I [- C 12 W 2005

O C-N
O L-
O ju o
O n j
O vA Jho
O uh- N--j
N Nx- ...

#o #oN L #\!
O O p--L!
v L!
v-d pL!
\ xJ-c -!
] p Tx
j ]!
O u--]- O [p--]
-[-v-A V N# V Spoken English Conversational English
jL p Tx
E .
# Career - Nu-n--]-J ---i
u C-hC.
Sentence-1 verb is, Sentence-2
Communications Skills u-i Spoken English. verb 'do speak', Sentence-3, 4 'is'.
Spoken English Sentence Subject,
# ux, qx v--E Ey- Interviews, group Verb Jh-[ -. E
I discussions, presentations, self sketches N C-- Jhh N--Fo .
Kavita : How did you do in yesterday's
Spoken English O] d -. a) Andhra Pradesh is the biggest state in
South India
exam?
(Eo K- ?) (-- --E u (x Tx x-[) b) The Eenadu was published first from

! L- 3. Where is Ramesh?
Vizag.
Suji : Well, I think. How did you do ?
( -----o. y ho. h-] --o) ( \[?) [ Sentences N-Eo pN.
Statements o-.
?) Suneetha : I wish I had appeared for CAT 4. How beautiful the Taj is!
c) Is AP the biggest state in South India?
too. It's too late now. I think I'll (-- ] C)
Kavita: Not bad. I could have done better. d) Was the Eenadu first published from
(y-]. h [- do MCA. I am preparing for the j Sentences vAD
Vizag?
a) entrance tests of all MCA
courses. I may also take PG
N-Eo J#
-C. ] (c), (d) Questions . (a), (b) (c),
Suji: What group are going to study in entrance tests and do MSc Sentence (d) l.
Inter? Computers or Electronics. 'Vijayawada', English (a), (b) Statements,
(- v B---o?)
C
( -C. 'They', C (c), (d) Questions v-
Kavita : MPC. What about you ? p[ -E ? 'Ramesh', C u-E-t (sentence structure) C.
(. y...!) h. > v K- 'Taj' J# -- (sentence structure ],
Suji : Not sure yet, though dad wants me -E C. tq o. Sentence M. SURESAN y J.)
to do MPC. u-q -Z-Eq F p N-Eo E Statement : AP is the
( N --]. o h) 'Subject' . d ] Sentence
Structure ) Subject + Verb
-o)
(DE
Subject Vijayawada, u Subject

Kavita : Which college? ( @?) ---Fo -E- ...! biggest state in south India.

Question : Is AP the biggest

Suji : No idea as yet. What's going to be Spoken English Grammar -- Verb + Subject
your college? [ -. Grammar L- state in South India!
(N --]... y!) v English x[[ h-]--- x 1 Statement Subject ], Verb y
Kavita : Same here. Not decided yet.
[ -. --i F grammar -
hC.Question DE uA-- verb
( . --].) --L. ]...
They, u Subject Ramesh, ] subject y h-o. C English
VOCABULARY u Subject The Taj.
II vA Sentence 'Subject'
v--i .
Vocabulary --Fo. Statement : The Eenadu was published first
Spoken English
J# p -]E -E
Supriya : Hi, Suneetha, What a relief! The
---i - structure : Subject + Verb
u j-C @N--E, F -, - . j 1st sentence'.... is on the
final degree exams are over. But banks of the Krishna' Sentence subject from Vizag.
What next for you?
o -, ---, --
N--[ J# C. Question : Was the Eenadu published first
(tu! K--j-- F. -C-#j . C Tx-
y h) ]l-]l h. F #o-#o 'She sings well' structure : Verb + Subject ( Verb)

from Vizag?
Suneetha : Not yet decided. What are your
N-- Tx , [ L-]. Sentence 'She' Subject. 'Sings well'
Listening. - x English C Subject She J# p . 'sings C Statements quesitons Ja
plans? n ---[. DE daily life - practice
( --]. F - well' 'sings' sentence ]. (She .
- , Pronunciation
?) well - n ]. Sentence ]). Statements Questions
---L. 'She sings well' - sentence Subject a) (Yes), They are students -----?
Supriya : Well, You know I've taken the u J-Q-L-. 'She' y 'Sings' Sentence b) (Yes), Rani is the leader -----?
CAT for joining in IIM. Waiting for 1. Vijayawada is on the banks of the Krishna u. 'VERB' . c) (No), I am not happy -----?
the results. If I make it, I'll join
(N--[ 'g [f C) Subject, Verb --[ -u. d) (Yes), He was here last night -----?
one of the IIMs. Hope I shall be
2. They do not speak English d-] #a Sentences Verbs e) (No), She is not hungry ? -----?
fortunate.
l.
I [- 14 W 2005

W x x j E#, h
p [. No, j]E N x
Th. d E ## x[. F x
xp[ ]ui # . L
d E d d.

PRONUNCIATION GUIDE
English pronunciation confusion
[ y l-
- [[.
: Car c-, centre c-

l-E [ y - [[.
R x! 3. They are happy 5. -- W 10 # 4
: centre - c \[ , sentry - s \[ VERBS 4. Are you happy?
--
). Kranthi: Was anything special in the sun-
5. Why are you here?
6. They are our relatives 6. O W -@ p-[-?
day Eenadu?
-L? (C- -[ j vu- ?) am, is, are p[ (now) vh --
(present) [-Eo L--h. ]
English x \ -. 7. @ 10 # 4 ?
Karuna: Yes. There was the first lesson in
am, is, are regular [-Eo L-----
#---x l \. Pen - ; Spoken English.
(. p Tx ] C.) E --T-h. j \j v
Book- , Watch - ; Phone - ; Take p- [-Eo am, is, are
- . x #J x x
Kranthi: Was anything important in it?
(] i vu- ?) . C sentences practice Answers:
L- -C. o, \, <, , . 2. When is your father at office?
. English x--p[ x Karuna: Yes. Very important point was
O x--p[? (vA W C regular)
3. His pen is always in his pocket.
# x L-- ]. there- the difference between the
statement structure and question
4. When are your classes (every day)?
When are your classes every day? 5. Our classes are from 10 a.m. to 4 p.m.
structure.
C u! (. u-i N... \[ 'are' ] [-o? C vA 6. When are you at college (every day)?

Tx x #J 'r' . -- d- Za- a Za- W v pE N d. 7. We are at college from 10 to 4 (every

(d), car (), for (), paper p.) Sx [. day)?

1st show p[? 6, 7ux every
Doctor
(). Kranthi: Is it so important?
1st show p[ j C ? day - ]. (are
# 'r' o Eo -- C- (C u?)
regular [[. d is [[ u--
h.\['r' silent. ]u Karuna: Very. The statement has the sub-
d. [[.)
a, e, i, o, u E y 'r' #a ject first, and the verb next. The
C silent. Eo . E y a, e, i, o, question has verb first and the
VOCABULARY
u, j h p. subject next.
(... d-x ] bd y -u-i -- M. SURESAN
: form (); Card (); Fur (); sir s . F a- ] s u, -C-#
(), her (); information (--- y bd .) --
-). x 2
1. Cold. 2. ]_ Cough (). 3.
- ! ] vA-Fo
vo. --Fo d-x. t Sneeze (o size #J
When is the first show?
l -L.) 4. <][ blow the nose.
O !
u -E-... O-p-[- College (vA V)
O-- I am here- verb: 'am'
5. \ running nose. 6. p ache
Conversation - You are in class- verb: 'are'
C 'regular' d, (), ] pain, suffering;
--i Eo My pen is in my pocket- When are you at college (every day)? p: [--p, -p,
--. ] verb: 'is' \[ every day -- --]. [p O y 'ache'
parts of the human
]- 'are' regular [[ d. [.pain [.
body- K
j
sentences o Verbs stomach ache- stomach pain ].
Tx 'am', 'is', 'are. O n -v x
l. [[ E -C-#- [ ? head ache, back ache etc.
head, face,
N. C vo, 'I am at home in the evenings'.
y (fever) ax, #a-x 'feel'
eyes, ears, neck,
Statements English prac- Evenings vA evening- regular.
'feeling feverish'.
shoulder, hand,
legs, fingers
tice . d regular states of being (v p- ]] itch () scratch (v\),
l ]J 1. (p[) O \[ [[) p--E am, is, are [[ p sore throat; ] -[
d. C English p. prac- groan; -L-[ yawn, swelling,
. thumb (- o?
-), forefinger tice . C-- inflammation. Fo practice
(-[-), middle
English: Where are you?
1. j p[ O-]---J-\[? x--p[ [.
2. (p[) x --p C.
(]u), (Regular ?)
finger
o.
ring finger (
I have a head ache.
Answer: Why are you here at this time t .
), little finger every day?
(#- ). toe 3. (p[) x - 2. O o- - p-[-?
My mother has a cold.

(L-), big toe o. -N JEopractice .

(L --), nail (), waist ([), --
wrist (-d), arm (-d #
-- PRONUNCIATION GUIDE
3. p[ C. Tx Consonant ending l \-
), forearm (-d # 4. (p[) O -- o?
(elbow) ), back arm (elbow #
-- o . x # l
-- \. # x x-- -L.
), buttocks (-]), Knee (). 4. W O -- p[?
Knee # ] L ] 5. (p[) O \[ ]--o? : book, , \ ].
-- , o ]. Tub - , s ].
shin, L-- calf (), L -E
-- Hotel- ( \). mag-
]u joint () ankle, ] [Sole,
-L fist, - Palm, -- eye- 6. (p[) x d. O ! azine- # 'ine', 'ile'
brows, ] forehead. cheeks - \x,
p Tx O , -L. Magazine -
pupil - -, eyelid- -p, nostril-
p Tx, vA\, [, -@ (@, \[ easy #J l-
\ v], gums - -#-x, skull-v, -C) Automobile- --H,
# a.
Answers:
>[, j]82
scalp- Vd C -j-. 2. I am in class intestine () -d etc.
email: pratibha@ eenadu.net
email: pratibha@ eenadu.net
I [- 16 W 2005

] \[ p[ L
C. L LE v ] JE
da N LTa. ' a
xEo [ ' C. ]
a E i ]l J[ .

the- \[ C, p[ ]?
[ phone, ringup, give a ring,
call- O-Eo- p[ [- o ,
'call', phone to a person, phone a person
Jh ----. ring up, give a ring
[- o.
1) O -J .
Please call me.
Please give me a ring.
Please ring me up.
WAS, WERE L. 6. I was at College. p- h.
Ram: Were you there yesterday? 7.Eo y \[ ]o? 7. Are you at college at this time every day? I will certainly call you.

(Eo y \[ o?) Why were you here yesterday? 8. Yes, I am (at college... every day - conver- Sure, I will call you.
Sx O h.
Raghav: I was there, of course. 8. o-[ C- \[ o[. sation C---a.)
( \[ o) 9. When are you at home usually? (-
I will get back to you.

Ram: When were you there?

My friend was here last Sunday.
d (past) N- d 'are') 2) N - .
(p-[-o?) p[ was, were . 10. I am at home in the evenings (Regular,
Please mail me the matter.

Raghav: I was there exactly at 6 when the C sentences english practice. therefore, am) but I was not (wasn't) at
Please mail the matter to me at
yours@yahoo.com
function began. 1. Praveen: O Eo x o? home last evening. J y .
(J_ { ]-j 6 - 2. Pranav: , x o. (Eo v, Eo vA last evening,
3)

\ o) 3. Praveen: O o x o? last night). 4)

Send it by courier.
d y .
Ram: Who else was there yesterday?
4. Pranav: [. 11. Where else were you? (Eo d)
(Eo --o?) Post it.
5. Praveen: Eo O \[-o?
12. I was at a meeting. Send it by ordinary post.
- O, O friendF, O
Raghav: Anil, and Sunil were also there.
(E, F \[ o) 6. Pranav: -@ o. x -J--F practice .
Sent it by snail mail.
'snail mail' h- -u
- -E-. Ram, Raghav Eo ] O practice y answers x post E n.
[-Eo was, were p-- .
o. English jd Verb forms
p[ ? \ am, is, are, was,
JEo !
. p[, p[, - [- chew (u) - [
Eo am, is, are . o were English x-[-a?
3 swallow (y)- N[
E p[ was, were .
x
PRONUNCIATION GUIDE swallow in a gulp - \ N
trim (v)(mustache, beard)
was- singular
7. Praveen: vA W j -@ Tx- pure sounds -.
- (O, [f) Ah-J# J[
were- plural
p[ E-\[ o. ? (Regular) \j 'a'
clench (x)- GT- (-L fist)
1.
bake, cake, case, date, face, game, hate,
I am here 8. Pranav: . injure () - [[
Eo \[ o. lane x #a--p[ Eo
9. Praveen: O - x p-[-
2.
-L. injury (K)-
I was here yesterday
3. O Eo \[ o? C Question.
? bake- twist (yd)the arm - L-A-p[
d verb ] L 10. Pranav: -v x . Eo cake- snap the fingers - # [
Were you here yesterday? v v x . case- shatter ()- ]l d[
4. Eo -\-[-o[? (Question) 11. Praveen: -\[o? face- swelling (yL)-
game- inflammation (x)- C
Where was he yesterday? 12. Pranav: O-
5. -- vG - C. hate-
fracture(va)- N-[
lane-
Answers:
sprain(vp)-
India was under British rule.
6. 1947 - (rulers) ? date-
1. Were you at home yesterday?
2. Yes, I was at home. M. SURESAN
(I hate you- itch()- ]], scratch(v\)- [
Who were our rulers till 1947?
). abscess ()- (<)
Tx- j L- D, - 3. Was your brother too/also at home?
boil ()- [f
q, , j p[ sentence # 4. No, he was not at home. N -
(-- No, he wasn't. E -h) tale, tail pronunciation \ . pimple ()-
(wasn't = was not) p[ 'a', p[ 'an' C ]l vo. scar (\)- x a
5. Where were you? 'a, e, i o, u v u ], pus ()- < blister (Gxd)-[
'an' E, N ] 'a' E - Sx Verbs: vh, p[ [-Eo pN
vo: Had, would short forms I had/would - I'd . F C p[ d ]. a univer- am, is, are. [-Eo pN was,
sity, a European . d. were. N-u-h [-Eo pN shall be,
. We had/would -We'd O, o. I'd
We'd bd y had , would 'the' E C E p[, ] E p[ will be
---L? -L? -\[ .
x E, --[ , , , , , , , , , , , I shall be/will be there tomorrow.
: 'd O-ox had [-. y ing form #a--p[, O ] 'd l- v u English ] C- j- .
would [-. \[ had \[ p[ had -C. Do, go, come 'an' L. l ] a 'the'E C We shall be/we will be in Vizag on Sunday.
would C ]-sEo d v q-- verb forms ], be + ing ] 'd p[ L. N l- vu E [[ -.
. would -C. ] 'a' L. I shall be happy to see him.
A) He'd gone before I saw him. Example: They'd done it. 'the'E ] L. \[ [.
\[ He'd = He had (done past participle d 'd = had) a University ( v d 'a')
an example ( v, d 'an')
He will be here tomorrow.
]- 'gone' past participles They'd been doing it. (\[ been + ing
] would p[ ]. had v ] d 'd = had). the egg (\[ C, egg, 'a' v
hC. She'd marry him. 'd y marry E #aC d) O !
B) I thought he'd do it. d 'd = would the tree (] v. \[ # p Tx O
\[ 'd - past participle ] d She'd be going. \[ be + ing form ] l- v ] d). p Tx, vA\, [,
would n --L. N h-- d 'd = would. Communications/information
Have been + ing ] 'd = would. -C-# [. # a.
>[, j]82
d--L. Past participles ], 'been'
email: pratibha@ eenadu.net
I [- E 18 W 2005

u EtEo ] yh x x[[
]u ]. u Jh . [
L o TxE
[ ]l di E ]. ] u

u # !
J# h x E C# #o h.

7. NT Ramarao could be the CM because he

was an actor.
8. If it is comfortable here, I can be here for
as long as possible.
9. It was very cool yesterday.
Yesterday was very cool.
10. How long can you be here?
'Be' forms ( am, is, are, was, were,
shall be, should be 'be' # ,
SHALL BE, WILL BE 3. h O ]_--? x tumbler (x) 'been' # aN have been, has been,
Kiran: Will you be here tomorrow? 4. E-\[ \-- [. lid (L) had been, should have been N) [[
y \[ -o? 5. -] j]-- . pan () n a Verbs. N EE L
6. [ V--C. cauldron (-v[) Verbs. ] A #a E B
Kranthi: What for?
]? 7. C EN-- C-- . J-T-[ boil () #a a.
8. F yA u N?(next step) [ fry (wj) A
Kiran: All our friends will be here tomor-
9. \[ [. a[ (A-]) = bake () I am a teacher (o).
row. Will you not be (won't you be).
10. \[ ---C? p[ Eo 'be' forms ( [-Eo She is a player (player C).
o---] \-[-- L Verbs): They are singers.
o. J y-[? can be - [[ (p[, N-u-h) B
Kranti: I shall be very happy to be with all of
could be - [[ () I teach (h).
you. What will be the programme?
may be - [-a (p[, N-u-h) She plays ([C).
O ]-J- [[ - might be - [a () They sing ([-).
. vv ?
x 4
should be, must be = L
Kiran: Let's decide when we meet. Answers: 1. He can be here in five minutes.
L- Eg-l. 1. When will he be here? [ \[ ] EN-x [--[.
- -E- ! N- 2. How long will you be in Hyderabad? 2. She could be the Prime Minister.
Eo J# x-[---o. will be, shall 3. Will the book be with you tomorrow? v-E [--L-TC.
be ! 4. I shall not be here for long? 3. She may be there now.
I shall be there tomorrow. [ \[ [a
( -\[ .) (?).
She is a player.
vo: The machine is out of service.
He will be a graduate soon. 4. They might be happy. The machine has out of service.
(y [ v[u- -[.) x - [-a (). j jC C? u has
h n hC? has
The train will be here in five min-
utes. She plays. 5. You should be here at 10 a.m.
y ] C-
\[ L.
hC?
( ] ENx j India won the match.

\- hC.) 6. Ravi must be in office

from 10 a.m. to 5 p.m.
India has won the match.
has Jh n hC.
How long will you be here?
N ] 10 # Bh n hC?
(y \[ - v 5 - , j]
?) L.
shall be, will be N- -- 'be' forms :
u-h [[ (A future ([-Eo L 'verb- M. SURESAN The machine is out of service. u
state of being) s' . correct.
- uA-- 'Time words' C u- Tx practice . The machine has out of service C
Eo L- English 1. Ny-\[ - [--? English ].
sentence # . 2. Eo x \[ p[ o? Has - p[ out prepositions
3. \[ sC [-a. .
India won the match. ]-s J-
eg: He will be here tomorrow.
4. h p [-?
They were here yesterday.
5. \[ Eo- L? ]. ]- L-# VF, DF p-x-
The meeting will begin at 6 this
6. [ Eo \[ [--L-[. won correct.
India won the match last week. C d.
evening.
7. .. - u--vA [--L-
Order: time, day, date, month, year
]- [ d. ]- last week E j -o
eg: The meeting will be at 6 PM (Time)
8. \[ , j [-- d.
on Monday (day), the 28th (date)
. India L-#]E, p[ L-# j p-
May (month) 2005 (year)
9. Eo x C. C-h India has won the match C
C English u. 10. O \[ - [a? correct. C u [.
(Sx Question order h-- 5. We shall all be in Hyderabad tomorrow. A. He has gone out.
Vb+Sub/1st Word of the Verb+Sub+the other 6. It will be hot for another two days.
Answers:
Tx- - How long? p[ RxD j p-[-]. d
words of the verb.) 7. I will be in the theatre in another 10 min- ] How far? Eo-x How often? has + past participle correct.
C E English practice . utes. B. He went out this morning.
1. \[ p-[-[? 8. What will be your next step?
1. How long can you be here? \[ p[ - RxD, this morn-
2. O j]-- Eo--V--? 9. Nobody will be here tomorrow. 2. When could they be here yesterday? ing E j o. d past
10. How long will she be here? 3. There may be some trouble there tomor- simple tense correct.

O ! VOCABULARY
row. C. She has bought a car.
has + past participle (j p[ ]
p Tx O v dish (), bowl ()
4. Can't you be patient? (Can you not = Can't
d).
p Tx, vA\, [, x v Vessels (q),
you)
D. She bought it yesterday.
utensils (-Eqq)
5. When should we be there? (bought - past simple- yesterday E
# a. (Eo). j -o d).
>[, j]82
email: pratibha@ eenadu.net
ewer () 6. He could be here yesterday itself
I [- 20 W 2005

[ Eoi L [ x \J
n v] C. DE ' v
a. Eo \ \ N] Lq C.
C \[ vT x
]JE dC.

5) A cricketer (He/She) plays cricket

Cricketers (They) play cricket
verbs, v p- J
- [. regular actions.
n F...! p[ J - OE --Th.
I go to college at 10 AM (vA-W)
My mother cooks for me (p[)
O J-Eo sentences .
S} \-J [:
Ram: Where is your brother? to Guntur - -. 2) A doctor --- patients (I) am; (he, she, it) is; they (are).
O ]-[ \[ o[? N Tx x---p[ Doctors --- patients (treat) \[ am, is, are p[ [, p[
Raghav: He is watching the t.v. at home v-h--L. C verbs J [. 3) A lawyer --- cases [. was, were- [;
x O h-o[. A B Lawyers --- cases (argue) shall be / will be future [
Ram: Where does he study? 4) Pens --- I. I am in class
\[ ]o[?
come comes
go goes A pen --- (Write) (p[ x o)
Raghav: He is a student of Learn well school 5) A cricketer --- cricket My friend (he/she) is in the next room
o- \ NuJn write
take
writes
takes Cricketers --- cricket ( friend, \ C o-[/-C
Ram: Which class is he in?
(Play) p[)
vh o -A ]-- My parents (they- x) are at home
-o[? Answers:
1) Wrist watches (x o p[)
Raghav: He is doing the 8th class
E-N -A ]---o[. (They) show the d am, is, are p[ [
time II. I was/he was here yesterday.
M. SURESAN
Ram: What games does he play?
[-[?
x 5 A Wrist Watch (It) (\[ o o[ Eo)
shows the time My friends were in Hyderabad last week
Raghav: He plays cricket and hockey.
v, [-[. sing sings 2) A doctor (He/She) treats patients ( o- j]-- o,
j -- -E-. teach teaches Doctors (They) treat patients ) -was, were, [
III. Shall be/will be- future (N-u- [)
verb Eo x [-Eo -C. speak speaks 3) A lawyer (He/She) argues cases
is is
watching, does study ( = studies), is doing, AC , C n . F
B
Lawyers (They) argue cases 1. India will be a great country by 2010
(2010 -q--E p
(does play = plays) plays Fo - I, We, You, They C E --Th.
A
4) Pens (They) write
C)
(actions) L
Verbs. A pen (It) writes
2. Anil will be here next week
A
(a E \[ [)
The girl is
The teacher is in class.
( x C)
He was on the playground.
(Play ground o[ ) reading They have had two cups of coffee so far.
B (p--- [ p )
The teacher is teaching (Verb) Present perfect tense J-T E,
(C-hC) p[ ( V, D, j) J-TD p--
He was playing have \ had u -- [.
([--o[ ) I have had my lunch. ( --C)
vo:
T--a? h u n
B ] verbs Fo L had had- C past perfect tense of 'have'.
(Actions) N? C tense -C?
Verbs. u had y \ Sx had Past perfect verb form: had + past par-
A C verbs [-Eo --. - h? E n N? ticiple
p verbs, action words. u L-C: J-T
hJ , t-[
Past perfect
eg: go, come, eat, talk, run, sleep, read, [ x ]---EE.
dance. : 'have' \ 'had'___ have had_ C He told me that he had passed
1. The boys are playing present perfect tense of have. present perfect (had + pp of pass)
2. The girl is reading verbform: have/has + past participle (pp); -u-E p[.
3. These students talk in class eg: have seen, have gone etc. pass , p, [ .
4. The cheetah runs fast Present perfect tense u L-C p-- pass ], p y. ],
5. A dog barks He, she, it C E [.
B - J-T E. DE for the past, for the last, 'pass' d had passed E past per-
-,
English o - I/We/You/Andhras (they) speak Telugu since h.
fect [.
E-. My father (he) a) I have studied (have+ pp of study) here for
] -E \ C.
\[ [ past actions. \ [
h O] C
The book is on the table.
, O] y [. Tx-
}
My Mother (she) speaks Telugu
This class (it)
the past two years-
x C-.
E-\[ p---
]J past action. \ [
'have a scooter.' d past perfect of have =
I/We/you/these trains (they) go there b) He has worked (has + pp of work)
O] n, on 'table' ] [. My mother (she) here since 2004 = 2004 # p--- had + past partciple of have (=had) = had
Eo N-- .
from school -
at home -
\ #

This train
}
My friend (he/she) goes there every day \[ E--[.
p[ C E p
I have a car . -x
had.
He had had a scooter before he bought the
car.
In the bag - #
Fans (they) give air
A Fan (it) gives air C E , 'have' present perfect ( ], -E \ C)
tense, have + past participle of have
He had had his breakfast when his friend
Dogs (they) bark
O ! A dog (it) barks
N O Jh-h
(=had) L ! p--?
I have had this car for the past two years
came in.
(x v ap- E
breakfast
p Tx O practice
. LT --C)
p Tx, vA\, [, o
(Brackets verb Jh ) have + had (pp of 'have'_
1) Wrist watches --- the time o) E. She has had (has + pp of 'have')
She had had the information before I told
her of it.
# a. this job for the last one year.
( p ]_ - C)
>[, j]82
A Wrist watch --- the time (show)
email: pratibha@ eenadu.net (-q- N-[ u C)
I [- ] 22 W 2005

7. - \-[-o? before?
Where have you been all this time? C u- O English practice .
8. O -- \[-o? 1. O \-[-o?
How long have you been here? 2. [-\ -- v-- o[?
9. \-[C? 3. 2001 # -d- o[.
Where has Pooja been all these days? (since, for the past [ --T#
Tx- have been / has been p.)
vu C. -p # p 4. 2001 # 2003 \[ -
F, -F j [-Eo I, o[.
We, you and they 5. -- Mx -E C.
'have been' F 6. [ V- F- o[.
he, she, it 'has (F Weak)
Pooja: Are you happy? It is an ox. etc. been' F #h. 7. O V- G@ o?
(- o?) Ux - Questions prac- -N-... 8. s o? (s
Durga: Certainly I am. tice . Eo V-/ Eo ill/sick)
() eg: Is he happy? -/ Eo -/ 9. j u-vA o?
Pooja: Why are you happy? Are they clever? etc. Eo -q-- for 10. O \-[-o?
(] - o?) j p --Eo English - the past (The last)... days/ Answers:
Durga: My cousin Saraswathi is here for question practice . ... hours/ ... months / ... M. SURESAN 1. How long have you been here?
vacation. We shall be happy in each Question structure hC ? years (Sx V, 2. How long has Tendulkar been a cricketer?
other's company. a) vb+Sub [Are (verb) you (sub) happy?] , , -q- u.) 3. He has been a collector since 2001/ for the
( > -yA -- \- b) first word of the verb + sub + other words eg: for the past (The last) 2 days / 2 hours/ 2 past (last) 4 Years.
#aC. -[ ]l-J of the verb. months / 2 years 4. He was a teacher here from 2001 to 2003.
] C.) [Has (first word of the verb) he (sub) been helping for 2 days / hours / months / years 5. Delhi has been the capital of India for a
Pooja: What will be your plan? (other words of the verb) you?] now . long time.
(F x N?) 1. [ [? V/ / / -q # 6. He has been weak for two days now (for
Druga: Come home tomorrow. You will know. the past/ for the last two days)
( . F -hC.) 7. Have you been busy for the past (last) one
- week?
am, is, are; was, were; shall be, will be y 8. How long has he been ill?
happy, plan j [-a. 9. How long has YS been the Chief Minister?
C E x[ practice . <... 10. Have you been here for long?
Blanks Brackets #a - j Sentences have been/ has been
E. [ -E. - v # p
I am ________ F, -F [-Eo have been/ has
(O p. :
I am Pavan) been L---h. Question structure
I am _____ ..! p[ verb + subject F, verb [-
He is _______ [ -, Ist word of the verb +
They are ________ Subject + other words of the verb F
My friends will be ______ C.
j #aN sample v. 2. ] ? --E since .
d, dq, [, d, , o 3. - ? (future) I have been here for the past (last) two
--/-]-, ]-, v-i, #, 4. x E-B x? (past) years.
5. xp[ \[ ??
[, J, , , p-, L-j, 6. O-\[ ?
I have been here since 2003
L-N-E, [, , E-B , 7. [ E-B -[E O t
She has been here for the (last) past two
months.
? She has been here since February end.
8. [ v-h ?
(future)?
9. O - -x? vo: -- t--[ --[
x 6 10. -p[ ?
Answers: I am a student Jp---[ ]-sx verb v3 E
] --T-h? ---
E-B E, t-]_, t-E , 1) Is he very tall?
Milk 'sold' here; Job work 'done' here;
O p- j English - 2) Is she beautiful?
'Spoken' English Institute -
verb
. am, is, are; was, were; shall be, 3) Will she be happy?
E ] --T-
v1 v3
will be \ E Ja x-[.
4) Were they honest?
ho N-J---.
j - Tx 5) Where are they now?
6) Where will you be tomorrow?
t, xLx
tall, short, fat, slim, happy, sad/sorrowful,
7) Are you sure that he is honest?
kind, cruel, good, bad, lazy, active, patient, :
clever/intelligent/wise, foolish, talkative,
8) Will he be careful?
9) Were you happy?
1. verb v3
past participle: done, spo-
reserved, honest, dishonest, reliable, unreli- ken, seen etc.
able
10) Was she fat once?
passive form
verb p[,
'be' form +
Tx , was, were. past participle.
... p[ am, is, are # C,
\--d--E English countables p F, F [Eo
'Milk sold here'

'Milk is sold here'
. p--E have been, has been [.
short form.
\[
: man, book, student, pen, town, village I, we, you, they have; he, she, it India has been independent for the past
verb 'is (be form) + sold (past par-
n t--[-C.
etc. has [. (last) 57 years.
ticiple of sell)'

O singular, plural . O 1. [ x v \[ o[. 'Job work done here' 'Job
singular ] p[ 'a' F, 'an' F
India has been independent since 1947.
for the past (last), since work is done here' E n.is done,
-C h---L.
He was here four years ago.
2. [ p--\[ o[. u. C u [. (passive) --[ E.(is - be
I am a student. He is here. ]_ Eo \[ C. form + done - past participle).
n ,
He is an engineer. 3. [ --x \ o[. Durga was here yesterday.
2. past participle (p.p.)
E.
She is a doctor. He has been here for the past four years. ]_ p[ \[ C. \[
She is an eye surgeon. 4. [ V- [ C. Durga is here.
eg: The man seen here every day -
[- uh. #--
He is an uncle of mine. It has been very hot for the past two days. ]_ Eo # \ C. torn paper -
5. 1947 # y-v C. Durga has been here since yesterday. T.
spoken english
x-[- Tx E n.
O ! India has been independent since x o \[o?
u W x -
p Tx O 6. -x j]-- o.
1947 (for the past 57 years) Where were they the day before?
} p-\[o? passive voice [.
p Tx, vA\, [, We have been in Hyderabad for the Where are they? t, o [--? !
x o # \-[-o? #-[f T E .
# a. past ten years (since 1995)
>[, j]82
Where have they been since the day #E-T T .
email: pratibha@ eenadu.net
I [- v 24 W 2005

countable, singular). C regular actions English p.

2) I have an idea (idea - countable, singular).
3) An umbrella is useful in rain (umbrella- 1. v d.(like [)
countable, singular). 2. W [ ]--.
4) A pen is for writing (pen- countable, singu- 3. -- ] C--- v
lar) -.
'a'p[? p[?
'an' 4. t O J-q hC.
, , , , , , , , , , (watch - J-q, E- [[)
l v-u ] 'an' L. 5. o- V J- AJ-T--
N ] 'a' --T-L. h. (return, come back; 'home')
an umbrella (v d an)
an hour ( an)
Sudha: I meet Padmaja here everyday. I C n a N] an honour ( an)
miss her today. p. an idea ( an)
(W \[ ]t- -h. an owl ( an)
[, [[, [[, --h[, [[, an egg ( an)
V E---].)
Valli: Yes. She comes here everyday. I
vN-[, EvC-[, ' [, --T- v h a, an N-con-
too see that. [, h[, #--[ O fusion [].
( W \-[ hC.
(vA-V))
Sudha: I remember now. Today is Sunday.
She does not come here on sun-
day.
( h-hC. V C-.
C-- \-[ ].)
A, AN...
Valli: I do not know that.
( L-].)
Sudha: She goes to her aunt's place every
sunday. I too visit my cousin every
sunday evening.
( C x hu
-C. C-
] ]? N l ] a [.
6. vA-W ] - ]--.
(study; for an hour, every morning)
7. t -C.
Eo p--L-T Eo- prac-
(vA-W - regular)
v > -.) countable singular \[ #a E ] a
tice. F an F -Lq.
be forms [-Eo -[ j
Answers:
Answers :
uxE meet, comes, remember, does Mother loves her child (wrong) 1. She likes this dress.
I write sleep
come, goes, visit - L--
2. I read the Eenadu (every day).

}
A Mother (countable singular) loves her child.
We play waste
h. You walk use f) Uncountable ] a F an F p[ 3. Our classes (They) begin / start at 10 a.m.

The boys run remember ]. 4. My mother (She) watches TV serials.

(They) cook forget Sx -J 1st RDW (1st Regular doing 5. My father (He) returns / comes back home

word come, go, walk), 2nd RDW (2nd

at 6 a.m.
love
Regular doing word comes, goes,
6. I study for an hour every morning.
Hemant (he) writes cooks uses

} walks) J-Q-Ll.
7. My mother (She) takes coffee (every day).
x 7 Sarala (she) plays loves remembers
I, We, you, they 1st RDW;
It(n walks sleeps forgets
J---x) runs wastes he, she, it 2nd RDW L.
- L C [. OE J-Q-L-. [ Regular doing words v p-
I Regular Doing II Regular Doing , Eu J [
Words Words
a) Pens (They) write. Regular actions . p[ J -
A B A pen (It) writes. O [.
eat eats (eat+s) b) Wrist watches (They) show the time. 1) W J- Ev]--h.
take takes (take+s) A wrist watch (It) C regular action. d I get up at 6 a.m.
give gives (give+s) shows the time. \[ every day E p, p--- vo: Oxford advanced dictionary
wash washes (Wash+es) c) Doctors (They) treat . get 1st RDW regular C \ ho pronunciation letters
word

like likes (like+s) patients. n---C. Eo [f, Eo --]- -

sing sings (Sing+s) A doctor (He/She)
treats patients.
2) NtC- - -. -]? OE a-J-L?
dance dances (dance+s)
d) Fans (They) give air.
We start for college at 9 a.m. ]--i E---?
go goes (go+es)
A fan gives air.
(Regular action - start - 1st RDW) Dictionary page bottom line ]
'A' C - I Regular Doing Words, B e) Teachers (They) 3) o- [. . O J# L---
C - II Regular Doing Words . M. SURESAN C regular action. .
-, j]--.
teach.
I Regular Doing Words (A C -)
's' F 'es' F Jh II Regular doing words
A Teacher (He/She) teaches. Eo Our friends (They) play well.

h. verbs
practice . 4) O-p[ u h. : Tx--E - (alphabet), Tx
A C [I Regular Doing Words
(p[ J--E). a-- a l--Eo- J-. ]-
(I RDWs)], I, We, you and they [. B
COUNTABLES, UNCOUNTABLES You always come late. x pronunciation confusion. o
C - [II Regular Doing Words a) countables \ dN. 5) o- ] 9 ---- - Eo l- #---E J-.
(Regular- vA-V). d --]-, [f o --
(II RDWs)] He, She, it [.
book, pen, teacher, boy, dog etc.
b) uncountables \-dEN. My father (He) starts for office at 9 a.m.
Eo l [-. -
I Eo l- h.

} E pLq - ].
milk, sugar, rice, water etc.
'v'E very l-E [-. --]-
(everyday
We
c) countables v singular (),
You like milk
( \) .
starts regular)
o v = E but, shut, cut x
My parents
plural
book (singular) books (plural)
6) t [-C (p[). a l-E [-. but- DE pronunci-
(They)
pen (singular) pens (plural)
My mother (She) cooks for us. ation, dictionary C. bt; cut =
7) 1st show -- v -C kt etc. {-vF key to Pronunciation

}
My father (he)
teacher (singular) teachers (plural)
My mother (she) likes milk (W ). h h l-E C N-
The Cat (it)
boy (singular)

boys (plural)
[]. The 1st show (It) starts at 6.15 p.m. C. -- pronunciation
casettes, CDs ----[-.
d) uncountables plural milks, sug-
j N] A group C Verbs, B ars, rices .
group C verbs p. vo: p-j -J O] h
eg: [
e) Very Important: countable singulars
( \-dN -Eo, JE J# O ! [-C E p--E Tx- --
p--p[) ] p[ 'a' F p Tx O i proverb L---.

} }
I He
We drink coffee She drinks coffee 'an' F -Lq. p Tx, vA\, [, . --, t-[.
You It eg:
# a.
>[, j]82 : O-o--E --i proverb D
They 1) A doctor treats patients (doctor - English ].
email: pratibha@ eenadu.net
I [- C 26 W 2005

4. Tx . 3. x [?
Tx L-]. How do they sing? (How = ?)
O Tx ? Ans: [.
5. x C-h. They sing well
x C-. 4. O-] p[ -u h?
x C-h? Why do you always come late?
6. Tx E- h. Ans: I miss the bus.
Tx E- [. 5. O -- p[ l?
O Tx E- h? (W)
7. \[ dx j]u h. When do you start for college? (every
(j]u [ = treat) day)
\[ dx j]u . Ans: I start at 9 AM.
Ramu: Do you know Mr. venu? They know English. \[ dx j]u h? 6. ] j d h?
(F ?) x Tx L-]. 8. x -h. Why do you waste time?
Vasu: Of course, I know him. They do not know English. x -. Ans: d -[-].
( ) x Tx ? x -h? I do not waste time.
Ramu: How do you know him?
( F ?)
Do they know English?
hC Answers: C questions English practice
Vasu: We work in the same department.
(Question Structure
p[ ])
'verb'
1. They come here daily. .
But he works in another section. 2. y-[ -u h. They do not come here daily. 1. x W \- ] h?
( -d-x \ ho. You always come late. Do they come here daily? 2. O Eo E---] h?
F {x E--h[) y-p[ -u . (not) 2. You meet him every day. 3. O - h---\[ ?
Ramu: Which section does he work in? You do not come late. You do not meet him every day. 4. x vA ]--?
( {x E h[?) y-[ -u h? Do you meet him everyday? 5. p # O -?
Vasu: Why do you want to know all this? Do you always come late? 3. We sing well. 6. O -C-h?
(y N- ] ---- 7. x W \- p--h?
----o?) 8. vA C- y--JE --?
j - -E-. Question do, 9. E- Fd?
does h-o. O [ ---[ 10. O K - - \[
English u. ?
Regular doing words (1st RDW, 2nd RDW) j questions vA--E --
- come, comes; go, goes- -N
not , d L ! .
question --p[ v-h L. Answers:
Txj d N 1. Why do they come here every day?
x -hC. Ans: They come here to see me.
vA W ] 2. Why do you watch so many movies?
NtC . Ans: I watch them because I like them.
I go to college at 9 AM. 3. o- - h. We do not sing well.
3. Where do you buy books usually?
] Nt-C- x - His friends help him. Do we sing well?
Ans: I buy them at that stall.
I do not (don't) go to college at 9 AM. o- - . 4. I know English.
4. What newspaper do they read?
vA V x o --. His friends do not help him. I do not know English.
Do you know English?
Ans: They read the Eenadu.
They meet me every day. 5. When do your holidays begin?
x --. 5. These teachers teach well.
These teachers do not teach well. Ans: They usually begin in April 3rd week.
They do not meet 6. How much do you earn?
Do these teachers teach well?
me every day.
--p[ (uA-
x 8 6. We watch English movies. Ans: Why do you want to know?
'not'
We do not watch English movies. (O-] --------o?)
- p--E),
question p[
o- - h? Do you watch English movies? 7. When do they come here every day?
Do his friends help him? 7. The doctors here treat well. Ans: They come here at 7 PM
1st RDW (come, go
The doctors here do not treat well.
N) 'do'
know = do know
Do the doctors here treat well?
8. Whom do you meet every sunday?
hC. come = do come
8. They act well.
Ans: I meet my friend.
help = do help
Eo u M. SURESAN
[ j ux -E-. They do not act well.
9. What kind of movies do you like?
Ans: I like suspense movies.
1) I go there every Sunday. C u- English practice Do they act well?
10. Where do you buy provisions usually?
a) I do not go there every Sunday. . English
what, where, when, which,
Ans: I buy them at that shop.
b) Do I go there every Sunday? 1. Rx-\- W h. whose, whom and why
questions
2) They speak Telugu. Rx\- W . [- ? OE .
O !
'wh' words
a) They do not speak Telugu. Rx-\- W h? O questions 'wh' questions.
b) Do they speak Telugu? 2. y E W --. 'wh' - 'wh' questions 1
(1) go not --p[ 1 (a) do y E W --.
st RDW do + 1 st RDW hC. p Tx O
go -C. Question 1 (b) do y E W ---? 1. O ? p Tx, vA\, [,
go -C. 3. [. What do you know? >[, j]82
(2) Speak not --p[ [. 2. O-\-[-? # a.
2(a), question 2(b) do speak - [-? Where do you live? email: pratibha@ eenadu.net
C.
3) We like mangoes vo: standard {vFE J ] -]. --p[ vu- {vF a -C-# N-
a) We do not like mangoes L? j Word y o Spellings E - . N
b) Do we like mangoes? Ad Y]lA L---. L. existence ] spelling Pronunciation
Key to dictionary entries -- existance E parts of speech
\[ like not F question N? A- ] Dictionary -]. parts of speech , -i
F --p[ do like [ -E- j, K-- --p[ a ] e vu-o- Print , -
Type C.
. -[ -A ]. -
d 1 RDW + not/?= do + 1st RDW. : Standard dictionary Word A--d Y ]lA C.
Parts of speech Noun, Verb
Eo #hC.
1st Regular Doing Words (come, Word A-d ]lA . v h--Eo d a Idiom a h,
go -N)E not question --
Alphabetical order refer [. y ] -[ -- Synonyms, antonyms
p[ do + 1st RDW -C. L_ refer - C C. L.
---L. ] vA @j o Lead Word ...C. OE Key to dictionary
C- not uA-, questions English alphabet v a-z
practice . Eo --... L-L. --L. entries N-J-h.
1. x Tx . Spelling d -L. N {vF NE--Eo u -
A ] Spelling #a-
Key to dictionary entries n - hC.
L L. - pLx p-
I [- 28 W 2005

Raghu: Does your friend meet you regular- He does not

ly?
(O v Eo u-- -h?) move out of home
Ramu: Which friend? ( v?) on sunday.
Raghu: Seshu ()
Ramu: Yes, he meets me regularly. But
he does not meet me on sundays.
(. u-- -h[ F
C- v -[.)
Raghu: Why does he not (doesn't he) meet
you on sundays?
(C-- ] -[?)
Ramu: He does not move out of home on Does Usha play well? ANSWERS:
sunday. C u- vd . 1. a) Mr Ananda Rao teaches well.
( C- x ]-[.) 1. a) -]- C-h. b) Mr Ananda Rao does not teach well.
j - ! 2nd RDW meets b) -]- C-. c) How does Mr Ananda Rao teach?
question not does meet -C. c) -]- C-h? 2. a) They help others.
does move moves (not #a- 2. a) x -- h. b) They do not help others.
-p[). b) x -- .
c) x -- h?
c) Do they help others?
Come, go, Walk 1st RDWs
(Regular Doing Words) not, 3. a) - \ W h.
3. a) Mr Rao comes here every day.

questions --p[ do h-]E b) Mr Rao does not come here every day.

o. c) Does Mr Rao come here every day?

eg: 4. a) We watch the TV for an hour every
1) They come here everyday. morning.

Does phC?
a) they do not come here every day. b) We do not watch TV for an hour every
b) Do they come here every day? morning.
2) You come here often. c) When do you watch the TV every day?
a) You do not come here often. 5. a) The paper comes every day at 6 AM.
b) Do you come here often? b) The paper does not come here at 6
p[2nd Regular Doing Words- AM.
comes, goes, walks, talks
verbs not c) When does the paper come?
F, question F p[
'does' 5. a) We get the paper at 6 AM
hC.2nd RDWs- he, she, it [. b) We do not get the paper at 6 AM
d
'does'
he, she, it --T- Q: Does (Sunil) find?
L. 4) goes (+ not) = does not go; b) - \- W . c) When do you get the paper?

1) Sunita (She) sings well. Q: Does (Sita) go? c) - \- W h? 6. a) They understand his teaching well.

2nd RDW
h--. 4. a) ] O h. b) They do not understand his teaching
a) Sunita does not sing well. takes = does take (with not/?) b) ] O [. well.
2nd RDW
c) O W O p[ h? c) How well do they understand his teach-
\[verb 'does sing' - not . comes = does come (with not/?)
writes = does write (with not/?) . W ] 6 hC.
5 a) ing?
b) Does Sunita sing well?
p[ C E . b) W ] 6 - ]. 7. a) You read the paper every day.
\[ verb 'does sing' - question . N
practice
-C-#- c) W Eo- hC? b) You do not read the paper everyday.
\[ sings + not/?
1st RDW, 2nd RDW
N. Eo ]sx 'do',J Eo 6. a) x ] n-C. c) What paper do you read everyday?
= does sing
]sx Lq C. v-h b) x ] n ]. 8. a) She goes to her friends' on Sundays.
sings not F, 'does'
c) x ]
question F -- nC?
b) She does not go to her friends' on

p[ 'does sing' 7. a) O W ]--.

