9.2.

A donut-shaped space station (outer radius R) arranges for artificial gravity by spinning on the
axis of the donut with angular velocity . Sketch the forces on, and accelerations of, an astronaut
standing in the station
(a) as seen from an inertial frame outside the station and
(b) as seen in the astronaut's personal rest frame (which has a centripetal acceleration
as seen in the inertial frame). What angular velocity is needed if R = 40 meters and the
apparent gravity is to equal the usual value of about 10 m/s2?
(c) What is the percentage difference between the perceived g at a six-foot astronaut's feet (R =
40 m) and at his head (R = 38 m) ?
9.6. Let denote the height of the ocean at any point T on the surface, where is measured
up from the level at the point Q of Figure 9.5 and is the polar angle TOR of T . Given that the

surface of the ocean is an equipotential, show that , where . Sketch and

describe the shape of the ocean's surface, bearing in mind that ho << Re.

[Hint: You will need to evaluate Utidal (T) as given by (9.13), with d equal to the distance MT . To do this you
need to find d by the law of cosines and then approximate d-1 using the binomial approximation, being very

careful to keep all terms through order ( ) . Neglect any effects of the sun.]

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