SKILL 1: SUBJECTS AND VERBS SKILL 5: COORDINATE CONNECTORS

- A sentence in English must have at least one subject A clause is a group of words containing a subject and a
and one verb verb

- The first thing you should do as (while) you read a

When you have two clauses in an English sentence, you
sentence is to find the subject and the verb
must connect the two clauses correctly
SKILL 2: OBJECTS OF PREPOSITIONS
,and ,but ,so ,or
- Do not think that Prepositional phrase is the subject
- You have to use these connectors with a comma (,)
- A preposition is followed by a noun or pronoun that is between the clauses to correctly join
called an object of preposition
S + V ,Coordinate connector + S + V
Noun: He, It, They
Pronoun: Jose, CBA, Markers SKILL 6: ADVERB CLAUSE CONNECTOR

Adverb: describe a verb, an adjective, and another

- If a word is an object of preposition, it is not the
adverb
subject

At, in, of, to, by, behind, on, throughout, during, after, Why verb subject complement? A: adverb clause
with, through, beside, along, across, from, about, under
TIME CAUSE CONDITION CONTRAST
SKILL 3: PRESENT PARTICIPLE After Because If Although
As Since Whether Even though
- A present participle is the ing form of the verb Before Though
- The present participle can be part of the verb or an Since While
adjective Until
When
- It is part of the verb when it is accompanied by some while
form of the verb be

- It is an adjective when it is not accompanied by some S + V + Adverb connector + S + V

form of the verb be Adverb connector + S + V + , + S + V

SKILL 4: PAST PARTICIPLE SKILL 7: NOUN CLAUSE CONNECTORS

- A past participle often ends is ed, but there are also
many irregular past participles
For many verbs, including ed verbs, the simple past
and the past participle are the same and can be easily
confused
The ed form of the verb can be the simple past, the
past participle of a verb, or an adjective
- A noun clause is a clause that functions as a noun
- It can be used in a sentence as an object of a verb, or
an object of preposition
- Object of a verb: if it follows a verb
- Object of preposition: if it follows a preposition
Noun: Subject, Direct object, and Object of preposition

- What, when, where, why, how.

- The past participle is the form of the verb that appears
- Whether, if
with have or be
- That
- The past participle is an adjective when it is not
accompanied by some form of the verb be or have S + V + Noun clause connector + S + V
SKILL 8: NOUN CLAUSE CONNECTOR/SUBUJECTS - S + (Prepositional phrase) + V

- A noun clause connector is not just a connector, it can
also be the subject of the clause at the same time
- Who, what, which
- S + V + Noun clause connector/subject + V
SKILL9: ADJECTIVE CLAUSE CONNECTORS
- An adjective clause describes a noun
- When a prepositional phrase comes between the
subject and the verb, be sure that the verb agrees with
the subject
SKILL 12: AGREEMENT AFTER EXPRESSIONS OF
QUANTITY
- When the subject is an expression of quantity such as
all, most, or some followed by the preposition of

- Because is an adjective, it is positioned directly after - The subject can be singular or plural, depending on
the noun that it describes what follows the preposition of
- Most of the meal was delicious
- Whom, which, that

- S + V + Adjective clause connector + S + V - All, most, some, half, part

- S + Adjective clause connector + S + V + V - Quantity + of + object of preposition + V

- The adjective connector can be omitted in spoken - When an expression of quantity using of is the subject,
English or in casual writing English the verb agrees with the object

SKILL 10: ADJECTIVE CLAUSE CONNECTOR/SUBJECTS SKILL 13: AGREEMENT AFTER CERTAIN WORDS

- An adjective clause connector can also be the subject - Certain words in English are always grammatically
of the clause at the same time singular, even though they might have plural meanings

- Who, which, that Anybody Anyone Anything

Everybody Everyone Everything
- S + V + Adjective clause connector/subject + V
Nobody No one Nothing
- S + Adjective clause connector/subject + V + V Somebody Someone Something
Each (+noun) Every (+noun)
SKILL 11: AGREEMENT AFTER PREPOSITIONAL PHRAES

- If the subject of a verb is singular, then the verb must - These words are grammatically singular, so they take
be singular singular verbs
- If the subject of a verb is plural, then the verb must be SKILL 14: PARRALLEL
plural

- An s on a verb usually indicates that a verb is

singular
- An s on a noun usually indicates that the noun is
plural

- Irregular plurals: women, men, children, and people

- Sometimes Prepositional phrases can come between

the subject and the verb
- If the object of preposition is singular and the subject
is plural. If the object of preposition is plural and the
subject is singular
- The door to the rooms is locked