Sundays.

C. b) O W ]-.
c) How often does she go to her friends'?
9. a) She likes him.
2) Kumar (he) knows c) O W ]--?
9
8. a) C-- x vq
English.
x b) She does not like him.
a) Kumar does not
M. SURESAN -E# practice . C. c) Why does she like him so much?

b) C-- x vq x].
know English. 10. a) He goes to Vizag every week.
eg:
b) Does Kumar know English?
11 .. [--. c) x vq - - b) He does not go to Vizag every week.
(-E- !
knows + not/? = does know)
1. a)
I go to bed at 11 PM. C? c) Why does he go to Vizag every week?
3) Hari likes music.
b) 11 .. [-. 9. a) - d. 11. a) We take coffee.
a) Hari does not like music.
I do not go to bed at 11 PM. b) - d ]. b) We do not take coffee.
b) Does Hari like music?
O-Eo- [--? c) - ]- d? c) What do you take, coffee or tea?

'not' questions J-Eo
2nd RDWs
c)
10. a) vA- j [.
[. 2. a)
When do you go to bed?
[-C. b) vA- j x[.
1) works (+ not) = does not work;
Q: Does (he) work?
b)
Usha plays well.
[].
c) vA- j ] [?
11. a) B-.
O !
2) takes (+ not) = does not take;
Usha does not play well. b) B. p Tx O
Q: Does (she) take?
c) [-? c) O B-, ? p Tx, vA\, [,
3) finds (+ not) = does not find;
>[, j]82
# a.
Nq q Lq #a--p[ my book. simple present
present perfect email: pratibha@ eenadu.net
vo: v-h B--L. 5. I know (that) you stolen my book combination j--?
simple
1. I know you've stolen my book. yesterday. past past perfect j--? tion j-. O ] u .
uEo -a? 6. I knew that you had stolen my book
simple past simple past j-?
just I Know (simple present) you've stolen
2. I knew you had stolen my book. yesterday.
recent actions present perfect +
3. I Knew you stole my book j u ]-s L. present perfect j- N-J---.
(present perfect).
simple past, past perfect combination o
4. I have just Know (that) you've stolen u j- ? . , o-, o [, ] u d.
: I know you have stolen my book F h T-L--E . uEo -a u j-.
DE n y h -L--E \[ T-L--[ . L--[ I knew you had stolen my book. eg:
. . \[ [ past ], I have just noticed that he has not attend-
] T-L-#C LC I Knew you stole my book. y J- d knew, had ed class for the past two days.
p[. ]-sEo d DE n -a stolen L. have noticed, have attended [ pres-
I knew you had stolen my book. F - u p. Simple Present, Present perfect combina- ent perfect ! [ a.
I [- 30 W 2005

v p- J, -
N, 2nd RDW (Regular Doing
Words- comes, goes)
1st
RDW (Regular Doing Words- come, go)

N [.
1st
(Past Doing Word- PDW).
a-[, E-[[, EvC-[, --[, n
-[, [, [, ]l--[[,
a[, u [, -[, [[,
RDW
'not' E,
question F NvA B-[, E-[, ' [,
'do', 2nd RDW
'not' E,
question E [[, [ [, d[, E--[,
'does' hC E -o. [.
Ravi: Hello Ramana when did you return
from Vizag?
--o?
(, j # p[ AJ-- Let's go over what we've learnt so far.
a?) -- a--oC J l.
Ramana: I returned yesterday. am, is, are; was, were; have/has been; shall
(Eo AJ--a.) be/will be;1st Regular Doing Words (go, h @. come - came
Ravi: Why did you go to Vizag? come, walk
verbs), 2nd Regular Doing The pages of the book (book's- [--[]) like - liked
(j ] x?) Words (goes, comes, walks
verbs) x. talk - talked
Ramana: I went there to attend a marriage O 'not' ,
question
do, does [[ legs of the table (table's p) smell - smelt
the day before. --o. -Doors of the house. kill - killed
( Rx --u-] o p[ OE -E-. --v
Wheels of the car. etc.
\- x.) -J/---JC = whose p[ - [. OE j L- past actions [.
Ravi: How did the marriage go off? -J-E/---J = whom Ramu: I went to my uncle's place last p[ [.
(Rx J-TC?) a) Whose book is this? evening. 1) He comes on time everyday, but he came
Ramana: Oh, it went off very well. late yesterday.
(Rx J-TC.) (vAW j h[, Eo -u
j - -E-. return a[ yesterday - came)
before)
p[(yesterday, day before)
.
(yester-
day), went (day before), went (also day
Fo J-T .
J
past actions ( J-T-- -
V, , -q E #a L---
p[) verb - past doing word. C
u [.
A
1) He comes here every day.
of 2) My mother goes to bed early (regular-
goes). She went late to bed yesterday
(yesterday
went).
E j o d
3) India became independent in 1947.
( 1947 yv uC.)
4) The movie flopped on the first day of its
release last week (flopped - last week).
5) She passed Intermediate 2 years ago.
] #a I & II Regular Doing Words
(vA-W) regular action C J h? (Eo v u past formsp.
2) I go to movies every sunday. b) Whose is this book? x.) eg: buy/buys (regular) - bought (past-
C regular d
'go' h -JC? Raghu: What was the matter? J-T--C)
B c) y -JE \ d--[-?A , B ? (]?) sing/sings (regular) - sang (past- [[
1) He came here yesterday. Whom do you like more, A or B? Ramu: My cousin returned from the states --C)
( Eo a[) the day before. He wanted to see OE vd .
(past action , Eo ? Eo E j me. A[ (Regular), [, [-[, a-[,
o d came) (o x-s -J # [, x[[, [, [[, d[,
2) He went to a movie last night. AJ--a[. o ----- [, ][, [
C Eo vA j x 10 o[.) Answers:
J-T-]E o d went. Raghu: I tried to get you over phone this eat/eats - ate;
C d [. morning; but your people told me buy/buys - bought;

Regular actions d) y -J --- you were out. walk/walks - walked;

(v p- J-N) [-? ( V ]l O learn/ learns - learnt;

Regular Doing Words Whom do you help? . F O x E write/writes - wrote;

e) ? p.) talk/talks
shout/shouts
-
-
talked;
shouted;
Whom does she know? Ramu: Yes, I spent the whole of last night
I RDW II RDW ;
my- mine- C. at my uncle's.
weep/weeps - wept;

(I, We, You & they) (He, She & It) a)C . M. SURESAN (. Eo v u build/builds - built;

x- o.)
drink/drinks - drank;
go goes This is my pen.
move/moves - moved;
see sees b) C. - J-Q-Lh J L- change/changes - changed.
come comes This pen is mine. - J-T --- J# x--
know knows our - ;
ours - C x -hC. verbs: went (last evening),
tell tells your- F/O returned (the day before), wanted (after he
teach teaches yours- FC/-OC came), tried (this morning), told (this morn-
write writes This is my book; Where is yours? OE
ing). went, returned, wanted, tried, told -
sing sings (C h; F-\[?) - .
past tense past
keep keeps his- -E/---EC; verbs- Past Doing Words.
learn learns her- \ OE u J-T , V, vo: present tense, past tense, future
walk walks hers- C -q, j E L---p[ tense N], x -
Past actions, Time stated
her E n C. [. -T- N-J---.
( j J-T-N) This is Ramesh's shirt. I met him yesterday. . , ]l-
C \. -C, - C (Eo E ---o)
Past Doing Words
E L----E 's (Apostrophe- s) : Tx x--] tenses x -
went saw
[.
They lost a lot of money last year.
---Lq - ]. Time of action (E-
( -q x [s -d- -J ) d -Lq verb (verb
came knew
o J ]h. -o)
told taught form) -- . p QJ{-
wrote sang
My father's cloths.
t j L- past actions ( J- #a -Fo tense -C-#-. E
kept learnt T -) past doing words (past sim- vd .
ple ) L--L. past doing words (past
My mother's jewels
walked
J E E, -J C E F p--E : (W 28) Q&A
C n a English verbs , English 's (apostrophe- s) [.
simple) --- vJ# voE u
Regular Doing Words, Past Doing Words
v E ---i C --E 's go - went jC ]. u L
practice . [. E ] 'of' [. see - saw I have known (that) you've stolen my
eg: A[
eat (I RDW), eats (II RDW), ate write - wrote book.
I [- E 2 Vj 2005

Sridhar: Where were you last Evening? .) > -D \-

(Eo \-[-o?) [-[. \-\-[-?
Srikanth: I was at Sankar's. We spent the Ramesh: M]. ] q---
evening together. ----o?
( Rxx o. Naresh: Eo --E (want to
v ]l L o.) [).
Sridhar: Do you see him everyday? Answer:
(W y Eo ---?) Ramesh: Hi Naresh? How are you?
Srikanth: No. He is out some evenings. He ( --J- practice
attends music classes two or three )
evenings a week. Naresh: Fine. Thank you. How are you?
(] Eo--V v Ramesh: Fine too. Thank you. Why are you [ . practice O C.
x [[. -E [, [ here? Ramesh: Do you read a lot?
VOCABULARY
-v U a--[.) (How is it you are here?/What brings you (Have you/do you have the habit of reading?)
Sridhar: When did he start learning? here?/How do I see you here now?- O-Eo Naresh: Yes, I read a lot. Reading interests Sentence structures practice
(a--[ p[ ] d[?) n . u- practice me/ I am interested in reading. - vocabulary ( Eo
Srikanth: I don't know. I think he has been .) Ramesh: Don't you (Do you not) watch ) -L.
at, is for at least 6 to 7 months Naresh: I bought some books in this shop movies? climb up = \[
now. here this morning. One of them is (\[ -E-. h? Do you watch? climb down = C[
rush = yy

( L]. F [ - x[/ -N-
E O o-[--.) x[/urgent Ej [.
Sridhar: How about a movie tomorrow? Will

Do you?
Hurry up, please = y F.
you be free? Why are you in a hurry?
( E ? y ]- ] F?/--] [--o?
S?) hurry(J) = ]

!
Srikanth: I will be away tomorrow. I will be Crawl (v) = [
free the day after tomorrow. u x E -, K \
( -[. x S xo v, x N, [-E x
.) x [, x, x
j - -E-. Eo creep (v-vq, vd) .
Time d verb forms ? [ L E- ][.
C - O friends F, O - not in a good condition / is in a bad [ Do you not watch / Don't you Creep--u, -- ]-[
-J x--J--j practice . p--- condition. I want to return it. watch? n C.
Spoken English Columns #a Ramesh: What's (=What is) wrong with the Naresh: Do you? = worry (J);
N- O follow , - book? \[ Do you watch movies E Jh [-[ =amble ()
O . ( C x ] OO (What's wrong- C Tx- y---- Lq - ]. / Do you sea a lot? (camp am -L)
friends x practice .) Ramesh: Oh, yes. I ]-- = haste (d)
Ramesh: o? watch at least
Naresh: o, uu. PRONUNCIATION GUIDE
y one movie a
o?
Ramesh: o. uu.
x 11 week. / I watch
movies at least
1) English hitting, betting, selling, hum-
ming, cunning - a [--
p[ \-[-o? once a week. - -L.
Naresh: h- ]l Eo h- [ n: -?, ?, \[ O - hitting =
o. J p--o?) --L-T Oh, yes, I M. SURESAN betting =
]. Eo AJT a--E -- Naresh: Some pages are missing. do. At least once a weak. selling = L
o. Ramesh: Didn't you (did you not) notice it E clipped sentences (C-# u) [- humming = N
Ramesh: h- ? this morning when you bought it? a. I do= I watch. cunning = E,
Naresh: Eo @ . -u -C [ -E, pur- Naresh: Tomorrow is/will be a holiday for (d, d, Lx etc [])
Ramesh: ] o-[ -E--? chase(s) past doing word 'purchased' [- us. My cousin Jagadish also will 2) Looked, booked, talked, pressed, jumped
Naresh: Cl ]- o! - C u. ---- be here tomorrow. Where will you - - x #J 'ed'E t -L.
Ramesh: F h- C --? E, -, buy, buys, bought etc. d. - be? Looked= Lookt; talked=talkt etc.
Naresh: \ ]--. ]- -] purchase [-a. Ramesh: I don't (do not) know. Why do you
h.
Ramesh: E- [?
I have a few purchases to make.
Eo h- - L.
want to know?
Naresh: I wish to/want to invite you to my
O !
Naresh: y h? Oj buy, buys, bought [. - place. p Tx O
Ramesh: . F -E--J. C. . -- Spoken English p Tx, vA\, [,
Naresh: (tomorrow begin Naresh: I was in a little hurry -o Cl -- ---- >[, j]82
# a.
email: pratibha@ eenadu.net
vo: 'She has had this job for the last 'She has been this job for the last one year v's' / 'es' h.
one year' , 'She has been this job u d ]. She has been in this vo: E -h. DEE Tx- : I got married, I was married [
for the last one year' [ job L (in L). ? d. n v Cl C.
u N? vo: Simple present tense subject's . v, [ got married = x-C ( V,
I
N--t, N--[ singular o-p[ verb 's' E, : I will make him / her / them / you -q C- N- ]-sEo d
'es'E -h. Subject - 'I' o- do it. clear ).
: 'She has had this job for the last
one year' She has been in this job
p[ verb 's', 'es' a--]? vo: I got married, I was married Ex: I got married (on Monday last/ last
. --], Cl--E-
o, year / in 2004 / 22nd June etc.)
for the last one year' o n . [ u j--? ]-
u -q- ]E : Simple present Singular sub- s uEo --T- I was married = DE n p-

jects Eo- Verb 's' / 'es'a. III L? x----]E.

. y, -[ Q: Were you married (at the time)?
] u-E n. u-E n
u- -q < C. Person singular subjects- He, She, It
A: yes, I was married.
I [- 4 Vj 2005

Pranav: How is everybody, Praveen? [[.

(vO! ] o, children (plural) - child (singular)
-?) child
] - he/she It
Praveen: Not bad, I suppose. How is it with .
you? 6. Do snakes lay eggs?
( o----o. y ( [x [-?)
o) pron: lay : () = [x--N d[
Pranav: Fine. Thank you. 7. These hotels do good business.
( o) do good business = u [[
jFo --J . O vq, 8. Why do students waste time?
Eo--- ---o-p[ --J (Nu-n ] ' h?)
[--[. 9. How well they swim!
Praveen: How about practising the following (x ]-!) : UhC. - -
exercise? (How about C a-u-n (exclamation )!. question ]. Pranav: Well, how was that exercise? A a-C. (get [.)
English
- v--E 10. Do I look ill? exercise?
( ) : U[ \[ a-C?
exercise
[-. ( --u E--h-o?) Praveen: Which exercise do you mean? : - a-C.
practice l? E n) 11. Where do they work? ( q--j J# y x-[- Answer:
Pranav: It suits me fine. -o?)
(x \[ E--h? / x u Raghu: Who drew that picture?
C t-AE L-- Pranav: The last exercise about rewriting
Ramu: Lata
\[?)
12. Do you go to movies often? sentences after changing the sub-

---E [.
Raghu: Does she draw so well?
Let's (= let us) see what it is.
(
l/[F) Ramu: She draws very well. She got even
Exercise -1: a prize last week.
C u-xE subject
, He/she/It (even a prize = -A )
sen- Raghu: Where did she learn it?

n !
Ja, ] T p N
tence practice
. Ramu: She learnt it on her own.
eg:
(on her own = , on my own =
I know the subject well.
-- , on their own = x x,
( bd ) on his own = -- )
\ subject 'I'. I ], He/She (\[ Sx draw B-.
it j n ] d C--.)
- j Shravan , Anjali DE [ n --o .
3) draw = j \-j regular supply
---. p[ I know the subject well
u He/She/Shravan/Anjali knows the ][.
subject well. -C. (O E----h?) ject? - B--.
13. What do they think of this plan? ( ]-JC. sentences I draw milk from this booth.
eg2:
(x ] J# ----o?) subject Ja [) People of this area draw milk from this
These books give a lot of information.
14. What do they do in the evenings? Praveen: It helps us to know when to use booth.
the 1st RDW- Regular Doing
( h- --Eo h.)
4) draw= bank # t B--[.
sentence subject 'These books'. Words (come,
'These books' ] He/She/J He drew Rs. 5000 from the bank.
go N),
j(Ramu/Sita) / this book/it, subject withdraw E -a.
2nd RDW
5) draw=
x 12
(comes, goes
][
These books give a lot of information Freedom fighters drew inspiration from
do,
N),
Gandhi.
does.
u
He/She/Ram/Sita/This book/ It gives a lot of yvu ---] D # pJh
(x -v h?) (N 1st RDW, 2nd RDW,
information -C.
sentence sub-
15. Do you like tea? What do they prefer, cof- do, does N --- M. SURESAN .
p[ \[ #a Eo E fee or tea? -E -[) pron: Inspiration -p--- = pJh
ject He/She/It/Any name
C vd . 6) - ][ = draw information
( uh -, (F d? x C \ d,
practice
h -) d . The police were unable to draw informa-
: 'pron' pronunciation E.
?)
Answers:
--x [ [. tion from the accused.
1. I think I am right. turn on the tap/turn the tap on= ]-[
1. He/She/any name thinks he/she is right. (M- EC- # - ]-
turn off the tap/turn the tap off= d-
( j ---o). 2. He/She/any name helps their/his/her / -d----.)
2. They help their father quite often. father quite often.
[
Ram: Turn on the tap please, I need some accused (ud) = EC-[ (d J-).
(x x o ---[-.) 3. My dog/It/He/She often troubles my/ his/
pron: often -/--d water.
her neighbours.
3. My dogs often trouble my neighbours. 4. He/ She/any name goes to temple on fri-
(h Ap. Fx L.)
Shyam: As soon as you draw enough water,
( \ x days.
please turn it off. Don't waste water.
sC [--.) 5. He/ She/ A good child/ It/ any name obeys
\[ subject 'My dogs' - DEo O his/her/its/ any name's parent.
(O -Lq-Eo Fx Bo -
His/Her/any name d p. 'My dog' 6. Does a snake/It lay eggs?
-. Fx ' -.)
p. 7. This hotel/It does good business.
\[ draw [.
4. I go to temple on fridays. 8. Why does a student waste his/her/any
draw:
1) Fx N [[, ][
vo: W 24 vA p Tx Q&A QJ{-
5. Good children always obey their parents. name's time? . --, t-[ #
9. How well he/she /any name/ It We draw water from the tap/ the well/ the
parents
(Cl---j x x N- ( p-j -J O
.) ) swims? river etc., [-C u-E --i eng-
pron: obey = -- [[, 10. Does he/she/any name look ill? 2) draw n -]-J . lish proverb p-E -.
N[, N- LT 11. Where does he/she/any name work? t [. E j proverb ]E p. F
12. Does he/she/any name go to movies Bapu draws beautiful pictures n saying C ?
O !
often? ( ]-i t Uh) 'All lay loads on a willing horse'
13. What does he/she/any name think of this 1st RDW= draw, 2nd RDW = draws, Past
. E N, o
Doing Word = drew.
p Tx O plan?

p Tx, vA\, [,
14. What does he/she/any name do in the C - English vd . : . Thank you very much E
>[, j]82.
evenings? : t U--? N. One is never too old to learn (
# a. 15. Does he/she/any name like tea? What :
: Uh?
j ----Lq-N )
does he/she prefer?
email: pratibha@ eenadu.net C p[ d.
I [- ] 6 Vj 2005

Ajitha: Hi Naresh, how goes Life? [-a.

( --J x C eg:
. Practice [. Dn, 1)
o E) Laxman: Did you meet Ram yesterday?
Naresh: No regrets. Getting on. Bharat: Yes, I did.
(]-O . J-T--C.) - , Yes I met him .
Ajitha: Did you go through the Eenadu this Conversational
'Yes I did' .
morning? 2)
( V ]l [ C-?) Divya: Does she sing well?
Naresh: No, I didn't. What's new? Deepika: She does, very well.
(]. i N ?) conversational
She does .
Ajitha: Don't you (Do not you/Do you not) , Yes, she sings very well
read the newspaper? .
(u-- ]-?) 3) (j -x 2 No, she is not a good Suman: C p M], E one
Naresh: I do, of course. But this morning I Champa: Do you practice the game regu- singer E E, 3 No, we are not students of the hottestE v .
was in a hurry. I just ran through the larly? E F Jh -\--]) 6)
headlines. My sister reads the Charan: Oh, yes, I do. - -G-y--E clipped Madan: y #-- E--h-o.
paper in detail. I practice the game regularly E h - responses- C-# p]- [-. (seem; a good fellow [)
(]--. F ]l -N- ,'I do' - C. C - [. Manoj: ? C F #- x
-jq v C. x 4) Govind: I play better than Sachin. 7)
h ]--C.) Prameela: Does Kranthi meet you often? Mukund: x -B-?
( # [-.) Murari:
Ajitha: Does she? Prasanthi: No, she doesn't (= does not) / .
Govardhan: Oh, do you? People don't know
(?) 8)
\[answer, 'no' she doesn't
d . that, unfortunately
-- 'do, does, did' Nelson: h- O?
No, she does not meet me often E Jh (, ?v--C L],
. ] OE Neeraj: . Fo /-.

Jh.... p\x]!
-\--]. ]]'d C ) 9)
NJ. Sx # -]
C u Tx- vd . Taruni:O O J-q h?
eg: Sania: h-/--[.
1) Taruni:N h .
Pavan: Eo O ---C? Sania: -/-] ('are' [)
([ happen. what, who y Eo 10)
]sx questions 'do', 'does', 'did' Bhaskar: Rx-\[ -x? (were [)
. eg: O--J-a h? Who Bhanu: -/-] (were L)
gave you the book?) 11)
(What happened to your car yes- Teacher: vo d?
5) OJ-p[ do, does, did, am, is, are etc...
terday?) Pupil: -/-] (is L)
Sekhar: Did you talk to Kalyan yesterday? [ C conversation English O
Prakash: C J T--C. Chandra: No, I didn't (= did not) Answers:
friends practice :
(It broke down yesterday.) No, I did not talk to him.
Jh Lq E-
- break
(, v E-----[ C --- [. 1)
]. Krishna: O D ? Pratima: Do you speak Tamil?
down) 6)
Pavan: (Do you know Hindi?) Pratibha: Yes, I do / No, I don't.
C T---? Mallik: Do you like cricket?
(Does it break down frequently?) Srinivas: M] 2)
Prakash: -]. Eo v o- (No, I don't)/ Janaki: Does Venu like Tennis?
x T--C. (yes, I do). Jayanthi: Yes, he does / No, he doesn't.
(No, it doesn't (does not)). 1) 3)
Pratima:
x 13
No clear
T--a. , O N Shyam: I want to become the CM
No, it doesn't
. x--? Sundar: Oh, do you? Is that enough?
Pratibha: x-[--/- 4)
No it doesn't breakdown frequently E Jh
pLq E-]. Madhav: No, I don't (= do not)
-x-[. Prabhat: Kamal left for/went to Mumbai
2) yesterday
2) I don't like cricket M. SURESAN
E Jh -\--]. Janaki: E Praveen: Did he? Why?
Pradeep: Sreenivas sings well.
C conversation J-Q-L-. Do, does d?(like [) 5)
(XE- [-[). did am, is, are, was, were xh Jayanthi:
Prasanth: Does he?
d-/-] Sukumar: Our city is the best in A.P.
responses y-a. 3) Suman: Oh, is it? which city is it?
(-?/--[-?) 1) Shyam:
\[ does he sing so well E Jh u-vAE ---- Sukumar: Vijayawada
Padma: Are you a teacher? o. Suman: I don't know whether it is the
Lq E-]. Sundar:
3)
(O ?) ? C ? best, but I know it is one of the
Prakash: Yes I am. 4)
Vinai: She scored the highest marks in last
() hottest places.
Yes, I am a teacher Prabhat: (go /
6)
week's exam.
-\--]. Eo x[
2) leave [)
( K- ]J o Madan: You seem/appear to be a good fel-
Sita: Is Uma a good singer? Praveen: ? ]?
\ \ a.) low
Alivelu: No, she isn't (= is not) 5)
Varun: Did she? Manoj: Do I? That's because of your good-
( ]) Sukumar: v]-v- h
(\[ Did she score... E ness.
Jh Lq - ].) 3) pC (best [) 7)
Ramesh: Are you students? Suman: ? C?
, ] do, does, did Jagan & Naresh: No, we aren't/yes, we are Sukumar: N--[
Mukund: Are they Indians?
Murari: No, they aren't / yes, they are
8)
vo: ] First, second, next : ] u d ]. was
'Best' : This stone was laid by somebody Nelson: Are these books your's?
--T--a? y, 'be' form y , do, \[ stone -C-. , Neeraj: Yes, they are all mine / No,they
>.N.-X-N, ---- go, come, walk 1st RDW (1st Dams, GLf-q- Et- v-G--- aren't. (= are not)
Regular Doing Words) . \[ was p[ VIP -C- [ / -n-
: 'First best' E . ]-, do C English ]. u 'What [.
9)
Taruni: Do you watch TV serials?
'best' first C. next best, did he do?' d. \[ verb: did do = did. The CM laid the foundation stone for the Sania: Yes, I do / No, I don't (=do not)
second best, third best... -a. Answer: He played / sang; He did not do bridge. Taruni: Are they interesting?
vo: Interrogative sentences helping anything a. (u-vA - -C- / Sania: Yes, they are / No, they aren't
verbs --T---p[ was vo: This stone was laid by somebody -n- .) 10)
did ]-sx L? u 'laid' J# N-J--- lie (present tense) (]l p[), lied (past Bhaskar: Were they here?
C ux C j- -. . lying , lie verbs tense), lied (past participle).
Bhanu: Yes, they were / No, they weren't
1) What was he do? , laid verb present, past, lie (present) ([--[, NvA B-- 11)
2) What did he do? past participle -. lay (past), laim(past participle).
Teacher: Is this question difficult?
[...),
.-j.., q-d- X, v- lay (present)
([, [x--d[, -n- Pupil: Yes, it is / No it isn't
[), laid (past), laid (past participle).
I [- v 8 Vj 2005

eg: Ram: y wj h? (Good at eg:

1) What gives light and heat to the driving/well [ [) 1) E- ].
world? Rahim: y h h? , Let's (= Let us) go to a movie
(v--E -, E aC C?) h ] l. 2) h
2) What happened yesterday? (, x x[ ride) Let's have Coffee
(Eo J-TC?) 3) ].
[ ux what y does Let's go home
give E E, did happen E F 4) Tx x-[-
x 14
. , 'who' y . Let us (Let's) converse in English
eg: 5) Tx a-
Let's (Let us) learn English.
1) Who knows the answer?
Answer: II.
(- -J ? 'Who
'Let' n Ey, AEy,
does know?' .) Ram: What happened yesterday?
2) Who gave you the book last night? Rahim: My car broke down.
[Ey- (= t-A-[)
1) E \ F.
(Eo vA F h -J- Ram: Does it breakdown often?
Let him come here
Let's go to a movie

F...F... h F!!
a? Who did give you? .) Rahim: No. It doesn't usually. Only yester-
2) x xF.
Let them go
3) o x-[F.
Venkat: Someone wants to see you. Let me talk
( NtLo -----o.) 4) N-[ [F.
Venu: Let him come in. (-L t-.) Let her sing
Venkat: He wants to talk you sir. 5) o NF.
(- O x------o.) Let me hear M. SURESAN
Venu: Ok, what does he want to talk to me? III.
(, x----- Let n t-A-[ (allow)
-o?) 1) Sx E \- F-
Venkat: I do not know.
- practice . day. I don't let him come here again.
( L-].) Ram: Who repaired it? 2)
Venu: Ok, let him talk. First of all let him Ram: Eo J-TC? E j d Ey
Rahim: j T--C Rahim: A nearby mechanic. Don't let him waste time/ Let him not waste
come in.
(break down [.) Ram: Do you drive? time.
(, -E x-[-F-. ] Rahim: Oh, Yes, I do.
-L F-.) (break down , K, , j 3) DEo L-E-y
Ram: Have you/ Do you have a driver, or Don't let him know it / Let him not know it.
j -- let [ -E-. DEo v - T-[)
do you drive it yourself?
-- y---- [-. Ram: - T--? 4) N-[ E x[Ey
Rahim: ], ]. Eo v J-TC. Rahim: I don't have a driver. I drive it
English I RDW (Regular Doing Words- Don't let him talk to her.
Ram: myself.
go, come verbs) not questions
Eo J ? 5) E \[ [Ey
Rahim: ]_-x o -E. Ram: Do you drive well? / Are you good
p[ 'do'; II RDW (goes, comes Don't let him stay here/ Let him not stay
(nearby= ]_-o) at driving?
verbs) questions 'not' p[ Rahim: (Do you) Want to see how I drive? here.
Ram: y wj h?
'does'; Past Doing Words (PDW- went, came Come, let's have a ride. 6) x- x-[-Ey
Rahim: h.
verbs) 'not'
questions
We don't let children talk.
'did'
Ram: F wjo? y wj \[ 'let' --T# [.
p[ h-]E -o. u--Eo- let allow
E
what, who
Eo ]-sx do, does,
y h? ]-sx 'let' j E l
Rahim: wj [. wj h.
hC .
did N E -E-L. E #-[.

vo: Being -- passive will be your plan? am having, is having, are having N
vo: u- v- --J#
[ J- o[ E n. .
[. F He is being
voice vo: having ]-sx [- A[, B-[ nE [-.
u being N-]
difficult What will you be? ? ] #a--p[ verb LT [[ n [.
L-----.Actually Where will you be? past participle ? I am having a car A-
being y verb past participle What will your plan be? ---- N-J-. o- N-K-n hC.
L ! being ]-s How will your plan be? N--, C --E I have a car.
[- L-----. E vo u L. vo : I, We, You, They have o-- [,
. p- , o bd ] will be/ shall be/ can . He, She, It has . o.
My friend has a son and a daughter.
: He is being difficult-
be/ may be -[] ! F - a) I/We/You/My friends (they) have the
My friend is having a son and a daughter.
O p Tx book.
p[ u o[ E n. \[ -- What will be your b) My friend (He/She) has the book. a N-K-n x A-
'is being' p[ [[ (continu-
plan? E C p ! c) The fan (It) has three blades. o-E !
ous), is being y past participle d -x am having / is having /
p v v L--- have/has [ n:
C passive voice -C. are having [.
1. j -J [[ (LT [[).
--.
The letter is being written ([ I am having tea, because coffee is not
C I am/We are writing the letter pas- x-V 'd-U--b, E[-]- j ux have n . available. am having correct.
: What will be your plan? d.
\[
sive). is being \ difficult - 2. A[, [ () ( ] d --o)
L - N x O j-. what a) I have coffee in the mornings. She is having a beautiful necklace.
o-E n. v-G vo- Eo ]sx will be, ( ] B--.) C j [. ]-. x-
I am being good to you. shall be L h. N 'what ques- b) My mother has breakfast at 8 AM. A]. d she has a beautiful
F x # -o (p[). tions' v. What will your (t ] E-N-C- v-d necklace L.having C# JEo
He is being harsh. plan be? [ d. \- What hC.) N ux Jal.
I [- C 10 Vj 2005

Murali: Hi Sravanthi, keeping well? Walk - not / question do walk

(vB, -o?) Walks - not / question does walk
C --J. O conversation (For Regular actions)
[. Past Doing Words (came, walked,
Sravanthi: I am, of course. How about you? talked, sang, stood verbs) not ,
(---. F A?) question 'did' hC. (Sx h--.
(How about you?= F A) j L- past action Past Doing Word
Murali: I am OK. I saw you at the park [.)
last evening. He sang well yesterday.
( o. Eo v (Eo [)
Eo \ .) Eo [-] ( not )
Sravanthi: But I didn't (= did not) see you. He did not sing well yesterday. b) They did not come here last week.
c) x \ p[ a?
Why didn't you (= did you not) 'did' not c) When did they come here last week?
[ -E-. d) x \- ] a?
talk to me. Eo ? (C question) d) Why did they come here last week?
e) x \ ] ]?
( Eo [-]. -] Did he sing well yesterday? 6. a) - ] x v (ago) e) Why didn't they come here last week?
x-[-]?) \[ question 'did' [ -E- --o. (didn't they = did they not / did not they)
. b) - ] -x v --- 6. a) I met her first (for the first time) four
Eo [? ]. years ago (back ]).

JTO.. EO!
How did he sing? c) y p[ --o? b) I did not meet her four years ago.
p[ [? d) p[ F pC? c) When did you meet her?
When did he sing? e) p[ F o p? d) What did she tell you / say to you then?
e) Did she tell you / say anything to you?
7. a) We made all these ready yesterday.
b) We did not make all these ready yes-
terday.
c) Did you make all
these ready yes-
terday?
d) Why didn't you
(did you not / did
not you) make all
these ready yes-
d h----Lq N 7. a) Eo Fo ]l . terday? M. SURESAN
Past Doing Word (past simple form) not b) Eo- Fo ]l -]. e) Why did you
E, question F did + 1st Regular c) O Eo- Fo ]l ? make all these ready yesterday?
Doing Word -C. d) O Eo- Fo ] ]l - 8. a) I studied in Nellore last year.
He sang well yesterday. ]? b) I did not study in Nellore last year.
How about you? a) He did not sing well yesterday. e) O Eo- Fo ] ]l c) Where did you study?
b) Did he sing well yesterday? ? d) Did you study in Nellore?
sang + not/? = did sing 8. a) -q x- C-. 9. a) I went to a movie yesterday.
Murali: I had a call from home. My C u Tx- practice . b) I did not go to a movie yesterday.
b) -q x- ]--
mother wanted me immediate- eg: Eo \- a[. c) Did you go to a movie yesterday?
].
ly. So I rushed home. He came here yesterday. d) Did I go to a movie yesterday?
c) y \[ C-?
( # #aC. d) y x- C-? e) Why did you go to a movie yesterday?
t o tC. 9. a) Eo E x. f) Which movie did I go to, yesterday?
-- --x.) b) Eo E- x-]. 10. a) Hemant bought a car last week.
Sravanthi: I stayed at with my friend
x 15 c) y Eo E x? b) Hemant did not buy a car last week.
Sudha till 7 PM. c) Did Hemant buy a car last week?
d) Eo E x?
( o-- ] vA 7 e) Eo y E- ]--x? d) Which car did Hemant buy (last week)?
\- o.) Eo \- ]. f) Eo E x? d past actions, time stated (j L,
conversation verbs- saw, had, want- He did not come here yesterday. 10. a) o[. J-T) Past Doing Word (came,
ed, rushed and stayed. Questions #a- sang, wrote N) [. -E
Eo \- a? b) -].
-p[ did see, did talk [ -E-. Did he come here yesterday? c) o? questions did + 1st Regular Doing Word
verbs Past Doing Words . N 1. a) -J RxC. d) o[? [.
L- - ( V, b) - -J x-]. Answers:
-q, , C- N-) c) J Rx?
J-T - J# -. E 2. a) -q vU Jh--[. 1. a) She went to / left for the US last Week.
Sx J h--a-. b) -q vU Jh - b) She did not go to / leave for the US last
Past doing Words J-Eo --- ]. Week.
[. c) vU p[ Jh--[? c) Did she go to / leave for the US?
Regular Doing Past Doing 2. a) He completed (his) degree last year.
vo:
3. a) -- ] C-
Words Words b) He did not complete (his) degree last Standard English v -
vu.
Come, Comes Came b) -- ] C- v year. v[- h E -
c) When did he complete (his) degree?
X], A-A
Sing, Sings Sang
L.
].
Like, Likes Liked c) -- ] C- v--- \[ 'Complete' ], 'take', 'pass'
practice
Talk, Talks Talked
:
.
pp number [ J ]. --
u?
Smell, Smells Smelt 4. a) Eo y E ---o. 3. a) The classes began at 10 AM.
b) The classes did not begin at 10 AM.
Vx x -] , STD
b) Eo y -E ---]. Trunk booking o-p[ #a
Regular Doing Words not questions c) Eo y -E ] -- c) Did the classes begin at 10 AM.?
uh (Particular Person -PP) call E
do, doesh. o? 4. a) You met him yesterday. G uh #a x . -
come - not / question do come 5. a) x \ a. b) You did not meet him yesterday. -- E ---E C
comes - not / question does come b) x \- ]. c) Why did you meet him yesterday? CONTACT NUMBER- O]
5. a) They came here last week. -- E n.
I [- 12 Vj 2005

b) To drive a car in such traffic is difficult. book?

( trafficcar drive [ 13) Raghava does not want to study.
d.) -E-
c) To smoke is bad for health. Scold, chide, reprimand = p-[[, ]-L-
( a[ -u-E E-.) [, --[
n ([, A[ ) #a- crush = -[, [[, L-T--[
-p[ infinitive ] 'ing' from (eating, Squeeze = ( ) [[
smoking, etc) [-a. n ]. Squeeze tooth paste/shaving cream on the
a) To sit in the class for five hours is not a brush.
joke. paste
(v O] [).
Sitting in the class for five hours is not a Squeeze dry =
Students go to college to study
]h u
joke (to sit - sitting). [[.
b) To drive a car is difficult. n wring.
Driving a car is difficult twist = [, L--d[
Prasanthi: Hi Preethi, where were you yes- (purpose)
c) To smoke is bad for health.
l L--[.
terday? twist the arm = L--d[
a) Students go to college to study.
Smoking is bad for health. fold = [, [ d[
(vA, Eo y \[-o?) (]---E) C u- English practice
.
Preethi: I went to Ameerpet to see my b) Suseela came here to join a college.
C x --.
cousin Prema.
1) x----o. lizard - Lx
(college --E)
cousin Prema
2) E --C. (Dinosaurs E giant lizards )
( [-E c) He went out an hour ago to buy vegeta-
Ameerpet
3) vA NuJn best college --- giant - K K----[
x.) bles. (--E)

[ n infinitive
Prasanthi: I called you yesterday to ask you
-[. (WWE wrestlers ). giant, gigantic
Want, wish, hope, expect, desire J-
for some books. Why is Prema in
Hyderabad now?
(Eo h- [--E Eo F
. v j]---
]-C?)
Preethi: To join a software institute here.
(\[ software institute --
E)
Prasanthi: Which institute does she want to
study in?
4) TE [--E Eo vA size
L verbs \ infinitive h - (, j-) o ]l E.
( d-u- ]----- x. His is a gigantic figure.
E n hC. 5) ]- [--E W s- Giant wheel
a) She wants to sing.
C?) (K ); --.
Preethi: I don't know. To learn software in
[. tortoise ().
(-E --C.)
some good place is all that she
6) v ]-[ chameleon
b) He wishes to go home.
--Lx (O-L-)
wants.
v d ]. dove/pigeon
( x-E ---o[.)
(M]. -Lq-]x 7) -] [- # parrot
# institute software [ ]. xx - x N domestic fowl.
a[) 8) [ Eo Jd--
j -- to see, to ask, to join, to learn x a---E
college x-].
o -E-.
Fo o? x 16 9) <--E
To y 1st Regular Doing Words (see, ask,
--?
join, learn) h-o . OE infinitives
10) F ]-[ d M. SURESAN
c) They hope to pass.
? (like
. (pass y-E/----E P-h-o.)
vo: p Tx ]- ,
English infinitive vu C.
[)
d) Kamala expects to get a prize.
Infinitive J-Eo ---
11) u h]E vO
to eat
(wj ]--E --C.) Ph?(hope, get) [. - - V J-T-.
[, (to write), A[ (to eat) etc ] h- - -C-#
to smoke
12) h --E Eo \- x?
infinitive L---hC. - present perfect tense
to buy
13) - ]--E ].
a) To sit in the class for five hours a day is L . O past tense a-
to sell etc. not a joke . Answers:
-N? Eo p-j J-
Infinitive [ n- [. j - 1) I want to go.
(] x a[ T N-- past tense L .
- O -E . ].) 2) She wishes to sing. u bought, didn't you ]-
3) Every student wants to join the best col- have bought, haven't you
C Vocabulary items O --x she bought the same necklace as hers. lege. present perfect --T a
(-o x \N[ o-] 4) I went to the hospital yesterday to see a
. --v]-Jh, -[
[ N-J---.
VOCABULARY

1) {u--[[ envy ) patient.

