Semana 3

Lea el siguiente texto tomado de Beer, F., Jhonston, Jr., DeWolf, J. y

Mazurek, D. (2012). Mechanics of Materials. Sexta edicin. New York.
(Anexo A10) y realice el ejercicio que se le indica:
Statically indeterminate structures: determination of the moment of
inertia of a composite area

Consider a composite area A made of several component parts A1, A2 and so

forth. Since the integral representing the moment of inertia of A may be
subdivided into integrals extending over A1, A2 and so forth, the moment of
inertia of A with respect to a given axis will be obtained by adding the
moments of inertia of the areas A1, A2, and so forth, with respect to the same
axis. The moment of inertia of an area made of several of the common shapes
shown in the table inside the back cover of this book may thus be obtained
from the formulas given in that table. Before adding the moments of inertia of
the component areas, however, the parallel-axis theorem should be used to
transfer each moment of inertia to the desired axis.

1. Traduzca de la manera ms ajustada al espaol. Compare su traduccin con

la de otros compaeros.

2. Identifique todos los adjetivos en el texto.

Semana 3
Nombre del taller:
Los adjetivos calificativos y los cognados
Objetivo de aprendizaje:
Identificar en el Ingls tcnico los adjetivos calificativos en sus respectivos grados teniendo
en cuenta el nombre modificado y as mismo identificar los cognados.

Descripcin del taller:

Los estudiantes leern detalladamente el texto extrado de Reinforced Concrete Structure
Desing Assistant Tool for Beginners escrito por Kang-Kyu Choi (2002) y desarrollarn los
puntos sealados al final del mismo:

Reinforced concrete structure

Concrete is one of the most popular materials for buildings because it has high
compressive strength, flexibility in its form and it is widely available, and the wood is the
least famous material in construction. The history of concrete usage dates back for over a
thousand years. Contemporary cement concrete has been used since the early nineteenth
century with the development of Portland cement.
Despite the high compressive strength, concrete has limited tensile strength, only about ten
percent of its compressive strength and zero strength after cracks develop.
In the late nineteenth century, reinforcing materials, such as iron or steel rods, began to be
used to increase the tensile strength of concrete. Today steel bars are used as common
reinforcing material. Usually steel bars have over 100 times the tensile strength of concrete;
but the cost is higher than concrete. So, the steel is as important material as concrete.
Therefore, it is most economical that concrete resists compression and steel provides
tensile strength.
Also it is essential that concrete and steel deform together and deformed reinforcing bars
are being used to increase the capacity to resist bond stresses.
Advantages of reinforced concrete can be summarized as follows (Hassoun, 1998).

It has a relatively high compressive strength.

It has better resistance to fire than steel or wood.
It has a long service life with low maintenance cost.
In some types of structures, such as dams, piers, and footing, it is the most economical
structural material.
It can be cast to take any shape required, making it widely used in precast structural
components.

Also, disadvantages of reinforced concrete can be summarized as follows:

It has a low tensile strength (zero strength after cracks develop).

It needs mixing, casting, and curing, all of which affect the final strength of concrete.
The cost of the forms used to cast concrete is relatively high. The cost of form material
and artisanry may equal the cost of concrete placed in the forms.
It has a lower compressive strength than steel (about 1/10, depending on material), which
requires large sections in columns of multistory buildings.
Cracks develop in concrete due to shrinkage and the application of live loads.

1. Extraer los adjetivos calificativos en grado positivo con sus respectivos sustantivos a los
cuales modifican. Por ejemplo: beautiful (adjetivo) house (sustantivo modificado)
2. Escribir las oraciones donde aparezcan adjetivos en grado comparativo de igualdad.
3. Escribir las oraciones que tengan adjetivos en grado comparativo de superioridad.
4. Escriba las oraciones donde aparezcan adjetivos en grado comparativo de inferioridad.
5. Escriba las oraciones con adjetivos en grado superlativo.
6. Escriba los cognados que encuentre con su adecuado equivalente en espaol.

Requisitos para el taller

1
Haber ledo la cartilla de la semana 3 sobre los temas exigidos para este taller. Ah podrn
revisar todos los conceptos con sus respectivos ejemplos y equivalentes al espaol para
identificar los grados de los adjetivos y los cognados del texto sobre Ingeniera civil.
Instrucciones:
La entrega la harn en grupos de 5 estudiantes en un documento en Word, letra Arial 12,
con una portada que describa sus nombre y grupo; otra hoja que contenga el desarrollo de
las 6 preguntas. Finalmente, otra hoja que abarque las conclusiones del grupo. Todo el
documento debe estar redactado en ingls con su equivalente en espaol, excluyendo la
portada.

Criterios para trabajar en equipo:

Todos asumirn una postura crtica y argumentativa repartindose de manera equitativa
los puntos a desarrollar; como tambin en la elaboracin de las conclusiones en donde
todos deben redactar un prrafo (mximo 10 lneas) en ingls con sus propios puntos de
vista sobre lo que significa este taller en sus desempeos como ingenieros civiles.

Criterios de evaluacin del taller:

Los criterios de evaluacin sern los siguientes:

Se determinar la habilidad de los estudiantes para identificar los diferentes grados de los
adjetivos y de los cognados, y por supuesto los equivalentes en castellano como de las
estructuras que los contengan.

Estructura de la presentacin del documento en Word ajustada a lo requerido, con buena

ortografa, buena redaccin y unas conclusiones que denoten la argumentacin crtica y
reflexiva de los estudiantes.

Semana 4
Lea el siguiente texto y realice el ejercicio que se le indica:
The renovation of the capitol building

The first major renovation of the United States Capitol Building was finally
completed in 1961. Eighteen months were required for the job, which took
place simultaneously with the extension of the east front of the building. The
dome, which was also renovated, was initially built during the Civil War. Its
construction resulted after President Lincoln urged completion of the
Capitols enlargement, which had been started a few years earlier.

Construction experts have frequently said that the 200-foot dome was a truly
remarkable achievement for the 1860s. Its primary support is an elaborate
system of thirty-six cast iron ribs. The ribs are evently spaced around the
domes circumference like the spokes of an umbrella. They rest entirely on
that section of the building.
Vocabulary:
Took place (to take place): suceder
Dome: cpula
Urged (to urge): solicitar con urgencia
Enlargement: ampliacin
Remarkable achievement: un logro notorio
Cast iron ribs: columnas de hierro colado

1. Extraiga los modificadores de los verbos del texto anterior y complete la

siguiente tabla: