Student Name- Akshay Arvind Nisang

Electrical- A

Answer-

1) A [1 + 2 = 180].
2) C [E000-EFFF].
3) D [Parallel].
4) B [7.5 w].
5) A [1.4mA].
6) C [A bi-stable multivibrator ].
7) D [26 A]
8) B [2]
9) D [366rpm]
10) B [30rpm]
11) A [k=48]
12) B [Kaplan]
13) C [(s + 2) / (s + s)]
14) D [D.C. line inductor and reactive power sources]
15) A [250 Hz]
16) C [4.6]
17) C [A 2-bit quantizer]
18) B [(72.6 + j254.1) ]
19) A [44.3nj]
20) D [2.46KHz]
21) C [At the memory address 2000]
22) B [Pull-out torque]
23) A [4.37V]
24) A [ a>b]
25) A [3.055KHz]

TEST- B

1)Why back emf used for a dc motor? highlight its significance.

Ans-When the armature of a d.c. motor rotates under the influence of the
driving torque, the armature conductors move through the magnetic field
and hence e.m.f. is induced in them as in a generator. The induced e.m.f.
acts in opposite direction to the applied voltage V (Lenzs law) and in
known as back or counter e.m.f. Eb.

The back emf Eb(= PZN/60 A) is always less than the applied
voltage V, although this difference is small when the motor is running
under normal conditions.

Significance-

The presence of back emf makes the d.c. motor a self-regulating

machine i.e., it makes the motor to draw as much armature current as is
just sufficient to develop the torque required by the load.
 2) What is slip in an induction motor?

Ans-

Slip can be defined as the difference between the flux speed (Ns) And
the rotor speed (N).speed of an induction motor is always lessthan its
synchronous speed. It is usually expressed as a percentage of
synchronous speed (Ns) and represented by the symbol s.

3) Explain the application of storage batteries.

For the operation of protective devices and for emergency lighting at

generating stations and substations.

For starting, ignition and lighting of automobiles, aircrafts etc.

For lighting on steam and diesel railways trains.

As a supply power source in telephone exchange, laboratories and broad

casting stations.

For emergency lighting at hospitals, banks, rural areas where electricity

supplies are not possible.

4) Explain advantages of storage batteries

Ans- Few advantages of storage batteries are mentioned below: 1. Most

efficient form of storing energy portably. 2. Stored energy is available
immediately because there is no lag of time for delivering the stored
energy. 3.Reliable source for supply of energy. 4.The energy can be
drawn at a fairly constant rate.
 5) What are the different methods for the starting of a synchronous
motor.
Ans- synchronous motor is not self starting. It is necessary to rotate the
rotor at a speed very near to synchronous speed. This is possible by
various method in practice. The various methods to start the
synchronous motor are,
1. Using pony motors
2. Using damper winding
3. As a slip ring induction motor
4. Using small d.c. machine coupled to it.

8) Explain 5S, Kaizen, Six Sigma process.

Ans-5S -
5S is a productivity method whose name is derived from the five first
letters of Japanese words: Seiri, Seiton, Seiso, Seiketsu and Shitsuke.
The method was originally intended to organize a workspace for
efficiency. Lets examine each S and determine what it means.
Seiri Sorting. Keep the necessary in work area, dispose or keep in a
distant storage area less frequently used items, discard unneeded items.
Seiton Systematic Arrangement for the most efficient and effective
retrieval. There should be a place for everything and everything should
be in its place. The place for each item should be clearly labeled or
demarcated. Items should be arranged in a manner that promotes
efficient workflow, with equipment used most often being the most
easily accessible. Workers should not have to bend repetitively to access
materials.
Seiso Shining. Clean the workspace and all equipment, and keep it
clean, tidy and organized. After the first thorough cleaning when
 implementing 5S, daily follow-up cleaning is necessary in order to
sustain this improvement. A Shining work environment will lead to
great efficiency gains.
Seiketsu Standardizing. Work practices should be consistent and
standardized. Work stations for a particular job should be identical. All
employees doing the same job should be able to work in any station with
the same tools that are in the same location in every station. Everyone
should know exactly their responsibilities.
Shitsuke Sustaining. Once the previous 4 Ss have been established,
they become the new way to operate. Maintain focus on this new way
and do not allow a gradual decline back to the old ways. The effect of
continuous improvement (Kaizen) leads to less waste, better quality and
faster lead times.

Kiazen- Kaizen is method and a word that was created in Japan after
World War II. The word Kaizen means continuous improvement. It
comes from the Japanese words (kai) which means change or to
correct and(zen) which means good. It is pronounced k-eye-zen.
The method and the word have become part of the Toyota Production
System (TPS), where it means small, continuous improvements on
everyones part. Kaizen is a system that involves all employees from
senior management to the janitorial crew. Everyone is encouraged to
come up with small improvement ideas and recommendations on a
regular and continuing basis.

SIX SIGMA-
Six Sigma seeks to improve the quality of process outputs by identifying
and removing the causes of defects (errors) and minimising variability in
manufacturing and business processes. It uses a set of quality
management methods, including statistical methods, and creates a
special infrastructure of people within the organisation ("Black Belts",
"Green Belts", etc.) who are experts in these methods. Each Six Sigma
project carried out within an organisation follows a defined sequence of
steps and has quantified targets. These targets can be financial (cost
reduction or profit increase) or whatever is critical to the customer of
that process (cycle time, safety, delivery, etc.).
The term six sigma originated from terminology associated with
manufacturing, specifically terms associated with statistical modelling of
manufacturing processes. The maturity of a manufacturing process can
be described by a sigma rating indicating its yield, or the percentage of
defect-free products it creates. A six-sigma process is one in which
99.99966% of the products manufactured are free of defects, compared
to a one-sigma process in which only 31% are free of defects. Motorola
set a goal of "six sigmas" for all of its manufacturing operations and this
goal became a byword for the management and engineering practices
used to achieve it.

10) What is difference between TQM & TPM?

Ans-
TQM-Total Quality Management TQM, also known as total productive
maintenance, describes a management approach to long-term success
through customer satisfaction. In a TQM effort, all members of an
organization participate in improving processes, products, services, and
the culture in which they work.
Total Quality Management Principles: The 8 Primary Elements of TQM
Total quality management can be summarized as a management system
for a customer-focused organization that involves all employees in
continual improvement. It uses strategy, data, and effective
communications to integrate the quality discipline into the culture and
activities of the organization. Many of these concepts are present in
modern Quality Management Systems, the successor to TQM.
TPM-
TPM (Total Productive Maintenance) is a holistic approach to
equipment maintenance that strives to achieve perfect production:
No Breakdowns
No Small Stops or Slow Running
No Defects
In addition it values a safe working environment:
No Accidents
TPM emphasizes proactive and preventative maintenance to maximize
the operational efficiency of equipment. It blurs the distinction between
the roles of production and maintenance by placing a strong emphasis on
empowering operators to help maintain their equipment.
The implementation of a TPM program creates a shared responsibility
for equipment that encourages greater involvement by plant floor
workers. In the right environment this can be very effective in improving
productivity (increasing up time, reducing cycle times, and eliminating
defects).

ss