5) Venu goes to Subbarao's everyday to play
: Past actions, time known J-
she envies her sister. 3) gratitude - (v-u) '-c.
(]J O] {u--[-C) He has gratitude. chess.
2) jealousy- He has no gratitude. 6) Prem does not like to study this group. TN j , V E #a
jealous - - [[ 4) grateful - (v--) '-c LT 7) To walk/walking such a distance is not p--L-T p[ past simple v
----oN -p[ L I am grateful to you for your help. easy. [. J-T E p[, ,
] {u (envy). (O --E '-Vc-E) 8) He did not go to college yesterday to get V, j E p-p[ (
--oC vu 5) x '-c-- thankful the certificates. ] j ]-s--- L--p[
T_]- C (jealousy). I am thankful that I have such parents. 9) Does she want/wish to buy the sari? p) present perfect [.
10) Don't you like (Do you not like) to study? a) He has brought a car.
A poor man may envy a rich man. ( Lx]v[--o-] - '-Vc-E)
(]--E h ] {u --a) (grateful - E x '-c--, 11) Does Pramila hope to get that job? (j L--[ ])
12) Where did you go yesterday to buy the b) He bought the car this morning.
She is jealous of her neighbour because thankful - x '-c )
(j o)
I [- 14 Vj 2005

Bhaskar: Hi, Bhanu. What are you doing? -\- -o[ (p[).
( h-o) f) Are you threatening me?
Bhanu: Don't you see? I am preparing for o C-J-h-o? (p[).
an exam. g) She is not dancing well.
([[ ? K- v----o) u [ ] (p[).
Bhaskar: Oh, are you? Where is your h) Am I troubling you?
brother? NtLo sC [-o?
(, O v] \[?) (p[).
Bhanu: He is getting ready to go to college i) Why aren't they (are they not) coming?
( x--E ]l----o[) x-] [] (p[).
Bhaskar: And What about your parents? j) You are wasting time.
(J O Lx-]-v[ ?) y j ' h-o (p[).
Bhanu: They are watching the T.V. am + ing, is + ing, are + ing verbs p[
(x O ho.) Amala: I think she is going to make tea for b) \ a \- hC.
--o - [. C E us. I think my brother is watching an
'What about', 'How about' -? English G_- practice . My sister is coming here next week.
-] [-. practice . English movie. c)
Aruna: ! h-o? x [ [ Vx .
a) How about my money? Aruna: No. He is watching a Telugu serial. They are buying a car in two or three days.
Amala: vo- h-o.
[s -? Aruna: Eo disturb h-o? ui N d) a- -J -o[.
b) What about that book? Amala: ]. TV o disturb hC. 1. am + ing, is + ing, are + ing - verbs Sumanth is leaving for the US next month.
h -? Aruna: h-o? p[ --o - v [. (future will, shall
[-a. j
c) How about a movie this evening? Amala: t h]-. v pE, p[ J -, O #a L---p[, J--E #a-i--p[,

p[... !!
v E-? am + ing/ is + ing/ are + ing \ [--
d) What about the dinner you promised me? .)
-h-o o N ? C E English practice .
j - are doing, am preparing, is a) [ \[ h-o[.
getting, are watching - verbs -E-. b) -- -l--o.
O : am + ... ing, is + ... ing, are + ...ing. c) a- -n d \[ [ u
form J-Eo verbs. [-C.
am studying / is studying / are studying d) a- h-o?
am walking / is walking / are walking Aruna: O brother h-o[. --, Regular Doing Words (go, goes, e) dE p[ qd h-o?
am singing / is singing / are singing Amala: [ ho? come, comes, sing, sings verbs) f) a- -\- x[ ]. j
am working / is working / are working Aruna: . O t p[ -C - v [. Every day, very often, fre- . (j = week after the next).
am + ing, is + ing, are + ing verb forms C. quent, rarely, never, once, twice, three g) vA vGbE v-G-h (inaugura-
(present continuous / present progressive Amala: d--E -]--. times etc., a day, a week, a month etc. tion).
tense ) p[ --o (I think begin ) broth- ( regularity E # - [[ h) E--Jq C Vx L N[-]
- L--h. er english movie ho[-. o.) hC (N[-] = release).
'I' am + ing, Aruna: ]. english movie [[ ]. 2. am + ing, is + ing, are + ing, j Lh i) x AJT h.
he, she ( j sin- serial h-o[. j) - --.
gular ), it ( hj, Answers:
Answers:
-j singular ) a) He is coming here tomorrow.
is + ing, Aruna: Hi, Amala, what are you doing?
Amala: I am writing answers to these ques- b) We are starting/leaving in half an hour.
plural subjects Eo-
, you are + tions. x 17 c) The Pak team is playing two matches here
next week.
Aruna: Am I disturbing you?
ing h. M. SURESAN d) Who is coming next week?
a) I am watching the T.V. Amala: Not at all. ( expression practice

O --x [. ], - j, V, , -q, e) When are you consulting the doctor?
O h-o (p[). Eo V, - N- Lh f) I am not going there next week. I am going
b) My mother is cooking. ], -] E n) The TV is dis-
turbing me.
-- - [-a. there the week after next.
t hC (p[). a) j]-- -o g) The minister is inaugurating the bridge
c) Kumar is not studying. Aruna: Who is watching the TV?
Amala: I think my mother is watching the TV
(I am leaving for Hyderabad tomorrow. tomorrow.
]-[ ] (p[).
Aruna: Your brother is also watching.
\[ tomorrow E p[ x future h) The University is releasing the results in
d) What is your father doing? action [-o. tomorrow - ' I
Amala: Is he also watching? ten days.
O o h-o (p[). am leaving for Hyderabad' p[ i) They are returning within a week.
e) Where is he going? Aruna: Yes, but your mother is going into
the kitchen.
o E n.) j) I am meeting the CM tomorrow.

vo: All India Radio News N-o-p[ Eo - L-. immediate measures are being taken up to provide drink- E Jh (said 'are
]), p[
ing water to the residents of Kurnool. being taken up' d.
C u-j -- Ba--. Direct speech inverted
1. The Nationalist Congress party headed by Mr. Sarad ---N-News reader ]--o - N
Indirect Speech. commas - verbs- say, tell,
Pawar complained that the congress is not consulting its J-T---. d C
is not consulting was not consult- ask, question E Reporting
constituent parties on important issues. ] u ]
ing will not support would not verbs . Inverted commas
2. The BJP president Mr. Venkaiah Naidu has said that BJP E, u ]
support measures are being taken up verbs Reported verbs .
will not support Congress at the centre. E, u
measure were being taken up Reporting verbs present tense
3. However, Miss Umabharati contradicted the rumour that ] E L .
News reader Indirect Indirect speech Reported
Ja--p[,
she is disobeying the party rules. ] ]--]? v h-x
Speech present continuous past verbs tense a--[].
4. The PM Vajpayee said only NDA can provide stability to E- v
continuous will + present verb would + present verb a) "They play well," says Ram to Rahim.
the country. ,
5. The TDP supremo Chandrababu Naidu said that only aL ! F News ] Ja ]-- n \[ Quotations o reporting
secular parties will play a major role in the elections. ]. ]- -- Ba--. verb 'says' present tense.
d
6. The Municipal Commissioner Mr. Raghu Rami reddy said -, v (x-Co) Quotations o reported verb
'play' tense a--[]. DE Indirect
speech-
: O sentences ]-C d- n hC. x O 'is disobeying' correct.
Ram says to (tells) Rahim that they play
'...complained that... is not consulting' Sentence No (2) d. \[ Sentence 4: '... only NDA could' E well.
reporting verb, 'has said' present perfect L. \[ '... only NDA can' p.
d ]. O #a j-. -- "They play well," said Ram to
\[ 'is' ], 'was' L. tense will
d, d. '...Naidu said' Sentence 5: '... Naidu said that only sec-
Rahim o sentence Reporting verb
complain --p y E v-Gh p['would' correct. ular parties will play' 'Would play'
p. 'said' past tense. p[ quotations
consult ---[ - Sentence No. 3: '... contradicted... dis- correct.
obeying'd ]. 'was obeying' E Sentence 6: '... Reddy said, ... are being
o play reported verb past tense
p[ a. _- p-E--J aL. DE Indirect
'complained' ] 'has com- L. Uma Bharathi has con- taken up' J-]. 'were being taken up'
speech-
plained' E h, 'is not consulting' - tradicted
E present perfect tense correct. \[ '...Reddy has said'
Ram told Rahim that they played well.
I [- E 16 Vj 2005

Mohan: Hi, Manoj, How are you getting Regular Doing words (1st RDWs- go, walk
along? verbs), 2nd Regular Doing Words (2nd
( , o?) RDWs- goes, walks verbs)
v p-
practice
C --J. [ J [. am+ing/ is+ing/
O --x are+ing p[ --o - [.
Manoj: Fine. Thank you. How are you? a) I take coffee (take 1st RDW).
( o. y o?) Regular-
( B-- vA-V
Mohan: Ok too. I am going to a movie. Why C -)
don't you come along? b) I am taking coffee.
( E-o. y (am + ing - p[ coffee B--
a !) o.)
Manoj: Like to. But I am going for a walk now. c) She goes to college at 10 AM.
(goes- 2nd RDW-
u
] 10 -
-- C W) magazine [) ]---o.
d) She is going to college. c) y-] j waste h? p--] Eo verbs am + ing/ is + ing/ are + ing
(is going - is ing - + p[ -- h-o? [. am + ing/ are + ing/ is + ing -
-C.) d) vA V j y \----? verb op[ p[ --o
e) They come here on sundays. \ --o? - [. Eo verbs N-
(come - 1st RDW C vA C- e) u ]--? p[ u verbs p-E p[ --o E
Regular J-C C-- x \- ]---o? am + ing/ is + ing/ are + ing forms [.
h.) f) - vA B A ? V ] ] Regular Doing Words (love,
f) They are coming. o (rice) A-o? loves, etc.) form .
(are + ing - x p[ h-o.) g) [ C-- vqE --[. V am + ing/ is + ing/ are + ing from [E
English u. Regular ----o[.

p o...
actions am + ing, is + ing, are + ing verbs
h) p[ [-C. p[ verbs - -C-# N--
(present continuous tense) p[ . h v D [-C. L verbs-
C p. i) [. p[ --o[ 1) like(d--[[) -am liking, is liking, are lik-
h---L. ('take' [). ing [. N -Lq-- like, likes
Regular actions Regular Doing Words j) - x-[[. p[ [.
(come, comes, take, takes N) h. x-[--o[. Kumar likes that shirt very much .
coffee
E-p[ B---o \[ Answers: d--[[ pj Kumar is liking that
-[] d. a) He comes punctually (always/usually). He shirt .
a) Mr. Sen teaches English. 2) dislike (d----[)
is coming late only today.
English
(--p[ C-h[. They dislike his class.
b) They usually read India Today, but now
English lecturer/teacher
I am taking Coffee -
they are reading some
x x p[ d -
--L/--ya)
other magazine.
. are disliking, is disliking, am
disliking o forms . N-p. ]
This is the time when I go for walk c) Why do you waste
dislike, dislikes E .
every day. time? Why are you N Eo verbs, (am + ing, is + ing,
x 18
(- C. F p[ - wasting time? are + ing) [EN.
-o. W j - d) Where do you go at 3) love - love, loves, (am/ is/ are loving
) this time every day? ])
Mohan: Do you walk everyday along this b) Mr. Sen is teaching English Where are you going? 4) hate - hate, hates (am/ is/ are hating
road? English
M. SURESAN
( p[ --o[.) e) What news paper do ])
(V - h?) English u. you read? What news paper are you read- 5) hope - hope, hopes (am/ is/ are hoping
Manoj: No. Usually I walk along the college c) Dogs bark.
ing? ])
road, but now I am walking along (\ p[ -- C 6) want - want, wants (am/ is/ are wanting
f) You usually take chapathis at night. Why
this road because that road is under j.) are you taking rice (now)? ])
repair. d) Dogs are barking. 7) wish - wish, wishes (am/ is/ are wishing
g) He does not meet his friends on sundays,
(]. -- - (\ p[ ---o h-x, ])
but he is meeting them today.
-. -t- #a L) 8) desire - desire, desires (am/ is/ are desir-
C u- English G_- prac- h) She always sings Telugu songs, but she is
h-o.) ing ])
Mohan: So long ( bye O\ tice . now singing a Hindi song.
9) envy - envy, envies(am/ is/ are envying
) see you. (Sx --) a) p[ punctual h[. V i) He doesn't take (does not take) coffee. He ])
Manoj: Bye (j) v h -u h-o[. is taking it now. 10) feel (Eo ]-sx) feel, feels, (am/ is/
-- am going, go; walk, am b) - x -- ]--. j) He doesn't (does not) usually talk to her, are feeling]).
walking -E-. 1st V v u-@ (some other but he is talking to her.

vo: Eo #a [-] --E He when I ask him E p-a? AE -a. had : 'since' 'as' ] [-a.
She had not come
was not come yesterday -a? [-]. #a [-] ( had + pp forms - [ because [-a.
eaten, had come
Rx--p[ ]l - --p[). p[ ]-sEo vh -E-L. - ]-s ]-x/ --]-
--E Tx- He was not at E Jh [-] ( When I went for him, he was not at E n.
home, when I went for him E Rx--p[). home- d. He was not complet- vo: How long- -, How far-
. -T--p[ [ - Tx- ed the work o sentence d ]. ] uh
EE Jh [-] E p--E pL. E n ]. He had not completed o [ n a-
He was not completed the work yet . --, o
L. She had not completed L?
L. y ux DE J# J : -- v vx
: He was not come yesterday -d come L. N- C. t--- o-[?
'be' forms (am, is ,
]. Tx p[ AE [-], #a [] vo: Leave letter --p[ As I am . --yN, x-[
are , was, were, etc.) come, suffering from fever u as
: vo j u
y ( --p[).
go,1st Regular Doing Words . \[ --p[ When I looked ] since [-a? o o vo j English
dHe was not come He did not
p. for him/her - She had not eaten;
O-], -[, - ].
I [- 18 Vj 2005

Durga: Look at Leela's dress. Isn't it (= Is it sx feel, (feel --AE, pz

not) really wonderful? L----p[) prefer -
(M v [, C !) Op[ am + ing, is + ing, are + ing
Valli: Ok I like it really. In fact, I wish now to [ N #a h--d--L.
buy one such dress for myself. a) E vN-hC.
( #aC. p She loves him.
v E C.) (She is loving him ]. vN-[ p[
Durga: Renuka too likes it. I desire one like --o .)
that too. I feel like buying it, but I b) x ---E P-h-o.
haven't (= do not have) the money. They hope to pass.
( v d--[- (They are hoping to pass ]. x
C. -E C. p - P[ p )
-EhC. F [s ].) feel j list N verbs rule.
like +...ing = j --E--[. Actions of the mind (---, Cl - a. Am/ is/ are + knowing [. sale = t
feel like going to bed = Ev] E- C-# u) L verbs am + am/ is/ are understanding p[ ]. bargain = , [
hC) ing, is + ing, are + ing form ]. N N-- N-. (A good bargain, a bad bargain best bargain
Valli: I really envy Leela for the dress. 1) know = L-[ am + ing, is + ing, are + ing forms [E etc.)
( M v {u C. 2) understand = n --[ J-Eo verbs o. N -- ], good/ bad at bargaining =
Envy = {u/-{u [[) 3) remember = c -[ C u- English G_- practice [/ --[
4) forget = -#--[ bargain- pronunciation )
-- like, wish, desire, have, .
envy, feel - verbs Fo p[ --o 5) decide = Eg--[ 1. Eo \ n --o[.
N -o. p[ J N-- 6) doubt = --[ 2. J# [ ---o[? (think
L verbs p[ am + ing, is + ing, 7) think = -#-[ [)
3. y d- d[-o?

Eox ]!!
are + ing form (present continuous) - 8) suppose = --[
E --o. --p- j -E 9) believe = t[ 4. h [ ]. (remem-

ing
verbs- like, wish N -, 10) imagine = -[ (--
am/ is/ are ber) [.
-C-# verbs Eo d,
5. Eo N Jao?
])
verbs am + ing/ is + ing/ are + ing verbs Fo am + ing, is + ing, are
+ ing form (why v-G-)
[. ]-sx Regular Doing
6. -E y ] --E-h-o?
[.
Words (like, likes, wish, wishes, desire,
7. \[ ]--E[ ]. (feel like
x l ---o.
desires, envy, envies) [. They understand my words. (They are under-
standing my words = E--[)
verbs
8. [ o J n -[ ].
J-Eo ])
dislike, love, hate, hope, want, appreciate am/ is/ are understanding
9. p[ xE --?
].
admire
(J{-[), (a[) Eo ]- - hC.
He still remembers my name. (He is still (think [).
remembering my name 10. --]-J- pE ---o?
(suppose --T-.)
11. F v-h - a[ ]. (dislike
)
j list o
N verbs am [.)
+ ing, is + ing, are + ing 12. y t[ ? (believe/
form doubt) [)
13. y o ]d-[--o?
[.
vo: Simple present tense
a) Qo --h-
noun \ (prefer [)
14. F F JnA L[ ] (know --
o?
verb s L . DEo English
: Rama sells mangoes. M. SURESAN T-.)
15. - -J--x y-h-o?
? \[
God bless you , God blesses 'doubt' L . am doubting/ is
you L ! doubting/ are doubting 'doubt' Answers:
--,
.
question do
[y-, N--[ 1. He understands the lesson well.
L. L. d
sentence- 2. What does he think of himself? ( is think-
: simple present verb 's' aL. ing ] !)
d. "God bless you" sentence 3. Do you like (are you liking the coffee
)
statement ]. C 'May God bless you' in this restaurant?
D. DN---p[ 'May God bless you'
'May' C- 'God bless you' . x 19 4. I don't (= do not) remember (am not +
remembering his name.
p) Look at Leela's dress.
]-x \[ 'blesses' ]. 5. Why do you forget (are you forgetting ]) Isn't it really wonderful?
vo: Not bad very good E C. Do you doubt my character ?
(Are you doubting my character
things like this?
purchase = [
O not bad --] E ].) 6. Why do you doubt him?
b) O D ? 7. I do not feel like studying here.
( n purchase [ o 'buy' [
. - C d. Do you know Hindi? (Are you knowing - C).
.., T-u 8. He does not understand me properly.
9. Does she think of going home now?
purchase = o h
: 'Not bad' -] E n
].)
c) My important purchase this week is the TV.
[ on -[ ]. 10. Does he suppose that he is the greatest
]. Very good . He is not understanding me TV)
( o u-i h
-[]. of all?
vo: The E a-J-L. C ] am/ is/ are + understanding
]- 11. He doesn't (= does not) like your behav-
return = o h AJT y[
exchange =
E --. C --[? English He does
] d. -? iour.
o h a-[
replace =
.N. , -, Jq not understand (= understand + not) me. 12. Don't you (Do you not/ Do not you)
o h- E
d)
: ] DE J# W 16
y-----o? believe my words/ Do you doubt my
] x -
What do you think? words?
y[
v-J-# NJ. , , , (What are you thinking refund = x [s y[
.) 13. Why do you prefer coffee to tea? (prefer
durable = (h-) Eo o, Eo--
u N
, , , , , , , , y 'to' hC).
l v u English allow a discount = T_# t[;
14. You do not know your position.
] 'the' E C -. N verbs liking, loving, expensive = Kj
j p N- 15. Do Iraquis hate Americans?
] ] . thinking, understanding etc. 'ing' forms cheap =
The (C) apple, ant, egg, air, owl, umbrel-
VOCABULARY moderate (price) = --i (])
-C-# :
]-sEo d [-a.
cost = K], K-]-[
la etc.
The (]) tree, book, shop, college etc. [--[-EC: 'ing' forms ], am, is, Shopping

are a[. knowing - ]-sEo d [- buy, sell L- .

I [- ] 20 Vj 2005

Ravi: Hi Pavan, what do I see in that glass belongs, comprises, needs, seems, consists
there? It appears to be some juice. of, live - OE- ]
( x E-h-o--N? verbs am + ing/ is + ing/ are + ing

Wu C.) form [ (N L- ---
Pavan: Yea. The glass contains fresh lemon oC pj). j - -J v]l
juice. practice .
( ] Et- C.)
contain = x j [[
--o?
the jug contains milk = o - -C-# N-- L-
Ravi: A new bike is parked outside. Whose verbs (verbs expressing feelings and
is it? emotions).
( h j \ C. Cl, --- -C-# N-
-J-]C?) L verbs (verbs expressing actions of
Pavan: It belongs to Mahesh. He bought it the mind) p[ am + ing, is + ing, are + [-- verbs, am + ing/ is + Answers:
the day before. ing forms . E -Lq-- ing/ are + ing [-EN . J-Eo 1) Every one likes that movie (is liking ]).
verbs o. N- --- ] 2) He does not like these classes (is not lik-
(C -C. Eo--o[.) p[, Regular Doing Words (like, likes,
Belong = ][ C sentences english G_- practice ing
think, thinks) form [.
]).
3) Does she love him?
The house belongs to my uncle. [ verbs j p verbs .
(appear, belong, comprise, consist of, 1) vA-x E- d--[--o. I don't (do not) know that. But he loves
2) x d [-[-] (dis-
x -uC (- CC).
her.
Ravi: What's that fat book on the table? contain, live, need, seem) am + ing/

like [). Does she know that?
is + ing/ are + ing form
3) E vN-h?
( O] o ]l h . Who knows?
N?) Lq #a--p[ Regular Doing Words
4) What do you say?/ What are you saying?

... !
[. C sentences C L[ ]. [ v
Why don't you (do you not) understand
[Eo -E-. 'not' question
F, vN-h-o[.
me?
F do, does h-E ? N ?

I understand you well. Do I appear (to be)

1) -J ?
4) -o y?
[ # E-h-o[. a fool to you?'
He appears (is appearing ]) to be a
You don't (do not) seem to understand my
good fellow. y o-] n -[ ]?
point.
2) GLfq x-N- (= x C-N Eo n -o. Why do you think so?
). F - E-h- I feel so.
These buildings do not belong to them o? (appear
You misunderstand me. I am listening to
(are not belonging to them ]). [). you carefully. Do you doubt my respect for
3) x C? y n you?
By the way, where does Ganesh live? What does the glass contain? (What is --ox E- 5) Where do they live?
the glass containing ?) [ ] (seem They live near the townhall.
Pavan: It contains a lot of information about 4) [). Don't they (do they not) live near your
-- -C?
the latest versions in computers. It ]----- place?
comprises ten chapters. o? (think...so M. SURESAN They moved long ago.
(u--q -C-# {x [. so= ) Do they own the house?/ Does the house
E-hC (feel [)
x 20
belong to them?
u-]-E - ] C.
] C u- o.) y o n --o. F (am/ is/ are owning ]).
comprises = include = J [[ v]l N-o (n= 6) I want/ need some money.
Ravi: Coming to the bike, does Mahesh misunderstand). F O] -Eo -
How much do you need?
really need a bike now? He does not What does a ball pen consist of? (What is h-o? (doubt....my respect for you I need at at least a thousand rupees.
go about much. a ball pen consisting of [).
5) x \[--o? (live [). Why do you need such a big amount/ so
).
( j N--E-l. ---p[ j 5) N- u--o. much/ such a big sum/ that kind of
E --? \ A--[- The committee comprises four mem- x ]_ (live [). money?
?) bers/Four members comprise the commit- x O ]_ [-[-? Do you want to give or not?
Pavan: Yes, he needs it very much now. He tee. (The committee is comprising...; Four x-p \- J-- (p= I don't want to give/ feel like giving such a
has a new job. Marketing. He has to members are comprising... long ago, x [= move).
. -- big amount.
move about a lot. ?) p-[o x x-? ( ? 7) When did you buy the book?
6) \[ [? (E--h[ nown/ belong [). No, I didn't (did not) buy it. I borrowed it
6) [s--L (need/want [).
(p[ - j -.
\-- h u #aC. n). from Mahesh yesterday.
A-Lq C.) Where does he live? (Where is he living L? (How much v-G- Are you reading it (now)?
Ravi: The bike seems very stylish, doesn't ]). ). Why are you asking that question?
it? 7) Rxp[ \[ -o (E--h-o). F u - L. (Jh u I want to read it.
( j -{-- C !) They live here (They are living here ]). p). But I don't want to give/ lend it to you.
Pavan: It comes with a package. The pack- 8) Rx-p[ \[ [-[-]. -] L F? Why do you feel so/ think so?
age consists of a CD Player and a They do not live here any more (They are F-y-E , ? (want [). Because you don't give books to me.
set of CDs. not living ). ]l-h -y-E ]. ( ]l
( j u hC. 9) p[ F -. h such a big amount/ sum/ that kind
I need your help now (am needing of money).
7) h p[ o?
] x, Eo ]).
.) 10) x-p[ C - ].
consists of = L-T--[[ They do not need it now (They are not -]. Eo ]_ # a-
The fan consists of three blades and a motor. needing ]). o (h, [s, -J ]_ a-
(u [ x, .) 11) C p[ ] -? borrow from).
Ravi: By the way, where does Ganesh live? Why does she need it now? (Why is she Ny-p[ Eo ]---o? vo: -- He wants to talk you,
(J \[ [?) needing it ]). ] [o vo? Sir. E C-. F He wants to
(By the way - topic a--E 12) [ ]t-_- E-h-o[. talk to you, Sir E L !
]------o.
-- [. - J, E
-- topic a] N].)
He seems (is seeming ]) to be a bad
fellow.
F F y-[ ] (hEo t , N--o
Pavan: He lives quite nearby. 13) [ x -h [. y[= lend). : 'talk' y 'to' F 'with' F p
(\- ]_-x [.) He does not seem to be interested in it (is
] ---o? L. 'talk you, Sir' p. talk to you, Sir
-- verbs- see, appears, contains, not seeming ]). y h -y d. d.
I [- v 22 Vj 2005

C. n am seeing/ is seeing/ are 9) - Eo N (strange) ]'u E-

seeing [[ d. h-o. Eo N l NE-h-o.
-[ p[ ---o-x- 10) - Eo N ]'u E-[
She is seeing the CM today. ], Eo N l NE-[ ]?
-E ---C. Answers:
I am not seeing the Governor today.
I really don't see how he is able to stand still for so long? ( V -o- -[ ].) 1) Look at those two pictures. Do you see
any difference (between the two) (Are you
Am hearing/ is hearing/ are hearing ] .
seeing ?).
Sudha: What are you looking at so 'see' ] 'look' am + ing/ is + ing/ 2) Look there! Don't (= do not) you see a
?
steadily? Do not see/ does not see; do not hear/ does are + ing form -x,
deer?
(N, - h-o?) not hear, do not observe/ does not observe am hearing/ is hearing/
Madhuri: I see an interesting sight over are hearing ],am
> E-h?
Do you see a deer?
-o. d n --LqC
there. p am/ is/ are + ing listening to/ is listening to/
are listening to
> -[[ ?
(\ -h---i ]'u E-hC.) forms [E verbs , see, hear, [-a. Don't (Do not) you see a deer?
Sudha: What is it you see there? I do not observe verbs am/ is/ are + see , look at Are you not seeing? Don't you
],
see any thing. Saritha, do you see ing forms --T. -Lq--p[ ox, hear listen to
see?
any thing? see, sees, hear, hears, observe, observes n C. 3) What do you see there?
not question do/ does see, 'hear' N--
( E-h-]-\[? E- E, M. SURESAN (What are you seeing ])
[ ]. J, F-i E- do/ does hear, do/ does observe C. You are looking so much at the tree.
E [.
h?) a) I see a picture on the wall. 'listen to' (vo) N[.
4) Don't look now. I see someone coming for
Saritha: No. Nothing unusual. Listen carefully. You hear footsteps.
you.
[ OC t E-hC.
(]. C.) b) She sees what he is doing. v-h N. [- p[ NE-hC 5) Whom do I see there?
unusual = EC, h N (F). (Whom am I seeing?
[ h-oC E-hC. ])
Sudha: Do you hear Madhuri? Saritha c) They are standing on the balcony. They x h? Isn't (is it not) Michael Jackson?
sees nothing unusual. Come on, see the Sunrise. Do we hear the teacher or Do we listen to the
(Michael Jackson It is Michael

E-N... vAo# N...

What attracts you there? teacher? O # students
=
Jackson)
x \-F E-f. u-] x
(]K NE-#? J- p[ listen to the teacher. ( 6) We hear some sweet music from some
E-hC.
hO E-[ ]. \[ am seeing/ is seeing/ are seeing ], pC x v]l dN).
-J{-#C Eo.)
Madhuri: Don't you observe that man there?
All made up like Gandhi, and
standing still like a statue?
(\[ E-E -E-[
y? D -E, Nv-
- E o[.)
Made up = x --[
where.
still = E am looking at/ is looking at/ are looking at C u [ 7) He never listens to good advice. He does-
Sudha and Saritha: Yes, We see now see look at
[-a. F n a) As we walk along the road, we hear the n't (does not) like advice.
Saritha. I really don't see how he is able to C. noise of the traffic. never= o- ]/-].
stand still for so long? see = E-[ [f O] [-h-o-p[ v NE- Advice plural
singular.
]. p[
(- ]-L E- look at = (vo ) [[ hC. Advice ] a/an [.
[-o n C.) I see the picture on the wall. b) We switch on the CD player/ the two-in- 8) Hello! I hear some noises over the phone.
See = understand. [ O] t E-hC. one to listen to music. Do you hear me What I say ? I don't (do
p-[-p[, -o ]o G "I see" I am looking at the picture on the wall. ( U N-E x/ -- not)/am not able to hear what you say.
. n l---C E. [ O] t h-o. h) 9) We see some strange sights and we hear
Sudha: But don't you hear some thing too? Look at the sky, you see the stars. c) pC F NE-h? some strange sounds.
(O O NE-[ ?) Do you hear me? 10) Don't (do not) we see some strange
Madhuri & Saritha: What is it?
pC y N-o? sights and hear some strange sounds?
(N C?) Are you listening?
Sudha: The gibber of the monkey there It's
x
. C E English G_- practice
performing to the boy's commands. 21 .
( s -ho A --
NE--[ ?) 1) [ t [. i E-
gibber - pronunciation : >
h?
performing = [, v]-Jz-[ (see).
(look).
j [ -v E-h 2) \[ [. > E-[ ]?
(deer - >)
Madhuri and Saritha: What's new about it?
(t ] N?)
When you look up, you see the blue sky.
3) \[ F E-hC? d j
vo: Housewife ]
j h F- E-hC.
-- see, hear, observe [ - h-o.
E-. \[ see, hear, observe verb
[ h-o[.
He is looking at her.
4) p [. F [ E- Homemaker E
[-a? My mother is housewife
hC ( h-o).
(He is seeing her
5) -\[ E-hC? (whom...see [ My mother is homemaker
p[ E-[, p[ NE-[, p[ ?)
-E-[ n- --p- am/ is/ Eo -E-hC. -C ?
are seeing; am/ is/ are hearing, am/ is/ are
. 'g-, N, X--->x
[). iq ] ?
observing am/ is/ are seeing,
The teacher is watching you.
(am/ is/ are observing
6) \ ]--i U NE-hC
: 'Housewife' ----
[ ]. d.)
am/ is/ are hearing, am/ is/ are observing (we v-G#, some where [).
7) -p[ # - N[. d
'see'
, [ --E [-. 'See if
] see, hear, observe -o any one is there?' see
d , look C. Homemaker C [--
].
8) , x l NE-h-o.
]J, ], J. p[ E-[ C. hC. p--p [--
]/ p[ NE-[ ]/ p[ -E-
[ ] -] am not/ is not/ are not C u! pC F NE-h? y pC
h-o- (u -J-)
Houseworker. C a---a
seeing/ hearing/ observing E [ ] see -[ (meet) n NE-[ ]. F x o \ --T-h-o.
I [- C 24 Vj 2005

Lakshmi: Hi, Ajitha, how are you? Lakshmi: Don't worry. It is only an ant.
( >, o?) (--[... C <!)
Ajitha: Fine, thank you. How are you? -- smell, taste, feel- verbs [
(o, y o?) -E-. see, hear, smell, taste, feel -
Lakshmi: OK. thank you. Do I smell some- Fo u-vC-- -C-#N. Hear
thing sweet? and see- [ verbs am + ing/ is + ing/
( o, - h- are + ing forms [. Eo ]-
oxC ]?) sx smell, taste, feel am + ing/ are +
Ajitha: That's right. You smell the jasmine ing form [.
spray I use.
(E! t vp

Eox Eo !
C.)
Lakshmi: Well, why have you brought me
here?
(\- o-] B--a?)
Ajitha: The coffee here tastes fine and
fresh.

a) smell h ho b) 'taste' N . h ( h v- N E-
n --p[ am smelling/ is N]-i #E hC n hC.)
smelling/ are smelling form [. taste, tastes . am tasting/ is iii) They feel quite at home in the new place.
The rose smells sweet. tasting/are tasting E . (They are feeling ])
(G - hC.) Biriyani serves here ( h v x O h E-
The rose is smelling sweet . tastes fine. [ ].)
jo p[ ho (\[ GuF # #- How are you feeling? C [-
N p- am smelling/ is smelling/ E-hC The biriyani is C o? n.
are smelling [. tasting fine ].) uvC N- -E--Lq
- -jo #- u-
-h-o-p[ am tast- i) am seeing/ is seeing/ are seeing [ (E-
ing, is tasting, are tast-
ing M. SURESAN -[ n)
x 22
d. am hearing/ is hearing/ are hearing ].
I am tasting the biriyani.
( GuFE # h-o.) N- am/ is/ are looking/ lis-
tening [.
She is smelling the flower in her hand. \[ am tasting d. ii) h ho is smelling/
Well, why have you brought me here? She is tasting the dish to see how good it is.
( A-E y hC.) are smeling ]. smell/ smells v.
C \[ d. d h ( ----E Eo h-o-p-j am smelling/ is
(\[ -C.) hC n is smelling/ are # hC). smelling/ are smelling correct.
Lakshmi: O, thank you (After a sip) I am c) 'feel' N . -A,
smelling ]. iii) h a # taste/ tastes
tasting real good coffee for the first j L-T--p[ feel/ feels v.
The spray smells fine. .is/ are tasting .
time in weeks. (( T) spray am feeling/ is feeling/ are feeling .
# hC n iv) 'feel' N- -, -A n
Eo y ]J The spray is smelling fine i) I feel the cold wind blowing on my face.
. ]. feel/ feels
am/ is/ are feeling
d.
# # h-o.) They are smelling the spray. ( OtC Oho xE LE --N- ].
Ajitha: Wait a minute. I feel some thing h-o.)
creeping up my arm. ([.
x vp h-o.
ii) She feels (is feeling ]) strange in this
N [[ n am/ is/ are
C d ]- [[ feeling [-a.
A O] -od E-hC.) d. new place.

vo: Give y[. Given y-- Past participles ] had given, have/ Fo be- forms.) h p[ v --C, preference 'more'
C.
[[. I have given a E has/ had h NN] ]-sx a, a, y--f[, etc. passive voice forms h. 'Suffering from' correct , English
n ( y--f E). F - a, a[, a n -- passive voice ]. [- a--[]. . -
x - J# p--p[ 'He has hC.have/has+ participle- J-T E He is seen here every day. J O] hC. English angry with
given' E a[ n j J-TC L---- hC. vA-V \[ [--[-[. (a person) . - N-x [-
[--o. C p ? y- I have given the book. He is given salary on the first of every month. d L. C \ English C-N
vA ] D @ y--[-[. hC.
vo: I am going to go I am going
-f[ E n?
-'g, j]-- He has given a lecture.

: English , o x,
-u a[. N?
`given' past participles con-
He is given Rs. 10000 every month. vA
--E, N--[
: 'I am going to go' x---o
. 10000 y--[-[ (- h).
fusing . `Given' C past partici- They are given. x y--[-.
ple. n y-- E. (y--[[ Children are given milk everyday. W x E, 'I am going' -o E.
]) L-y--[-. j E-----o-p[ going to do/ sing/
a) The book given to him.
- y-- h. vo: I give more prefer coffee than tea L. teach etc. [.
vo: 1. B---L/ B---
b) The man seen near the school.
F I give more prefer coffee to tea E o
seen past participle
(\[ school
n ]_ h a.
] ?
I am suffering from fever
2. v Ky h-
Past participle
[-- uh E. n ... (past- p[, V, j #aC p[ -L ( -L/
E --Jh C.) ]? I am suffering with fever - ).
] y[ v J-TC.) -[?
c) The book torn by the child. I, we you, they - have given.
, 'g, o-
u- Tx- pL.
he, she, it - has given. . ], -f
: I give more prefer coffee... sen-
( G[f #-- h)
d) The movie released yesterday. He has given.
tence J-].
:
(Eo N[-] -- E) a[ (y[ --C past, j 1. I should/ have to get/ have myself pho-
- . I prefer coffee to tea L I give prefer-
L--[ ]). tographed./ I got/ had myself photographed.
a) E #a h. 'given' past participles ] 'be' forms- ence to coffee over tea L.
b) school ]_ / E-# uh. (am, is, are, was, were, shall be, will be, have 1) prefer y p[ 'to' hC. 'than' ]. 2. I have to get the entry made/ recorded in my
service register (I got the entry made/
c) G[f # h. been, has been # be, been verbs
a 2) 'more preference' [ ]. ]- recorded in my service register).
d) Eo N[-] E .
I [- 26 Vj 2005

Raghu: Hi Pavan, you look dull. What's the I have (am having ]) a lot of work.
matter? b) - \[ ] 8 # v
( , [ o?) 6 [u C.
Pavan: I have a headache. I don't have (do Kumar has (is having ]) duty here from
not have) at home the tablets I usual- 8 AM - 6 PM.
ly take. 4. , -- p-p[ am/ is/
(--p C. - are having ].
- v x .) a) - [i v.
Raghu: Sorry to know that. Do you have that She has (is having ]) deep love for
novel with you? I mean the novel you him.
bought last week. b) d -- C.
( I have (am having ]) the hope I will A: o. ]?
K, ]-- y o F b) My friend is having a son and a daughter.
be selected.
LE: x -- yu
]_-?) ( v [, JE
Pavan: Sorry. I don't have it. Prakash took it 5.
from me yesterday. He has it now.
o tx E L---- A-o-[? C ] ? My friend C. J-y- d/-u
p[ am/ is/ are having ]. have/ has has a son and a daughter.)
( K, C ]_ ]. v Eo C.
v hC. c) Saritha is having a wonderful pair of ear Answers:
B--o[. C ]_ C.) a) --p C. rings. 1. I also have that book. Have you?/Do you
Raghu: I have no work today. So I want to I have a headache (am having ].) ( J ]-i N -- have it.
spend time reading the book. b) x. A-]? ] d She has a won- 2. Have you/Do you have any class now.
( E-]. h ]- She has jaundice (is having ]). derful pair of ear rings.) 3. Why are you having coffee now? You usu-
-l ---o.) c) -E C. C u- practice . (Eo- ally have tea.
Pavan: Go ahead. My brother has another He has (is having ]) a bad cold. have- correct form [). 4. (Over phone) Is it you? I am having lunch.
book with him. Take it. am having/ is having/ are having 1) ]_ h C. F ]_-? Please wait.
( E. v] ]_ []-T ]-s u 2) F pi x ?

\-E A-o
I want Mahesh's phone no. Do you have it?
h C. C B.) A[, [ N
I don't (do not) have it. Ramesh has it.
I don't (do not) have Ramesh's phone
number either.
(not o sentence
'also'
]. ]-E
'either.')
5. Isn't that sari nice/beautiful?
Then have it.
Raghu: Where is he? 1) E-p[ B--o (-- 3) ] B--o. -
I do not (don't) have/I
haven't (have not)
( \[?) o). y - ? the money now.
I am having coffee. 4) (x) y? B--o!
Pavan: He is having breakfast. Wait for a few 2) Rx-p[ h-o. h --
I have the money but
I don't (do not) like
minutes. They are having meals now.
3) T- --o[. that sari.
([ v-d ho[. ) L. F ]_
? 6. What do you have for
Raghu: Aren't (Are you not) having any? He is having a smoke. ]_ ]. ]_ C. breakfast usually.
(y O A?) (He is smoking ]) ]_ ]. I have mostly idles.
Pavan: I don't feel like, with this head ache.
( -p x A-E ])
am having/ is having/ are having- `bath' 5) < C ? Why are you having M. SURESAN
[-a. B\ dosa now?
This restaurant doesn't (does not) have a
-- -E---N? Eo- ]_ p[ [s-].
x p[ J E-j have/ has [[, ]_ [s C F, < a- good name for idles. It has a good name
Eo-x am having/ is having/ are having ]. for dosas.
[[. 'am + ing/ is + ing/ are + ing' form 6) - ]l v-d I don't have (do not have)/ haven't (have
[E verbs have C. am B-? not) much knowledge of the restaurants
having/ is having/ are having form Eo ]-
here.
You are having a dosa now. How is it?
sx n-Eo-d [.
1. have/ has o u-i n LT
7. Ramu: How is that pup there?
Raghu: I have a pup at home. That's big-
[[.
I, we, you, they have.
He, she, it 'has'.
x 23 ger than this.
Ramu: Has it/Does it have a name?
I have a scooter.
Raghu: Yes. It has a beautiful name.
Ruby. Have you/Do you have any
\ C. \- x B
She has a lot of jewellry. J p--] A-o? pets at home?
Ramu: No.
o. d- x -[.
My friends (they) have bikes. -. 8. Suneel: Hasn't (has not) this building/
Doesn't (does not) this building
vq jq o. \ d-q J# L-
LT [[ n am having/ is hav- ]. have a beautiful/ grand appear-
ing/ are having . p[ y A-o . ance.
a) x ]i xC. C? Sukumar: I don't have/I haven't any doubt
They have a beautiful house. 7) : \[o \-x C? about it.
(They are having a beautiful house (\-x= Pup) Suneel: It has a beautiful portico, a bal-
])
b) This coffee has a fine taste. : x \-x C. C DE- cony, big windows and a
(is having
large/spacious hall.
# # C. ]) o ]lC.
c) - [-p- [x-o. She has a lot of jewellry : E ? Sukumar: If I have the money, I wish to buy
This city has wide roads. : E ]-i C. H. y this house.
(This city is having... a) o o h-o. h 9) Shalini: Where is Suneeta?
]) x j --o?
2. -, - o p-- . : ]. Santhi: She is having a bath.
p[ am/ is/ are having Have/ has
]. My father is having a bath. Please wait. 8) F: --E ]-i Shalini: Has Suneeta/ Does Suneeta
b) hC. appearance C ? have any friends in railway book-
v hC.
a) She has patience. She is having a shower. -: N ing?
( is having -E-am/ is/ are having from u Santhi: She has, but why?
p C.) ]. ].
b) The wife and husband have (are hav- A[, [ n- J-N. ]-E F: E ]-i Jd, \F, Shalini: I have an interview in Bangalore
ing a good understanding for am having/ is having/ are having N ]-
the day after tomorrow. I am hav-
]) ]l -, ]l o.
each other. sx N-K-n hC. eg: -: ]_ [s , x -E ing a problem/difficulty about
a) I am having a scooter. C. (have, wish [). reservation.
( u--h ]u # --
C.) ( sentence v a n, 9) LE: F \[? problem, difficulty am
A: o hC
- -
3. -o E J# p-] am/ is/ are \-E A-o E . -h having/is having/ are having
having [. --- ], d \[ p- LE: F- jy - vq - [a.
a) C. LqC I have a scooter.) j o?
I [- 28 Vj 2005

Krishna: Hi Nikhila, How are you? be forms Eo- # 'be' [ -E-

( E", o?) .
Nikhila: Fine, thank you, How go your stud- have been, has been, had been, shall have
ies? been, should have been, will have been,
(-o. y ]---o?) would have been, may have been, might
Krishna: Studying well. My brother was
have been, can have been, could have been,
come yesterday.
must have been, need have been, ought have
Nikhila: Was come? Look here, Krishna, we
been, dare have been
never use verb forms like was
come. That isn't English. be forms #---Eo- been [ -E-
(was come v Eo - .
-T. C Tx ].) jFo 'be' forms. O-Eo- n [[ can sing- verb - can + sing (1st RDW)
Krishna: x p-C? E -C# C. Ox Eo [ ( \[ Eo [f[).
Nikhila: O v] Eo a-[E y-- . j --EoF p--- Ox E \-j 1st RDW verb b) All kinds of books are sold here.
-C. (verb - passive
nEo d independent [-a. -E: 'shall, will, should, would, etc 'be'
o. \[ was come E verb \[ Eo h t-
He is here.
. C p. English verb -[-).

A J!
forms . shall, should, will, would, etc., c) The film will be released next week.
(verb- passive E a- N[-]
--[-C).
\ VI form of the verb v passive.
N forms Fo active voice. -
passive voice [ !
x t o [ .
d Rx h \[ t--[-
o. x They could be here yesterday itself.
\ 'be' o-p N 'be' forms o . spoken telugu passive voice [.
N h---L. English \
verb -, C She might be dangerous, etc.
V form (verb ) simple - C.
II form (verb )
English ].
( C -, was come, has going, conversational ease C.

}
have, has, had, shall have,
verbs d, E E [--o vo- 'be' form+ ...ing form verb, 'be' should have, will have,
English verb p[ j singu-
-Eo- lesson ----[-C. v-h lar forms L. -
j
form '...ing' form (going, coming, would have, can have, + past
]-, h--, practice , O O x-C sentence ]. x-
y j
singing, dancing etc., could have, may have, participle
-- [.)
-N) hC. p. p[ [
Kumar is writing. might have, must have, He was come.
Spoken English d-E--C, p verb: is (be form) + writing (ing form)] ought have, dare have \[ verb -yL?
D verb N--. She has been singing for the past one hour. need have was come - (was (be form) + come (1st
verb ? subject nAE verb- has been singing
\[ N be forms. Ox E \-j RDW)
has been ('be' form) + singing (ing)form 'been'o-p C 'be' form
-C. be form + 1st RDW-
verb sentences
j , 'be' form + ing form shall have been - C 'be' form. six forms of verb form
, ]. d
C . shall have -
C 'be' form
]. He was come- sentence ].
They could be going there. Past Participle (PP) ? was come = was (be
could be (be form) + going (ing form). (PP) form) + come (past par-
go went gone ticiple)
see saw seen be form + past participle
do did done C passive voice verb

x 24 like liked
talk talked
liked
talked
a
O a. \[
verb, V form have, has, had,
j -# u-i N come,
III form (verb ) shall have, should have, etc., go, walk, sit verbs M. SURESAN
\ past participle Jh combination- passive voice [].
Doing Words OE --E o verb -JE, EE E vo-- Answer
verb -C.
. eg: He has seen me. h passive C. Answer - pas-
1st Regular 2nd Regular Past verb: has seen - has + past participle (PP) sive [].
Doing word Doing word Doing Word She will have gone by then. They came yesterday.
come comes came verb: will have gone- will have + gone (PP) verb came.
\[ DE n a E. -
sing sings sang They should have done it. JE a? EE a? vo-
do does did should have done - should have + done (PP) 'Answer' ]. d O passive [].
talk talks talked N . He writes books 'writes' verb.
like
smell
likes
smells
liked
smelt
VI form (verb ) n h[ E. EE h[? h-
answer hC. DE passive p
Fine, thank you, How go your studies? h ! 'be' form + past participle
'be' form past participle
\ j
C. Books are written by him E pas-
sive p-a.
(state of being [[) F, subject Regular actions- v p- J - (PP)h C verb-C.
EE (action) F L--hC. I, we, you, they 1st Regular Doing
a) He was seen there yesterday.
Eg: He is here. word (1st RDW); He, She, It 2nd RDW
verb: was seen- was (be form) + seen
-E-\[ o[. [. Onot Questions
F, F (PP).
\[ verb 'is' [-Eo -C. 1st RDW 'do', 2nd RDW
'does'
b) The snake has been killed.
Sunitha works hard. [. N . Past verb: has been killed, has been (be form) +
Doing Word j J-T L- killed (PP).
vo: Were you there then yesterday?
F d E--hC.
\[ verb 'works' EE (action) -C - -actions Past
[. c) It can be done.
! Doing Word not
E F, Questions F verb: can be done- can be (be form) + done
Eo O p[ \[ o?
English verb #a-i did hC. C O . (PP)
-a?
) N. ---f, T]l-
o. h--. O O sentence d) He had been killed before he was thrown
IV form (verb on the railway track.
verb [- x (six
shall, will, should, would, verbs: had been killed - had been (be form) : -a.
}
forms) [-- O sen-
tence correct ]. [. can, could, may, might, + 1st RDW + killed (PP); vo: h--vA- -- E
was thrown- was (be form) + thrown (PP).
I form of the verb (verb ] )
must, need, ought, dare poet E -C-. poetess L
VI form of verb vu- C.
I shall go there tomorrow.
. -j-u, --
.
'be' forms verb form- 'be form + past participle'.
verb- shall go. verb PASSIVE VOICE
: English gender dif-
\[ DE
am, is, are, was, were, shall be, should be, shall + go (1st Regular Doing Word)
o p[
will be, would be, can be, could be, may be, C. verb- English passive voice

Srinu will help me. ference (L-]) -[ T_--C.
might be, must be, ought be, dare be, need verb: will help- will + help (1st RDW)
op[ - [ E n hC. poet v [[ -----C.
be a) He was seen here yesterday.
They can sing. p ] -o.
I [- E 30 Vj 2005

Sasank: Where is your brother, Radha? 4. (C)

(, O v] \[?) 5. (W) Correct form: The snake has
Radha: He coming slowly. I seen him a few been/had been/will have been (any
minutes ago. such 'be' form) + killed.
( E- h-o[. Cl EN- 6. (W) Correct form: The book is/ was/
] E ) has/ been (any be form) + stolen
Sasank: Look here, Radha. Your words, 'He 7. (W) Correct form: The class is/ was/ will
coming slowly', and 'I seen him a be going on.
few minutes ago' are not sentences
8. (W) Correct form: We have/ had/ will
because there are no verbs in them,
have etc. + known him
they don't have complete meaning.
9. (C) - Past Doing Word
(F x 'he coming slowly', 'I
10. (C) - has been + killed (PP) - Passive v--p- [-Eo F . L verbs - like, love etc.)
seen him a few minutes ago'
voice am- I ; he, she, it- is ; you, we, II) verbs expressing actions of the mind.
verbs
u . x .
verbs -d form --p sen- they- are h. ( Cl, -- -C-#
n Jh ] )
tences II) was, were [-Eo . verbs - know, understand etc.)
Radha: But 'coming' and 'seen' are verbs. -d-- .
III) shall be, will be N-u-h [Eo
Why to doubt that? ao-? III) certain other verbs like appear, belong
a) subject - sentence EE J# -
(coming, seen verbs ?, - . etc.
IV) have been (I, We, You, They), has
E?) C. been (he, she, it) p
Sasank: 'coming' is only an 'ing' form, and b) Verb - sentence subject y
'seen' is just a past participle. In our -/-- - sentence [ , pE, -F [-

n ]!
last article, we have seen the six C/-N verb. Eo .
forms of verbs.
jFo [-Eo p 'be' forms.

a) 'be' form + ing form is a verb c) English verb six forms form f) subject action
- L- E
b) 'be' form/ have/ has/ will have/ L. words . Ox1st Regular Doing
shall have etc + past participle is d) English statement ( Words (come, go, take, sit verbs - I,

a verb. N p sentence) , question we, you, they 2nd Regular
[),
(coming C 'ing' form, + order of words C. Doing Words (comes, goes, takes, sits
seen C past participle- ing i) Statement structure: subject + verb verbs - He,
OE
form ] 'be' form verb
- ii) Question structure: She, It [)
C. + past participle] 'be' 1) verb + subject v p- J
form F have/ has/ had/ shall have Regular Actions -
N verb-C. Fo -Th. There are no verbs in your sentences
] u .) i) 1st Regular Doing
Radha: So, you say a sentence in English Word Question
IV) verbs of sense perception.

x 25
must have a verb- one of the six not
E, F (uvC - -C# am/
forms we saw in last article. do hC. M. SURESAN is/ are ing [. am/ is/ are looking,
(English sentence correct ii) 2nd Regular Doing listening [-a.)
- u N-J-#x 2) 1st word of the verb + subject + Word Question
not E, F V) have A[/ [ n am
verb x L.) other words of the verb. (verb does hC. having/ is having/ are having [a.
Sasank: That's right g) Past Doing Words (came, went, took, sat
[ [ -...) N n- am/ is/ are having [.
Questions [ :
() verbs) j- J-TD Lh Bath am/ is/ are having [.
Cx correct verbs Jh-. - - [.
1) 'Wh' questions- what, when, etc., Past Doing Word not E, Question i) English verbs six forms .
verb correct brackets (c) .
p- (w) d. verb form correct - v-uN. F did hC. six forms E E verbs .
, correct verb form. verb correct 2) Non 'wh' questions- what, when etc j p Eo vocabulary items
h) am + ing/ is + ing/ are + ing form (be form
C form verb - . EN. -isubject ] + ing form) verbs p[ --o - -o. j-C @N-
eg: verb verb
E, ]-- F h-, , C--u,
subject, verb
[.
1) He was do it (W) y y N p[ --o - p- - a s-, ]-, -
He was doing it (C) h. Ej, Eo verbs am + ing/ is + -]-L- English --o.
He did it. e) verbs [-Eo p verbs 'be'
ing/ are + ing form [. N DE-- Eo principles of pronunciation
2) She looking at it (W) forms .
I) verbs expressing feelings and emotions. (English a- v) -o.
She is/was/any be form looking at it. (C) I) am, is, are - vh [-Eo E,
(-, - -C-# N--
3) They have seen me (C)
(have + past participle)
Exercise:
vo: 1) The match is to start. u u v- a) vh v N-u-
2) The match is going to start. u uC \. E -Eo uhJ--] 'might'
1. They know me.
2. She seen him.
3) The match is about to start. vo: One word substitutions [.
O ]u N? OE - eg: Hari might help you.
3. They are take coffee.
N? OE --T-h
4. She will help him.
pL. L-----. might E Eo (J F -a/ h-
5. The snake been killed. p N--, - ]-sx --T-h? )
6. The book stolen. : . O-] f, They might leave tomorrow.

