, protein, and
oil.

Hidden Animal-Origin Ingredients in Your Cosmetics.

http://halalmedia.net/hidden-animal-origin-ingredients-in-your-cosmetics/.

Every ounce of pig 05049 was used, helping create an astonishing 185 products.
Here are some of the more surprising uses for the animal- and the diagram to show
just which bit of the beast, from the trotter to the snout is used where:

Chemical weapons testing: because of the pigs similarly to the human tissue.
Ice cream: gelatine regulates the sugar crystallisation and slows down the melting
process.
Fabric softener: fatty acids from bone fat give colour.
Shampoo: fatty acids from bone fat are used to give them a pearl like appearance
Soap: fatty acids from bone fat act as hardening agent and give colour.
Toothpaste: glycerine from the is used to give toothpaste texture.
Face mask: with collegen to help reduce wrinkles and lines.

The 185 Different Uses of Pig

http://halalmedia.net/the-185-different-uses-of-pig/
3.6.1 Pilot Study
In this study, a pilot study has been executed after the development of questionnaires
before a large scale study is being carried out. The purpose of the pilot study is to pre-
test the adequacy of the instrument and to assess whether respondents are able to
understand the questions before the actual set of questionnaires were distributed. The
important of the pilot studies to detect ambiguity or bias in the questionnaire
(Sekaran, 2003). In this research, the pilot study was implemented among the Muslim
student. Thirty (30) sets of questionnaire were distributed during that time.

3.6.2 Reliability Test

To highlight the tendencies of correlation, internal consistency of the final items was
measured with Cronbachs coefficient alpha. Stability of scores in a test-restest
approach tend to correspond with a test of scale with high internal consistency,
therefore, coefficient alpha is used to estimate the reliability (Gregory, 2000). It is
evident that, as the correlation between items in a scale increase, so does Cronbachs
alpha of 0.7 in this study indicated an acceptable internal reliability, as recommended
by Nunnaly (1978).

The Cronbachs alpha for each the scales in provided in table 3.2, which shows that
the alpha for all of the scales is above 0.5, which indicates that they have good
internal reliability (Hair, 2003). The detail of the result can be referred in Appendix C.

3.10.1 Normality Test

Hair et al., (1998) suggest that normality data is perceived as a fundamental one in a
research conducted especially multivariate research. Normality also can be assessed to
some extent by obtaining skewness and kurtosis values. Normal distribution describes
the expected distribution of sample mean as well as many other change occurrences
(Hair et al., (2007). Therefore in this study, researchers run a normality test to make
sure the normality of distribution and checking of outliers. For the purpose of this
study, all the independent variables were tested by using SPSS to ensure no violation
of normality assumption using the explore procedure under SPSS. Through the
normality test, the outliers were removed from the analysis. According to Hair et al.,
(2007), an outliers is a respondent that has one or more values that are distinctly
different from the value of others respondents. Outliers also can impact the validity of
the researchers findings. Besides, the researcher eliminated the specific respondents
to avoid distorting or misrepresenting the findings. Then, after removed the outliers,
the results for normality can be assessed using the graphical analysis and statistical
test of normality.