7. The class going on. 1) The match is to start- : Eo p a nEo

DE n (x h-/ x-a
8. We known him. match vL/ -C L one word substi-
).
9. They saw him yesterday. Past -Eo uh-----E, 'might'
qx E. -- -] E. tute (one word substitution ])
10. The snake has been killed. 2) The match is about to start- Cl [. C E a
. a) I think he may help me.
Answers: x match v---C E. eg: one who does not believe that god
3) The match is going to start- match exists.
([ h---E/
1. (C) I Regular Doing Word. (-[-o-[E tE [ h-
v C. u--aE ---o.)
2. (W) Correct form: She has/ will have/ [) h nEo L
u about to start uC b) I thought he might help me.
would have + seen him atheist (-C-d). d ([ -- -h---E/
3. (W) Correct form: They are taking cof- \. \[ 'atheist' C one word substi-
fee. u v -C. tute.
u--aE -o past).
I [- ] 3 d 2005

Hari: Hi Hema, What's new? has played (has + past participle) = p

( , N-?) [.
Hema: Every thing OK. Thank you. How is has been playing (has been + ing) =
[-
the world with you? -o[.
( C. y o?) 2(a) She has been working here since
Hari: Good so far, Thanks. the opening of the office.
(p C.) \[verb- has been working = (has been +
Hema: I've (I have) been waiting here for the ing) \[ v-G-#--p < \[
bus for the past twenty minutes. It EhC.
hasn't turned up. By the way, Where (p # p ).
are you coming from? 2 (b) verb has + pp - E-
( 20 EN-- ] h- -C E. Prakash: I've (I have) been trying to talk to/
( --E= to call; B[= lift)
o. C p ]. -F, for , since : x-] \--j x- discuss with him something. I
y-\ # h-o?) haven't (have not) found the time.
turn up = [, [ a)Eo -, Eo V-, o-x ?
for the past (so many) hours/ days/ (= perhaps) Prasad: This work has been keeping him
by the way- topic a--E
years . 5) v: -- E h-o[. busy since saturday. He hasn't
Hari: From college. I have been going
b) j #, V #, Jh -]. found the time even to see the doc-
round the college for my certificates
tor.

p[ ...!
for the past three days. They haven't -q # since . v: v-V- - N
(since = #) x-f-E v-Ao-h-o. -- Prakash: What's (What is) his problem?
(have not) made them ready yet. The
He has worked/ has been working here for j --]. Prasad: For the past (one) week he has
clerk hasn't (has not) been attending
the past 2 years/ since 2003 (2005- v: E E- # G@ been having a bad cold and
college since the college reopened
headache.
last week.
([ V- Jd--x - 6) Jayanth: Have you read (gone through)
d A--o. Rx E today's paper?
-]. ] - J- Jayakar: We haven't received/ got the
#--p # x\ [ ]) paper yet/ so far. Of late we
Hema: I understand your trouble. have been getting the paper
late.
have been waiting, have
j -- (of late = lately = ]u)
been going, has been attending verbs
Jayanth: Haven't you
form- have been + ing/
-E- . O (have you not)
has been + ing. O L- ? 2=2003) -C. d ---E complained to
I, We, You and They have been+ ing;
for the past 50 years - since 1955 (2005- -E j --]. the agent?
He, She, It has been + ing
[. (j -[ = not find the time;
50=1955) Jayakar: I have been
form verb present perfect continuous
= even)
C - -E-. complaining
tense . Shyam: What have you been doing since v: N u? since sunday.
(] lesson verb form-
this morning? v: - -, --p He hasn't
have + PP/has + PP - Present Perfect tense)
have been + ing/has been + ing J-Eo (]l# h-o? p[ ) C. cared. Since M. SURESAN
Ramu: I have been studying for exam sunday we've
sentences J-Q-L-. -- #a tomorrow. (have) been getting the paper at
have + PP, has + PP o u- J-- ( K ]---o p[ ) 7:30 AM. What's the news in the

x 27
a. Shyam: How many chapters have you cov- paper?
ered? Jayanth: The paper has reported a terrorist
(p Eo dx Jh--?) attack in Kashmir
Ramu: I have finished nine chapters so far. Jayakar: How many have died?
(-- NtC dx Jh--) 6) : V C-? Jayanth: Eight. The terrorists have set fire
Shyam: How long have you been using your -: -- ]. the Government Hospital.
scooter? ]u -u
(y -- F \- - hC (get [).
-T-h-o?) : - complain -?
Ramu: It has been serving me well for the -: C- # complain ho.
last two years. It hasn't given me any F [ d-[ ].
trouble. V # [-o-
(-x C ----[-C. hC. N x N?
v y-].) (d-----[ = not care).
: Qtx v-Jd J# vo: How do you do? n N?
... -E- ! DE - pL?
Jd C.
1) have + pp/ has + pp - v # ] v-, K--
-: -C E----N?
p J-T - [. : E-N-C-C. v-y--vAE v-J- : How do you do? -
2) have been + ing/ has been + ing -
d ---d. ?/-o?/--o?
v # --o - (---d[ = set fire) expression -o- d--]--
[.
3) -u so far, for the past, for the last, Answers: J J- --p[ . x
Tendulkar has been playing cricket ... 1) How long have you been working here? J- - 'How do you do?' E -
since have + pp/has + pp; have been
1. a) Tendulkar has been playing cricket for + ing/ has been + ing- verb [- 2) How many movies have you seen so far -Jh. ] -L x p] How
the past fifteen years. (since 1989/1990) . O have + pp/has + pp this month? do you do?. yA # How are you
b) Tendulkar has played cricket for the already (p-), yet (... ]) 3) I have been reading/ I have been a reader [.
past fifteen years (since 1989/1990). h-. of this paper for the past ten years. vo: I have finished my work.
2. a) She has been working here since the C u- English practice . 4) Ramana: Has Ashok come? Have I finished my work.
opening of the office. Ravi: No. I've (have) been waiting for I haven't finished my work.
b) She has worked here since the opening
1) O \[ E h-o?
2) p O Eo E- him for the past half an hour. DE interrogative- have In't finished
of the office. Ramana: Have you phoned him?/ Have my work? C j- ?
1 (b), 2 (b)
?
n O 3) -x ]---o/ you called him? . -A, -[-
:
1(b) (for) / 1989-
[-\ C---x Ravi: I have been trying to phone him/
90 (since)
-- o (reader [). 'Haven't I finished my work? C
# v [ (p). 4) : a? ring him up/ call him for the past
sentence verb- has+ PP. half an hour. No one in his place
E Jh -? ( E-
1(a)
N: ]. E --
DEE a. h-o (wait [). has lifted the phone. Jh ?) n d.
1(a) Tendulkar has been playing cricket for Ramana: Perhaps they have all gone I haven't finished my work C, Have
the past fifteen years/ since 1989-90
: y ?
somewhere. you finished your work? question
answer d. j u present perfect
1(a) verb- has been + playing (has been +
N: - --E -- v-
5) Prasad: Phani has been doing that work
Ao-h-o. Rxx B-
ing). continuous tense J# N- C.
for the past half an hour. He has-
DE n [-\ C---x ].
cricket [.
n't (has not) yet completed it.
(198990 #) [--o[ ().
I [- v 5 d 2005

Sukumar: My bike has been giving trouble have + pp/ has + pp --T ]s
since monday. I haven't been able
to find a good mechanic. 1) (-) j LE past actions.
(- # j v 2) p--# p--- (p-[-p[)
hC. # -E -- --o - (actions from then till
x]) now/ (sometimes) even now;
Sudheer: Why don't you try my mechanic? 3) just N --p[ p --
He has been attending to my bike - (actions just completed).
for a long time now, and he has
Have been + ing/ has been + ing: p-
done a good job of it so far.
( -E- ] -- --j vi, --o -.
Ram: How long have you been waiting here?
[]? j h-[.
(y \[ p# Rx- -a. (at all =
p--x?) )
p--- [).
I have been to Mumbai Suneel: I went there last saturday.
Sukumar: I haven't thought of it. Thank you.
ho?)
Raghu: I have been waiting for you for ten (I have gone to Mumbai ]). ( E- x I/we went [-
Let's take my bike to him.
minutes now. jo x (E AJT #a y G). a.)
( N -- -#--
(C EN-- F We have been to Chennai.
]. j \- B-.)
(We have gone to Chennai ]) sentences English practice .
Sudheer: He hasn't opened shop yet. 10 o'
ho).

x... Rx a?
I, We 'have gone' [. N subjects 1) K: O, Eo v Nyx .
clock will be OK. \ situation -E-. \---x?
'I have been waiting for you for the past ten
[-a. N: Eo \u d V. Rx-
x.

(-E --]. 10 - minutes (for ten minutes now) E -

R J--C). J -o[? . p[? #a C u [
Sukumar: OK then. I haven't (have not) had y... #a o[ d wait- a) x -J x.
my bath and breakfast yet. I will ing hx . have been waiting They have gone to the US/ They have left
be at your place by 9.30. E -o[. for the US.
( o -]. v-d I have waited for you for ten minutes now - b) ou Mx x[.
-]. O 9.30 ]. My brother has left for/ My brother has
x h). \[ have been waiting/ have waited gone to Delhi.
Sudheer: OK () [ d. [- c) j]-- Rx a.
have + pp/ has + pp, have been + ing/ has ]l ]. We have been to Hyderabad.
been + ing - -- continue -C d) - Rx--a.
. E continuity I have been to Bangalore.

}
I He has+pp

}
vu yLq h
we have+pp She has been+ have been + ing/ has
you It ing been + ing better.
they have been+ing a) x - x. Sudha, where have you been?

M. SURESAN b)
They have gone out.
Lx-]-v[ j]-- x 28 K: y ]u -- i
x. --o?
My parents have gone to Hyderabad. / i Rx--a/Rx-a. N: ]. -p[ o[.
\[ -E-. I/ We have been to Mysore. K: y-p-[- x?
a) They have gone x x-E . N: -x x. J y?
x AJT ]. x J \[ n, J x K: -- x-]. j]-
vo: 1) Will she have played?
a, x---o J J# E . x-].
a E. a) Smitha: Do you know Mumbai well? 2) : O o---\[?
Will she has played? b) My parents have gone to Hyderabad (F ?) F: ---x.
2) He never uses pencil. x j]-- x--J L, - b) Sridhar: Oh, Yes. I have been there a : \---x?
He never use pencil. j]-- J L E. p[ number of times. F: x v .
3) Which is your native place? C [ ( . -\- : ---C --Rx? (has
What is your native place? I have gone to Hyderabad. -x x.) been v [)
4) At what time does Bangalore F: -
express reach Bangalore?
Dn j]-- x E n N subjects
j]-- x JF (on the way to [-a. Answers:
At what time Bangalore express Hyderabad) , j]-- JF L E Mithun: How familiar is he with Chennai? 1) Karim: Ravi, you were not at home yes-
reaches Bangalore? . famil-
( jo ? terday. Where did you go?
ux N j-N? E -J p--? iar= L [[/ J- [[) Ravi: Yesterday was my sister's birthday.
5) 'God' third person
! J 'God v-- (fellow passenger) - I went to her place.
Mittal: He has been there a number of times.
L F 'God bless
blesses you' . j]-- J y I have gone to Karim: Have you met Jayakumar, of late?
you'
( \- -x x[
E ]? Hyderabad E -. \[ J-nA. - J# Ravi: No. He is in Mumbai
6)
F ? uEo Tx- j]-- # AJT #a y j]-- Karim: Have you ever been to Mumbai?
'Do you know?'
E)
E h. F Rx--a-E p[. d English C Mithun: Have you ever been to Chennai? (ever = p-j)
L-? uEo Tx- p--E I have gone to Hyderabad J-] (y-p-j jo x? \[ Ravi: I have been there a number of
L? . We () u. Have you gone Have you times. What about you?
. P, jy--[ u-i Karim: I haven't (have not) been there so
: O ux CN
been [[ #C.)
Mittal: I haven't (have not) been there so far. I haven't been even to
I/ We 'have gone' verb ]. ]-
Correct. far . Hyderabad. (even = )
1) Will she have played?
F F \--j Rx #a y 2) Sumanth: Where's (where is) your father?
2) He never uses pencil
\- x -. E English- 'have ( \- -- x-].)
Sunil: He has gone out.
gone' ]. 'have gone'/ 'has gone'- Rx-- n
3) What is your native place? Sumanth: Where did he go?
Saritha: Sudha, where have you been? v hC. Rx AJ-T--#a J-nA J# Sunil: He went to his friend's.
4) At what time does the Bangalore
express reach Bangalore?
(, \-[-o -?) p]. (friend's= v .friend's house
Sudha: I have been to college. Suneel: I returned from Delhi the day before. friend's home friend's
5) 'God bless you' 'May God
Jh- . y-].
( -- Rx a). ( )
Mx # o AJT a. best)
bless you' 'May'
Qq. C-
\[ I have gone to college n Sumanth: Why did you go there at all? Sumanth: How long has he been out?
'God bless you' . hC? -- x (\ o) When did you go there? Sunil: He has been out for half an
6) Don't you (Do you not) konw? (F
M?) E. \ J- x - ]. ( \- ] x? hour now.
I [- C 7 d 2005

Gowtham: Hi Jagadeesh, it's you! How long ( h -u h. --

have you been here? u.)
(-D, y? -- \[ Sumeet: I'll (I will) be there till 7.30. Don't
o? C --J. worry.
u -- ( 7.30 . vK .)
xj E-#--p[ - j -- 'shall be', 'will be'- be forms
-T--a.) d [-Eo .
Jagadeesh: I've (have) been here since the
day before. I joined an I-CET
shall + 1st RDW/will + 1st RDW - shall
come, will go, shall see, will meet -
coaching centre here yesterday.
verbs N-u-h -- .
(o # \ o. \[
# - a) I shall be there tomorrow.
\[ . I, We shall future [[E, E 3) -. \[ C
.)
Gowtham: How long will your course last? b) I shall go (shall + 1st RDW) there tomor- -[F #a ] (indefinite). V . -- AJT h.
row. 1. I/We shall be there tomorrow. 4) : O-p--h?
(O q - C?
last = [[) (shall go = action)
\- . (/ \[ /. y: a- h. (Jh u
Jagadeesh: It's a forty day course, so it will C u- J-Q-L-. [[ (indefinite) #a]) practice )
2. I/We shall meet you there.
continue for another forty days.
: Jd--q Fo h?
a) x \[ .
(/ Eo \[ --/ -- y: Fo B--. u-i- h.
(C j V q. 40 They will be here tomorrow.
#a] J-T --C : O vU Jd-- h?

\[ will, p[ shall?
V u -C.) b) (action).
x \- h
Gowtham: Shall we meet this evening?
].) y: C --? (necessary
( V v -l?) [)
Jagadeesh: Certainly. Where shall we meet?
: a- p[ h?
(p-. \[ l?) y: a - h.
Gowtham: I will return home at 5 PM. We will Answers:
meet then at my home. 1) We shall meet again tomorrow.
( ] - h. 2) When will you start for college tomorrow?
p[ x l.) 3) I shall go to Mumbai tomorrow. I shall be
They will come here tomorrow (will + come there for 10 days. I shall return by the
d I/ We shall h future
- action)
#a-E state of being ([-[)-E, E month end.
c)
(action) E -C.
Sx \[ . 4) Jayanth: When will you come?
We shall be here again tomorrow.
you, he, she, it and they will , Jaswanth: I shall come next week.
d) \- AJ-T-h. C- #a-E (indefinite) N-u-h L- Jayanth: Will you bring all the certifi-
We shall return here tomorrow.
shall be, will be- N-u-h [[
--hC. [[ , E cates?
. Jaswanth: I shall not bring all of them. I
shall + 1st RDW/ will + 1st Regular Doing
Word (RDW) = (action)
N-u-h E--[ 3. My friends (they) will be here next week. shall bring only the important
shall p[, will p[? N
vq a- \[ . ones.
([[ #a-]) Jayanth: Will you bring the degree certifi-
]-s-N? v-h -E-.
4. She will help you. cate?
Pradeep: I shall buy a car soon.
F hC (indefinite = Jaswanth: Is it necessary/ Will it be nec-
( y ) #a-])
Pratap: When will you buy it? essary?
(p[ ?) 5. You will know it soon. Jayanth: When will you come next week?
(FC y- -hC indefinite) Jaswanth: I shall come next Thursday.
6. It will happen.
(C --C Indefinite)

x 29
7. Kiran (He) will return soon.
Indefinite)
When will you be free? ( y- AJ-T--h[
8. Kamala (She) will shop for saris tomorrow.
Jagadeesh: I will make it then. Bye. Pradeep: Depends. I expect some money
( < C Indefinite)
next week. Once I get it, I will buy
( p- h. j) Questions I
vo: They cut forests- cut V1 N-
it.
-u ---p[
j ---E verbs -E-. and we will
E, you, he, she, it and they
have been - -- [-Eo L-- (a [s L. C shall E . Questions ? V2 N-?
hC. (since = -j # ) C .) -p[I and we shall; you, he, she, it and
u-E passive form-
joined (yesterday) - Past Doing Word - past Depends = j v- E
they will v [. Forests are cut by them/ Forests
action time known . N- O] --- - J# Preethi: I want to see you about those were cut by them - C
Fo L-. -- h p--p[ It all depends/ depends . books. When shall I see you? d?
verbs: C conversational bit. Practice O - ( h- N- Eo --- x- [, Lx-x
: They cut forests- \[ 'cut' V1
1) will last (will + last - 1st Regular Doing - [. -o. p[ -?)
Word) --: Prema: When will you be free?
2) will continue (will + continue - 1st Regular Prameela: Will you help me with a little
(F-p[ BJ?) ( past simple). V2 p[ verb ].
Doing Word) money?
Preethi: When will you be free? Shall I see
p-j V2 (Past Participle) ] 'be'
3) shall meet (shall + meet - 1st Regular ( Cl [s h?) form F, have, has, had etc F #a--p
you tomorrow?
Doing Word) Pramoda: It all depends, I expect some verb. ]-sEo d forests are cut, forests
money tomor-
(F BJ--p[? Eo - were cut [ d.
4) will return (will + return - 1st Regular Doing
vo: -E ing form a[ x C
row. If I get it,
?)
Word) Prema: That's OK. ()
5) will make (will + make - 1st Regular Doing I will give it. noun -? verb -? -
Preethi: Will the books (they) be with you
Word) (It all depends/ depends --[ ? walking, eating, giving
tomorrow?
6) will meet (will + meet - 1st Regular Doing = p p-. verb forms -?
( h- F ]_--?)
Word) [s h F-h. Prema: Will your father (he) get new books noun forms -?
Fo shall/ will + 1st Regular Doing E-y[, -Lq this evening? v , --o
Word (I RDW) form six
: 'ing' form Jh noun -C. 'ing'
, [sj -- C)
vD ], 'I shall buy' M. SURESAN
(O o- h h-
forms of verb N V form . v h?) form ] 'be' form verb ]E
(shall be/ will be- 'be' forms. N [ E, y 'I will buy' -o[. v '...will j -- questions Eo- I/we ] -J L--.
vo: He is Ravi u subject C?
future (N-u-h) [-Eo ) you buy it?' E [---o[ ? C shall; you, he, she, it, they will [
Sumant: Where will you be at 7 this evening? -E-. .
I and we + shall (I, We shall); you, he, she, He o, Ravi o !
(v [ \[ p[ C u- English practice
it, they + will (you, he, she, it, they will) -], --A--
: He is Ravi u subject he.
?) .
Sumeet: I will be at home. (x ) #aE N-u-h L--- 1) Sx --.
Sumant: I shall be a little late. Please wait for h. Future #a, Eo d 2) -- p[ ----? (start Sentence- 'He'E J# C d
me. shall, will [. subject.
for [)
I [- 9 d 2005

Pranav: Mom, I will go to the first show today. d I/We + will Eg-Eo L--hC.
(t, V d- -.) 2) I/We will x--J l-Eo (intention)
Narmada: You shall finish your home work
first.
L--hC.
a) SriRam: What do you want to Shravan?
(y ] \ JhL.) Shravan: I will be (will become) a doctor.
Pranav: Tapan, my friend, will be here in a
few minutes. We will finish our
( d- / d---
homework together.
(l) will be/ become
( v Cl EN-x \--- l (intention)).
b) Praneetha: My friend Pratibha will be
h[. ]l L \ - here in a few minutes.
) Prasanna: We will take her home, then.
Narmada: Look here, Pranav, You shall see tomorrow?
the next movie only a month later.
( B- 7) Ng: -x x.
l (intention)) y: -J v x. Prasanthi: I am/ shall be at home all the
I will not allow you to waste your day tomorrow.
Praneetha: Later, I will take you and her to Ng: vt x?
time. Santhisri: But I shall go to Guntur tomor-
a movie. We will have some y: [-x
(Sx y E time together. row.
N h--[]. Eo x- x[. Prasanthi: When will be back?/ When will
(y Eo, E-
E-y.) B--. j L- 8) vA: y ? (won't you return?
Pranav: But if my friends invite? you [.) Santhisri: I shall go to Chennai in a week
we will have (inten-
( vq Lh?) tion)) AX: y x p[ ? and from there return.
Narmada: I will tell them they shall not invite. Prasanthi: I shall buy a cell phone tomor-
3) I/we will
vA: x .

y...!
You shall study well, and get good #a-x row.
marks. Dad and I will allow you to (Promise). AX: J- .
Santhisri: Will you be in touch with me
watch movies only then.
(Eo ]lE x .
y CN # \
a--L. p y E-
[-E , o --Ah.)
j -- verbs o -E-
. ] lesson
Go I, and We will; you, he, she, it and
they shall a . from tomorrow ?
a) Surekha: Teacher, I have some doubts in
-J h--a-. vA: Sx p--h? 9) Tarun: Hi Varun, How are you?
English.
I/We shall; you, he, she, it and they will (, Tx- Eo - AX: y jo Rx \ # Varun: Fine. Thank you. How are you?
#a--E N-u-h L---h. shall be, o.) AJT h. Tarun: Fine. Have you joined MBA?
will be N-u-h [-Eo, shall + 1st Teacher: I will clear all your doubts. Don't vA: - . Varun: I haven't (have not) decided yet.
Regular Doing Word (1st RDW), will + 1st worry. AX: # Tarun: I have joined MCA. I joined the
RDW N-u-h - Lh. (F --Fo B-h C ? institute yesterday.
p[ I/We will; you, he, she, it and they teacher's promise) 9) : , -? Varun: My father has been out of town for
shall EE L-h l. b) Prasanth: Dad, the course costs Rs. the past four days. I am waiting for
1) I/We will x-[--o-x Eg-Eo
: , -...
20,000/- a year. him. Decision is possible only after
y o?
L--hC. Dad: Don't you worry son. I will give you he comes back.
I will buy a car soon. : o.
#a- y C G-
Eg. ?
I shall buy a car soon. : Eg-
--o [
#a ].
x 30 ---].
:
a) Teacher: You will get a prize only if you all the money you want. Just study . Eo M. SURESAN
score more than 90% marks.
(90 o \ \
well and come out with success.
I will
-d-u- . vo: a) The meeting will be held on tomor-
row evening sentence tense
(F Lq- [s Eh : o V- x
a- F wj hC). give; I will - promise -
Ramana: OK Teacher, I will work hard.
. h-o. ]-C? tense voice
y[) #a y Eg B- N?
I will do my best to get the c) Vijay: I want to contest in the coming
. b) Definite article 'the'E \[ --
more than 90% municipal elections.
( d- ]--. 90% Answers: T-L. The French, The whip E
(a Eq- Eo-x ---- -a?
o \ a-E v- --o.) 1) I will go to Chennai tomorrow.
Ao-h I will - Eg) .. v, N--o
:
Vinai and Vikram: Go ahead. We will sup- 2) We will not let them come here.
Teacher: Will you and Mohan come to port you. a) 'will be held tomorrow evening'
3) I will give you whatever book you want.
me tomorrow? I will clear your (on tomorrow evening verb-
J-]). \[
(. Eo d h 4) We will meet the CM tomorrow.
doubts. We will support - promise) will be held.
5) We will not allow such things. Tense: future simple/ indefinite.
( y, ]_-J Vijay: I will file my nomination then.
h? -i ( N-- h Eg) 6) Bharat: Shall I go now? Voice: passive.
B-h I will - Eg) Vinai and Vikram: We will help you with Bhargav: Where will you go? b) The French French
vq -n.
b) Rahim: Will you buy that car? money also. Bharat: To college french .
Bhargav: When will your friends come? 'The'
Promise)
[ h N- y hC.
vo: Eo curd ? curds
( ?) ([s h
Rasheed: I will buy it whatever the price. Bharat: Won't you (will you not) join us
I will -
C u English practice .
( K-j . for the picnic tomorrow? ?
1) #a- jo .
7) Vishnu: I have been to Mumbai quite a
Eg) . -, y-
c) Teacher: Will you all come for the picnic
on sunday?
2) x \- Ey.
3) F h -Lq h. number of times. : 'Curd', 'curds' [ d.
Eshwar: I have been there too; just once. curd y singular verb, curds y plu-
(O C- o h?) 4) p- - h. ral verb L. The curd is tasty.
Vishnu: Has Brahmam too been to
Pupils: We will come, teacher. 5) N --Ey (such things,
Mumbai? The curds are tasty.
vo: 'Obey the parents' u-E
we will -
(h Eg) allow [).
d) Kumar: Won't you see that movie? Eshwar: He has been to Mumbai just pas-
( E [? Won't you=
6) : E-p[ x? once or twice. sive N?
will you not)
_: \ -? 8 )Prasanthi : Won't you come home to . , y-
Peter and John: We will see it, of course. : -- -. me?/ Won't you come to our : Let the parents be obeyed.
(#a- h. _: O vq p--h? place? sentences passive
'-
]) : x o- y ? Santhisri: When will you be at home C.
I [- 11 d 2005

Sumathi: Hi, Vimala, well met. When shall You, he, she, it and they will -
we sit to plan our holiday? Indefinite future.
(#a--E)
( N! ---[ you, he, she, it and
p[ j --
#-jC. M x --E they shall
]-s
p[ a?) ] #a --
Holiday = n . 1) #a- future -----o N-
n \j - Rx .
V E. a) It shall be this evening.
Vimala: Why not this evening? I shall be v C #a- -C/---
away from tomorrow onwards. C, -L/--yL.
( v ] a-[]? b) She shall come.
# G@ .) p- h-C/--L. steno shall stay longer than all of y L (ccommand)
why not = ] []? c) He shall join. you. I have a lot of letters to dictate, e) They shall stay too.
Sumathi: It shall be this evening then. You p- h-[/--L. and she shall take out their print command)
x \[ L. (c
shall be here at 7 PM. d) They shall not. outs before tomorrow morning. For f) My steno shall stay.
( V v x -[]/ two more days the office shall work command)
d \[ L (c
a. - y \[ e) You shall be here. till 7PM. g) She shall take print outs.
L.) Ny-\[ L. (x p- . -
Vimala: How about Sourabha? Won't she Manoj: How long am I to be here, Sir?
v-x p- BL (c

L... p]!
x M [-[]. command)
(will not she) join us? (-- \[ ?)
( -? ?)
Sumathi: She shall come, ofcourse. She has
promised me.
( p hC. h-E
#aC.)
Vimala: What about Sudhakar, Your cousin?
(O > - -?)
Sumathi: He shall join us too.
( p- h[.) Officer: You shall be here till 7 in the d O ]-J- \-- h) The office (it) shall work.
Vimala: Won't Neeraj and Kalyan come? evening. C. x d E--L (c command)
(F, u [ ?) (y \[ v -- L. ]--E-x p-E- -hC you, he, she, it and they
Sumathi: Why they? They shall not. I don't L c) shall c (Commands/ orders) ya.
like them. Manoj: Why so long, Sir?
(x-]? x -[]. d ]) (- ]-?) [.
i) You shall not smoke here.
-- you, he, she, it and they Officer: You shall finish all this work and then
x 31
shall [ -E-. only go.
y \[ t --[].
j) O public, university exams answer books
It shall be; (y E Jh xL.)
She shall come; Manoj: I want leave on Friday Sir.
instructions Fo shall [
He shall join; (v- L.) .
-J v-x B--L. i) No candidate (he/she) shall bring any slips
They shall (not); Officer: You shall not [ \ V v of paper into the exam hall.
You shall be go on leave till E-L.) (K - T xp B--
-- --C J h--- Monday. You
. shall stay here
-- Officer, you, he, she it and --[]. - order)
they shall [[ -E-. [[ ii) Absolute silence shall be observed.
1) I/We shall; you, he, she, it and they as long as I
c (commands) y--E. (Jh Ezl -L order)
will #a--E N-uh (Indefinite future) want you to.
you, he, she, it and they shall c- vy v, E-] Eox you, he,
L--h. (- (commands) LhC. she, it, they shall c- [[ O
2) I/We will Eg-- (decisions), d- a) You shall be here. Ea. Court orders .
l- (intentions) L--h. -[]. M. SURESAN command) orders K --Eyou, he, she, it and they
3) I/We will promise --E - - Ny-\[ L (c
b) You shall finish. C--J- (official) , -C--J
[. - Ny-\[ -Lq.) command)
y Jh L (c (unofficial) 'shall' [-.
-E-# N- v- Manoj: What about the others Sir?
c) You shall not go on leave. English practice
I/We shall - Indefinite future (N sC --?) C u . ]-
command) shall, will
I/We will - Officer: They shall stay too. They shall not
y d--[] (c sEo d [ [.
determination (Eg) d) You shall stay. 1) ---O y --[] (such= -
apply for leave either, till Monday. My
).
vo: a) Infinitives N? ( -E DEo 'I had been there when the func- 2) y \ - (order).
b) 'to + have +V3' n C) tion began exactly at 6', E Jh 3) -v-E-x E Jh--L.
N? c) To \ be F being [- p- sentence j n hC. 4) Ram: Sx p[ \?
sentence (a) Raghu: y Sx \- -[].
c) to
\ being be ]. DE j n
i) I like to be here for sometime. hC. (b) function
u-E n - Ram: y x-[--[].
E n N? Raghu: y E Jh--L. y
. y--, ( \[ E d J- viC. ]
: a) Infinitives J# --
-o.) \[ o E. o ---L.
ii) I object to being treated as a vo: a) Would E ]-sx - Ram: -v #a- E
] #a x N-J C stranger. -T-h? Jh-h.
[. Raghu: -v-E y E Jh-
(o h [E b) Let you write p?
b) to have + V3 - V3 past partici- u- --o.) -L.
vo: O x --
ple. To have + V3 ---:
p? ]? Answers:
to have gone, to have killed, to have
P-v-, \ 1) You shall do no such thing/ You shall not
done etc.
#a I was there exactly at 6
when the function began : do any such thing.
i) He seems to have done it. 2) You shall be/ shall come here at 7 tomor-
uEo 'I had been there exact- a) 'would'Eo y- NJh.
( E [ -d C (past row.
ly at 6 when the function began' b) Let you write - C p. Let -
j J-T-x E--#C). 3) You/He/She/They shall finish/ complete
ii) They appear to have killed the tiger.
E -a? ] ux N- the work by tomorrow.

:
(Tiger -past
E--C-- - x E #o, x J. -u Let 'you' 4) Ram: When shall I come here again?
a) I was there exactly at 6
x p[ E-h-o.) [[ []. \-J [-a. Raghu: You shall not (shan't) come here
when the function began. DE n
iii) I like to have gone with them. You let yourself into the room, when he again.
function begin --p[ -\[ -
(x Rx [--E d[- opens the door. Ram: You shall not (shan't) talk like that.
d J- o E. Function
o x Rx--. ( --, y v-P Raghu: You shall finish the work. Then
begin [ J-, -\[ oC
p[ x-[o.) E n. \[ yourself only you shall see/ meet me.
She likes to sing.
J- E. Ram: I'll (I will) finish the work by this
b) I had been there exactly at 6 when reflexive [ -E-)
( ----C) Let you write n y . evening.
the function began- C J-].
She likes to have sung 'write' JC . Raghu: You shall (finish), then.
I --- --E 13 -d 2005
Bhaskar: Good morning, sir. Will you give Father: You have wasted a lot of money,
me the books I've asked you for, already. you shall not waste any
sir? more money, understand.
(---Jo . --T h-- p- s %--.
-h?) . n--?
Teacher: Yes, Bhaskar, they shall be with C a-J (Warning)
you this afternoon. Don't worry.
Son: I do, dad. It shall not happen again.
(N uo F _--, (n--C. C Sx - o-
?) C O Assurance)
Bhaskar: Moreover, I need your notes too,
Father: You shall keep an account of every
sir, for the next week's exam.
paise you spend. Father: You shall have the money. How
exam
(--, a- 3) Samuel: * novels \
(y a-d vA j \--L) much do you want?
O q L. --? (Available
Moreover=; notes- plural; Son: I will, dad. ( s F hC. ( F
note- singular) (I will-Eg \ Assurance) s h= I will give you the )
Samson: Read well book stores .
d you, he, she, it and they shall money. You shall have - C promise)
Teacher: You shall have them, what more? =at).
( \ O
(notes F-h. L?) 1) Orders/ commands 2) Warnings
L?) -Lq --C (get,
Parvathi: About Rs 10000/-
Bhaskar: My sister wants you to help her out 3) Assurances --C. whatever book )
with some of the lessons. Prem: I am going to contest in the next elec-
( C-) Samuel: p \-?
sister lessons Father: You shall have more than that. Don't Samson: Saturday v y p-
( Eo tions
worry.

shall, will - -- --C!

N- O L.) ( a Eo-x ----o) . Eo
Teacher: She shall have my help. Let her not Worry
-o \ h. l. p- \- B--.
worry, but she shall see me only in
forenoon. I am busy the next of the
day.
( C. F
o lo -L. N
- busy)
Bhaskar: She shall see you in the forenoon
only, sir, I assure you. You, he, she and Answers:
Ram and Swaroop: Go ahead. You shall
(sister NtLo l-- they shall C-- 1) We will attend the function.
have our total support.
sir) . 2) Gopi: Shall I take/ have/ borrow your
-hC, support
(--F, F Jh
Teacher: One of the books is rare. It shall 1)Orders/commands
C) bike for an hour?
not be lost or damaged. 2)Warnings
You shall have even our financial support. Govind: You shall not.
(x h -jC, 3)Assurances
( financial support
F p
C ,-*-J-T-- L. 4)Promise Gopi: It shall be back with you in just
Bhaskar: It shall not be, Sir.
C) M. SURESAN
\ you shall have our support C C uu- an hour.
'shall'
j -- J-Q-L-. O-o d p- English practice Govind: I will not give it (I won't give it).
p--- --o will, shall Promise *a-i y) . (-sEo d will, shall
-- h a-. You shall not trouble me any
i) I/We shall- you, he, she, it and they . N verb forms p--- more.
will- indefinite future (E-Pa N-u-h) --oN Lq a). 3) Samuel: Where are such good novels
--. 1) p- function h. (attend available?/ Where do we get
ii) I/ We will L-C:
a) Determination (Eg)
-x--- 32 ) such good novels?
2) Gopi: - F bike B-? Samson: At Readwell Book Stores. You
b) Intention (l)
c) Promise ( y) Govind: B--l. (Jh sentence shall get there whatever book
iii) You, he, she, it and they shall L-C. O hC.I/We will .) you want.
a) commands/orders (c) h. (Promise) Gopi:
you, he, she it and they shall C Sx F _ p- (you get E -a)
b) Definite future (N-u-h *a
promise -a.
C. Samuel: When shall we go there?
---N)
Parvathi: Dad, I want to take coaching of (It begin , back ) Samson: You come home to me/ come to
p Bhaskar, teacher u conversation
-E-: CAT. I need some money. Govind: E-y. o v my place on Saturday evening.
Shall u: CAT exam
(--o, coaching
ul. (will/shall v I will take you to the shop.
You, he, she, it and they shall : B------o. s L) )
1) They shall be with you this afternoon =
N u-o-E F _ . vo: 1)O The Egg (C ) -E p. an egg - { -----C. The umbrella in that
-- E u-o-E F h-/- E --? corner is mine \ - ( o )
--) C O (Assurance)
2) She shall have my help= 2) The E p , p -- N- o d 'The umbrella' . ( ?
p C. C ---. h? E vo -E - h, The )
O (Assurance) 3) I had been watching the TV, I have been watching 2) 'The' - J* y N- --.
3) She shall see me only in the forenoons = the TV N-J---. 3) -- lesson have been J* N-J
l-- v o -- -yA, - . I have been watching the TV ----*
: 1) 'an egg' , 'the egg' C -s-
-L. (c)
4) She shall see you only in the forenoons =
p---/ O h-o, E. -- TV
l NtLo ---C. Eo-d C. - egg, egg h-o E.
(Assurance) n 'an egg' . eg: There is an egg on the I had been watching the TV (past) -
5) It shall not be lost or damaged. plate. (Plate () f C. \ f E v --E-- J-T-
(C -, *--- Warning - n -o d an egg. had been + ing.
a-J) - f E p--p the egg . He ate the egg I had been watching the TV when he came in =
6) It shall not be, sir =
on the plate. \ plateE egg ( egg? ques- ap TV h o. a
- -. (Assurance)
j six sentences
shall you, he, she, it, tion - the egg on the plate answer hC d) the --O v-G* a-- h o
they O-L-y--E, a-J y--E egg . The egg on the plate is for Ramesh. (PlateE E. -u EE J* p--p had been
. egg -). eg: An umbrella is useful in rain ( j- watching (had been + ing) verb from .
I [- 15 d 2005

PRONUNCIATION GUIDE Tara: u [--E v-

Countable singulars ] p article
Ao-h.
Chandra: y-p[
'a'
L. -u.
a book, a pen, etc.
--E .
Tara: -u -.
\[ 'a' pronunciation- ]. , \[ # p[ -
\[ J-]. \[ article 'a' pro-
e --?
nounce -Lq N] L h ' '. C Chandra: ] C (p-)
----C. d 'a ---.
book' =
2) Basheer: \[ p-[[?
'a pen' = etc.
Roshan:
about, above - ab- combinations ] D--C p-
Basheer: I shall be a little late. But you
e
a --Eo- 'a' E ' ' ( ) \[ [. E: y p L. D u
Basheer: ] ]---- . (D = That too) shall make every thing ready by
l --. 10.30 AM
about = ( \ -L) ].
x v L. v: y p-] #a-
Roshan: indefinite
(\[ I shall be)
d
above = ( \ -L) ].
p- v-C. h. O j v---
Basheer: h -u h- -? Roshan: What about refreshments for
. y v ] (y p-] = if you insist, insist = them?

Ux ]... Tx!
10.30 ]l L. N O] d-]- [[. p Basheer: Ameer shall take care of them.
3) Karim: You shall attend Namaz on Friday.

Roshan: ax Jv--q x-E d--[--o[ He insists on Kowser: I am new to this place/I am a

() -? going now) stranger here. Which Masjid
Basheer: N O -- E: v 4.15 v L. (Mosque) shall we go to?
[. (take care [) v: . Karim: There is one nearby. We shall go
3) Karim: y v- - L. to it. You shall come here at
Kowser: F J h. 12.30 PM. You shall not be late.
? (=Masjid or Kowser: I won't (will not) be late. Shall I
Mosque) bring along my friend?

x 33
Karim: \- ]_-- C. Karim: Don't you know that much?
What shall we discuss at the meeting? E. uo 12.30 According to the Koran you shall
bring to prayer as many as pos-

Ny-\- L. u --
-- l- syllables . sible.
Answers:
[].
sentence ]'sen' syllable, tence Kowser: u . v 4) Priya: What shall we discuss at the
syllable -C. sentence C B-- 1) Chandra: I will be (I'll be) here tomorrow. meeting?
two syllables - o. ? My brother shall also be here. Janani: We shall/ We will/ Let us discuss
English (Tx Ux ]) -- Karim: v Tara: When shall I see you (meet the arrangements for the college
L-p[ - M? you) tomorrow, then? day next week.
E syllable N syllables Chandra: You shall come as early as Priya: Do you want me to come?/
\ \----. Eo stress v - possible. Your brother shall Shall I come?
. DEo dictionary ' h y - CE O- come too. You shall not be late. Janani: You shall come. That too, on
h. Tara: I'll (I will) try my best not to be time/ without being late.
' -
eg. English- English lEo \ -CE B-- M. SURESAN late. Priya: If you insist, I will come. Will the
---o-. Chandra: You are always late. Come meeting being on time.
a'bove - \[ b syllable
-L.
( v = According to early tomorrow at least. Janani: It shall at 4.15 PM.
\ stress Eo \ -L. the Koran) Tara: I will not be (won't be) late, I Priya: OK.
C u- Tx- practice . assure you. When shall we

O !
4) v: O- Jal? start from here?
1) Chandra: \[ (p) . (Ja-[ = discuss, meeting Chandra: We will start at 10 AM.
v] (p) [. = at the meeting)
Tara: Eo-p[ ---? E: a college day px 2) Basheer: When will Sharook be here? p Tx O
Chandra: F y O- Jal. Roshan: He shall be here at 10.10AM.
p Tx, vA\, [,
y L. O o (college day px = arrange- Basheer: The shooting shall begin at 11
>[, j]82
L. y u -- ment for the college day) AM.
# a.
Roshan: It shall (begin).
[]. v: o t-? email: pratibha@ eenadu.net

vo: Tx {vF -Lq - N English you, singular (y), p- J -) J# -o vo: I wish I had joined the Army.
N? plural (O). verb N- you sentences Past actions
N. j G I wish I joined Army.
V, E y p[ plural verb v L. p[Past Doing Word hC. j j [ ux C ]-s
: English-Telugu dictionary 'How are you?' (you p[ plu-
ral verb) 'I am fine' [ [.
u
forms
Regular actions
d.
d verb L? ]u N?
--- Telugu-English dictionary
vo: See, Watch ]u N?
, q-d-
---. , NJ- O - --E 'Are you
fine?' . 'How are you?', 'Are you
: 'I wish I joined the army'
- English - I see movie. p[ Army J -
OK?' [. I watch movie
L_ --. English x---p[
vo: Present Perfect Tense --p[
C E.
---[-C. . C d?Eg. n 'I wish I had joined the army!
vo: You, He, She N singular forms. EJl-d time/ period p !
O
N? Eg., Ex. C d.
-[, x
Army J
Singulars L-- ]
:
-C E.
verb singular L. F
I have coffee in the morning.
My mother has breakfast at 8 AM.
I see movies, I watch movies vo: Have been, has been, had been
W x How are you, [ d. am seeing/ is seeing/ - u ]-
Are you fine? . O are
E -d? are seeing [ d, E ] am sx --T-h? Have, has,
>. y, C-- watching/ is watching/ are watching had tensex [-?
: I have coffee in the morning.
] [-?
N, N--- L. . --, . -y--,
: English singular form of the My mother has breakfast at 8 AM. e.g.- C for example (---) --Lx
verb -LqC Eo singular subjects
sentences past actions
( J-T -) J# ]-
E abbreviation.
e.g.- C d. ex d ]. C exer-
: p Tx Lessons
]. III person- singular subjects x[C. Regular actions (v cise abbreviation.
have been, has been, have, has --
v singular verbs [. NJ. [.
I --- --- 17 -d 2005
Prasad: Pranav, When shall I see you disappointed if you don't get a
again? seat in medicine.
(-v--, Sx Eo-p --?) (F medicine seat -
Pranav: Will you meet me tomorrow at 4? E----)
( -T- ---?) Sumanth: My teachers (they) will be sad too
Prasad: Where shall I meet you ? if I don't make it to medicine .
(\ --?) ( medicine ---
Pranav: Will you come to LB Park? I will teachers ---)
meet you there. Dad: You will be happy to know that I
(LB Park h ? \ Eo am going to buy a bike for you.
---.) (F bike oE Lh y
Prasad: Will Pratap come with you too ----)
(v F h?) Sumanth: Really, dad? I shall be grateful to Anjali: p-. F - C. Sukumar: --o ?
Pranav : Of course, will you bring along your you for this. (you begin ) 3) Bhanu: -\ p--?
friends too? (E-? %-Vc-E) o -- p. Bhaskar: y -\ C---x L.
(-h-, O friends j : Happy, sad, disappointed, Ankita: -y t -UL. Uh? late --.
Bh) grateful - feelings uh--- -, (you . t U- = draw) Bhanu: 10 K ?
(bring along = B--) I/We shall; you, he, she, it, and, they Anjali: p U? Bhaskar: Meeting ----x begin
L. E arrangements

We shall be disappointed
, L. y
x supervise L.
Answers:
1) Anjali: Shall we go to a movie this
evening?
Ankita: When shall I complete my assign-
I shall be happy to meet them. Ankita: 12 -- ment?
(x ---- d ). v-G- Anjali: Will you come, or won't you?
Will they come? Will your sister l? Ankita: Then will you help me to com-
come too?
(x -h? O sister h-o) -x--- 34 Anjali: lunch
p l?
plete my assignment?
Anjali: Certainly, you shall have my help.
Prasad: Of course. I'll (I will) bring them Ankita: - F What do you want me to do? /
along. will ---. ( I/We Will -F, you, he, lunch p? What shall I do for you?
(p-, x B--h). she, it and they shall -F, , -- uo 2 M. SURESAN Ankita: You shall draw these pictures.
j -- -E- Questions , --n- p--E ) K Will you?
shall and will --. Questions p- late - -- Anjali: When shall I draw them?
C d : Ankita: Shall we begin at 12 noon?
I/We shall; you, he, she, it and they ?(K late = too late )
(will and shall -- Eo o. Anjali: When shall we have lunch, then?
will v h. ( I/ We will -F, 2) Sukumar: V-- \?
you, he, she, it and they shall -F ).
u formal, informal spoken English Ankita: When is your lunch, usually? will
Sunil: h-E-\ V?
eg: a) When shall I see you?
u-i-N. N -y- --.) 2 O' clock be too late for you?
b) Will you meet me? 2) Sukumar: Won't you (will you not) stay
Subjects Shall Will here for another two days?
c) Where shall I meet you?
d) Will you come? 1. Indefinite future 1. Determination Sunil: What shall I do here for two more
e) Will Pratap (he) come? I, We (E-Pa N-uh) (Eg) days?
f) Will they come? 2. Feelings & emotions 2. Intention (l) Sukumar: We shall/ will go sightseeing
g) Will your sister (she) come? (, --, -n-) 3. Promise here.
-u , -n-AE --L - 3. Questions (vo) ( y-) Sunil: You have already shown me all the
I / We shall; you, he, she, it
-p sights here.
and they will -. 1. Definite happens 1. Indefinite future Sukumar: There are still two or three
You, he, she,
Dad: Sumanth, this time I expect you (*a- ---- N-) (E-Pa N-uh) more places to be seen. We
it and they
to score better than last time. 2. Orders & Commands (c) 2. Feelings & emotions shall go there.
3. Warnings (a-J-) (, -- -n-) Sunil: Won't one day (will not one day) be
(J ---- \ Speaker enough?
\ -\ -h----o) 4. Assurances (O) 3. Questions (vo)
(x-- a) 5. Promises ( y-) Sukumar: Will you then stay here for
Sumanth: Sure, dad. I will do my best to get
atleast oneday?
100%
3) Bhanu: When shall I be here tomorrow?
(-p-. ---- -\-- - p CE English practice . Sukumar: -\ N h. Bhaskar: You shall be here at 10. You
-a- - ---h- %--h.)
O-j- shall/ will . shall not be late.
Dad: I shall be happy to see you get it. ( v- N, %u
1) Anjali: v E- ------? = sight seeing, go sight- Bhanu: Won't 10 be (will not 10 be) too
(y a- ---) early?
Sumanth: Why you alone dad? Mother Ankita: assignment p com- seeing E .)
plete ? Sunil: -Fo -p- -- - -! Bhaskar: The meeting shall begin at 11
(she) will be happy too.
Anjali: y h? ? AM Sharp. (Sharp= -d)
(O-\ o-, t Sukumar: y -Lq-N -
Ankita: assignment complete Balu and Babu shall make all
----C) v---o. \- ---. arrangements. You shall super-
Dad: We (your mother and I) shall be --E y ---? Sunil: V ?
vise them.

vo: 1) All the glitters is not gold --o. - ? Everyone, subject --p C not meet the CM. j-- Rx CM -
E--E All the glitters are not gold --L ? singular . -E verb singular ---).
2) Sweet are the uses of adversity. DE L. -x All that glitters is not gold 4) '-u priesthood -a.
Sweet is the uses of adversity E L is d. -u, priesthood Jh -n-Eo --y-. -
. 2) Sweet are the uses of the adversity- sentence -u --u--, priesthood --u-- --
3) Taking a stick, he beat the dog. d. Word order 'The uses of adversity are - --d.
Having taken a stick he beat the dog. sweet' -C. (Sweet are these fruits E poet- 5)a) He has been appointed by the DEO- DEO
j u- N? ic N-y . prose order/ con- -E--N---f- DEO -E appoint
4) --u -%AhE -Tx- -? versation , These fruits are sweet -- --C. \ has been appointed
5) He has been appointed by DEO ). The uses of adversities are sweet o- J-T-- EE -L--h-C.
He is appointed by DEO p subject C? The uses ? C plural, - b) He is appointed by the DEO- \ verb, 'is
- u- N p---. E verb are. appointed' --C regular action, passive voice -
3) Taking a stick, he beat the dog - v BE \ --E ( Job E- -E) DEO
:
.-.-,
d- -E. Having taken a stick, he beat the dog appoint h. --E /--p- --E.
1) sentence- verb subject d n v--a-o y , \ d (a: A lecturer is appointed by the commit-
C? Sentence No.1 'all' sentence d . j n tee lecturer committee x appoint
everything, every one of - vAD n (a: Having gone to Hyderabad, he could h - E/--p E.
I --- --v- 19 -d 2005
Namitha: Hi Namrata, What brings you a/an oN a/an EN
here?
a book advice
(- --v-, a) an interview business
C --J O conversation a friend work
Namratha: I want a book from you, and
an hour
advice from your father
a meeting
( F _--* h L. \ a/an book, interview,
O o-J L) friends, hour, meeting- OE countables
Namitha: What book?
. , , , 10, 20
Namratha: The book, 'How to face
E \--d--L-T-N.
Interviews'. I am attending an
book - one book, three books etc.
interview the day after. friend - one friend, two friends etc. 4) 'A' p? 'An' p? 2. Anil: O x TV ?
(How to face Interviews hour - one hour, three hours etc. -- Lesson N-J-*--x , Amar: vo? Vx TV E
h L . x meeting - one meeting, two meetings, , , , , , , , , , l- v x ?
Interview attend yL) etc. jFo countables.
Namitha: And what do you want my dad's
u English -- 'An' . ( Vx nowadays)
uncountables. \--d--EN. N l- v u Anil: v---J TV --?
advice? eg: Water - one water, two waters -

A, An --Lq-!
'a' . Ant (\ 'a' * l (... you mean )
( o-J ?) . , sugar, rice, milk, etc. Fo 'an') Amar: l C-. u---A
Namratha: I have got interview calls for numbers p. d N
admission in MBA in two col-
a) An Ant, An abode (); x--J TV C.
uncountables.
leges- Potti Sreeramulu
College, and Prakasam School
of Management. I want to know
from your dad which is the bet-
ter
(MBA --E col-
leges * interview letters
a. C * O o an arm, an egg();
--J-E --T ----E). An Indian (); 3. Kumar: \- _- j school
Namitha: Congrats. All the best. But my
An ox, an idea () etc. ?
dad is out on business. He's
(=He has) gone out to call on a
-x--- 35 an honour ();
an hour () etc
Karim: \ schools o.
Kumar: s * school
friend. b) a Tree, a Book etc L.
( o- E-O - -C---E v-h follow . University - () Karim: schools *.
}, friend - 1) English countables v plu- Kumar: O - school suggest
rals .
d a University M. SURESAN
--E). European - () (*-) h?
(call on= uhE - The PM ( v singular, d a European Answers:
called on the President yesterday). \ plural) N: A , An C 1. Suman: I want to see a good doctor.
Namratha: When will he be back? Singular Plural Suresh: I know a good doctor (around)
Countable Singular a d
(p AJ--h?) book books C. here.
Namitha: In an hour perhaps. pen pens (here E d. Around here \-
eg: a question - an important question
man men _- C conversational. --x
( ) a story - an uninteresting story
Namratha: I have work at home. Will he be child children
an idea - a useless idea .)
at home this evening? sheep (v) sheep (v) Suman: Does he charge high?/ Does he
a boy - an honest boy
2) uncountables \--d--EN. O plural charge a high fee?/ Does he
(x C. v 5) Uncountables A/an p .
x ?) . a Water, a milk ! charge high fees?/ Are his fees
Namitha: He has a meeting to attend. (milks, golds, silvers . milk, high?/ Is his fee high?/ Is he
gold, silver N uncountables d O
n -E English x---p
(- meeting C). h----Lq N-: expensive?
Namratha: Then I will see him tomorrow plural . Suresh: Yes. He does.
a) countables v singular, plural
morning 3) Very very important: English counta- (He charges high)
ble singular \ E- *a-

( -Eo --- h). b) countable singular A/ an - Suman: How much does he charge?
j -- underlined words 'a' F 'an' F L. Suresh: A hundred rupees the first time.
a) A cow (cow - countable singular) gives
Lq
? x Eo-- 'a' or 'an' c) Uncountables Plural (hundred, thousand, lakh, crore, million,
milk ( hC) etc - Fo countable singulars. d
o. --JEo- -. d) Uncountable A/ an .
b) An umbrella (umbrella- countable sin- O- p- 'a' L.
n ---Lq important
vo: Weak verbs, Strong verbs N? gular) is in that corner (
points:
132 = A hundred and thirty two.
C) 1500= A thousand and five hundred.
OE a-- p-E-? --- c) A watch (watch - countable singular) Uncountable , E plural
bank notes v 'A' one h)
---- N-J---.
shows the time , E- A/ an . Suman: OK. That's enough. I am all right. I
: '-ed', '-d', '-t' a
u, o, t-
(Watch Time -hC) (Dictionary --o \ (C) F,
don't need a doctor now/ any
, \ Countable singular (U) F C. (C) countable, (U)
x past tense, past participle more.
*a E- p 'a' 'an' -- uncountable. Eod Eg---- 2) Anil: Have you a TV at home?
p verbs weak verbs L. 'A/ an' h, E)
. O Regular verbs . - p. Amar: What a question! Is there a home
E . d) A doctor treats patients C u- English practice . without a TV nowadays?
(d - ju h Treat - eg:
eg: Present - Past - Past Anil: Do you mean that all people have
ju Treatment - ju) Ram: Fan hC?
Participle TVs?
A / an - ' E n. (What does a fan do?)
1. talk - talked - talked (Do you mean, - C practice
English A / an x - Ramana: L-E-hC.
2. love - loved - loved . n F l-?/ n? E.
3. smell - smelt - smelt . English A cow gives milk (It gives air)
What do you mean? - F n, F l
L-C j verbs verbs Eo-E d. Ram: \- fan d.
(Please fix a fan here).
N?)
'-ed', '-d' or '-t' a y past tense, o - , '--L-hC Amar: I do not mean that. All middle
past participle form N weak/ regular 1. Suman: * doctor ---
F, ' L-hC . class people have TVs.
verbs. N -L-y-? --o. 3) Kumar: Is there a school near/ around
Strong verbs irregular verbs E Suresh: \- * doctor .
' { -----C here?
. N past tense, past participle, weak Suman: \ fees B--?
F, { -----C Karim: There are two schools.
verbs , verb form p p- . English x---p Countable (fees N B-- = charge)
Kumar: I want a good school for my
Singulars a / an omit h. C Suresh: \ B--.
-. son?
eg: Present - Past - Past Participle Suman: B--?
J-. Karim: Both the schools are equally
1. Sing - sang - sung S} h--. English Countable Suresh: --- --J. good.
2. Know - knew - known Singulars a / an . L. Suman: . o. Kumar: Which school do you suggest?
3. do - did - done -- p doctor - .
verbs strong verbs.
I --- --C- 21 -d 2005

(-- -- C: Countable Krishna: . F-o ?

Singulars A/ an . Kesav: L. h (Quire)
Uncountables plural . - Krishna: h.
A/an ). 3) Brahmam: ---N ---vT
Gowtham: Hi Gowri, What news? B---C. N-
Gowri: Certainly I have news for you l .
(F h pL) Vishnu: OK y . -
Gowtham: Out with it please urgent
( p) o.
Out with it. p. C O ANSWERS:
conversations practice
1) Purnima: I want/ need advice a) Advice. a piece of advice -a. A few Tatas u---o.
Gowri: I have information. Tomorrow's
(an advice). pieces of advice E -a. The Tatas have a number of lines of
exam has been put off until next
Preethi: What about? Eg: 1) Let me give you advice/ Let me business.
Thursday)
(E J*, E N?) give you a piece of advice.
( exam a - -- 'What about' spoken English
O u?
2) I want a piece of advice from you.
--x - CC) --- expression. - - = What's your business? what is your
3) He had two or three pieces of
Put off = . line?
. advice for students in his speech.
Gowtham: That's good news. Thank you business shop/ company n
Purnima: I want to do business b) bread. C p Uncountable.
(C * h). (a business ). 'breads'E plural . C. p-C countable.
a) - stationary shop C.

a lot of.. some

He has a stationary business.
b) x d F C.
They have a cloth business.
(very important: j pFo spoken
Gowri: That's from the horse's mouth, English u-i -s-. j -
bakery
you know B--d Englisha, C
C. loaf
[C ( h) - -x _-- *
-x--- 36
a-a).
of bread.
*aC.Horse's mouth = ----C j p uncountable Eo,
(A loaf of
p--L-T x h. Municipal polls date \- E p--E a lot of, -E
bread or
u-vA v-h C, from the horse's Preethi: What business? some -a.
three
mouth; college Principal v-h 2) Krishna: I want to have a bath/ I feel like
loaves of M. SURESAN A lot of/ some advice, bread, business,
C from horse's mouth]. having a bath. I want soap.
bread. information, news etc.
Gowtham: OK. I have work. I am off. (a soap ?)
milk a litre/ 2 or 3 litres of Now practice the following conversation
(
C. h.) Kesav: Are you going out?
milk) bread slices A in English:
I'm (I am) off= -ho. Krishna: Yes, Do you want anything?
Govind: What did you have for break- a) Sandhya:
Conversation . Kesav: I want paper. A Quire F Vd !
fast?
\ . news, information, (Papers ?) {u C.
work A/ An --, news, Krishna: I'll (= I will) get it. (Break Fast Ao) ({u--=envy)
information, workN English uncount- 3) Brahmam: That old woman is carrying a Gopal: I had two slices of bread and
Swathi: soap . 'Darksilk'
ables. O plurals . O- A/ lot of luggage. Let us help omlet
shampoo -. C
An . her. c) Business - n 1) E 2) u, * Vd ---E ---
h -*-: - j E (a Luggage/ many luggages ). n- x Business
Vishnu: OK. Let's hurry up. I have two or uncountable. ( A busi-
C.
countables news (h/
three urgent jobs attend to. Sandhya: Eo s .
h) information (-- ); ness/ businesses )
work (E/ ). h--. News, (a work/ works ?) Seenu: Hi, long since we met. what are
L .
information, work- uncountables. - -E- . j- Plural you and where are you? Swathi: s
A/ An -. plurals -. . A/ An -. - English ( Q, -C. b) Pramod: Hi Prasanth, h-- -
Eo uncountables... advice, bread, busi- usage Fo uncountables. o?
h-o (u)? \
ness, furniture, luggage, paper, soap. Uncountables - hair (Vd). Prasanth: u v-G----
o?)
hairs (v- n)
News, information, work Fo Srikanth: I am doing business o.
English
uncountables- - A/ An . (u ho) Pramod: u? (Line )
O plurals. J conversations OE * Vd C.
Seenu: What Business? Prasanth: u- Eg----
She has fine dark / luxuriant hair.
uncountables - --L. ( u?)
Vd x _ - C. .
a) F -h = good news for you/ Srikanth: I have two or three lines
She has black smooth hair. C) Vikram: Breakfast B--o?
I have good news for you (
(A Hair/ Hairs ) u- Vikranth: v, x
(A good news/ I have a Business
p--- Eo Uncountables -. u p-, Vikram: v B--o?
good news for you ) lines of business . -F
Eo- Specific (Eo E) Vikranth: slices, .
b) letter u-i - C. p ----o. Businesses )
= The letters has important information.
(... has an important information -)
Advice, advise .. C d? vo: Princess -E
c) u-i E C = Apostrophe 's' E a-
Advice, advise C d vo -C ---o. N L? Princess's ring
I have urgent work.
Advice . He gives advice - * h. E -a? v qE
(I have an urgent work ). Her advice is always good - p -C. N- L-----.
CE English practice . Advise= y C verb .-E-, y-, t >x.
1) Purnima : L.
Preethi : E J*?
NvA B---E F h-o= I advise you to take rest.
dx NvA B---Lq-C h-o = :
Purnima: u -- -- Doctors advise her to take rest. Princess Apostrophe s =
DE English p: -J y Princess's. Princess's ring d. -
o. - lesson L. '\
Ans: a) I don't give advice to anybody b) I don't advise anybody
Preethi: u?
j ---E -a --- -u a) advice= n Apostrophe s v o ,
2) Krishna: o -E --C.
- -u b) advise = y. - v . v-E -
s L. Advise: present tense - advise; past tense and past participle = advised. --i . - of
Kesav: y --- ---o? He, She it subjects advises. . Eg: The Pages of the book.
I --- --- 23 -d 2005
Vinod: When did you get the letter? What's Vittal: Why are you in such a hurry?
the news? ( -?)
( --*aC? -?) Vikram: I have two or three urgent jobs to
Vijai: Important news. My uncle is moving do before 3 in the afternoon.
into his new home by the month end. ( uo
He has given me an important job to Lq C.)
do. Vittal: I have a job to do too. Mom wants
(u-i h. - me to take her shopping.
-J h --o. ( E C. t
u-i E p--p.) B--xC.)
Vinod: What is it? (C?) Soap uncountable. Eo-
Vijai: I have to buy furniture here and send u p- _--o.
it to him. Kiran: How much soap do you use a Practice the following aloud in English:
(\ Jo- E - -L.) month? -F ----L-h-o,
1) Madan: s -t?
Vinod: How much? ( O s -?) C ?
I am giving you a hundred rupees. Will (Mom )
(? - furniture uncountable) Kashyap: Depends. In summer at least 5 to
that do? Mother: v-V h s B-
Vijai: It's a tall order. At least 8 to 9 items. 6 cakes of soap. In winter, two
( \. F E-NC, NtC or three. C . - \ L. o. C -?
h-) (-N - s Gx, That will not (won't) do. I need more Madan: ---C. p s
(tall order= \. -j --- Q- .) than that. L.
* E \ --E a tall order . O
conversation DEo practice .)
- -E-. furniture
uncountable E ---o
? furniture specific u
p- an item/ items of; a piece/ pieces
of furniture -a. An item/ items of fur-
niture C shops , official language
a piece of/ pieces.. Hemanth: You waste a
. con- Mother:
lot of paper.
versational a piece of/ pieces of
s K \ --o.
-x--- 37
furniture . (y t -C vh!
Madan: \ s -.
Customer: I want some furniture. % h.) Mother: -h C. Vx
Shop keeper: What are the items, Sir, and Hari: Let me have just
how many? shop C. one sheet. I am in
s --d-.
2) Prasanth: y - Eo- -
Customer: Just a few items a cake/ cakes of soap a hurry
business language item
-?(when ... go to bed
\ d let me
x L --E ( y. M. SURESAN ).
(= h) -o. have soap/ a piece of soap/ some soap - o.) Pramod: - vA 10. F
Ramana: Look at that sofa there and the . (pronunciation- cake = ) --E, printing V u
dining table. news, information N. paper p uncountable. o.
( , jE ) a piece of good/ bad news; n papers E-F, a paper E-F . u-i --o.
Raghav: Yes, what about them? a piece of information/ some pieces of u-- --- a sheet of/ N y -.
(, N?) information - C. sheets of paper; Prasanth: -x? x
Ramana: Those two pieces of furniture a) He has leaked out an important piece of a slip of/ slips of paper; u-i E C?
have been with us for the past information. a piece of paper/ pieces of paper . B--o. j--
twenty years. Fo Spoken English v-h---Lq L. T-
(u-i - ---d.) *o-*o .
( _ 20 x o.) b) A piece of news is missing in this letter. B--o.
- business/ official p- T- % . Pramod: N ?
informal d a piece of /
( - - .) He has already wasted four sheets of
Hari: I want paper. Have you any? Answers:
pieces of furniture . paper.
1) Madan: I want soap/ some soap, mom.
-- Vijai o? ( L. F _-?) v T \ O
Mother: You took a new cake of soap
He has given me an important job to do Hemanth: I have only two sheets. -a.
He has written his address on a slip of just two days ago. Have you
E . 'work' uncountable. -E - ( _ x v o.)
paper and given it to me. done with it?
E/ E p--E job/ jobs Hari: One sheet will do for me.
v C. \ T \ (have done with = h
-a. (Job n u. ( .) . C conversational. 'Have you used it
job E = work n C. will do = . C conversational.
The floor is clean, not a piece of paper up?' bookish.
-a. F C u-
'work' uncountable; 'job' countable.) O spoken English ' - . anywhere. 'Have you used it up?'
-J- E
spoken form- Have you done with it?/ Are
vo: 1) Suneetha is like her sister p ? E O (Past Participle) use
. - you done with it.
Suneetha looks like her sister Madan: Yes, mom. I am done with it. I
: She has gone out just a minute ago. \ just
L ! a? - . X, j--
2) Ramu and his brother alike in appearance want soap now.
Ramu and his brother are
u p ! a minute ago p n B---F, Mother: You are using too much of soap,
alike in appearance E L ? j p-x . just x n boy. It dries up your skin, be
hC. American usage p--p careful.
: 1) Suneetha is like her sister,
. \--,
complete - Past Doing Word Madan: I use very little soap.
Suneetha looks like her sister - (past simple) . Mother: I know. That's why you have
y n- correct. He has gone out just a minute ago. used up a whole cake in just four
Suneetha is like her sister. \just has gone out-
vu d days.
F d C L-, better, British usage v. 2) Prasanth: When do you go to bed usual-
time
v h---L. past
p ly?
x, -- E.
action Past Doing Word correct. (go to bed = sleep =
vo: Tx
Suneetha looks like her sister.
p - Ev v-N-,
'could' 'mould'
E ' E, E 'f E EvC- !)
Dn \ L- v (--E). --? C Tx- ? Pramod: Usually at 10. I shall be late
2) Ramu and his brother are alike in their
today. I have two or three jobs
: English pronunciation system o x
appearance are
C d. verb
- . B--f, N--
to do. I will go to bed only after

vo:
. d d . - h. English finishing them.
He went out an hour ago.
pronunciation E origin d C. Prasanth: Shall I go then? I have impor-
went
\ L- d O E E -Eo-d. C a English , tant work at home too. Shall I
use Went (Past doing
E p. * *a Eo d take some paper? I have an
word) d. J C. d Dictionery E pronunciation assignment to do. I am taking
She has gone out just a minute ago. -- _. -? vo four sheets.
has gone
u L-. F - -. Pramod: Will that (they) do?
I --- - 25 -d 2005

Jagadeesh: I came for you yesterday. You verbs verb form: was + ing / Were
were out. + ing.
(Eo F a. Singular subjects (I, he, she, it, they)
Nyx ) was + ing . Plural subjects (we, you,
You were out = y x . they) were + ing -C.
Were you in? = Nyx -o? (English you = y / O; n
. in, out, be forms *o- C plural verb )
conversation --a. *o- Was + ing / were + ing form verb, past
*o --i - spoken english x-- continuous tense C.
C - E-hC. *o -- C sentences .
Eo - --- conversation a) -L *a--p h -- While the teacher was teaching the
Pradeep: TV hC.
u. o = I was reading a book when he pupils were talking
Jayanth: I was at Sekhar's. I was playing Pratap: hoE O--J L-
came in. u teacher teach , x
chess with him. b)
?
- *a--p - C = x- Continuous past Pradeep: h-o-E . F
( Rxx o. - The sun was shining when we went out. actions ! -E was + ing / were + ing.
--o) E s B--h-ox
L-.

You were out

ANSWERS:

a) I saw her when she was going out.

b) He was studying while she was cooking.
c) Venkat: What were you doing when all
this happen?
Vinai: I was reading the newspaper.
Sekhar's
; Sekhar's home,
---x p Venkat: Didn't you (Did you not)
'while' . observe the watch on the
Sekhar's place Lq E-
Jagadeesh: On my way home I saw your -x--- 38 while
She was singing
her students
table?
father and his friend. They Vinai: I've (I have) told you/ I told you,
were dancing I was reading the newspaper.
were taking a walk. c) Warden L-*ap x (pupils) ( --o- Venkat: He stole the watch while you
( -x J O o-, ----o = The pupils were study- M. SURESAN
p Nu-n were reading the newspaper.
o-o . x -h-o) ing when the Warden came in. dance h-o)
Jayanth: Why did you come for me? d) Pradeep: I was studying while they were
d) Eo { h C = It was rain- What were you doing when he knocked playing
( --a?) ing the whole of yesterday. at the door?
Jagadeesh: I was just going this way. I Pratap: What was your mother doing?
e) l l NE--*--p -ho =
thought of seeing you. Nothing
( d--p y h-o?) Pradeep: She was watching the TV
I was having my meal when I heard that \ h-o continuous past
special. Pratap: Didn't (Did not) any of you
noise. action d 'were you doing?'
( J h-o. Eo l--- know that he was coming?
-E- j ux - The boy jumped from the bus while it Pradeep: We knew that he was coming,
o. vu--i l- ) o - (Continuous actions in the past- was moving
Jayanth: Weren't (were not) my brother but we didn't know he was
actions over a duration in the past) was + ing
and sister at home when you
(q --o-p -) bringing money.
/ were + ing form h. Now, Practice the following in English
called? Important: -u C verbs
(y *a--p brother, sister
j x (-sEo d Eo verb forms ) was + ing/ were + ing form .
a) -L *a--p h -- a) - -o-p - C verbs . Was see-
x ?) - continuing past action d
call = -, call at = -- x.
. ing/ were seeing; was noticing/ were notic-
was reading (was + ing)
Eo O -a = I called at your place b) --- hC. ing; (h- J*)was smelling/ were
b) - *a--p
yesterday. c) Venkat: J-T--p y h- smelling; was believing/ were believing; was
continuing action in the past, d was
C spoken english expression. shining (was + ing)
o? knowing/ were knowing; was understanding/
practice. Vinai: news paper ---o. were understanding; was wanting/ were
c) warden -L--*a--p x (pupils)
He often calls at his uncle's = Venkat: Table Oo watch E -E-- wanting; was loving/ were loving; was hating/
--- - a continuous past action
x uncle - - d were studying (were + ing)
? were hating; was containing/ were contain-
Jagadeesh: They were, of course. They Vinai: p news paper - ing; was consisting/ were consisting; was
d) { Eo --- C
were watching the T.V. a continuing past action d was rain- --o possessing/ were possessing etc. O-Eo
j -- verbs -E-. ing (was +ing) Venkat: y news paper ---o- - past doing words.
Verbs Forms e) - -h-- a continuing past action p watch T-L-. eg: He loved her.
1. Was playing - was +...ing d was having (was + ing) (T-L- = steal) (He was loving her )
2. Were taking - were+... ing C- . d) Pradeep: --- --p -x She understood his point.
3. Was going - was+... ing Teacher h--p x x-- ---o. (She was understanding his point
4. Were watching - were+...ing --o Pratap: O t- h-o? ) N--- .

vo: 1) I am having lunch vo: Present perfect tense, present perfect ( ~ t Present perfect - p---, Present
2) They are having juice continuous tense u N? perfect continuous - p-o ). O
3) She is having a bath They have been living here for 10 years, -- \ -- p-a. --
4) He is having a lesson They have lived here for 10 years. N- lessons O J* Ja--o.
O N d, N . N-J---. J---. b) They have been living here for 10 years -
.N.---- -, t---, x- --, ---, 10 x \ -o p-

: O u- am : a) Present Perfect tense -

>x N--- >x \ o
They have lived here for 10 years -
having lunch, are having juice, is having v--i--p--- J-T - 10 x x \ o. p--- o.
a bath d. 'He is having a lesson' is . Present Perfect Continuous p--o, N
having a lesson d . 'He has a les- Tense - v-i Sentence -p.
son' better. --o - .
I --- --C- 28 -d 2005

Bharat: You were reading a book yester- 11. ours C

day. Whose book was that? 12. their J, x
(Eo y h ---o. 13. theirs JC, xC, JN, xN
C J h?) j -Fo -J C---E
Bhargav: My book of course. I lent you a (Possessions) --. English
book last week. I want it back this u spoken english simple ,
evening. If your assignment is
--E O --- u.
complete, let me have it. It is not
Prakash: Whose idea is this?
mine.
(C J idea?)
( h-. - F h Prasad: My idea. Why? Is it not so good
a. v C L. as your idea?
E F E - a. C ( idea. ? F idea ?)
C ) Prakash: It is certainly better than my idea. a) C J h? = whose book is this? Kasim: F bike B--x?
(Lent - Lend Past doing word. Lend-
Only, I thought it was your dad's -N-, Krishna: C C . C bike.
-N-y) (his) idea. h -JC? = Whose is this book? D, D .
Bharat: Not yours? Whose is it then? b) I) C h= That is my book
(. idea o C. C C.
(FC ? --JC?) C O o-J idea - ii) h C = That book is mine
Bhargav: I got it from Ramu. It is his book. c) i) C F = This is your advice
3) Avinash: x S h-o? C
This note book is his too.
o)
Prakash: No. My mom thinks better than ii) F? = Is this advice yours? OC ?
(C _ * B-- Alankar: C .
o. C E h-. note

Whose is it?
book -E)
Bharat: I attended your sister's dance
programme the other day. It was
really good. Who is her dance
teacher?
(V O sister u v-z
. C. dance
d) i) C (\) Avinash:
teacher ?) -JC?
Bhargav: Our family friend Mrs. Nrityasri.
<? = Is this her Alankar: Uncle C
The Choreography was com-
pletely hers. The Singer is also a
-x--- 39 sari?
ii) < C =
Avinash: - C xC?
Alankar: x Grand father's time *
friend of ours. This sari is not hers
my dad. It is her idea. e) i) teacher =
x.
(N family friend. %u 4) Prameela: Eo J necklace C?
z-y (Choreography)
(. o t She is our teacher
(Pronunciation J--v)
-*-hC. C idea) ii) p C M. SURESAN
O d a--?
N-. --N friend) Prasad: Any way, it is for our good. Their -C? = How x? (d: relatives)
Bharat: Does Mrs. Nrityasri run a school? interest is our success. is this fault ours? Laxmi: C x-C-. x -Fo v
f) i) C watch = This is his watch
( \ --?) (--, C * . o.
run -/Ey-- x-\---C N-) ii) watch -C ? = Isn't (Is not) ANSWERS:
Bhargav: Yes, She and her husband. Their Prakash: OK, then. When shall we begin?
this watch his?
1) Is this your car? / Is this car yours? where
school is famous. Some of great (, p v-Gl?) g) i) C x h = This is their property
movie dancers were students of Prasad: Depends on money. Its availabili- are its keys?
ii) C x h -C? = How is
theirs. ty is everything. 2) Kasim: Who came yesterday? / Who
this property theirs?
( s O -- C. was it that came yesterday?
(. , h - h) i) x.. J-- d
= I like the
--o. o school. E--xE E availability (u) ) Krishna: My friend / A friend of mine
house and its surroundings
p dancers -C x j ---E possessives C- ( expression conversation
-- possessives a. ii) v EN =The wheels are its.
Nu-n) Very important: E, EE -Eo its \ -)
famous - =o, v -Cl- 1. Whose? (J?)
. \ S apostrophe (') Kasim: Did he take your bike?
dancers - q Whose? (-JC? / -JN?)
2. my () . Apostrophe It's It is E. Krishna: That was not mine. That was
j -- underline - his bike. Mine and his look the
mine (C / N) Apostrophe (') l --
-E-.
n 3. your (F / O) Eo -hC) same / look alike only, mine is
1. Whose (book)? J (h)? / -JC? yours (FC, OC / FN, ON) Eg: 1) This car and its wheels= , E slightly older than his.
2. My (book) (h) 4. his () v. \ 'only'
-E- C the
3. Mine C his (-C / -N) 2) It's my car = It is my car. (C only things E short farm- DE
4. Your (book) O / F (h) 5. her (\) hers (C / N) ) n '\ N N- / --N-
5. Yours OC / FC 6. our ( / ) - Now practice the following aloud in simple ' E. slightly=
6. his (book) (h) ours (C / N, English: (j possessive )
Cl.
7. his -C C / N) 1) F? E -N?
7. their (x, ) theirs (xN, C / 2) Kasim: Eo *a--? conversational bits.
8. her (\ dance teacher) 3) Avinash: Why are you vacating the
9. hers C xN, N) Krishna: o- (my, mine
10. our (family friend) 8. its (E) its (EC / EN) house? Is it not yours? / Don't
)
you own it?
vo: -- ---u -spoken english -a--o-. 7. o -- al (Vacate pronunciation: - /
--- tenses --u-? spoken english - 8.Sir, Madam E E-~--u- -a? -- \ -L n S-
--- - ---L? 9. S.C., S.T. d-- L? - (x N)
: Tenses a-- u. -- : 1. Is your tap off? / Have you turned off your tap? Alankar: No, it's (it is) not ours.
..----v, o >. N, -Lx
Avinash: Whose is it, then?
vocabulary (, n, N / Has your tap been turned off?
--- -). W English 2. I have admitted him in college Alankar: Our uncle's
Newspaper n , -- -. 3. The teachers are making the students sweep Avinash: How long has it been theirs?
vd --x L C. u les- the class rooms / The teachers are getting the Alankar: (It has been theirs) since their
sons simple present, N tense N- students to sweep the rooms / The teachers grandfather's time.
have the students sweep the rooms.
vo: -C u- Tx- L-----.
N-J. -. 4) Prameela: Whose necklace was lost /
4. I will take you to the movie
1. O x ? 5. I taught him cycling was missing yesterday?
2. -E -@ Jp- 6. I put him to bed You had relatives yesterday,
3. -u- x- --h-o 7. Don't compare me with others / Don't compare was it theirs?
4. Eo E- B--- me to others- -s-Eo-d Laxmi: No, not theirs; their ornaments /
5. - j \ Jp- 8. -J-j Sir / Madam E -a.
jewels are all safe.
6. -E ---d 9. S.C.s and S.T.s
I --- --- 30 -d 2005
Srilekha: Did you meet them yesterday?
Supriya: y - ----
(Eo y x ---o?) ? -E y d---?
Surekha: Whom do you mean?
Suchithra: O v o--! -E d-
(y-C J J*?) --?
Srilekha: Savithri and her husband
(- F-d -)
(NvA, h J*) Supriya: Brother, sister -J-- d--
Surekha: I met her, but not him
N
( ---o, E -E Suchithra: v- --O vl
---) . o worry hC.
Srilekha: Did you show her the letter? (to whom were you talking?)
(neglect ) d 'a fever', her=)
( letter -?) writing, formal writ-
Supriya: v - trouble My father likes my brother very
C D
Surekha: Yes, I Showed it to her. She will ing h.
y. t o --- much. He gives him ()
show it to him today. Spoken form v, 'to' - sentence
-. x- v-h whatever he wants. only, he asks
(- -. ---. C -o him to study well (him=E)
* hC. sentence 'whom' ,
- -hC) who v-Gh. 'who' (whom -Lq
B--h. q tLo Supriya: By the by, our teacher gave us an
Srilekha: Did she enquire about me? x) questions v-G-- spoken
assignment yesterday.
English d.

- n
-
- L
-
.h ..
Jo -----o?
Who (whom ) do you want to see?
-J h- h-o?
Who are you writing (letters) to ?
c) -JE J* x---o?
Who are you talking about? (whom )
d) -J x-C?
(-- --o conver- Who did he quarrel with?
( J* T?) sation topic a-- e) -JE Eo?
Surekha: She wishes to see you. She
-x---
p 'by the by'- - Who (Whom ) did you see yesterday.
asked me to give you her best 40 'C- . us = f) Jo Rx - M
wishes. She wants us to visit her
). When did he ask I do not know who she married
soon. She likes to give us a din-
Ny-h. us (Lo) to complete ( sentences whom
ner.
Suchithra: brother it.? . Who common, spoken
( Eo ----C. Eo-- ---. Eo t Suchithra: The coming English)
T-x p-C. Lo Rx---J y doctor _- Saturday, I M. SURESAN
p -
tC. dinner y---- B--}. o v think. But Hari: (over phone) Hello, who is it please?
C.) d. -C -o isn't it (= is it not) a holiday for (?)
Srilekha: That's fine. Let's go to them Hemanth: It's (it is) me, Hemanth
us? (us =
h.- --E v ) (,
tomorrow in my car. I will show -)
-. Supriya: Who told you so?/ Who told you
them my new car. Hari: That's nice, hearing your voice... after
Supriya: C-, Eo assign- that? Whom did you ask?
(C. x a long time.
ment a . Jh----
_- . h x [[[[[ ( , y F
o Lo?
-h.) Suchithra: a E- -. a) y Eo -JE ---o? = Whom N)
-- them, whom, her, him, did you meet yesterday? L. - Hemanth: Was that your brother who
--V ? appeared in the TV serial yester-
you, us, me -E-. Jo = whom. - spo-
Supriya: p E? -o--
English conversation natural , ken English whom who -h- day?
y? (Eo TV serial E--*C O
simple --- O n, OE Eo o. C d spoken English.
Answers:
brother ?)
Who did you meet yesterday?
- -sx C --- Suchithra: My brother helps me a lot () Hari: Yes, it's (= it is) him (, ) and
u. *o-*o - o --E n- He likes me very much C u formal written English the little girl he was walking with... do
Fo -- simple con- Supriya: Do you help him too? Do you like ( p ). you know who she is? ( -ho
versation --- --a. lesson
him too? Who did you meet yesterday? *o- F ?)
J* --. (-; -E: Do you also help him? C spoken form, conversational. Hemanth: Wasn't it (was it not) your
I =
o Do you help him too- \- - b) y Eo -J x---o? youngest sister?
me = o;
Spoken English) (Spoken) Who (Whom ) Hari: Yes, it's her.
we =
Suchithra: You have a brother too. Were you talking to yesterday? j -- -E-: It's me, it's him,
us = t-, / -,
(-- p-x also o too better.) (-, formal
, To whom It's her. - , It is I, It is he, It is
you = y / O
Don't you (=Do you not) like him? (o) were you talking yesterday? E .) she -E -. F spoken
you = Eo, Nt-- / F, O English It's me, It's her, It's him -
Supriya: Nothing surprising a brother and a \ -E--Lq N: Preposition
he =
sister liking each other. 'to'- sentence . sen- d.
him = -E, -
Suchithra: But my brother neglects stud- tence 'to' begin h whom L.
she =
ies. That worries me.
-v-o:
(o)
her = , ( \) 1. Shop closed - u Negative.
Supriya: My brother doesn't (does not) give
it = C 2. Shop n't closed
me that kind of trouble/ such trou- J---?
it = EE, E 3. Not shop closed n?
ble. (such=that kind=)
they = x, N 4. School going children. DEE Negative N- L?
He helps my parents too a lot. He
them = x, E/ x, 5. World's largest selling Newspaper. DEE Negative - -
takes good care of them.
who =
(Them=x) ---.
whom = -JE/ -J.
He gets us what we want
---: 1, 2, 3
(). . , j-
n- - d-E *a He makes us laugh with his jokes Shop closed - DE shop not closed. Shopn't closed - n't
Surekha, Srilekha dialogue G_- -J form - x . an, is, are... v . Not
(tLo)
-. Suchithra: My brother helps us too. My shop closed j English . \ shop not closed
Practice the following aloud in English. 'shop open' better . 4. Non school going children C
mother had a fever yesterday
Suchithra: brother school going children negative. 5. The world's largest selling
and he took her to doctor.
h. o d---. (English fever, countable, News paper negative - not the world's largest selling newspaper
(like ) -a.
I [- 1 d 2005

Radha: Hi Roja, how are you? long since we past participle (pp) [.
met. a) E ---o.
( o? L I have met (have + pp) him.
V-jC.) \[ , j ( V, , ,
Roja: Fine thank you. How are you?
etc.) ---oD L-----[ x
( o. y o?) have met- have + pp [-o.
Radha: Fine to. Thanks. How about going to
b) I met him yesterday.
the movie Black?
\[ yesterday E j L--[
(o! x E -?) x Past Doing Word [-o)
Roja: I've (I have) seen it. Think of some
c) He has gone out.
other movie.
time L--[ ]. d has gone
(C . E j p) - has + pp (for the past / for the last ten years = III) have + pp/ has + pp, just, just now p--
Radha: I haven't (I have not) seen it so far.
d) He went out an hour ago. -x x v # p) p h- - [.
so far=
(p C [-]. (
v E j L--[ x 2) --x Tx C. a) x p v--iC.
p) went- Past Doing Word) (p) The class has just begun.
Roja: That's surprising. It has run for three
e) She has bought a car. He has taught English for the past/ for the b) Rx-p a.
weeks now, and you haven't seen it!
( oC.) last four years
. They have just arrived.
(au ! C [ - f) She bought it last week.
[-C. y [-?) 3) p 100 #vx -#C.
She has acted in 100 movies so far.
Radha: How about some coffee before going
( EE ] oC)
to a movie? -E- 4) ].
(E-x ] h -?) - j LE Past Actions He has not come yet/ so far.

j L..?
Roja: I have just had coffee. I don't feel like
drink any more. ( -) have/ has + pp . (p ] -[
(p . Sx -E ].) JT j L Past Actions Past p J-TC).
-- -E--Lq N Doing Words [. (yet = ; so far = p)

have + past participle (have + pp) / has + pp d have + pp/ has + pp d--] - \[ -E-.
I, We, You and They
-. have +
Past actions, time not stated (j have been/ has been- N forms.
pp [. He, She, It has + pp L--E, J-T) - [. ] -o.
[. DEo present perfect tense . eg: 1) y E-- -?
p # p
form verb Have you seen the movie?
J-Eo --- [-Eo 'have been/
has been' L--h.
a) My father (he) has gone out.
2) [ a?
Has he come?
( o x) 3) F #a? C u- How about going to the movie Black?
b) My mother has bought a saree for my sis- J-Q-L-.
ter.
a) He has been a c) EN v RxC.
( t d- < oC.) teacher of English for
c) My friends (they) have left for Hyderabad. She has gone out just a minute ago.
M. SURESAN
x 26
the past two years.
( vq j]-- x.) sentences just
]--. p[
d) Tendulkar has scored thirty five centuries
( x Tx past action time not stated -C.
so far.
o[.) They have just gone.
Have you received the invitation?
([-\ 35 -K d[.) b) He has taught English for the past two Rx-p x.
years.
e) The class has just begun.
4) \- RxC?
They have gone.
Where has she gone?
(x p viC) ( -x Tx C- p x x.
f) We haven't (have not) read the report yet.
5) p [ x a[.
He has already (p-) changed two
.) C u- English G_- practice
( p Jd ]--]) c) He has been an English teacher. .
cars.
C - [[. 1) [-\ 15 -q-- v
p[ v-h E- II) have + pp/ has + pp
d) He has taught (C action) English for the

I) ] --o past actions,
[.
past two years.
vi p J-T/
time stated ( JT, j L -) -o (p-[-p[) have + 2) Rx-\[ E--? ( How
j[ sentences Eo [ N- long [)
Past Doing Words (came, sang, liked, knew pp/ has + pp [.
verbs) [. 3) p -].
state of being
1) \[ x o. ([[), 4) x - h -].
1) JT j L-E, L--E - I have lived here for the past/ for the last
action (E) L---h-o. 5) E p viC.
have + past participle (pp)/ has + ten years.
6) x h C-?
vo: ux [ 2001 # E.
7) y-p-[o ?
English v p[ Am I- not Aren't I L. 8) \ V # L ]--
2003 \[ - o[ [[, p[ [Eo p--E vo: p Tx- active voice o. (since our school days [).
uEo Tx- 'He was a am, is, are; ox p--E passive voice N? 9) \[ E ?
teacher here from 2001 to 2003' was, were --Th. 10) Rx ].
2001 # 2003 (past)
. -u, -
Answers:
E . - verb- pres-
ent tense, English past tense d, He was a teacher here from : verb 'be' form + past participte 1) Tendulkar has played cricket for the past
2001 to 2003 d. (PP) C passive voice. N
C -d N-J-. fifteen years.
forms C active. Passive voice 2) How long have they worked here?
uh A [ 'Ah - uh A o-p[
verb [ n - 3) She has not taken/ has not had tea so far.
J# p--p[ 'Ah past was, present is,
be form verb -- future will be/ shall be -
hC. 4) They haven't (have not) written a letter to
T-L? Question tag Am I/ -T-L. Shops are closed on sundays. me for the past four months.
(verb- are closed- are (beform) + closed 5) The movie has just begun.
Are I, Amn't I/ Aren't I C Manmohan Singh was a Finance
(PP), verb- passive) - 6) Have they read the book?
--T-L? Minister ()
C-- shops --[-. 7) Have you ever helped me?
Manmohan Singh is Prime Minister
XA o-v--]-, --[ 8) We have studied together since our school
: - p[ o o[,
- passive [. English
days (since =
(vh) #).
Manmohan Singh will be the PM for \ 9) How long have you worked here?
C . C past E, present simple - C.
some time to come (future) 10) They have not come so far.
I --- --C 4 -d- 2005
Sukanya: Hi Sumithra? I saw you at Sell All There are four hundred pupils in the school
Super Market yesterday. Busy school - --- C x--o.
buying things? 2. inside o in o .
(Eo Eo Sell All Super Market _ inside v-- - n
. -?) hC. in E n.
Sumithra: Mom was inside. She was buying Pranav: Where are your friends?
provisions. I was waiting outside. Prabhat: They are in the car. Look inside
By the by, you know we have and you will see them. They were
moved. We now live in Gandhi outside the car till ten minutes ago.
Nagar. (Car o. , x
(tC - . -Eh.C EN- -- x
wait ho. ... od, -o) The plane flew at great speed across the
3. above = j. -u j po -x --E, 'by'
x . p D--- sky
The government has the duty to see that -.
o.) a) O x a? plane - -j *
every person has a roof above their
- x, -Eo shift head. Did you come by car? -j -R}C.
. move - d. vA-Jj p x b) bus -- a-. He came by bus 6. at the back of = --j
x -o vy NC by train, by plane, by ship (back side -, backside n -,

-.. move
We are moving to a new house tomorrow c) - K a E)
(vA--J E Lp--)
class j a-
--p-
He always sits at the back of the class.
Bus ao v -

Shift ~ --o.
The passenger at the back of the bus were
safe.
at the back of the room = C -
behind the room = C
some one at the back of the hall was
Sukanya: My uncle is in Gandhi Nagar too. The goods came shouting
Where exactly is your home by lorry. Hall - -h-o.
there? Top (p)
-x--- 42 There is a tap behind the hall
E
( uncle x D---- - - Hall - C. ( Hall )
. O x correct \?) 'on' hC. Practice the following aloud in English.
Sumithra: At 12-14-16 on Nehru Street. It is The fan is just above you on cycle, on
to the right of make Money Bank a) Stella: O Eo Card B-?
Fan correct - -F j C. scooter, on bike,
Ltd., if you stand in front of it. We Nikhila: Eo - } . j---
'above' h-/ E- j. fan on camel, on ele- M. SURESAN
live on the ground floor. above your head - , fan S phant on horse-
o.
(Nehru Street Door No. 12-14-16 . Stella: O-\--?
E. --Ej - S C 'above'. back.
Make Money Bank - E- E Nikhila: -o---, M- O-C .
--E-j -E , C 4. under, below:
Stella: O - road --L-j
'on'.
-j). - n C.
Sukanya: Hei, your place is just under my Pen, table O C x d a-o -School C-?
uncle's. He lives on the first floor. Nikhila: . E - x.
the pen is on the table. They sat under a tree.
(O-C uncle x . OC Stella: O application O
Table O lamp C ( d t x-j o)
ground floor, xC I floor). There is a lamp above the table. From the helicopter, the minister saw d. Yours faithfully
Sumithra: Happy to know that they are on ( table O light -x lamp table below him the areas under water E-. Application -j.
the 1st floor just above us. Just j C). Helicopter * vA- h Fx-C ANSWERS:
across the road is an ice cream 'On' J* u-i N. - v- -E-. Stella: Didn't you (Did you not) take your
shop. I think it was your uncle's n j, O -- -Eo- 'on' Correct E- - under.
son sitting at the back of the shop ration card yesterday?
--. , n 'in' -. -E -\-- below. Nikhila: I was out of town yesterday
and enjoying an ice cream. English - , --E From the window of the II Floor, he saw
(Out of station ).
(x-\ j -{-- - - -sx 'on' hC. below a man or the road.
C. ice cream I was in Hyderabad.
eg: Road E-o Correct
shop C. O uncle J s - Stella: Where do you live?
a) d-- Eo train ---o - . - \ level h Nikhila: In Governorpeta; in / on Alibaig
, ice cream shop aE ice I first met him on a train. (In a train ) .
cream A-o) Street
b) G- - C :
\ prepositions -E-: (Road , Street in, on j)
His name is not on the list. The ground floor is under the first floor.
Eox preposition , Stella: Isn't there a School across the
c) team o? Is he on the team? (ground floor h - C)
. Eg: at the back of. 5. Across = --L-. road from your place?
d) x x C The house is on fire.
-- conversation prepositions: e) Plane 50 C v---o My home is across the road from the bank Nikhila: Yes. My home is just opposite
at, inside, outside, in, to the right of, on, There are fifty passengers on the plane. Bank * road --L- -x. the school.
under, above, across, at the back of. f) d = C- --L -j = across the river. Stella: Please sign on this application,
-O--E position (-- h/ E His name is not on the row. - -j * -j = below the 'yours faithfully' line. on
) ---E ----E --C-- -- N spoken English vh -LqN. across the sky. the right side.
-o. -p- J-Eo N-:
at: -d . in =
1. I saw you at the Super Market -v-o: Have
ing form C . Has ing -v-o: 'Over', 'above'
u N? -s C L?
Super Market _ form
?
----:
-.-.- -v-, -l-, -Pa----J ->-x
-d Super Market _- (). Prepositions Over, above - F j n -a.
----: Has C He, She, It
d -J --%g, j--
In the Super Market = Super Market 1) Our class room is above / over your class room.
I was at the Super Market from 5 p.m. to (L-T--, A, b) My father wants to have two roomed portion above / over the first floor.
6 p.m. n). Have C Verb form.
The goods in the Super Market are
-x above, over j -a.
E v ing hC. Has ii) He is over 35 years of age but looks younger.
expensive. . - He, She, It
j ux at , in -E-. Speak verb speaks - ( q 35 }- \--, *o -Eh.)
5 * 6 Super Market C. p ing form speak \ over v . Above .
o, h- . v . Speaks iii) -L j o-p Over .
Goods in the Super Market speaking . Have He jumped over the wall. ( OC . \ above )
Super Market E h-. He, She, It has . iv) u, s, time -o \ E p--E over .
x School o Speaks ing a-d has
The children are at school. The book costs over Rs. 300 = h K . 300o \.
ing a. talk. Talk- He,
x x Class o She, It talks -C. ing form He waited over three hours = --o \ wait .
The children are in class. talk hF talks a . There are over 30 students = 30 students o \ o.
I --- -- 6 -d- 2005
Rama Rao: What are your College hours?
College
(O E-- ?) v-- E/ h- o-x L-
Prakash: Our College works from 9 to 3.30.
N .
We go for lunch between 12.30
J-Eo prepositions of time l.
Naresh: what is the last date for the sub-
and 1.30
mission of application?
College 9
( * 3.30 (Application submit -Lq *-J-
E--hC. 12.30, 1.30 u C C?)
h) Narayana: On or before the 15th of next
Rama Rao: When do you usually start for
month. we issue applications
college?
upto the 28th of this month.
college
(O * Applications will be available
p ----?) even after that date till the 30th Pranav: My friend will join me there in July.
Prakash: Because our Classes begin at (E-. last week exam first

AM, PM -p-?..
of this month, but we charge a Together we will return in August.
9.00 in the morning, I usually start mark *aC. ---C o-\
late fee of Rs 5 per day. We friend
( July
\- h.
about 8.30, as it takes around half August \ --J)
have been selling applications l AJ-T-h)
an hour for me to reach college. I
am at college by 8.55. But why
are you asking me all the these
questions?
(Classes 9 v -
d, - 8.30
v ----. College
--E _ _ - -
C. -i 8.55 xcol-
lege . vo-Fo
since the 5th. Our Office is open uC h-u-- n IN
---o?) from 10 AM to 5 PM, and appli-
Rama Rao: I am from the RTC. We are .
cations are issued during that Kumar: (Over to phone) Where are you
gathering information to plan
our bus services to suit stu-
time.
---E Prepositions of time -x--- 43 Krishna? I am waiting for you
Krishna: Sorry, I'll be with you in five min-
dents needs. When does the
before (the 15th), upto (the 28th of this
college usually reopen after utes.
month), till (the 30th), Since (the 5th), during There are 30/ 31
summer vacation? (sorry, EN,
(that time). days in a month.
RTC
( * h-o. Prepositions of time
p - ( 30/ 31 EN- y F _-)
Nu-n --- -- l? He came back in ten minutes.
Bus services ---E V)
1. at: Our classes begin at 9 There are only 28/ 29 10 EN-- (C EN--
- -J-ho. N classes
(9 v-) days in February. ) AJT a.
yCollege *a- j E --o-p (February
28/ 29 It'll be ready in a week's time.
p -h? time at hC. V .) M. SURESAN C -E ( V -
Prabhakar: Usually in June, on the 3rd
Our College closes for the day at 4 C) j C.
Monday
(-T- college --C.) My sister was born in 1999. (1999 Important: every, next, last, that, this
June
(- , )
\ -E-. l, v The Government came to power in 2004. in on
F, F .
-)
Rama Rao: For howmany days does the
time E *---E spoken English, (2004 ) Shops are closed every Sunday
college work in a year?
Conversation AM, PM . There are 12 months in a year
(on every Sunday )
College
( -q-, Eo conversation in the morn- (-q- 12 --) He comes here next Monday
ing, in the evening etc., . Purely offi- (on next Monday )
V E--hC?)
cial spoken/ written form v AM, uC(Period of time) *---E 'in'
He was here last Saturday
Paul: For about 180 days, without counting
exam days PM. . (on last Saturday )
At 4 PM, at 9.30, at half past ten (10.30), etc. The police were able to catch the killer in a
(exams V I'll begin it this Monday
2. on: On days day
(On this Monday
180 V) p, ( x, )
j ---E Prepositions -E-. V) , dates (D) (-h-E M- \--V d---L-.) He didn't see her that day (on that day )
from, to, between, about, around, by, at . The teacher finished the whole chapter in in
.
after, in, on, for. Suseela: When are you leaving for just a week The tournaments will begin next June
Prepositions Hyderabad? (Teacher h chapter
O -E j (in next June )
Fo Time (--E) -C-* Suguna: On Sunday, that is, on the 4th.
Jh) She met him last December
Prepositions Time
E. jFo , Suseela: When is the interview?
Suguna: On Monday. I will be back here
u-C N, - (in last December )
V, , -q, uC L J -- \ -sx They go to Kashmir every May
h-o ! on the 6th, that is, on Tuesday
3. in: Months years Manoj: Why are you so happy, Mohan? (in every May
at (9.00 in the morning), about (8.30), (), (-q-), )
around (half an hour), after (summer vaca- uC(duration) IN
hC. (, - o C Vocabulary .
tion), in (June), on (the 3rd Monday), in (a Pranav: I will be in Kashmir in June. ?) Fo - L-N. (Pronunciation)
year), for (howmany days) - brackets
\ (June Kashmir
) Mohan: Why not? I got the first mark in last 1) Charming = N = -{---i
oN time expressions ! -E O- Paul: For how long? week's exam. The first time I C - a; v-h a;
Eo-E prepositions of place and position - (-, Eo--V?) scored so high in a year. E-, h- -a.
a) She is very Charming in that dress.

vo: what does he think of himself? E a. what does he think iv) Join a college/ a group/ a course - join
- -sx y ( dress -{-- C)
b) He was Charming towards us
about himself --? preposition J* -N--J-- preposition .
v) attend = attend college/ class/ marriage etc.
-- ( x--- o)
:
N.--- - V, j-- 2) Chase
attend to = j u- . () = - -.
My Father is attending to the repairs of our house. a) The tiger chased the deer.
i) -sx of, about -E (L > --C)
( E ---o)
-a. Think of, think about correct. attend on = -, A-- -u b) The police were chasing the thief.
ii) Prepositions J* N-Jh-o. a) Please attend on the guests (--M- -- f)
iii) agree with = uh --N-. (Gusets -) 3) Drag (v \ 'v,
agree to = E-j p-- b) When I was ill my sister attend on me. Bank ba -L)=
He agreed to stay for another day sister i) He dragged the boy into the room
vo:
( ---p -C)
V---E p--o. Letter writing
* "Thanking you" . C j, (C- )
She agreed to the proposal Thank you N-J---. ii) She dragged him into the quarrel

: j correspondence , letter * thanking you/ Thank you

vA-- p-C. N.%-g-Jh, N-- -E x TC.
I agree with you that he is the best player iii) The movie dragged on
--. E C h-- C -
best player E U--J-h-o/ F --N-h-o. JC. British correspondence Thanking you .
E -D-
I --- 8 -d- 2005
Ravi: Hi Rahul, going somewhere? a) We have classes in the morning everyday
( - - , -\-j- - except on the morning of Sunday.
-o-?) b) The accident took place in the evening, it
Rahul: I am on my way to class. was on the evening of last Saturday, the
(Class --o) 29th.
Ravi: So early? Kumar: How do I go to Learnwell College
( l-o?) from here?
Rahul: Yes. Our Classes are in the morning Learnwell College
(\--*
from 7. }L?
(Classes -) Kamala: You have been here for the past 15
Ravi: But I saw you at the temple on the days. Strange that you don't know c) During this period he has changed a lot Kushal: When did the meeting begin?
morning of the 15th. the way yet. ( -x- J--) (Meeting p begin C?)
(15 K l Eo 15
(y V- \-o ? Officer: When did you take your degree? Koushik: (At) about 6.30 in the evening

-V- -- in.. on
J) J L---- N*-v) (O vU p B--o?) (v 6.30, v)
Kushal: When did it end?
(p T-C?)
Koushik: Around 8. (8, v)
About, Around, prepositions of
time, , n time L --
.
a) \ - o
Rahul: Yes. The 15th was a Saturday. We I was there for about half an hour.
Candidate: In April 2000 (April 2000 )
did not have classes on the morning b) 2002 x teacher
Officer: What have you been doing
of Saturday. E--C.
since then?
(15
classes
D E-. --V l -x--- 44 (p * Since then - She worked as a teacher for about/
)
O h-o?) around two years till 2002.
Ravi: You were planning to go home,
Candidate: I was a teacher for two years c) We reached home (at) about 1.30
when are you leaving? Kumar: No, not 15
upto 2002. 1.30 .
( }----o , p days. I have
--o?) been here only
Since then I have been a j expression- 6 O' Clock, 5.30, 2.00
Software Programmer. (AM/ PM)- O- time E
Rahul: Yes, on the evening of the 25th since last
(, 25 v) Sunday. Only (2002 -x- teacher p--E at about . at C-
Ravi: How do you spend your evenings? 5 days. o. p--* Software about -.
(F -v h?) (. Programmer o (p- period of time 'over' h j
Rahul: Usually I go for a long walk in the \ M. SURESAN --/ ) E n.
evening C- Officer: During your period as Software Bhaskar: How long were you there yester-
(v u - - oC. 5 V) Programmer what computer day?
-) Kamala: And what have you been doing skills have you used? (Eo y \ ---o?)
\ Prepositions -E. in (the during the 5 days? (Software Programmer o , Bhavan: For over an hour (= for more than
morning), on (the morning of saturday), in (J --Vx y N?) computer skills O ?) an hour = --j).
(the evening), on the (the evening of the Kumar: During these five days I have been for, since, during prepositions of Bhaskar: When did he come?
25th) etc. busy buying books, clothes etc. time -. u since --p
prepositions of time: for,
( p--a?)
lesson C -- p verb, have been/ has Bhavan: It was over five when he came.
Prepositions of time. -- --- since, during. been; have + past participle/ has + Past par-
for the past 15 days - 15 ( a--J 5 C.)
oC.. 1) at, time
*a E L V- ticiple form
. -
Since last Sunday - last sunday
* Corrections:
; 2) on, days and dates , j * p-----F, EF n
During these 5 days -
Vx Spoken English 43 :
3) in, months and years E. 4) in, d. (6.9.2005 -*)
'for'
period of time
hC. for an
Column line
uC (a period of time) L hour, for a day, for 10 days .
a) Delhi has been the capital of India since
*, *J ''O-Eo-
(C V-) prepositions of place and position-
F
. the time of the Pandavas
since
* E. v-- E/ h- o x
'In' (Parts of the day)
since 1999 (1999 *) (- * - Mx --E L-N E *aC.
. since he last saw me C E .) ''O-Eo-E Prepositions of time E
In the morning, in the evening, in the b) India was under the British rule during the ---L.
( o --p*).
after noon, in the night or at night. a) India has been independent for the past 18th, 19th and part of the 20th Centuries
Last Column 5 j Kumar: (Over to
Krishna: When do you get up? 58 years. (18, 19 -l, 20 l -- Phone) (Over Phone) E L.

C Vocabulary o Line
(F p Ev h?) b) India has been independent since 1947 British - C.
Kesav: At 5 in the morning a) b) u- n . - about, around, prepositions of ''Fo - L-N ''O
a) No. 1) Eo, No. 2) and 3) - L-
( C-) o-x yv-- o time - o.
Krishna: When do you usually have lunch? -C. N E ---L.
(Lunch p h?)
Kesav: In the afternoon between 1.00 and
b) p--* y-v o
vo: Active Voice, Passive -C* doubt C. I shall do my
-C . home work passive
C. E I shall go to market..
1.30 Period of time 'for', Passive voice
u- . N? N-J-.
(uo 1, 1.30 u) point of time ( */ V */ N.-N, -Lx, K-- >x
-E-. (Parts of the day)
in - , morning, evening
-q *) o-p since L.
Since the vedic times ( *)
: I shall go to market- verbs (go - \ shall go) passive
. verb -JE, EE E vo - - a
etc., 'the' p hC. (In the morn- for the past last five thousand years -s- v passive C.
ing, in the evening etc.) (5000 x) Shall go- \ go } -JE }, EE } E vo
lesson conversation
-E-. I met him last in 2000 Jan - - . d passive .
a) In the morning; On the morning of ( -E 2000
*- ----J- 'do' EE - C d E passive
Saturday
vo: Tx- j p--p O' clock E . d Clock v --a-!
---o.) C.
b) In the evening; on the evening of the 25th. a) I have not met him for the past/ the last
, morning, evening
parts of the four years and ten months .x, Cl-
day in
hC. V --x C- -E ---. : O' Clock of the clock. Of the clock E C* p, - O' clock. \
morning,
D evening
op - b) I have not met him since January 2000 apostrophe (') C- lEo *-hC. d clock n . h- -
on
hC. January 2000 * --E ---. v O' clock . 7.25 O' clock .
I ---
Subhash: Hi pranav, How are you getting
along?
Pranav: O fine. How is it with you?
Subhash: Fine too, thanks. Where in the
work have you been? Ages since
we met.
(- \--o. --
E ----xC).
-Fo vo. . spoken English to, till
Pranav: I was in Bangalore for a month
from Aug. 1st to/ till Aug 31st, and
then in Chennai from Sept. 1st to/
till Sept 6 th, and since then here.
(Bangalore -, Chennai
Sept. 6 th . p--* \)
Subhash: Happy you are back, and in a
good shape too. You remember
my cousin Harsha? He is here
now. He has been here since the
--C 11 -d- 2005
Pratibha: When is he here everyday?
Prabha: He is here from morning 9 till
evening 5.
Pratibha: Is he here upto 5?
(5 ?)
Prabha: He is here until 5 everyday.
(vA-W 5 --\)
' n to, upto, till, until Fo
\.
Sriram: Raghu, for how long has your sister
ANSWERS:
been here? p--- prepositions of place,
Raghu: for the past five days, since the 4th of position and time --o. a) Our office is on the 2nd floor. It is just
this month. Now practice the following sentences/ above the fancy shop on the first floor.
from , since : 'from' -u conversation aloud in English. b) Sunil: Where is the book?
* , a) Office -h C. C Anil: In the shelf.
expressions . since -h-E fancy shop j C. Sunil: I thought it was in the box. I

till.. until..
last Saturday. He will be here
upto the end of this month.
(y u AJT *a--
. - ->- { h-o-?
---Ep- -\- --o- -- --E-
--*. - --- -
---) searched inside the box.
Pranav: What does he do here until then? b) Sunil: h \- (search for = -)
(-- \ h?) C? I looked for it inside the box.
Subhash: He is attending coaching classes -x--- 45 Anil: shelf
Sunil: d
Anil: It is on the notebook in the shelf.
Sunil: I have searched for it since yester-
for ICET.
(\ ICET Coaching B- --o. day.
--o) -. / K/ / - c) Prabhat: Where did the match take
Conversation E prepositions: of, / -q * p- - - , n - -A. M. SURESAN place?
from, to, since, till, until, upto. . * - Anil: shelf F (take place = --)
--J from '* , note book O C. Prakash: On our college playgrounds.
* F, to * present (v h- ) - - , Sunil: Eo--* E- -A. Prabhat: When?
E. * future c) Prabhat: match \ J-TC? Prakash: It began at 7 in the morning
'from-to' h--- - j , future * Prakash: college play grounds yesterday and was over by 9
n: / V/ / / - - j from v to . Prabhat: p J-TC? Prabhat: Was there a match on Sunday
a) 2003* 2004 \ teacher Prakash: Eo l - j Nt-
q * (from) / V/ / morning too?
/ -q (to) E. o. C- --C. Prakash: All matches were in the morn-
He was teacher here from 2003 to 2004
Sukanya: What are your college hours? Prabhat: Sunday morning Match ing. But the match on Sunday
( past)
(O College --N-?) ? morning was very interesting.
b) \ -Lq period 2004 * 2006
Ramakanth: Our College works from 9 am Prakash: Matches Fo mornings J-. d) Suseela: I have been here since 2003
to 4 pm.
. Sunday morning J-T match
Her period/ tenure here is from 2004 to but I have been up the
( College 9 * 4 2006.
interesting C. Charminar only once. While
d) Suseela: E-\ 2003 * o. \-
coming down I almost fell.
E--hC) (from the past to the future)
Sukanya: Do you have classes upto? J v Charminar j
c) Cricket matches 2005 December * (almost = )
(-O Classes x. CT a-p
2006 January . Sucharita: Was there none before you
?) The Cricket matches are from Dec 2005 to
--. and behind you to stop you?
Ramakanth: Except on Saturdays when the Sucharita: F , F
January 2006. (Both future) Suseela: Supriya was far above me,
College works until 2 pm.
Since: Past time * (from some time Eo---E? and sulekha far below me. I
(\ E-p V 2) in the past) p Suseela: v \ j C.
- - - --E - controlled myself somehow.
--: from time/ day/ LqC Since v . from - . Sulekha C.
(far = (\) )
week/ years etc., --* --E. To My sister has been here since 2004 February. control -o. Sucharita: When did this happen?
time/ day/ week/ years etc., - E. (2004 February * sister \ C) Sucharita: -p J-TC?
Suseela: On a January evening, on a
p--p to , till - She has been here from 2004 Suseela: January v.
Sunday.
-, n. . C-.

-v-o: 1. O A, An J* *a N- Jh . ---: 1. A, An J* -N--J-*- -s- \ an' -,The rose (all flowers of the rose species)
- -Eo -s-x capital letters *a--p- Capital letters a/ an ---E-F, is beautiful j L.'Rose' is beautiful d
a -. : A Union, A European, A EF . Rose --C -t j p. (. Oxford/
One-way traffic etc., 2. countable, singular \ o E a/ anF, longman's/ Collins Dictionary/ any standard gram-
2. Mother loves her child wrong o. E -sEo d 'The' F ---. Mother loves her mar book.
widest sense article
. : Rose is Child p. 'mother' countable singular . 3. Waters plural form n C-/ -v-E
beautiful All Roses
o-p E n. A rose A/ an ' n , 'any' E, 'all' F Fx E. (Eg: The waters of the Krishna (river).
rose -C ! -p- Eo Roses no . Generalise --p A mother Water
F} -J-* x---p .
-i-N E n-. DE J* Jh N- loves her child . E n every mother E, - Water dissolves salt. Waters
-p- .
--y-. - 'any mother' E. -F mother E . C p uncountable.
3. Water uncountable plural - s 'A dog is a faithful animal' o-p A dog = all ani- 4. I get up at 6 AM every day
o-p -\--. d.
o. E hC. Deep waters, Troubled mals of the species ( A n hC). O-ox, F - p .
waters E ! N-J-. Countable singular, Widest sence A/ an EC \ 'How often do you go there?' o vo vA-W
4. I get up at 6 a.m. o-p Everyday E - 'Man' N-- . eg: Man is mortal: Man proposes, h E -.
\--. C habitual everyday E - God disposes. Nx *a article I go there every day. \ everyday p .
-. N--J--. -Lq . 'Rose' is beautiful - p. A rose I go to bed at 10 every night. \ every night
-N.-N.-..-, -N---o (any rose/ every rose) is beautiful - correct. 'A/ ---E, p.
I --- ---- 13 -d- 2005
Janaki: Jamuna, Who are you looking at?
C- =Jumping into the river
(, -JE/ -J-j h-o?) Walk into my place at midnight and I shall be
Jamuna: The man walking across the road happy to invite you with a cup of coffee or tea
and turning towards the bank y l--v- -. p --
building. He is going into the bank F -F F y -!
now. -J-j %---y- ''F
(Road bank building j --- Eq-- a -E
-ho -E. -E-p bank .
h-o) Into - j E---Eo *-
Janaki: He is turning to the left in the bank hC. C u -- hC.
He is into business
now. Is that the man? Why are you
interested in him?
u h-o b) As the train went through the tunnel, it
software (computers) E--hC \ past, off prepositions -. became suddenly dark
(p-- u --j A--- She is into software. past uh-E-E, v-EoE
o. -? J* - Train /* x-p,
-q u v-G- }, \*/ -j * \--J <-j--C.
h?) }.
. p ho L- c) Chandan: Did you get your favourite
Jamuna: Don't you remember? The other He was into dairy last year. No idea what he post office x hero's autograph yesterday?
day he jumped into the river to is now. He is now past the post office.
(--E-o O G- auto-
save my drowning cousin, that five 4. Out of: C into opposite. p \-*/ o x graph B-o?)
year old Ramesh He has just walked past me.
E - . Chandra: No, It was impossible to push
my way through the crowd to
get to him

take off your... (* -E _-

x- u )
d) Please pass the thread through the eye
of the needle.
( C- \-.
Eye of the needle= C- )
e) Bhagavan: When am I getting the
(h-? V cousin, x (' -* n money?
v E-T-- C- C) ( s-p- --hC?)
By the time he joined us,
~-) Brahman: Tomorrow. I will send it
Janaki: Yes, I remember. Really brave
( h-*aC. E ju-h)
-x--- 46 we were past our school
L---p-
through Vishnu.
( Ng y -h)
Jamuna: I wish to go to him and thank him school R}- Bhagwan: Why through Vishnu? You
( _--R} thanks p--C) Ramesh: Have you seen Manyam? . yourself give if to me.
Janaki: He is out of the bank now and walk- (u o E-- F?) 6. Off: preposition M. SURESAN (Ng y/ - ?y
ing away very fast. Naresh: I saw him coming out of the home n - * y)
( bank --*a, y and getting into an auto. Perhaps CL R}--. Now practice the following in English:
h-o) he has gone to the doctor. ( Sankar: (On the bus = bus) Hi Sanjeev, Prabhakar: \-o* h-o?
Janaki: He is already past the 'tiffin centre'. * *a Auto where are you going? Pramod: p train C. Chennai *
We shall not be able to reach him. It x . doctor _- Sanjeev: To Nampalli station, where are you h-o.
is too late. And walking through this x-? going? Prabhakar: v C?
crowd will delay us. Ramesh: Why doctor? Sankar: I am getting off the bus at Abids. I Pramod: v - v. v-
(p- centre Rx-- (Doctor _ ?) am going my aunt's, half a kilome- Ev----. Ev -
. -E -- d . Naresh: Don't you know? He isn't (is not) yet tre off Tilak Road. -J train L C.
p- u C. -* out of his fever. Add to that his boss ( G-q CT--o. \-- Answers:
- u -C) is troubling him a lot. * Tilak Road -O- Prabhakar: Where are you coming from?
---E prepositions: at, across, (O L-? - y * o Aunt Pramod: I have got off the train just now;
towards, into, to, outof, past, through ----. E (Add to ho.) from Chennai.
prepositions Eo-F prepositions of that) x boss -E sC (off \ away from E). Prabhakar: How was the journey?
direction . OE directions --o) Sanjeev: Your top shirt button has come off Pramod: The Journey the whole night was
(C\) -- . Ramesh: Why doesn't he get out of the job? your shirt. through rain. I slept through the
1. across: ( job * -----/ C- (F shirt button, shirt * journey. The train was past Tenali
-- lessons across the road L--d--?) a-C) When I got up.
-sx 'across' -, --L- N 'out of' n, ---. Off uses .
j E --o. \ across 5. Past - }. a) Take off your feet from on the table
(walking across o-p) f E. Anwar: I saw you hurrying past our shop Table O-* F (x) B.
f , -E K C this morning. Where were you b) Police driving license B-o
While he was walking across the road, a going? The police have taken off his driving
license.
-v-o: Says
lorry knocked him down (--y l -N-
(while crossing the road E -a) * /shop } c) -\ p team Rakhi, designer, "since I was
Sailing across the sea in a rudderless boat is . \- h-o?) Tendulkar is off the team. walking on footpath the offender could
Aswin: My uncle was coming by the 7 AM d) E-x villain v , not get too close to me. So he caught
foolish
(\E E -vEo N-) train- I was rushing to the station to *- hold of my duppatta and almost choked
receive him. Though he acts the roles of villain on the me. The incident left an ugly scar on my
(rudder = \E)
( uncle 7 AM train h-o. screen, he is a fine gentleman off the neck.
2. Towards/ to:
o receive ---E station screen eve teasers English daily
police j h-o, h J*
-N- }) e) - *a-C. since n, -
C
Anwar: Is he here now? Off the screen she is not so glamourous, I p. example sentence y.
The policeman is coming towards to me. I'm
mean off her make up (Make up )
---:
(I am) afraid ( p\-o?) -.--, ----T-J, --_- ->-x
\ to = towards = J/ v j Aswin: No, he got off the train, and drove to - x off = away from ( -
i) \ since because (-x). since
Walk across the sands towards the shore, the college. He is delivering a lecture * ) E.
7. Through: n ' I was walking on the foot path - foot
you will find the blue water of the sea there.
a) Bhaskar: Where is the manager's path O -ho--x E. (Since it is
B-j R F -vE FL-Fx ( train CT \ college R}-
room, please? raining, I want an umbrella- {- -h-o--
E--h. -. -\-- lecture h-
The arrow points to the north o) Receptionist: Please pass through x L.)
the door on the left and ii) Road -j- N foot path, platform
h h C\ -hC. Anwar: You are still on your bike. Get off it
3. Into: Into - E. and have some tea with me. then turn left
. C j English . Road
Bank h-o (--y bike O o. CT (-- y
-j- N Pavements. American
English sidewalk.
He is walking into the bank. h tea ) Rx Sx left A-) iii) Eve teasers - English .
I --- 15 -d- 2005
Murali: Hi! Manoj, what brings you to this
Doesn't he (does he not) appear to be
office again?
above 40?
(- --- , Sx office c) 35 x l-x Government jobs
--a?) |--
Manoj: I've (I have) come for my service cer-
Those above 35 years of age are not
tificate.
qualified for govt. jobs
( service certificate a.) -x above over
Murali: How long did you work here?
-a.
(y E---N-\?) Those above 35 = Those over 35
Manoj: I joined here at the age of 20 and
3. - \ = below
left at the age of 23. That means 3 (Sorry, , Nt-x - b) Jagdeesh: F
i) x \ -- -o x- _ | ?
years. To be exact it is a little over q, I Class * V Class C (| = eligible,
v h
three years. _- = participate/ take part,
We give this medicine only to children x v)
(E-\ 20 . 23 -R}- below the age two. ! Prepositions of age: = competition/ contest)
-. x. correct a) at the age of/ at a young age/ at an old Suma: 20, 30 x u x v C.
ii) - q 20 x- \
Jagadeesh: F | C ?
x Cl j) He is below 20 age/ at the proper age
Murali: Murthy has also left us. isn't he (is he
not) the same age as you?

He left school at..

(Jh office CL
Rx. F
?)
Manoj: No, I am 23 now, and he is above 24.
He is atleast a year older than I.
What about you?
(. -j-x. - -j Suma:
iii) ---q business -v-G-*--p 30 x -E p--E
---x \. F -N-?) ---o?
Murali: I am under twenty one. I am slight-
20 x-
Jagadeesh: Sorry, F 30 x- -
ly, that is, just a few months over 20.
He was below twenty (years of age)
when he started his business.
-x--- 47 o.
(-j--\-x- \. 20 x c) Naresh: Hi, Ajitha, -?
iv) 15 x x- D E
Eo \) -q-/ , Ajitha: - .
\ prepositions : at (the age of), This movie is not for those below 15
*o/ --l/ --j Naresh: u! -q?
above (24), under (20), over (20) ---E- \ below under -a. Ajitha: l---- E--.
-.
. prepositions Fo- -q (below = under \) b) above/ over a certain E . - 78
v) 14 x- \ -- x- - x- x. d--p- - 55
-C-* -sx . d OE age
prepositions of Age . -d---. -- --q j xj. t-t 50 .
1. at (the age of) Nobody shall appoint for any work Naresh: --
(-x more M. SURESAN
boys or girls under 14 -- o !
- -q-/ --- --p/ o--/- than so many years
-o-x-p O- C p-o 4. - u = between ANSWERS
-a).
- at . Parent: Will you let my daughter partici- a) Pavan: Who were you talking to?
c) below/ under - .
a) 16 x school C-L--d. pate in the competition Ravikanth: To my uncle.
(Less than/ lower than )
He left school at 16/ at the age of 16/ ( tE -_E-h?) d) between = -q- u. Pavan: Your uncle? He appears to be
at 16 years of age. Teacher: How old is she? which class is below 25 years. Is he older than
NOW PRACTICE THE FOLLOWING:
b) 22 -}-C. she in? you by two or three years only?
a) Pavan: y -J x---o Ravikanth: Don't be silly. I am 20 years
she got married at 22/ at the age of 22 (-? class C?)
c) *o/ l/- -j Parent: She is ten plus. she is in VI
() Old. He is above 35.
Ravikanth: -u Pavan: He doesn't (does not) look his
at a young age/ at an old age/ at the class.
Pavan: O u? 25 x- --- age
proper age (-x-o \. - --A -Eh-o-. F x Ravikanth: He went abroad at a very
2. - j = above ----C) l? young age. He returned only
a) 60 x j--- ---x senior citizens (above ten/ over ten/ ten plus) Ravikanth: *a--*a x-. last week.
people above 60 years of age are Teacher: I'm sorry. This competition is j. 35 - \. b) Jagadeesh: Are you eligible to partici-
senior citizens. for children between five and Pavan: ----ox --. pate in the competition?
b) - 40 x- l-- -E-- nine years of age, that is, for Ravikanth: *o---- foreign Suma: It is only for those between 20 and
--? pupils of I class to V class. x. Last week AJ--a. 30 (years of age)
Jagadeesh: Then you are eligible
-v-o: 1) I' asked him not to N?Sentence * not to -v-o: I Know her (A.V.) Suma: Do you want to make me say that
-s ? She is Known by me (P.V.) or I am above 30
2) What the postman must do is provide the address- She is known to me (P.V.) Jagadeesh: Sorry, I thought you were
- n-N-? A.V. P.V.
j u-- E --Jh u Correct? under thirty.
do - is -s hC? -?-N--J--. c) Naresh: Hi Ajitha, how is every body?
Ajitha: My grandfather died a week ago
---: 1) 'I asked him not to' -j j h-E
-G.--, -Nu--, --_- ->-x N
The Water fills the tank (A.V.) (Week back )
, l E n. The tank is filled by the water (P.V.) Naresh: Sorry to hear that. What was his
A: He said he would complain to the police. (or) age? / How old was he?
B: I asked him/ told him not to. The tank is filled with the water (P.V.) Ajitha: He died at an old age. We do
( Police complaint y--lE p, E) P.V. uCorrect? miss him, of course. He was 78.
2) What the postman must do is Postman - - -t -- --p-, When I was born he was above/
E n. What the Postman must do is provide the over 55. Grand mother was
---: Passive , know -N----, fill -N----
---, -N---o ->-x
address = Postman -Lq-- address y-. D below/ under 50.
Dn. C -s do is hC. by -. is known to, is filled with E hC. Naresh: Even at such an age he was
What you must do (now) is, study well and get good marks 'fill' N- fill E p--E by hC. healthy.
Ny-p- -Lq-x CN marks a---. The tank is filled with water by Ram.
I --- --C 18 -d- 2005
Kranthi: Hi Karuna, How are you?
2. Between: u
Karuna: Fine. Thank you. How are you?
a) MRO Collector u Sub-collector
Kranthi: Fine too. How is your new job?
(F h job C?)
.
The Sub collector is between the MRO
Karuna: Absolutely no complaints. None
and the collector in rank and power.
above me. I am the boss.
( . Jh C. j prepositions -J-* v-:
a) above/ over= j/ \--/ N*
. boss .) / u
absolute = Jh
b) below/ under = / \-- / T_
Kranthi: How many are there in all?
(O office h C?) / u
c) between = u (/ u)
(in all = h) Dharani: Some Officers were also there, I Dharmendra: It is on the riverside. Far off
Karuna: There are five under me. My posi- NOW PRACTICE THE FOLLOWING:
think. from the town. A lonely spot.
tion is below that of the Area 1) Bharani: Hi Dharani, o?
Bharani: They are all my dad's col- It is an ideal spot for a picnic.
Manager. Dharani: -, o F birthday
leagues. Two or three of them (C f J .
party --C a?
are above the rank of marketing -i . Picnic -
( --- -E-ho.
Area Manager -y- n- Bharani: -d \--d-. 35, 40
Managers. j ).
o) u --*a--d-o. Dharani: Are they above your dad? --- a, an, the - J-Q-Ll. --C-
Kranthi: How many branches has your Dharani: C Officers *a-- Bharani: Most of them are below/ under - a/ an - --o .
Company? d-o? 1) Countable singulars (\-d -- -
Eo v p--p-) A/ An

The pen is mine

hC. ( l, , , , , , ,
, , , v u English
An, N A E
.)
2) Uncountables (\--dE A/ An
. p 'The' l.
A) 'The' pronunciation:
Karuna: Between 12 and 14. Bharani: x o
(12, 14 u. branches u) Colleagues l ', , , , , , ., , ,
Kranthi: Is the work heavy? (-u- v u English
-x--- 48
(- -) ). - , 'C ----.
The order (C ), The egg (C ),
heavy \- (\) x l
The industry (C )Z , The Owl (C
Karuna: No. Not above 15 files a day. On _
Marketing my dad. one or two of them are ), The honour (C ) etc. a
Saturday it is even below 7 or 8.
Manager above my dad. bank, ant L---p 'C
(V 15 files
j M. SURESAN
. 2) Chandra: Hi, Surya, come in. Where . The ant (C ant), the (C) hour,
Saturday 7, 8 o \)
were you yesterday. etc. N l- , ' --.
Kranthi: How Hours at office? x.
Dharani: O oJ jx? Surya : My classmates and I went for a The () book, the () tree, the ()
(V Eo ?)
Bharani: -C oJ- C- picnic. We were about ten. University etc.
Karuna: Not so rigid. We are there between
Chandra: Did you enjoy yourselves?/ Did B) Countables, uncountables, singulars,
10 AM and 6 PM for above six to x. -J-l o- \
you enjoy the day (Picnic)? / plurals- OE - J-* -- E
six and a half hours. o-x.
2) Chandra: Hi Surya, come in. Eo \-- Had a good time? vu- p--p 'The' .
( *a--i - . C-
o? Surya: Yesterday was very pleasant. A book is there. (\ h C).
J- u 6, 6 1/2
) Surya: , Classmates Picnic The temperature was below 20 The book is my borther's
---E prepositions -E- : x. -- CC-N. degrees. cool and pleasant. We (C brotherC).
above, below, under, between. Chandra: ? were there for over six hours. \ A, the a. /
1. 'Above' -o Eo -- -- Surya: , Eo x--- C. one of us brought a Cake. It was n 'A' . sentence
lesson --o. \ g-v 25 vU o \. above 2 Kgs. ( ) n 'The' . d
'above' - -l. x C. -\ - Chandra: How much did each spend? countables (singular &
Karuna: None above me. I am the boss. j -. Surya: Between Rs 250 and 300 each. plural), uncountables (singular and plural)
office j . Cake a. -




the , L.
C--JE. o \ -C. (u-i : Eox p -sEo,
C--, -J-j - -Eo Chandra: \-\-J -a-C? Dharmendra: We are all going on a Picnic. nFod English A F, An F, the F
Surya: Wont you join us? nouns Eo -Lq)
'above' . 'there are five under
250, 300 - u.
me' \ under C--, ANSWERS ( Picnic ho. Sx h--: / n
A/ An . - 'The' .
. 1) Bharani: Hi Dharani, how are you? y -?)
Home Minister Chief Minister Dharani: Fine, By the by, how many Damodar: When is the Picnic? a) A pen is for writing (pen -E)
o \ attended your birthday party the (Picnic p?) (- A/ An _d .)
The rank of the Home Minister is below that day before (yesterday)? Dharmendra: On Sunday. It is a nice spot. b) The pen in your pocket is mine.
of the Chief minister. The Home Minister Bharani: I didn't count exactly. There (Sunday ho. o x (F o pen --C).
under the Chief Minister in power and rank. were between 35 and 40 v -C.) \ The --E rule. -C? E vo
(\ -E--Lq . o (The people present were Damodar: Where is the spot? - - -, A/ An .
\-/ --J = below. between 35 and 40) ( \?) --- h 'The' .
J = under . 'Officers
below/ under the rank of the district collector
sentences below, under
-v-o: 1) Where did you go? ---: 1) Where did you go? y-\---x? E.
Where have you went? Where did you went? Correct .
-a) 2) It is time we left Did y go hC; went .
a) VEO j o officers v 2) It is time we left. It is high time we left-
It is high time we left.
jeep ---T- | C. Those / O n p -}--LqC, E.
O---u -- -N--J---.
officers above the rank of the VEO are eli- }-Lq Time ---E.
3) No, ifs and buts, young man, you
gible for jeeps. (eligible= | L-T) 3) - -u-E -n -, T- E ----- -l, F -
must speak out your mind.
b) Collector \ C--- p E. @N- --x JT /--JT -
C- u-E n N?
4) I want to ask him for help - -u E ---. J-T-/- --\-
Those below/ under the rank/ position of ---E ---. -s- 'ifs and buts'
the Collector do not have this power.
-E --E
---o. . If ; but --p-.
c) vA CC-j Supervisor If Gandhi had been alive... -D A ...
Office
-E --E
---o (). but he is not... , ...
There is a supervisor over/ above every no ifs and buts - N ---- E-n E.
ten workers.
-D-E-E English -- ---L?
4) I used to think of asking him for help
-x rank , position, level, -.--, --.--E-, --x-, --E --E ---o.
designation --E -a. '- n. -p---J ->-x. (I used to feel like asking him for help)
I --- -- 20 -d- 2005
Gowtham: Hi Gambhir, I saw a bike in front
3) Robert: Where is Vijayawada?
of the bank by your home.
(N-- \-C)
(O \ bank Guide: About 300 kms to the South East
bike ---)
of Hyderabad. On the banks of
Gambhir: Wasn't it (was it not) yesterday? I
the Krishna.
saw the bike too. Really stunning.
(Hyderabad jA -C-- ,
(Eo ? - bike . 300 kms %g
C. f --C)
Stunning = au L () Robert: I have heard of Rajahmundry.
Gowtham: (Do you) know the owner? Where is it?
(--J ?) (-v -J-* No.
conversations spoken form -\ ---C?) 2) Pranav: Where is Vijayawada?
(Do you) N C- know him? Guide: A little distance from Prakash: About 40 kms off the sea coast.
(C price, rate . Rate p
questions h -C.Practice . unit E v.)
Vijayawada. It is on the (\ about = , off =
Gambhir: Yes. It is the bank manager's PRACTICE THE FOLLOWING:
Godavari. Where are you com- prepositions
(. C bank manager C) Vinai: x O -?
ing from? -E-)
Gowtham: Perhaps you have an account (Do begin )
(N-- --. -J Pranav: Is the Krishna a big river?
with the bank. A big account, Vijai: . o- x - 11
f. O-\---* h-o?) Prakash: Yes. It is a very big river. One of
( bank F account -- Robert: From Goa. The beaches of the the twelve major rivers in India.
~- o.
Vinai: x curtains Fo -o. cur-
. l h--?) Arabian sea are really grand. How





tain f o? Fo f-

rate.. at, price.. for

\?
Vijai: . O .320 v o.
h 4500 C.
Vinai: chairs ?
Vijai: chairs, sofa, table Fo--L
12000 C.
ANSWER:
1) last lesson 'The' E Vinai: Do you own this house ?
-J-* -- far is
-o-C: 'The' Vijai: Yes. My father bought it for Rs.11 lakh
, --l - Vijayawada
two years ago.
from the Bay
-x--- 49
-E ---- '-?/
which? o question --E --E - Vinai: The curtains are really nice. How
of Bengal?
h The --L. ( *. much did you buy the curtain cloth
a) He bought a book yesterday. \ -G for? Are all of them the pieces of the
Eo- h -o-. h which same cloth?
-v -B- Khalid: The mangoes are good. How much
book? (o) question , no -- -- M. SURESAN Vijai: Yes. We bought it at Rs.320 a metre.
did you buy them for?
answer. So 'a book' in the sentence. --o. N-- We bought the whole cloth for about
( N--x -o. o?) Rs.4500 (The whole thing cost us
b) The book there is mine. Bay of Bengal * Kesav: At Rs. 80 a dozen. I bought all these
\-o h --C. ' h/ which about Rs.4500)
?) for Rs. 160/-. There was a better
book?' question , The book there Guide: About 40 kms Vinai: What about these chairs?
variety, but the price I felt was too
\-o h E answer hC d. -- 'The' -- : Vijai: These (the) chairs, that (the) sofa,
high. I was not prepared to buy them
2) l _ x----o- x--J To the Southeast, The Krishna, The that (the) table - we bought all of them
at that price.
L- N The hC. j - Godavari, The Arabia Sea, The Bay of together for Rs.12000/- (All these cost
(Dozen 80 --- -p- -o.-
- . The bank by your home, Bengal. x, --v- x- us Rs.12000/-)
O- 160 ---C. -o p Vocabulary items .
the bike, the owner, the bank manager. - *a- the -Lq. C\- *- C. F K
\ O-Eo 'The' hC. *--E (to the southeast) . 1) E---}- = go to a movie/ film/ picture.
\ -E--*C. - 2) --N f--
-F?--Fo
x---o NOW PRACTICE THE FOLLOWING: l )
Gowtham, Gambhir l-J 1) Ram: \ library \? serve a meal/ food/ lunch/ dinner
d. \ 'at' 'for' prepositions - 3) , --N *a x--y-
Bank, bike, owner, bank manager vh-- Raghu: Cl h -j -R}, ---j l. Rate dozen , ,
A-. library -EhC. offer tea/ coffee/ a drink/ a seat
x L- N- -E. O at .
Pavan: Where are the books? Ram: - library l-? (Is begin 1) Gu 20 . -p- o
(-E -p-)
4) coffee a E B-
( -h---\?) L) I bought this rice at Rs 20 a Kg.
Ravi: Can't you see? They are on the Raghu: GLf *o. h- v - He offered me coffee but I didn't take it.
2) She bought her dress material at Rs. 300
table. 5) --E coffee *a O x
-o. a metre.
(-E-- ? table O-o.) 2) Pranav: N-- \? (-- -v ---J-- O 300 . p B-
Pavan: And where's (where is) the pen? Prakash: vB-E 40 km I offered him coffee, but because he was
-oC) angry with me, he refused it/ to take it.
Ravi: There too. On the table. C. When we say we bought mangoes at Rs.80
(\. table O) Pranav: %-g -l ---? refuse= A- \-J--, p-----
a dozen, ( dozen 80. v o)
Pavan: Where is the paper for me to write Prakash: - l C. -- E 12 l 6) y-J-- = accept
, C Rate. d E- at.
(-E paper C?) x C . N p--p h Eo x o, E-*a B
Ravi: You find a lot of paper in the shelf ANSWERS: He did not accept my gift
h D -L-.
there. 1) Ram: Where is the library here? - - y-J
He bought these mangoes for Rs.200
( shelf ---- paper C) Raghu: Walk a little to the north and turn (B)
(to the) left. You see the library.
-x h .200 d--o. He doesn't (does not) accept gifts.
\ The books, The table, The pen, (C price; rate , d for)
The shelf o. - Ravi, Pavan Ram: Is the library big/ a big one? not accept = reject
Raghu: The building is small, but the
h Gu 1600 ---C He rejected my gift =
vh-N-ho books, table, pen, shelf Rx-l-J I bought this bag of rice for Rs. 1600/-
L---. -E \- 'The' ----o. books are many. He did not accept my gift.

-v-o: 1) O Q&A QJ{- - vo ----Nh... 2) C situation u-Eo present passive future J EE *-hC.
''regular - J actions -T---, perfect passive --T---? 2) Which is provided C correct. - p
present passive h--o. -- --C d? J--..? Mouse, keyboard input
- ''A lecturer is appointed by the commit- Input:- "A computer accepts data which is provided devices data C-h. EE computer
tee" text book
- uEo --. F by means of a input device like mouse, or key board" B-C. OJ-*a sentence
regular -- J actions (Input device -j- f, - u- h--Eo N--d. -C?
present passive simple future passive
"input"
y-J--Eo ). v u-E 1) An input device like a mouse or keyboard pro-
--T-. : "In every business 'data'
n h ' u- O C-* y- vides the data.
enterprise, the accounts will be classified on "A computer accepts
C y-J-C. d -- 2) The computer accepts it. p sentence no.1
the basis of one key factor. That key factor is data which has been provided by means of input passive Ja --E L is provides
debit and credit. - uEo. ' - device like a mouse or key board" E p-a? d E -hC . . data,
Debit, Credit - plural. Computer J-- v
---:
-- K_--J-h . C .--.--, --
p J . accounts are classified 1) \ The accounts are classified singular .
E -? Ba--. -- correct, will be classified C
I [- 22 d 2005

Ganesh: Hi Harish, pleasure seeing you j --- made (make) #a prepo-

here. Welcome. Do come in. sitions -E made of, made from,
(, K! Eo \[ [[/ made out of.
y \- [ - 1) All the furniture is made of teak.
C. -L !) Do come in = - Jo- .
L E d p[. h E -Eo made of
O conversation practise . . `of' \[ p-E-J.
Harish: Pleasure is equally mine/ Pleasure We make tables of wood.
is mine too. So this is your new ( tables (-q) \ h.)
home. Really splendid. The furniture a) Vx Et----- ,
is elegant too. \ j- ] d xd-
( C. ]-o- j- [-o.
O h x. C. O Nowadays we are using pipes made of
pieces.
Jo- W- C.) (pipes of) hard plastic instead of pipes ?
'pleasure' -expressions Fo conversa- curtain
( < \- C.) Suguna:
made of iron and steel for construction pur- [ d v -
tional bits. O conversation [ b) She made a beautiful figure out of the
poses. ? d-[-?
pieces of coloured paper. sweat- y
[. -j h (finished product) E
Splendid = excellent j Eh p[ made of
( T- \- t Suseela: ]. \-- -
Elegant = W-j . C). ?
This Table is made of wood- o-p[ \
D made of, made from, made out of ]u- Answers:
. 1. Raghu: What do you want, sir?

of... from... out of

made of.
E-h C. d Ram: I am looking for good tables and
Now practise the following aloud in English.
2) The sweet is made from flour and milk. chairs.
1) Raghu: - O?
( y , h (--[-C)). Raghu: How about these tables and
Ram: x, Ka #--o o-
\[ made y from hC ! , chairs, sir?
(from flour and milk) o-p[ \[ ho. Ram: They are made of plastic. I want
Raghu: x, Ka [.
-j h (finished product) -n- tables and chairs made of good
Ram: N xd- teak.
N . Raghu: There they are sir. Of good teak
# and in a variety of designs.
Ram: They're (they are) OK. I need
x 50
N some mattresses and pillows too.
L. mattress =
Your drink is good. How did you make it? Raghu: N \-[-
bed = - o
(raw material - --/ -) o. #
Raghu: Here are they sir. Made from
Ganesh: Thank you. The furniture is all j E-]. d made from. , NN] M. SURESAN
Sponge, rubberized coir- no prob-
made of teak. Dad got the wood Made of , made from -E.
j-x.
Ram: lem in summer as they are not
specially from Bhadrachalam
N o. Eo
-- [, [ h- -- made only of sponge.
forests. How about having this -j--p[ from --T-L. -, C[x L.
Raghu: \-[-o [. -N Ram: That's OK. How much are they?
sweet? It's vilakand. Mom's (Mom a) T-Eo h (#) h. 2) Suguna: Your drink is good. How did you
has) made it. Paper is made from waste material.
sC . h
p sponge, rubber- make it?
(Jo- . Paper `from'.
h E-] d Suseela: From a mix of grape juice,
ized -j-N.
o- v- [ # b) d ] Eo L-- . orange juice, ginger extract,
p-. y B. C N- The doctor made this medicine from some
(= coir)
Ram: C . ] x o? sugar, and a little pepper pow-
. t C.) herbs. der.
2) Suguna: Ny-#a v C.
Harish: (After taking a bite) It's delicious! herbs)
(L-= (ginger = x, extract = B )
What's the stuff it is made of? 3) Our carpenter made it out of the wooden
?
Suseela: v, --, Cl x- Suguna: Really fine. How about this
(( AE) # C. E pieces. dress of yours?
h DEo?) , - -, NJ--
( v[T DEo NT-L-- \--\- Suseela: It is made of pure silk. Is it good?
stuff = n
- L- Nv-.
Suguna: How are you able to wear it in
---[.)
Ganesh: It's a new variety. It is made from a \[ out of [-o. Eo h-- \- (-E: C u . vo
such hot sun? Don't you sweat?
mix of rice and wheat flour, milk, EN p[ `make out of' -.)
Suguna: C. v? Suseela: No. I am most of the time in our
ghee etc. . Suseela: h d C air conditioned office.
(Gu-p, ]--, , u a) She made the curtain out of the sari
L h.)
: N- y - Lp#C vo: An awareness programme will be held at kurnool on saturday. u p[ O sentence DE continuation
v. -] v-Ao--. future tense ]E . u [. d. an amount of
(flour = , pronunciation- x, flour, flower a) An amount of Rs. 104 crores would be paid in Rajampet constituen- Rs. 104 Crore would be paid... C
- pronunciation) cy of Cuddapah district on Saturday. independent sentence \[
Harish: That flower vase stand over there, u Indirect Speech past tense
? refer would be paid d ]. \[ -
that particularly attracts me. Is it very h? x - -- [s J-Tx - Lq verb will be paid. d. O
expensive? x? C--- --x. Future
(\ x d C. b) 'Dr YSR is sure that availability of funds would not be a hindrance'- --C E n.
C K?) u Indirect Speech - YSR was sure E L ! F b) Dr YSR is sure that the availability
flower vase= V/ v ] News paper is sure E ? - is sure E Lq of funds would not be a hindrance-
vase- pronunciation- British - , h will be hindrance E L ! N-J---. p[ main clause verb
d
American - -/--) sub-ordinate clause verb
-J-L.
Ganesh: No. Our carpenter made it out of
N FL, x-
\[ Dr YSR is sure
E report
h-
the wooden pieces left over. will not be
: a) An amount of Rs. 104 d v p-. ]
-p[ L.
(]. NT-L-- \-\- sentence
correct form.
Dr
v[T Eo [.) crores would be paid in Rajampet con- u ]-- The Minister YSR was sure
E report
h (]-
left over = NT-L---C. stituency of Cuddapah district on said that money would be disbursed to
YSR
o nAE p[
eg. She gave the left overs to the beggar. Saturday- u Indirect Speech the deserving (|-j J [s y- report
ho d was) would not
( NT-L-- E Ga-- #aC.) C, ] uEo -[-C.) sentence ] be- correct.
I --- --C 25 -d- 2005
Radhika: Hi Rama, (are you) in a hurry?
British English Quarter past, half past
- o? etc., \- -. N -
Rama: You bet I am. I am on my way to
- p-a.
class. I'm afraid I shall be late. It's
02.10- Ten minutes past two
already 7.50 and the class is at 8
(- Two ten),
(O' clock)
02.50- Ten (minutes) to three
you bet I am -
-*a-. (
- o-E y bet - (- Two fifty)
j expressions past n: ' E.
a. *a- E .)
(Past - pronunciation = d)
class ho. Late --.
p- 7.50 C. x 8 ) lessons , nEo
Radhika: Shall I see you in the evening -}- past. He is past the building. 6) Before 'of' phrases, if 'of' comes after a Prakash: Yes. From the old testament in the
then? - = Past the age. plural (plural form of phrases
y h Bible.
Kapil Dev is past the age of playing cricket. plural form The
Eo v --? --). Bible old testament
E -EC
Rama: I'm afraid it's a bit early. Make it cricket --C. 7) Before the names of famous buildings, of Prabhat: Just as Maya Bazar is an episode
quarter past five. Past that will be historical buildings, of big hotels, of mon- from the Mahabharatam
too late again. Saikiran: Hi Lakshman, where are you uments, etc. ------E - ---Eo -
coming from? Pavithra: Hi, Puneetha, did you see the - E -B--x
Lakshman: (I am) returning from a party. professor?
Prakash: But I Doubt if Maya Bazar is from
Saikiran: Where? v-- ? the Original Mahabharatam
Puneetha: No, she left for the US yesterday.
-x--- 51 Lakshman: At the wine n' dine Hotel.
Saikiran: Where is it?
No idea when she will be back.
-- ---
- -- --E - ----.
On her way back she is going to
Lakshman: Don't you know? It's near the --, p p v, Nv
spend a week in the UK. She will
C . the Krishna Studio. return home by the UAE. v x 'the' p -.
(\ I'm afraid = I am afraid Saikiran: A nice place, isn't it? What about Pavithra: I think she is the first in her This is the Telugu translation of the koran.
-Eo --; j o the Shelton Hotel near the department to be invited to so C -.
u- --. Charminar? many countries. the Grandhsahib etc. --
x y v x 'the' .
Valmiki's Ramayanam, Vyasa's Maha

India.. The US..

bharatam etc.
Practise the following aloud in English.
Karuna: Hi Kranthi, -Rd ?
E-u-- u--vA h -Eo
v--.
Kranthi: ?
eg: I'm afraid it is not possible for -C ? The Professor, The US,
j --: Karuna: 22* 32u - \---J
me to give it = C y---- Charminar_ Shelton Hotel The UK, The UAE. -v---, - E-u -%A h
y E u- p-.) 5-15 C? (designations), 'The'
- hC. (Lp C -- ---)
. (Make it -E-. Laxman: Don't know much about it. By the The District Collector, The Prime Minister of Kranthi: ? -J (US) , Britain
by I am leaving for Delhi tonight. I India, etc. (UK) ---
5.15 ad -E) -C --
Sx -u---C. am going to stop for two days at (a) The Prime x C ?
Agra to see my uncle Minister of India, Karuna: . -x -C \
Radhika: That suits me fine.
ok
( E) --E -J-* - --L--. Mr Manmohan u---- UAE, US, UK
C conversation C F, --- vA Mx - Singh Rx -o. -Z -A --l-
lessons
p--- dia-
o. J v-V v (b) Mr Manmohan - -N-- (brain drain)
logues Fo NN -sx uncle x Singh, Prime -J-* o -u- --
Spoken English forms. OE l _ Saikiran: You will sure see the Taj, Won't Minister of India.
- uh--J- .
you? Kranthi: ou Maldives
practise , M. SURESAN
Lecturer Post Apply . h
L h x---
conversation
-- p h ? N h - /
. O -- -d--C
Laxman: And also the Rashtrapathi --N 'The' Rx--. Job h --
time expressions
j ---E -
Bhavan in New Delhi. hC (a) - -. - uh , y \- -o.
E-. 7.50, 8 (O' clock), half past five, Answer:
quarter past 5, past that.
Mx -ZA h. / --Nh E 'The' (b)
Karuna: Did you see/ go through the
j -- 'The' -E-: --. C u. -u , N
-C-- ---o : - j Eenadu Today ? The Chief Minister
The Wine n' Dine Hotel, The Krishna Studio, (designation, office - office \-
E *a- p--L-T--p at . The Charminar, The Taj, The Rashtrapathi
has announced a new scheme for
At 3 pm, at 4.15 etc. u- , N --E n) The
the benefit of the unemployed peo-
Bhavan. h- p vl - -.
English conversation ple.
, p photels , J-v d- Eo Z - pf
AM, PM (AM = Ante Meridian, PM = Post Kranthi: What's (What is) the scheme?
c *o-(monuments/ memorials) 'the' . --: The US (The
Meridian) formal
. --pF, Karuna: All the unemployed persons
The
. Hotel v United states of America - C Eo Z
con-
v- a--pF . between the age of 22 and 32 will
u Hotels The
x At the
), the UK (The United Kingdom -
versation hop -sEod l, get unemployment allowance
Centurian, at the Krishna Oberoi . F England, Scotland, Wales and Northern
Kranthi: Is it so? This has been in force in
u-o C --h C . at the Hotel Sheraton At the Sheraton
. Ireland The UAE (The
L pf u),
*a- ---Lq h p in the US and the UK
Hotel d. United Arab Emirates - -
the morning, in the evening etc . in force -
( x)
p--- ---oC. Gulf countries Dubai
F, Abudabhi,
F,
h- - v O' clock Karuna: Yes. A good number of our people
The -s. Sharja E ). ---
. O' clock = of the clock. f the are leaving for the UAE, the US
1) - E L- - ( ?/ which The India
Z , J .
omit h d O \ apostrophe (') and the UK. All because of there
- questions answer a x) o Eo Z- N->. are no employment opportunities.
. N -Eo L N: 2) x--o x--J L- N- The US, The UK N-x, Z,
10.00 AM/ PM - 10 O' clock - Ten O' Clock The President of India, Mr Abdul
v- p-f. India N- Kalam expressed concern over this
10.40 AM/ PM - Ten forty 3) , -q, -v, -v , Indian Union E u--J-*--p The brain drain in his speech the day
04.20 - four twenty x Indian Union .
before yesterday.
- 15 EN, 30 EN, 45 4) y h (mountain ranges) x Prabhat: What movie did you go to,
Kranthi: My brother too has applied for a
EN N- -. , ( y The ) Yesterday?
lecturers job in the maldives. If he
02.15 - Two fifteen/ Quarter past two 5) Before the names of groups of islands Prakash: The Ten Commandments. An Old
gets it he will go. He says getting a
(Quarter = 1/4 hour) (D - x ) but not one
job will make him as happy as if he
02.30 - Two thirty/ Half past two before the name of a single island ( Prabhat: Isnt it an episode from the Bible?
had climbed up the Himalayas.
02.45 - Two forty five/ Quarter to three The
Dy ) CBible Episode
E
I --- --- 27 -d- 2005
Deepak: Hi Dheeraj, do come in. Pavan: Who was the boy with you yester-
Dheeraj: You had a book with you yester- day?
day. What was it? Ravi: The boy with a bundle of books?
(Eo F _ h C . (h- d o?)
h C?) Pavan: Yes, he had also with him a cell
Deepak: You mean the book with the green phone. (-E (_) Cell phone
cover? C)
(Green cover o book Ravi: That's my cousin Raghu. He has
-J- F--C?) come down with his mother to spend
Dheeraj: Yes, Isn't it a novel? a few days with us.
(C novel ?) (Cl--V ---E ---
Ravali: I am busy with the exams.
Deepak: Yes, it is. (Do) you want it? x-t a) a) v-E v-y-u-Eo--
\ with ' n . Ramya: Are you studying alone, or with
(. F ?) A lC
some one else?
Dheeraj: Yes, I am leaving this afternoon for India is the largest democracy in the
Ravali: Alone.
Mumbai. I want to take it with me, world. (largest - superlative)
Ramya: Your dress is nice. Where did
to read it during the journey. b) AP
~-C Zx A lC
you buy it?
-x---
Andhra Pradesh is the biggest state in the
(---. - --uo -- Ravali: At Wear n' See. A hot pack is free
52 South India.
-- ----o-. B- with it.
c) v- u-o y-P Mt
-}----o-. v- - b) Krishna: How were the police able to
Bhaskar: Here is a mango. Very tempting. Everest. Mt Everest (Mt= mount = y)
---E) catch the thieves so quickly?
(\ N C. -J- is the highest peak (P) in the world.
Deepak: First let's have some hot idlis Karim: With the help of their sniffer
hC) Superlatives p- 'the'
-
( x A .) Here are dogs (sniffer dogs- --d-
Bhanu: Let's eat it. Cut it with this knife. . first, second, third, fourth, etc. -
they and here's the spoon to eat sniff-
\. --d-).
( u) OE ordinals 'the'
, O- .
them with Krishna: Were they able to find the stolen
Bhaskar: Let's have some forks also to eat 1) Class first mark
(N x. E A- -E
spoon). Have some ghee money with the thieves?
it with. His is the first mark in the class.
also. Ghees goes well with idlis,
doesn't it? (h u \, x-

I am with you..
u -C .) (go well
with = suit -)
j -- Preposition- 'with'
-E-. with - ' J--C.
The book with you = F o h F _-
o h; the book with the green cover =
green cover o- -h. with me = ; (Eoforks- x-- v) Karim: No. One of them escaped with 2) He is the fourth Prime Minister of India
a spoon to eat with = A- spoon. goes Bhanu: I bought these mangoes with the the hot stuff. - -- vE
well with = E L . money my uncle had given me. (hot stuff = )
-h (O o--J y o --N?, Dr
d with '- E. uncle






( *a sh o) t--- -E o vE,
'with'
instruments, tools, weapons
. with a knife, with a pen, with Manoj: Hi Mallesh, how goes life?
u--x 'o English
a gun, etc.
j . -C What is the
Mallesh: Getting on, Thanks; What's new?
ordinal of Dr Manmohan Singh as PM?
1) - v d Manoj: (Do you) know this, Chandra's
He beat the snake with a stick expression J----. -
selection as
2) v E Pen o the best
J n-yL ?)
He wrote/ noted down my address with cadet of the
y C .
-v-o: a) If I have money, I wish to buy this car. his pen. country?
Pranav: Who is that friend of yours that
was with you yesterday.
b) If I had money. I would have spent It. 3) The killer killed the girl with a gun
best
(v-
had, have gun Prakash: He was my school mate. He was
-\- n a cadet
4) Post office Naxals bomb a- one of my best friends at school.
o.- O- --u N- N- (NCC)
L-----. They blasted the post office with a bomb. We used to compete with each
.-.y-N, -N--- With : - M. SURESAN other in the exams, and we have
---: have p j- troubles
?)
F F - o- always on top at school.
Mallesh: That's the happiest news I've had
-. I am with you in your troubles. Pranav: Of you two, who was not better
She is competing with her sister in a month.
I have a Car \ better --C comparative degree.
(p) Car C. sister ( No happiest news C.)
-C. -u +er, 'r'* a adjectives F,
had --j -- Practise the following: Manoj: Some thing more for you. Ours is the
more --a adjectivesF comparative
I had a car. -p Car C. a) Ramya: Hi Ravali, -E--- first college in the state to win this
degree . Eg: Taller (tall+er),
If I had money. I would have spent it - ? kind of award.
( ? Z braver (brave+r), more beautiful (more +
sentence correct . Ravali: Exams busy o. h - -\ a-o
a) If I had money, I would spend it ---L, beautiful).
Ramya: y-\--E ---o? - College C)
-- (b) If I had had money, I would have - comparative than
y hC.
-J--- L ---o? \ 'The' -E-. The (best), He is taller than his brother.
spent it L. -- n Ravali: \-o ---o. the (happiest), the (first) etc. superla-
C. Ramya: F dress C. \-- E brother .
tive degree of the adjective - 'the'
a) n, -_ p --s, -o? Comparative than h, comparative
; , first, second, third, etc., the comparative
a -. d a d. (C Ravali: Wear n' See shop . D- -. y
present situation) C -. ordinals - L.
hot pack free. than -,comparative 'the' p
b) n _ s , Superlative degree --: :
b) Krishna: ? -- --M- hC.
Largest, greatest, richest, tallest, most beau-
a) Suman is taller than Suseel
a-d --. p _ -s - d--o?
, a d- -. tiful etc. adjective + est
-- + st
Karim: x x \ Suman
* (Q o -)
c) If he studied well, he would pass. -p- F, adjective most EF h C
d--o b) Of Suman and Suseel, Suman is the
A C. --; --- Krishna: ---, x T-L-* superlative degree. (Adjective - h-/ taller.
J-T --. -E - L ; tall boy -
( present --EN.) s d--o? a) Comparative, taller
y
d) If he had studied well, he would have
Karim: . x s boy question tall answer than Comparative
C. d 'the'

passed p---o. hC d, tall \ adjective). - b)
. , Comparative taller
y
CN - (), ANSWERS: n 'u E. than
y Comparative taller
, d,
pass (--, fail a) Ramya: Hi, Ravali, not to be seen at all Superlative degree of the adjective 'the'hC.
u). (these days)? 'the' .
I --- 29 -d- 2005
Ram: Raghu, how tall are you? Salesperson: The price has gone up by Rs.
(, y ?) 3000/-
Raghu: I am 5'9". ( 5'9") ( -
Ram: Does it mean you are taller than me J-TC. - by Rs.
by an inch? 3000/-)
(Does it mean)
( = y o Practise the following in English:
inch
?) 1.
Raghu: of course, and I weigh less than you Priya: y l--?
by 5 Kgs - Sekhar: . F x (by ).
5 Kg
(*a-. Sx Fo Priya: - Eo L-
\) Interview .
Ram: But the length of my shirt is more Sekhar: -N? 10 EN--. The Indian is not so hardworking as the
Priya: Sreekanth p-- a--\-? Sasikanth: uEo %d --E d- -
than yours by atleast 4 Cms. Japanese.
Sekhar: - . (the Indians) (the
--x N u
( shirt shirt
-F 4 Cms -B- x 2.
Priya: Eo F - late Japanese) d- E--.
--\) Pramod: > J---C ?
L- . The cheetah ( all cheetahs - is the *--L)
2. Prasad: *L (Cheetah) > .
fastest of all animals.
Santosh: x F 50 Pramod: -v%-A- v- -\- E
(*--- Eo ---o N) ---C ( v- =
-. The lotus is a lovely flower
Sunil: Meek creatures). - v-
-x--- 53
x C \ ? y C (Eo
Eo ? E). ~---?
Santosh: lC, *o--E-o 4 Kg - ANSWERS
-J C
Raghu: That's because you are fatter than -\. The camel is the ship of the desert. Sasikanth: Have you finished the assign-
me by 3 Cms Sunil: C E- 50 - \. Kuntala: Your friend Kamala has failed ment?
3 Cms
(y o --d) ANSWERS again friend
(O fail
S} Srikanth: No. I will begin it in the evening.
'by' Sasikanth: The lazy always postpone
j -- -E- . 1. C)
Karuna: She is lazy. The lazy never suc- Srikanth: Do the industrious always suc-
by
- u C C Priya: Are you older than I/ me?
ceed ceed?
y . Sekhar: Yes, atleast by 2 years. ( J. x N
Sasikanth: The industrious with a clear idea
of their goals always succeed.
2.

By nine points..
Pramod: Doesn't (Does not) the deer run
very fast?
Prasad: The cheetah is faster than the
deer.
Pramod: The meek always are harmed/
always suffer in nature. Wonder
why God doesn't protect the
a) you are taller than (I)/ me by an inch Priya: Is that why they called you earlier ). She is rich of course, so meek (Wonder = I wonder - n
for the interview? she does ----E/ -Eo --)
b) I weigh less than you by 5 kgs Sekhar: How much earlier? Just by 10 min- not care. from the ferocious.
Fo 5 Kg \ utes. (x
c) by atleast 4 cms Priya: When did Sreekanth come here? sC, -E: Comparative degree adjective
F 4 Cms \ Sekhar: Half an hour earlier than I/ me -E than y me or I? him or he? her or
d) fatter than I/ me by 3 cms = 3 Cms . (Earlier than I by half an hour) l d- she? them or they? - --C ----
Prakash: Congrats, Lakshman. That was Priya: But they called him later than you -) hC .
a marvellous game you played by just 15 minutes. Kuntala: But not all Suman is taller than me/ taller than I.
2. the rich are --x C correct? Grammatical
yesterday (Lakshman, congrats
like that.
M. SURESAN taller than I correct. modern
Santosh: They differ in their prices by Rs
Eo - ). How
50/- ( - usage v taller/ stronger/ cleverer than
many points did you win the
Sunil: Which of the two is the heavier, - ) me/ him/ her/ them/ us - a-
match by? (Eo x and by how many kgs? Karuna: That's right. Among the hardwork- C. - better. taller than I C
I know you were win-
-L-?). ing, there are many who are rich.
Santosh: The bigger one is heavier than the h vC. p .
ning and left before the end of
smaller by 4 kgs. (C E. d- E- x, C u .
the match (y -h-E L a) My friend likes the mango better than I
Sunil: It costs less than that by Rs 50/- -C E- o)
Rx--). \ : The rich, the lazy, the hard- b) My friend likes the mango better than me.

Lakshman: By nine points (9 points / working. rich (so, E--j), lazy (J \ Correct, y n-.
Anjan: Hi Arun, which is your most favourite
C-u-) -), hardworking (industrious) = d- a) n. mango d. d.
wild animal? mango
Prakash: At the half time itself you were O-Eo-F adjectives - \ d.
leading by 4 points. (Half time
(N %- F-\ d-i--C?) L -o . the b) n. d.
Arun: The tiger, of course (L) mango
p- y 4 points C-u--/ -x n hC. C x o d x E.
Anjan: Doesn't the lion look more majestic plural. Tall = -j, the tall = -x (plu- clear (a) My friend likes
-- -o) That's a C L--
than the tiger? (L-o ral); Fat = j, the fat = -x; the mango better than I do do
good lead. (* C-u) E ---Eo
\ -Eh-C ?) poor = H, the poor = H-x. extra -h.
\ /--C-u C Amar: The elephant is my favourite ( 1) -x d-x -
'by' -h-o .
favourite ). It looks grand and The tall play better than the short.
a) Lx- x lC
is not at all ferocious like the tiger or 2) E- H-x L.
She is her sister's elder/ older than her sis-
the lion. (- grand -Eh-C. The rich should help the poor.
ter by two years.
3)
-v- o:
L, - v-iC ) E- \ E-----o. H-x
b) necklace necklace Did not he play cricket?
\, 'the' . The E \ H--x---o - -u-
---\. countable singulars... lion, tiger, elephant The rich are getting richer, the poor are Interrogative negative not he
- --
This necklace is costlier than that by Rs. . The tiger, the lion, the ele- getting poorer. --*a-C. -E -Eo -s-x -vA-x, -q-
2000/- phant. 4) x j- not he -y- -h-C. -- ---.
Salesperson: What do you want, please? The tiger is my favourite The lazy never prosper --: Did he not speak the truth?
Customer: How much is this wrist the tiger Practise the following in English:
----: (a) Did not he play cricket? o,
\ A C -- -.-v--, ----y
watch? watch( K-?) Fo E. the lion, the elephant = 1.
Salesperson: It's Rs. 2000/- ( , - E. Sasikanth: Assignment Jh---? (b) Did he not play Cricket? o .
-) The dog is a faithful animal Sreekanth: . vA v-Gh. (b) \- - C. , con-
Customer: But it was Rs 1700/- last \ (Eo \) Ny-- () Sasikanth: xp h-. tracted form --p, (a) hC.
week. (- 1700 AE h -J-* p- count- Sreekanth: d- ---x- N - Didn't (Did not he) he play cricket? C
o) able singular the J--C. -? spoken english \- .
I --- 1 -d- 2005
Bhaskar: What are you looking at, Bhanu? d prepositions - ,
(Eo h-o ?) English -, . -
Bhanu: At the little boy there; He is sitting i \ -.
on the arms of the chair. He may
prepositions ---T-- J* Eo
fall down any moment.
general principles ---- -u.
( *o--xo. Ka --O Spoken English Correct - N
aE o. ~-j o --- - --.
a)
1) Pavan: I wrote a letter to my sister yes-
Bhaskar: He is in real trouble. let's go to
terday
him and put him down.
( E s-C o. ( sister Eo letter )
Ravikanth: Did you tell her about the Suneetha: Is your home the one behind the side of it (beside it/ by it/ near
_ Rx C
) book exhibition here? post office? to it) there is a book shop.
(O x Post office -?) What books do you want to

- ---i- ----!
Bhanu: That will save him from trouble. (\ h v-z J*
(E sC * --C.) p?) Supriya: No, it is by the Post office. buy at the shop?
Bhaskar: Surprising, no body to take care
of the child
( Gf v-h - Rx-
\ -- au C)
j -- - -E-. N...
at, on, of, in, to, from. --C
- prepositions .
English prepositions o vu
\. prepositions A, u
N C. preposition Pavan: Yes, I did. I wrote to her to start Karim: I want some Computer books.
- -iN Nh vu-. by the 9 AM train which arrives They are not available in our
Prepositions - -u , here at 5 PM. town.
E -li N- --. (p. NtC train -x--- 41 Kamesh: Then you get the books you
preposition, y preposition -l--Lq-C . \--C 5 want at the book stall behind
L vo - . - -C) the theatre. Near that there is
-- English %- E--x -- to my sister, about the (. \) another book stall too. You get
-p. English C-N- F N - book exhibition, by the 9 AM train, arrives there the books you want.
It is between the
here at 5 PM - expressions to, about, (b) Pranav: Where were you yesterday?
. --- y -- Post office and the
p----a. by, here prepositions Fo- sentence Pratap: At my friend Tarun's
Income Tax office
English prepositions Nh o -Eo ---o . Pranav: Where is his home?
(Post office,
vu----, - y a - sister (to my sister), h Pratap: Very near mine. Only three
Income Tax office
vu---Fo English --h. v-z J* (about the book exhibition), 9 M. SURESAN buildings are there between
Sundar: He has come from Vijayawada.
train (by the 9 AM train), 5 - u) mine and his. There is a big
( N-- * a) (at 5 PM) Fo Nh vu- j p prepositions Eo-, v-- tree in front of it.
, N-- * . h-o . C prepositions o u- *N, positions L--N- Pranav: Isn't there a bank beside his

English from Vijayawada --E i v. Sentence u o ? home?

. Practice the following aloud in English: Pratap: Yes.
C. -J? to my sister; (c) Sravanthi: My book was on the table
a) Karim: _- \-- Book shop
He will be here till 5'o clock.
E J*?: about the book exhibition; ? yesterday. Why / How is it in
(till 5'o clock = 5 ) train ?: by 9 AM train; Kamesh: OC * your bag today?
Sukumar: When will he go back to Eo- : at 5 PM. Swarna: Yes, I took it. I wanted some
C. EE - book
Vijayawada? Fo English Nh %- -, information in it.
shop C. book shop
(N--- = to Vijayawada) N x ----. h- -----o? Sravanthi: Why did you keep your bag
Sundar: He hasn't (has not) yet told me of Prepositions -u \ ? Karim: Eo computer books L. under the table?
it. 2) Ramana: These flowers are nice. Are N x ---. Swarna: Because there was no room
(of it = E J* p-) they from your garden? Kamesh: , F -Lq q cin- on the table.
( -o. O ema hall o book stall (English --E - -

vo:
--?) --. E _ s place/ space j -. Room
-E- from- garden . book stall C. \ L.
1. Discuss y About ---j ' . ' y --. Bus jp C v C.
? aC. b) Pranav: Eo y\o? There is room in the bus only for 30 passen-
Explain -- Rahul: No. They were in the basket on Pratap: friend x gers)
2. F --? the table. I took them from the Pranav: x-\? p--- position L preposition
(Eg: , x) basket. Pratap: _. Rx- Eo-E --o. \? E vo-h
DEE Tx- --- (, Table Oo d u buildings y-Lq ---E prepositions .
3. ' O NE-- o. x* Bo) v o. Rx positions L JEo prepositions:
h DEE Tx- \ -E- ? from, in, on l d C. Sukumar: Why has the train stopped?
L? prepositions -C-* Pranav: \ bank C ? (Train TC)
4. 'Just' usage E p . Pratap: . Suman: There is flood water over the
---. 3) Prathibha: Where are the flowers? c) Sravanthi: h Eo table O bridge
C. F bag (Bridge O F C)
5. ' u o s ---E - ( \ o?)
Prabha: They are in the basket. The ? The whole area on either side
*-h-o DEE Tx- pL?
basket is on the table. I bought Swarna: . B-o. of the track is under water.
>.---yx, o, K-- >x
: the flowers at the flower stall, - Lq (Bridge -j- o v--
beside my uncle's place near *aC. E-T--C= under
1. Discuss, describe, mention, explain, the Post office. Sravanthi: F bag table d-- water =Fx )
state, remark- O y about . (in the basket= d , on the table= ? Sukumar: Thank God, All the passen-
2. What is he to you?/ How is he related to table O; at the flower stall= --d ; Swarna: Table O - d gers in the train are safe
you? beside my uncle's place= --Rx (F train E v---
ANSWERS:
3. I will give you a song/ Let me sing a song \; near the Post office= Post office _) ~ o)
to you. (a) Karim: Is there a book shop anywhere Above, below, inside, outside, beyond -
-Fo- in, on, at, beside, near- v-
4. Just= p, just= only, v Eo L prepositions. - E p-- near here? N positions L prepositions. OE
5. Of late he has been hesitating to ask me E OE ? positions L Eo Kamesh: At the end of the street there O ux .
for money. prepositions l. is a medical shop. Just by the
I --- --C 2 -d- 2005
Ram: Hi Shyam and Prem, well met
at: 'at' ---- -- --
You are talking
(--- ).
about the college day perhaps.
-o-. p-C l.
Sekhar: How good are you at Telugu?
College Day
(O -J-* x-
- well met
--o-d-o? = --- (O - a?)
Sanjeev: Just give me some time. I will be
conversation
- *--C. as good at it as you are. (\h
practise ) time y. F
Shyam: Yea, about the item we want to
present.
x--)
Sekhar: I am poor at Hindi ( C )
(. V v-Jz-- Sanjeev: I am quick at picking up languages
J*) (- y h)
Ram: And what's that going to be? (
- -- -.
v-Jz----o?) the temple supervising some repairs.
a) He is good at giving such talks. Sushma: Doesn't matter. conversa-
(D O
Prem: We are yet to take a decision about ( - --}-. V v-
b) Our Principal is good at picking such tions I am at
---)
it. (E -J-* Eg B- . vA v- h. x
experts. leisure. (at leisure pronun-
-S;
Lq C) Engineer friend \ o.)
good at j N L--. ciation: measure
-. ,
Ram: OK. O, that reminds me. There will Dad: Your mother needs some medicines.
Poor at Maths Maths . pleasure What do you
).
be a talk on 'Decision Making' by Perhaps the shop is open now.
Quick at understanding want?
Prof. Nischai tomorrow at 6 at col- Shop
(t L. J
y n ----. x Sumana: You are good at English, Please
lege. Are you coming? (, h- -?)
*aC. reminds me = h*a x- , u y 'at' . explain this lesson.
Amar: That shop is my friends. He opens
a) - -- N- u h Sushma: I am good at English, but I am not
-p- ---- 'od h- shop quite early. I think it is open
He is slow at doing things. so good at explaining.
*aC, E E-C English. O con-
versation . J- 'Eg-

talking about..
-v -J-* Prof. Ea--
x----o college . -O-
h-o?)
Shyam and
Prem: Oh, sure. No missing it. Prof.
Nischai is very good at giving
Sumana: I am a little
such talks. We will certainly now. ( shop friend C.
slow at under-
make it. miss
( . y- Bh. p J -
standing

-x--- 54
- N--O things. Our
--)
x-) teacher is fast.
j -- -E-*C
Ram: Just as our Principal is good at pick- , -s 'the' -,
Many of my
ing such experts. ( E-- classmates
-s 'the' ----. J-nA
Principal
- -) b) Maths
- E-- u v- hC.
He is hopeless at Maths. are quick at
Shyam: That's true. M. SURESAN Eo v- vu- Eo ---
c) grammar learning.
Prem: You are right. -
Sushma: OK I'll try. Let us see how good I
J-N- . School, college, institu-
prepositions about, on, at He is bad at grammar. tion N Nu-u--E, Nu -
j -- am at it.
d) --J Cd (learning and teaching) J-N, vu.
-E- . --C , b) Pavan: What do you know about the
about J* E. About the book = She is the best of all of us at singing. hospital, clinic, nursing home N
movie?
Now practise the following aloud in ju -E, ju --E vu.
h-Eo J*. Prakash: What movie are you talking
a) Eo - -J-* paper C English: temples, churches, mosques (masjids)
about?
Sushma: Hi, Sumana, N -, --, vn-- vu
We read about him in the paper.
a? Pavan: The one showing at Navrang.
Sumana: busy v-. v-/ n vu --
b) school days
x -x J* x- y o-N-p? (Showing The movie is
-.
--o Sushma: y-. -S- o, L now showing at the theatre. vh-N-h-o-p 'the' .
p? I A B
They talked about their school days. E - 'run' E
Sumana: F English -a . les- Students/ go to school, college,
c) E -J--* h- . The movie ran for a hun-
son h explain -. lecturers/ are at university etc.
I do not remember any thing about it. dred days)
Sushma: English --a. -E professors...
on: Prakash: I think its (it is) a movie about
A p x- B p x
l, u N-- -J--* Explain -- p-.
on
-p- . corruption in politics.
Sumana: n ----- h slow. Pavan: Yes, that reminds me. I read an
vu - h d,
He is going to talk on decision making school, college, etc 'the' . N--
teacher - fast hC. article in the paper on the same
Eg vv -J--*. classmates --C y topic yesterday. maga-
x, schools, colleges, etc --
a) v-y--u-Eo -J--* u C (vA--, --Ex, go to/ are at the school/
It is essay on our democracy.
a---. zines u- articles
college etc.
Sushma: OK. v-Aoh. l ) There were some lines
b) j t--u- -J--* E-C C A student goes to college/ their parents go
--. in it about this movie.
It is a report on farmers suicides. to the college.
b) Pavan: O -J-* F ? Prakash: I read it too. The writer is very
(to meet the principal, pay the fees, etc)
Prakash: movie -J-* y--? clever at this kind of analysis.
II (devotees),
h - -vn- -n-
Pavan: -- p- ---o movie Pavan: Talking about articles, (N--E- They go to temple/ to church/ to
---.
h talking about/ coming to) all
J* mosque, etc.
Prakash: C --- N-F-AE J* the centre page articles in the
the engineer is at the
- --,
paper are good. The trouble is, all
-. temple to supervise some repairs .--o
of them are on politics.
Pavan: p h-*aC. Eo paper






(-\ -}- )
-v-o: Direct -* Indirect speech a- Eo -J--* l u
C. Eo lines Amar: Dad, I am starting for college. When
III Doctors, nurses, patients go to hospital.
Ox--Jhospital hospital
E d,
p Interoggative sentence if
-- will you be there? 'the' Amar's
. - --
*vEo -J--* --o.
whether if
hC. E p college father, after returning from the hospital
Prakash: C u. E - ( ho. O-p--
L? whether p - L- \?) o . \- patient ,
- Nx-- - L-N--- doctor
Synthesis of sentences (so- Dad: You mean, at the college? (y--, -}--- E .
----. . (Nx- analysis) college You know, mother is A patient is at hospital. Their friends and rel-
that/ neither nor, not only but also) - Pavan: u N--E-h, vA cen-
?)
going to hospital. I am taking her atives go to the hospital to see.
-T- -l-- -N--J---. tre page articles Fo business persons open
there; after coming back from the - -N---
.--_-v-, . Fo ----- hospital I will see you at the college. shop, close shop, are at shop. go to
--j-
N-- -J- . (t hospital ----C . the shop, are at the shop.

---: Direct * Indirect speech Answers

Sushma: Hi Sumana, What brings you *a- y
Hospital
B---o.
college
*
-h.)
Karun: What's your brother, Kesav?
brother
(O h- --?)
Ja--p, (Interrogative sentences here? conversational expres-
(C Where is Arun? ( \?) Keshav: He goes to college.
) if , whether . sion. conversation
C O Amar: He has gone to temple. You know college student
( - o-
Synthesis of sentences -J-* 'He goes to college'
) today is friday. Every friday he goes . D-E-
N-Jh. Sumana: How busy are you now? to temple. His engineer friend is at --E N p-).
I --- -- 4 -d- 2005
Aravind: When are you starting for college? Praphul: Too many visitors for you
(College -p- -l- (F a-x K -\-)
-o?) 3) For -l--, -}-, --- (pre-
Bhanu: Why, as usual at 9. pare), - - (ready)
(? - Nt-C-) E -L verbs \ hC. j -
Aravind: But yesterday you left even at 8. -
(E Eo y E-N-C -l- a) start for, leave for, set out for (Eo-
. Even at 8= at 8 itself = n -l-- -)
E-N-C-) Delhi -l-- / --x
Bhanu: No, I started at 8, but it was not for leave for Delhi (setout for Delhi)
college. I went to Suman's and b) prepare for the match; be ready for the
from there, we two set out for col- match; practise for the match b) The names of things unique of their kind
b) Ao-Dl -\ = The more we eat,
lege at 8.45. (Unique =
4) Famous, well known, known, (--C/ j- A C h the fatter we become.
(E-N-C- -l-JC, college v-Cl--C, etc) y 'for' -h-C. --) c) -*--Dl _ = The more you
. . \-o* L Notorious for. c) The names of rivers, seas, oceans,
college -l) walk, the more active you are.
Practise the following: ranges of mountains, groups of islands,
set out= -l-- conversation d) h \--Dl L \ = The higher
Subha: (over phone) Hi Sobha, - thanks countries formed by groups of states.
. you climb, the colder it.
Sobha: (for ) [Imp: No 'the' before the name of a single
Aravind: Have you sent for Bharat yet? No.2: uh x , - h,
Subha: y N -x --. mountain/ single island]
( / \--* N? d) Designations and offices (No 'the' before
, x (proper nouns) , the .
d?) \ The Amitab, The Sharook Khan
-o x-E u-i --

What for?..
J , x Jx*a, E 'the'
.
1) 21 -l D
He is the Gandhi of the 20th C.
( D-J x -
Bhanu : What for? (? -u designations and o. DE ----h- E)
for what E ) offices if you mention 2) He is the Bhima of class - - class
thereafter the name
-x--- 55
Aravind : Have you forgotten? We have got H.
to practise for the match next of the person) Now Practise the Following:
week. e) before a countable
(--*---? a- a) Krishna: Hi Kumar p---\o?
Match practise Sobha: singular, to talk of the
-L ?) N-- *. N-- v-Cl- Kumar: - Hollywood -.
Bhanu : He is in Chennai for his cousin's whole class
, T--Lx - (
f) the superlative degree
M. SURESAN Krishna: Mumbai ?
wedding. I'll (I will) call him today varieties) Kumar: . \ -o--Dl --
and tell him that we should pre- Subha: of the adjective,
pare for the match.
j--- --p ---
g) the comparative degree, when it is not fol-
E--*C. Mumbai.
--o? (Start .) Krishna: v%A u (Beauty of Nature)
(x cousin R} j o --}. Sobha: j--? ? lowed by 'then'.
phone match ready Subha: v-V---E. p -: - Qt. C -
Manohar: Good morning Mahesh, why are Switzerland C. \ Dal -
Lq E h) Sobha: o vA h-o.
Aravind: Tell him to start early. He is known you up so early? ( y q Boat trip -C.
AJ--*a--y j--
for his game but notorious for his Ev ? Up \ Ev---. \ --o ---
A -*-h. (Leave ).
lack of time sense. simple . -E-hC.
t -J C .
(y t. Game -- Subha: y h F V- - Conversation ). b) Prabhat: Hi Prakash, C-
E C. -- Time sense = --E J. Mahesh: I get up (am up) by this time o?
punctuality = - -- F every day. I go for a morning walk Prakash: u a. fami-
Sobha: OK.
C.) (-p time * -h). ly E -.
Notorious=-J- \---L Answer:
Manohar: Walking is good. The longer you Prabhat: t-_?
Shubha: (over phone) Hi Sobha, Thanks a
walk the stronger you are.
= - x, - ( Prakash: x -J-* -\
-. a notorious murderer= lot.
Sobha: What for?
h ) x- *C.
C -. Famous actor = Mahesh: That's true. But my classmate ANSWERS:
v-l ) Shubha: For sending me mangoes. Where
Sudheer walks 6 kms every morn- a) krishna: Hi Kumar, Where have you
j -- for . are they from?
ing. And really he is the Amitab of been?
1) uC (period of Sobha: From Vijayawada. You know
classmate
our College. ( Kumar: I was in the Hollywood of india
time) for hC for 10 minutes Vijayawada is famous for the two
Sudheer W 6 Kms -h. Krishna: You mean Mumbai?
(10 E-N-), for an hour (), for 3 varieties. Rasaalu and
years (-x) etc.
College N-) Kumar: Yes, the more I stayed there, the
Banginapalli.
Manohar: Why so? (-E?)
2) 'for' u -- , l-P-* Shubha: Then when are you starting for more/ the longer I wanted to stay.
Mahesh: He is as tall as Amitab (N-
n-. Hyderabad? How beautiful Mumbai is.
) Krishna: If you talk of the beauty of nature,
j -- Sobha: Hyderabad, what for?
a) Send for Bharat = -- /-- Manohar: And who is the Sharook Khan of
Subha: To spend a few days with me/ nothing to beat Kashmir (Kashmir
b) what for? = - /- - your class?
for spending a few days with me. dC . Nothing to beat
c) for the match = match /match (O class Sharook Khan ?)
Sobha: Dad is leaving for Mumbai tonight. Kashmir). That is the Switzerland
Mahesh: I haven't (have not) thought of it
(l) Only after he returns, do I think of of India. The boat trip in the Dal
d) for his cousin's marriage = cousin (E -J-* ---*--)
Hyderabad. lake is very pleasant. There too
Rx--/- -Rx - -Eo-x 'The' !
Subha: If you come I want you to be here the more you stay, the more you
e) o v Delhi o = The longer you walk, The stronger you are.
for a week. want to stay.
Dad bought this dress for me in Delhi. ( The Amitab of the College; The Sharook
Sobha: Ok. b) Prabhat: Hi Prakash, you look sad
/ - l-P-*) Khan.
f) h - = This book is for z z z z z z No. 1: h *C. Prakash: My Uncle has come he is the

Ramesh. -p-- Eo lessons 'the' Sakuni of our Family

u- English p-p Comparatives
g) Praphul: some one has come for you. -J-* a-o N- v-: . -- -- 'the' p L. Prabhat: Is he so bad?
(-F - a.) We use the before a) E -F Dl --E--hC. Prakash: The less we talk about such
Prasanth: for me? at this hour? a) The names of great and holy books (The The more you see it, the more you wish to people, the better for us.
(-? -i?) Ramayanam, etc.) see it.
I --- --C 9 -d- 2005
Charan: Hi Chandra, how are you?
a) F * \ a-o G---
Chandra: Fine Thanks, how are you? = congratulations/ congrats on your
Charan: Same here. Thanks. Congrats. good marks.
(Congrats = Congratulations -v- Congratulations = -j --j- -C-*-p-
u----q -- -\ -- = -p-C. --E --- thanks h.
--G----) b) y Eo-j-- Congrats
Chandra: What on? (?) Congrats on your election.
Charan: On your fine performance in the c) congrats
-*--
play yesterday. Congrats on your excellent action/ per-
formance.
(y Eo - - d) Congress con-
L*--
- -*--) grats. Congrats to congress on its excel-
Performance - ---q - \- lent performance in the elections.
a) vA--E x \ O ---- Mohan: - -x d O \
-- = j, u (Performance -E-) s, \ time % h-
He depends on his sister for every thing.
u-i N-Eo - 2) Comment on: Comment uu . - \ time ---
b) {Eo d
Performance in a play/ movie/ Comment
-/--G-v- L--a-.
'on'. Crops depend on rains. .
game/ as a leader = -/ E- y Girija and
a) c) Fo s--d ?
perform-
/ -- J p --- -J-* - Sailaja: y O comments h-od.
He always on comments on others. Everything depends on money.
ance play=
J Ey-/ E-B. = b) Lakshman: p -l-?
make comments/ pass comments d) N v d ---C
x = - --; E Madhu: F O -- -C.
uu - n. Success depends on hard work. y-p ready p.
n - C.
Chandra: Thank you.

on the campus..
Charan: Every one was commenting on
your action only. They were all
praise for you
Chandra: Oh, that's (that was nothing).
Thanks any way. How's your
practice of cricket going? Hope
you will be on the college team for
5) Spend on: Lakshman: late y--.
the finals. ( -----. E C
thanks. cricket practice
u. x G- * o.
-x--- 56
F
C? College finals team Spend = a--d-. x L--p- -
y---E P-ho) -- (V, .
Madhu: --E
Charan: Not so bad. Every thing depends b) ----p- -- -J-* uu-E--
)
on my game in the first two a) -O --h-o?
He never comments/ makes comments/ Lakshman: F -*a. E congrats.
matches. passes comments on others.
a d M. SURESAN
Chandra: And what are you going to do dur- c) performance
- -J-* uu - He has spent a lot J - A M.
(of money) on the house. Lakshmi: selections \ -- -
ing the vacation? -. -E - -E -
b)
- h -C vo. W u h o?
(-x ---o?) Lakshman: College campus .
Charan: (I am going to) spend some time It's (It is) easy to comment/ pass com- I spend two hours (every day) on exercise.
ments/ make comments on others' per- Answers:
on bowling practice. (I) need to c) practice -
formance but how well we do a thing is the a) Girija: How much did you spend on the
improve my bowling. bowl- He spent the whole of last week on prac-
( question. dress?
ing practice bowling tice.
L. 3) On the team. team . -- - Sailaja: I spent Rs. 2500/- on it. Isn't (is not)
d) E p d- \ a -
-----Lq - C) (in
-o. - ' n) it worth so much?
Chandra: Ok, then. Good luck, bye. Anil spends a lot (of money) on clothes.
--xEnglish on
hC. G- (worth = N; is worth = N -
(, F %d --E J, = on the list; on the rolls,
d = Spend y on , waste y - N - / ----
on the premises; on.
h-J) --= Nu- - - = Worth/ not worth. The movie
Charan: Bye - = on the campus, etc. e) TV h time % h is not worth half the price of the ticket =
j -- preposition 'on' a) Eo team a He wastes time on the TV/watching the TV. E ticket d s- -
-E-. We do not take you on the team. f) - friends time % h . Waste.
1) Congratulations p--p, b) G- -- -C He wastes time/ a lot of time on friends. Girija: I think you wasted at least Rs. 400.
v: What on? His name is first on the list. Now practise the following in English: I won't (will not) spend more than
c) -- E--N t-A- a) Girija: dress d o?
: On your fine performance. I do not allow such things on my premises.
y Rs. 2000/- on it.
2) commenting on (Spend) Sailaja: I spent at least two hours on that
d) C College - --
3) on the college team Sailaja: 2500 -. hC ? selection.
It did not happen on the campus.
4) depends on Girija: F 400 - E O % Mohan: Generally women waste a lot (of
4) Depend on = C common. -
5) spend time on C depend = ----. - -. - 2000 --- money), a lot more of time, on
O preposition 'on' Eo -s. E/ JO ---- d. dresses, and still more on make up
1) Congratulations (Congrats E . English . Depend Sailaja: F dC selec- (still =).
On.
) y p y p 'on'. tion . (spend, I ) Girija and
Sailaja: Just as you are commenting on us.
-v-o: Home, House, Residence - Home, house - --N- -? She has two houses in Hyderabad, and one b) Lakshman: When shall we start?
nx --N? OE p-- in Vijayawada = j--- x, N- Madhu: (Everything) depends on you,
p --T- N-J---. -- x -o. But She lives in whenever you are ready.
-C v-tu, J E -J-* x-o x x, Guntur. Her home there is very close to the sta- Lakshman: Doesn't matter if we are late.
home. tion = Guntur Doesn't (does not) matter =
----: I. Home- ,
*-M-o C v . x y-.
Home yn n - C. House
(E) x. business house,
, Conversation practise .
u- E- My home is Nellore. yn x. The House of Tatas- -sx u Our names are the last on the
x home. -j He left his books at home
E n . list. We shall be able to reach by
J Lx--v-, o--t- books () -x C--. III. Residence: C - formal. Phone the time our turn comes.
, \--x-x C 3) Home = His home is England.
.
numbers, address N p--p Madhu: Who else is coming to
(-)
home. -u home 4) Home = Minister for home affairs.
Q.
. Residence phone no; Residential be on the team?
- -sx my, (Q -_ u- vA)
your, his, her, etc. --\-- 5) at home and abroad = y-, N-x. address (office phone no; office address Lakshman: Your selection is definite
. 6) Old age Home, Home for the blind- Go). \- home phone no.,/ address (*a). Congrats on that. I
I am going home x 'v. -a. don't know about my position
(to my home
--h-o. ) II. House = -j house . - uh E-- Residence (position = J-n-A/ --A)
He went home an hour ago He bought a house last year The Prime Minister's residence, Lakshmi: Where are the selections?
(His home
v --x. -\--) -q x o. The governor's residence, etc. Lakshman: On our college campus.
I --- -- 11 -d- 2005
Sheriff: Peter, Who are you waiting for? His parents are waiting for their daugh-
J h-o? ter's marriage. Once that is over, they will
Peter: For sagar. I've (I have) asked him marry him off.
for some information and a few d) --hC. --E wait
books.
-.
. o -, I'm (I am) very hungry. I am not able to
Eo h- -.
wait for the meal any more.
Sheriff: You have waited for an hour now.
He hasn't even phoned you. Wait for = await. await
y E h-o vC. conversation wait for .
. F Phone - J. 2) Ask for: -J-j j -
a) I am looking for a good book on Spoken
Peter: I am sure he will come. Any way, Samrat: - ?
a) o -. -.
English
let's hope for the best. I need the
I asked (him) for his help. But he did not
(- = author/ writer)
books badly. Spoken English O * h Sarat: - jE-. -
help me.
h- t. -i h-o. ---o. John stall.
b) o Eo h- -TC
Pl. h- b) What are you looking for? Samrat: E p h?
-. She asked him for some books. Sarat: FC C-N--Dl ---E--hC.
E- h-o/ ---o?
(need badly = -) c) -- \ E. C Eo -- - -j -
Sheriff: How long more are you going to (-j = rare)
wait? It's already time for dinner.
College } time
b) Chakri: F _ pen ?
-- h? p- -x--- 57 No use looking for him here. It's the time
for his college.
Charan: C. F ?
C ? Chakri: pen refill --C.
Assignment complete - .

Have you a pen? Charan: Assignment?

Chakri:
Charan:
. Physics chapter O.
\ pen -. \ shop
j refill a---a/ ----
C.
Practise the following:
Chakri: - thanks.
Peter: I told him to be here for dinner. So vo - Suman: -J- h-o?
I'm sure he will come in a few min- Answers:
n, E - Suresh: College bus .
utes. Ah, look, here he comes. Hi, n ask y a) Sarat: Have you read the book on the
Suman: Ng h-o.
Sagar, why the delay? for . o s -. table?
--E t-o E. d q- --: I asked him a few Suresh: -\ -Lq time C. Samrat: What's the book on?
- a-h- t C. questions h- EN--. Sarat: It's (It is) on an important event/
C -x a-. , Eo vo -. M. SURESAN Suman: x o Vx episode in World War II. This is one
--u? She asked her friend to s h-o. (Wait of the best books on the subject.
Sagar: Looking for an auto took all my time. wait ) Samrat: Who is the Writer?
-E -TC. Suresh: job apply --d-o. Sarat: He was also a soldier. Name, John
h-o--x -u-iC. Next week orders h-E P-h-
They asked me why I was there stall.
j -- preposition 'for' - o.
E-.1) Waiting for 2) asked for 3) hope for -\ --o-E x o--. Samrat: Is it such a great book?
Answer:
4) time for 5) look for. --C-- for -o j -sx ask y for . Sarat: The more you read it, the more you
Suman: Who are you waiting for?
n, -- Eo . 3) hope for: E-j- P--. hope y feel like reading it. Reading it is a
for -. Suresh: For the college bus.
English \ o prepositions rare experience.
Suman: I am waiting for Vishnu. He has
a) * --- Pl. let's (let us)
for . -E E -- J - asked me for some money. b) Chakri: Have you a pen?
hope for the best.
-E conversation conversa- Suresh: (It is) time for him to be here. Charan: I have. Do you want it?
b) They hope for an early appointment.
tion effective C. Perhaps he will be here in a few Chakri: My refill is/ has gone dry (has run
1. Wait for: J , h, -
y u h-E P-h-o. minutes. out of ink - is dry/ has gone dry -
* . hope y 'that' begin u Suman: He is waiting for the money his dad x ink --C = run out of
Wait for me, please
h for . will send him in two or three days. ink). I have not (haven't) completed
c) He hopes that he will get the job Suresh: He has applied for a job. He hopes
h ? my assignment.
4) time for: E-j timea-C/C for the orders next week.
a) Train ho Charan: Assignment?
---E time for . C 2) CN a/ an, the -C-*-N.
We are waiting for the train Common. Chakri: Yes. It's on a chapter in Physics.
Practise .
b) Exams a) It's time for dinner (Dinner time Charan: I need the pen too. You get a refill
l C) a) Sarat: table O o h C-?
Let's wait for the exams to be over b) Time has come for us to leave in any of the shops here. (Refills
Samrat: E -C-* h C?
(Let's wait till the exams are over) -l--Lq time C are available in any of the shops
Sarat: v l- E u-i
here.)
c) Lx--v x-t Rx - time for breakfast, for dinner, etc. - J*. O h-
E o. - -h. 5) Look for: -- - C best. Chakri: Thank you for the advice.

-v-o: Below, beneath J-i n- L,

E -s-; -- Famous, Famous.. Popular.. --? A popular movie star- v-G- C
E-- -J-* L---x, E- -
Popular J-i n- L, E x d- .
-s- N-J-. popular v-G- E. famous o- cinema star, famous, popular a.
p L, NE --E vu \. 'popu- - *v p actor -J-* Lh
---: Below, beneath -y- N-Jh.
.-Q-%g, -, - ->-x
lar' -*---JE _-E - x famous. *v p--,
Famous v -Cl--\, vuA C. C-* v G--E--, d---. v-Cl--\-- G--E--x popular stars.
v-F- -C L-, --C NE o x/ x d-E-, p, A famous song - a- .
E. \. Popular uh- d--, A popular song- G--E, Cl
Abdul Kalam is a famous scientist = v Cl x- -J-* x L----a 'mass' song E.
C Y-h --C, Y --E A famous movie star - v -Cl--\ E-- E- Tendulkar is a famous cricketer- \ popular
x - ---- -J-* -J-* NE -- -J-* L-E/ interest E x .
o E. -/- - -J-* .
I --- --C 16 -d- 2005
Anil: Hi, Trishal, where were you last
:
evening?
b) By the time I reached the station, the train
(Eo v \--o?) had left. station
train
--J, R}-
Trishal: Most of the time at home.
C. Train sta-
-R}--- ,
(Eo \ x o) tion the train had left.
- y, d
Why, what's the matter?
c) My uncle too had waited for me for ten
( N?) minutes - 10 EN- , y
Anil: But Sunil told me he had seen you
-l-, had waited - had + pp
going somewhere
d) Seeing that I had not come -E
( -y-\- h--- , he started for home. ---,
E Sunil p) earlier past action, d had come - had
Trishal: He seen me on my way to the sta- Lakshmi:
+ past participle. C a: Eo o. -R}
tion to receive my uncle. But by the a) The Moghuls had ruled India before the
e) I had kept it for two days... when I l .
time I reached the station the train British ruled it (British b) Pratap: Hi Pramod, y bike o-E
returned it to the library. had
\ -J- --
had left. My uncle too had waited for had ruled,
--- - L-. Prasanth p , o--
kept had + past participle (pp)
me for 10 minutes. Seeing that I ruled).
J-Tpast action -L---h-C .- .
had not come, he started for home b) India had been under Moghul rule before Pramod: -. -E --o.
\- -o u N: it was under British rule (British
on his own. - Pratap: O cousin bike -o?
had + past participle always expresses the Moghul
( uncle station h- , - C). Pramod: . Eo L- C, C
earlier of two past actions. --, lesson o
o-p . station t--E.
--}-J train --*a --R}--C.

He had been an actor

uncle 10 EN-
-l-)
But why did you want to see me?
( y o- -----
o?)
Anil: I wanted that book on computers verbs: had been (be Pratap: -J?
from you. form - o Pramod: bike h bike
(F _ * computer book
-x--- 58
N-- exchange o-E p.
B----o) o N-Eo Answers:
Trishal: I am sorry, I don't have it. I had kept hC), had + pp
it for only two days till the day (action - J- a) Lakshmi: Hi Ajitha, when did you return?
before when I returned it to the a) pass u-E p. When I phoned yesterday your
T x
library. He told me that he had passed. (pass EE -L- M. SURESAN mother told me you had not
( _ C-p, v-V - - , p- y . d ) returned yet.
E o library -a.) J past action, had + passed (had + a) u v-G-- teacher Ajitha: That's right. I arrived half an hour
j ---E verbs: had seen, had left, pp) - = He had been a teacher before after you had phone. What's the
had waited, had come, had kept Fo b) R} teacher E--C. he started business. matter?
She had worked as teacher before she b) Lawyer practice rail-
v-G- - Lakshmi: Leela told me yesterday she had
had + past participle form o .
ways E = He had worked/ He brought some sarees from
-- form of verb les- got married.
had been (o) in the railways before Mumbai. How about seeing
sons -. verb form: had + past had + pp -C-* 'be' form had been. he started practising as a lawyer. them?
participle. Do past perfect tense . --, 'be' form p --Eo c) sisters unmarried
x R} u--- Ajitha: She told me the day before she
DE --- l: -C. o = He had been unmarried
had given away most of them.
a) Sunil told me he had seen you. \ two C - a: until his sisters got married.
Lakshmi: Still some more are there. Let's go
past actions ( J-T -- a) NTR had acted in movies before he Now practise the following in English. and see.
Sunil Eo -, N entered politics (politics - v-P a) Lakshmi: Hi Ajitha p AJ--a? O b) Pratap: Prasanth told me that you had
p-) o. , , E-x -. -- -C Eo phone h O bought a bike. I think, the day
y. Sunil, Trishal -- action (u). J-T past action t Ny -E pC. before (yesterday).
, N Anil p y d, had acted - had + past participle) Ajitha: . y phone - Pramod: Not yet. I think of buying one.
. \ J-T E Sunil, b) NTR had been an actor before he was a y . Pratap: (Are you) buying your cousin's
Trishal -, had seen had + past CM (CM , actor o). N? bike?
participle form - -E- L \- verbs had been, was. Lakshmi: M j * Eo < a- Pramod: No. Only yesterday I came to know
. past actions 'be' forms . -, he was a CM - E pC Eo. Rx he had sold it off.
, y J-T, J-T (-p) CM (p -). l? Pratap: Who to?
past action p had + past participle -- actor - d had been an Ajitha: p- - a--E o Pramod: He told me he had exchanged his
form C. actor. pC . old bike for a new one.

-v-o: 1) Would you come please? -v-o: English Newspapers Headlines -Fo simple present
Could you come please? tense h-E?--Fo J-T-- N- !
- N? would - past tense of will 2) Could would difference --N-? ---E --
-. \ would, could --T-? -sx use -a?
2) Sell this vehicle off (Active Voice),
---:
.--, --.
What does she want (Active Voice). -O-E Passive Voice please ? C more formal (\ --v,
N- N-J---. 1) - --* question. English -o vu ~, historic
could ). -- J- E, -N
3) The function went off well n L--h, went off present. J-T--- present tense (sim-
uh- request. ple) -. C newspaper headlines \.
n \, h----x --- L-- 2) sell this vehicle off. DE passive voice Let this vehicle
Prime Minister Inaugurates the conference.
---. be sold off.
-u, What does she want passive what is wanted by her. \ Inaugurates h-o-F , ---o-F
Eo -s-x- p - sentences active . --E. C English p-.
---:
-.
natural C. Here was I already late to the station. Just then my brother

1) would, should, could -J-* y ---. could 3) went off well - J-TC E. - phrases comes with the news that I have forgotten my ticket. \
you come please? C, 'would you come please' o n oxford/ longman's * dictionaries , 'go' comes p-. effect -.
\ u * request. would you come, . 2) could, would -J-* N-- ---.
I --- -- 18 -d- 2005
Sivaram: Hi Unni, what's new? c) His mother told me that some one had
(--J --C. Practice it in stolen them.
your conversation) T-L-- , p- y d
Unni: Have you seen Kiran of late? had stolen (had + pp)
- u o ? d) She was sure that they had gone for
(of late = lately = u) good.
Sivaram: No, yesterday I did go to Kiran's. N ----F - ---- -----E
But by the time I reached there, he t- C. - , d
had gone out. I missed him by had gone (had + pp)
minutes. Krishna: That means you applied for it last
had + pp N- -E--Lq -ui Gopal: y . --
Saturday
. Eo R}- }. F N- -o.
}-p- - - -R}--.
b) Sarat: Who are the police searching for?
R}-. --E -Eo -E-N-- - Krishna: \ watchman ?
(Police x (Plural). Police = a
-- miss u. Gopal: - p Principal uo
Police man. Plural Policemen/
Unni: Why did you want to see him? classes Fo cancel -F, -
Police persons a.)
--} -R}-?
Sivaram: He had promised to lend me the
-x--- 59 R}--E. Karim: For the chitfund company director
Krishna: y TC (Transfer certificate) Sarat: What happened?
CDs of some latest movies. So I
apply --p? Karim: He had collected money from all and
went to him to get them. a) had + pp -, -
Gopal: Apply - E y p--E disappeared/ left town
\Eo E- CDs h--o. JT, x ,
N a---E x. y J-T--p v. . Sarat: When did people know he had dis-
b) J-T EE vh-N---p Krishna: y last saturday apply appeared?
Unni: Let's go now and get them now.
p-R} a-- E? had + pp - . --o-. Karim: Just Yesterday. He had run the com-
pany for two years when he ran
away. He had collected by then

They had gone for.. Rs. 2 crore.

Sarat: When do people learn? A number of
chitfund companies had closed
shops even before this (happened).
Practise the following also:
Sivaram: No chance. His mom told me yes- Anil: I saw the movie, 'Nenodda Neeku?' on b) Sarat:J o police
Prasad:
terday that some one had stolen the TV last night. (Eo vA TV , x? p \-C?
the suit case with the CDs in it. It 'l F? E ) Karim: Chit Company director .
(= Vehicle)
was to the police that he had gone Kumar: Eo B-}.
Krishna: I have seen it too. What a bore! Sarat: J-TC?
when I went there. He wanted to Prasad: Mechanic - -Eo- p- Jh
( x. N!) Karim: J _ s B-E J--
report it to the police. I saw it last Saturday, I think. repair ?
(J--= disappeared/ left
CDs suit Anil Kumar: Eo repairs Jh . p
- . o E town)
case T-L- -E Eo Eo-vA C Sarat: - J---E p LC? * condition C.
xt pC. Eoo \- past action, time Prasad: --o Eo-p?
Karim: Eo. J----p- company
R}--p R}C police known - saw
-E x -. p- x Kumar: xo. - o sales-
report y--E. (past doing word) man u *aC.
Unni: Does he hope to get them back?
- collect .
Krishna (Collect= ) Prasad: -- -?
N --- E --o Sarat: p - a-- ? Kumar: Student. - job a time
-? C past action, time DE Chit Fund h--.
Sivaram: I don't know. His mother was how- not known - -E M. SURESAN Answer:
Companies --f .
ever sure that they had gone for \ have + pp. S} Prasad: Where is the vehicle (now)?
last Saturday E time h-o d saw. ANSWERS:
good. Kumar: Kiran has taken it home.
J. xt v - independent, single past actions a) Krishna: Was there any one/ Was any
Prasad: When did the mechanic complete
- t- C. E , had+pp p- . j one there when you went there?
the repairs?
(For good = permanently = Jh/ L- past actions - past doing word; time Gopal: None. People (Every one) had left
Kumar: Yesterday. It is now in good condi-
y-. Practise it in your con- pE past action have+ pp/ has + pp. the place.
tion.
versation)
-sEo d related past Krishna: Wasn't (was not) the watchman
Prasad: Who is using it now?
actions, N sentences h p there?
Unni: Really unfortunate. Kumar: Kiran's elder brother. He got the job
had + pp -a. Gopal: He told me that the principal had
E -%-d- . I went there at 4 PM. He had already gone. of a salesman just the day before
cancelled all afternoon classes.
j -- --T-* verbs sets -\- --v -- -- }. (yesterday).
That was why all of them had gone
: a) reached- had gone out; b) had p- - R}--. Prasad: What was he before that?
away.
promised- went; c) told- had stolen; d) had Kumar: He was a student. But he had not
Practise the following aloud in English: Krishna: When did you apply for the TC?
gone, went; d) was- had gone. completed his studies when he got
a) Krishna: Eo y-\- -}-p- Gopal: I had applied for it before you told
j verbs vA lesson the job.
j o? me to.
had + participle form o
verbs o . a) had gone out, b) had -v-o: "General" - DE pronunciation -- Dictionary *a Phonetic symbols d, - make a mark / distinguish
promised, c) had stolen, d) had gone. ! -- "G" - "e" ~ TV English News Caste , NE --- (oneself).
--J had + past h EE ' - --. --J --. -v-o: 1) She goes to her friend's on sundays
participle (PP) form o verb p, the "Get" pronunciation - -- ' -v-o: 1) "Would" Present , Past 2) She goes her friends on sundays.
? Future -- .
earlier of two past actions ( J-T - --- --C j--C?
- --x J-T Eo) h-E. . -, *o--x-f, j--- - -C* usage Jh -v-o- -s-x -When, Why, What,
---: ---. How - ---T----?
p j -- J-Eo ---: 'g' y 'e' h ' --E 2) u-, -, - ---, x
a) By the time I reached his place he had rule O . English - -Tx-- ---? ' - --:
gone out. Pronunciation p -E J-i -Tx- C? -- -u-x 1- ) Correct; 2) Wrong.
\- --J - --R}--. -- rules \. .v-u, - English Questions: i) 'Wh' words
b) He had promised the CDs and I went G y e h ' -, --: (What, When, Where, etc.,) -u
there to get them. ' - C, 1) Would - y- ---. vo, ii) N E vo. 'Wh' -u
CD h--- , -}- -* English *a--- 2) u- Warmth/ affection; vox 'Wh' word - L.
y d had promised. Eo d C. - affection; - attachment.
I --- - 20 -d- 2005
Pavan: How long can we be here? Mohan: He says you will soon be a minister
---\ -? Ravi: I, A minister!! It's sheer nonsense.
Ravi: Why? There's no hurry. We can be How can I be a Minister
here as long as we like. What's the vA!! - n E
matter? N .
? - --- j -- look at the expressions- can
- -. N? be, can understand, can read, can't (Cannot)
Pavan: Then let's listen to this man. He is speak, cannot follow, can translate etc.
saying some thing in Tamil. Can you Fo can verbs . N two
understand what he says? forms( -) o ?
h-oC N. N- 1) can be-C be form - -Eo C.
h-o. pC 2) can understand, can read, can speak, etc.
y n ---? Focan + 1st Regular Doing Word (1st
Prabha: Come, Prasanthi, how can you
Ravi: I can, but only a little. He says he is a RDW) form. e) \p
She can't (cannot) come here now. be so harsh/ unkind to me?
palmist. He can read our palms and N - (Actions) *-h.
tell us of our future. 1. Can: (ability)
--C -n uEo verb.
L f) *o N n -? Prasanthi: How can you talk so much non-
(n --). vh(present) F, N-u Can't you (can you not) understand this sense?
Palmist - h---vC- (Future) F --, -- simple thing? C day to day situations vocab-
E p-can . Practise the following in English: ulary/ expressions practise : (Prn:
a) He can be here in ten minutes. Prabha: CM (become
-L-T-...- Pronunciation)
10 EN---x \ --. )
1. get up -
-x--- 60
(can be - be form --- --- Prasanthi: . y CM --? Ev---
-C) Prabha: -- F t? (wakeup a F C h u)
2. have/ take a bath - o .
(bathe - o , v o

I can speak..
o-p- Do- p .
-- -v-o a swim in
the sea)
3. have/ take breakfast (Prn: -v-d) -l
--.
4. boil: (prn: ) J-T--/---
u p-. h b) F-- - - E-\ - Prasanthi: y CM
-, 5. fry: -,
N-u p----o--. -
(Read the palm I can be here as long as you like/ want. F, 6. bake: (prn: ) --N
h--) c) -\ - - nonsense Ep O a. Bread h
Pavan: But how can we understand him? He He cannot be (can't be) here for more than v d Bread : Bakery (--J)
can't (can not) speak Telugu and we an hour. x- Snacks/ refreshments/ eats -
can't follow his Tamil. d) President
-B -- - --. - -- - correct English
- --- n --C? - - Prabha: y M. SURESAN . English .
- x--. E Any Indian citizen can be the president. N- 7. pastime: - ~--E N.
Tamil n -. ? (- |) J- 8. lunch: -/ --uo .
Ravi: Ah, here comes Mohan. He can e) F t y CM - --? (harsh/
unkind - J--i) 9. Dinner: () vA . (prn: '
speak Tamil. You cannot (can't) be a CM for your life
Mohan Tamil
h-o. - x-- Fo (can be) be forms- --Eo - Prasanthi: y nonsense E \---.) V
-. -L--h. x---? u-i . -s
Mohan: What's going on? ( --C?) 2. can + 1st RDW - action. Answer: Dinner vA - -C. L--x
Prabha: If I can become the C.M..
Ravi: Here's a Tamil Palmist. Can you a) C x--- uo a.
Prasanthi: Wait. How can you become the 10. Supper: (prn: \ -)
translate his tamil for us? I can speak Hindi well.
CM?
Tamil palmist.
Tamil
--- b) Tendulkar --? V *J vA-W -E
Prabha: Are you sure (that) I can't (can-
pC - p--? Can he play like Tendulkar? . u .
not) be the CM?
Mohan: That's OK. Go on then. c) subjects
O C---?
breakfast, lunch, dinner, supper -
Prasanthi: I don't (do not) know if you can
(The Palmist studies Ravi's palm What subjects can you teach?
become the CM or not; but you W j O , A/ An, The .
and says some thing in Tamil - d) English
O x---? can certainly talk a lot of non-
Tamil h) How well can you speak English?
sense.

-v-o: Infinitive , modal verbs Eo u A- 3 a) Book, Madras --Lq-. -v-o: -Tx- commands, orders ---E () Conditions
--o. - -u-x --- -N--J---. (F - -L) NC---E Should must . F
1) a) They have to have gone there C clear --L- sentence . text book h be forms is, are .
b) They should have gone there b) - should been sent , should have been sent -?
2) a) They have to have been there - correct. p n. h ---Lq F 1) u- . C N * -L
b) They should have been there ---.
3) a) The book was to have been sent to Madras 4 a) O car green paint * -LqC.
-- text book To be an agricultural income... The
revenue is derived from land E - \-o. -
b) The book should been sent to Madras ( - , sentence clear -)
The revenue should be derived.. E a .
4) a) You have to have your car painted green b) O car green paint -LqC.
b) You should have painted your car green ( -, O. colour paint ) 2) vd o -* N-- -
5) a) She was to have taken that bus C --q -N- j -L -; text
b) She must/ should have taken that bus . book The trust should be registered with the commis-
sioner of I.T E , text The trust is registered
---:
.----, o
with commissioner of I.T as per the provision of 12A E -
1 a) They have to have gone there C. J \- is registered should be registered u
x\ R} -LqC, } -L-. ? - u - nEo hC?
b) They should have gone there
u -?
x-\- --}-LqC, F }-.
---:
Sentence 1) a construction
* have to have
. b , -
gone expressions, usage . E 5 a) bus \ -LqC.
1) 'The revenue should be derived' - correct,
They had to go there simple
n- J--C. (\ , sentence x clear -L-)
2 a) 1a) sentence
DE ---- J--C. \ b) She must have taken that bus. O--ox.
They had to be there,
- simpler direct
bus
*a- \ C. 2) C , The trust should be registered correct.
C. sentence n Rx-\ -LqC (). ( , \C) O n --o-x, is derived, is registered
(F o -L-). DEo sentence clear She should have taken that bus. - J-C E. rule p-
p. bus \Lq C, F \-. should be derived, should be registered correct.
b) -D-n: Rx-\ -LqC, F . bus
(- \C).
I --- --C- 23 -d- 2005
Mahesh: Hi Ramesh, you can sing, can't you?
Kishore:
problem?
--, y -- ? Kumar:
cousins weekend \
Ramesh: Of course I can. Why, what's the mat- .
ter? Kishore: x t.
. -----o? Kumar: x . Rx-\- - interview -
Mahesh: You can participate in the singing -ho. x-- interview C.
competition at college next week. Kishore: --y -- -- picnic enjoy ---
a- - -- _--a. -. --y-j- ---E -v--Ao-.
Ramesh: Oh, no. I can sing but not in a com- Kumar: cousins \--o-p -
petition. ? l. x , x
. -- F x phone h. correct p--h?
v . Eo-d F h. Answers: b) Bhavan: Hi Bhaskar, Congrats.
Mahesh: O come Ramesh. Tell yourself you Kishore: y o E----- (disappoint) a) Kumar: Hi Kishore, What news? Bhaskar: What on?
can, and you will. ---o. y - p Kishore: How about coming for a picnic / join-
-. - _ C . Bhavan: Sekhar told me yesterday (that) you
, N. y ---E
Kumar: F picnic postpone --? ing a picnic this weekend? will you had got/ won a prize.
F y p, ---.
Picnic miss - - d . come for/ will you join a picnic this Bhaskar: O, That's nothing. I got that prize for
Ramesh: I am not so sure. (- -t weekend? Ten of us are going. the best essay in the essay writing
) Kumar: This weekend? I'm (I am) afraid I can't competition.
Mahesh: You can try at least, Keep telling your- (cannot) come. Bhavan: I Know you can write very well/ I know
self you can, and you will be able to Kishore: What's (What is) the problem? you are very / quiet good at writing.
-x--- 61
do it. Kumar: My cousins will be here this weekend.
But I didn't know that you had got/
--, --, E p- Kishore: Ask them to join us too.
(-) . y - won the prize until sekhar told me. let
--.

How can we..

(keep telling - h---- continue
telling. keep doing something / contin-
ue to do some thing - E h
)
Ramesh: Ok, I'll try. v-Ao-h.
can
j -- o verbs -E- me tell you. I can't (cannot) write so
Kumar: They can't (can
. lesson -o n Kishore: -Eo -p-x --. - -- post- well as you. congrats again.
pone ------? not). They are
\can . ' n Bhaskar: O, You're praising me too much/
Kumar: Ok. \-V . h N. coming here
n u(ability) can
L---- . that's praising too much. How is your
Kishore: y p- h-o. for an inter-
response (reply) Ramesh: Of
. cricket practice?/ How is your cricket
b) Bhavan: Hi, congrats Bhaskar. view. They
course, I can. conversation can you do
practice going on?
Bhaskar: have an inter-
something? -question -- E? (That's praising too much- spoken
Bhavan: prize view that day.
I can do it, F *a-E Eo
English
- y---E E Jh -
,I can I
J--C. --- o. Kishore: I can't (can not) M. SURESAN \)
Bhaskar: . - l N . enjoy the picnic Bhavan: We have been practising for the past
can't (cannot) . Jh sentence .
college x u-h u-E without you. Do try to come/ try to one week. only four days are left
Bhaskar: I can play cricket very well. In fact I
prize *aC. come. (Do try - d p--E - (NTL o) for the tournament.
can play better than some of the
Bhavan: y ---E My Fielding needs some improve-
players in the Indian team.
)
. F prize *a N Kumar: How can I come when my cousins are ment. I am sure our team will make it/
Bhavan: Oh, can you? (?) -- p-- -L-. ho . here? Let's (let us) see. They will reach the finals.
Bhaskar: You think I can't (cannot) ?
Bhavan: (Do) You mean the selectors don't
F -. -J phone/ call / ring me tomorrow or the (make it - (j) ---)
G---. day after, when they will be/ will come Bhaskar: Isn't' (Is not) the tourney (tournament
know your greatness? Bhaskar: y o K T--h-o. Thank
selectors here exactly. Depending on that I'll (I -) in Hyderabad?/ the
F p- -L---? you. F cricket practice C?
Bhaskar: They can't. Moreover, I can, but I will) let you know. tourney is in hyderabad, isn't it? when
Bhavan: V- practice ho.
don't play. tournaments - --V Kishore: I'm (I am) sure you will not disappoint will you be there for the first match?
xn -. --, E C. fielding ----Lq me. If you want you can come. Where Bhavan: On the 22nd. Our first match is with
. - C. team finals - there is a will there is a way, you the khammam team/ the team from
? Spoken English can, can't - t C. know. (you know - -) khammam.
(can not) - J ability (-n u) -J-* Bhaskar: jv-- tournaments. Kumar: Why don't you postpone your picnic? Bhaskar: Ok It's time for me to leave. All the
--- - --a. O-p \ 1st match? Kishore: We have made all arrangements. best.
Now, Practise the following aloud in English. Bhavan: 22 K-. 1st match t How can we postpone it? Bhavan: Thank you.
a) Kumar: Hi Kishore, team . Kumar: Wait for a day I'll let you know tomor-
N-? Vocabulary / Expressions:
Bhaskar: OK. J time C. --}-L. row.
Kishore: picnic h? (Prn- Pronunciation)
All the best. Kishore: You are coming definitely.
weekend C--CN ho. 1. Attend (Prn:
Bhavan: Thank you. -\---) - -
Kumar: -? -. (Definitely) certainly - *a-). -- attend/ school/ college/ place of work

-v-o:
1) Rajani has to work along with Ravi
Rajani is to work along with Ravi
2) They have to hold the programme
They are to hold the programme
3) The SP, Naveen Chand who was to
attend as a chief guest in this pro-
gramme was not / had not/ did not come
yesterday.
j u-xE is/ has to, how to/ are to, was/ had
( %Ah/ NC Ey- x }-/
We have to start now to meet him - --E ----E p ----)/ Marriage/ meeting/ dinner/ party/
---L C --Eo/ J-n- -Ah-E *-hC. celebrations etc. O-Eo- ---,
She has to stay at office from 10 to 4. -, -}- n- come, go, be
Office 10 * 4 L NC. present attend \ .
She has to take care of her child, so she is unable to come.
a) Eo- School -.
J-nA (Gf --) E-y-.- He didn't (did not) attend school yesterday.
You have to be here at 10 OJ-\ 10 L C c.
b) O -R}-- ?
2) Rajani is to work along with Ravi Rajani Ravi -L E---L/
-----C/ --hC \ C ----Eo -J-* ----C. C Whyriage?
didn't you (did you not) attend the mar-

not J - *a. -- o p--xF,

Rajani, Ravi *a cxE x --L E---o/ h c) --C a.
--- d-?-N--J--.
l , C--\ E. have to/ has to L h, -L-. am to/ is to/ A large number (of people) attended the
---: are to/ was to/ were to N- L, -
meeting.
1) Rajani has to work along with Ravi E N E---L/-E \, - --C. d) dinner h-o?
Lq C. \ Rajani has to E L. -J? -- 3) u--AC O-- -- C/ --Lq--, F , E DE Will you/ are you going to, attend the dinner
*a c-x/ -o ---x/ J-n- vs--x -- . n correct a-x p sentence- The SP, Navin tomorrow? / Are you attending the dinner
E--x-j N E---L/ --Lq hC E. has to he, Chand who was to have attended as the chief guest did not come yes- tomorrow?
she, it . have to I, We, You and they . terday. was not come- English
j had not come
. \ J-.
I --- - 27 -d- 2005
Sridhar: Hi Neeraj, just how busy are you?
busy
-F- , y busy
?/ \- can - question form , permission
o? ---E (--A- ---E) -o.
a) -S} p --- NtLo?
(\ just = . conversation When can I see you again?
- 'J - just --.) (asking for permission)
Tarun: Not at all. What's the matter? b) E x?
-- --. N? Can I go now? (asking for permission)
Sridhar: I am in a hurry to get home. Can you c) Can I use your pen?
drive me home on your bike? pen
O (permission)
-?
bike
y xL. F O -o - 3. Question form permission ---E
- -B---? can
-x, statement form permission

Tarun: Drive you home? O no. You can take y--E .
my bike if you want. I am tired of driv- a) You can keep the bike till 5'o clock. Answer:
b) Question form I/ we permission --
ing for the day. y bike -C-- --a. Kareem: Can I see you/ speak to you for a few
-E . minutes?
EEo- B-}--? x -. - (giving permission) c) Statement form request, permission y-
kasyap: What about?
--. -- bike B-. b) You can take my bike. -E .
d) Statement form possibility (u - Kareem: It's a bit important.
bike B-a/ -B.
kasyap: You can talk now. I am at leisure.
(giving permission) ---o -N---E) .
Kareem: There are a few vacancies for typists
c) Ny -}a. - Practise the following aloud in English:
jobs in your friend's company. I've
You can go now. (giving permission) Kareem: O (a few minutes) x-
-x--- 62 d) y ----- \ a d--
E -O-x-.
-a? (see/ speak )
Kasyap: E N?
(have) applied for one of them. Can
you help me to get the job? My father
told me to talk to you.
Kasyap: Who is your father?

You can talk now

Kareem: Syed Mustafa.
kasyap: O, I know him well. Your father knows
my friend too. Your father can talk to
him.
Kareem: You can influence him better.
Kasyap: Can you come here tomorrow?
Sridhar: How long can I have it? you cannot spend more than Rs. 100/-. Kareem:
h u-i Kareem: Certainly- when shall I come?
----? (you can spend = you have permission to N. Kasyap: (At) this time tomorrow.
Tarun: Will three hours do? spend upto Rs. 100/-) Kasyap: p x- Vocabulary/ Expressions
? 4. D: . BJ- (prn=pronunciation)
(will do =. An income of Rs a) Driving in such traffic can be dangerous. _ o. tnap = Ev/ Ev---; u uo
10000/- a day will do for me. I don't traffic drive - v-- Kareem: O friend com- y (After lunch, he usually
want more. V C- - a/ C. pany typist has a nap)
. - l) \ can, possibility (u- --- jobs S M. SURESAN tCut it out = . d-d
Sridhar: O that's fine. Thank you. -E-E) C . C can o. (-j -- N--- N-Th
Tarun: You can keep the bike till 5 o'clock. Go -. apply . o- O cut it out, come to the point )
by the other road. The traffic along this b) <x }l. --. tClass _-d = bunk;
Don't go out in the dark. There can be
x ---o. job a- O ts *, class, E _-d = malinger
road at this hour can be heavy. Driving
in such traffic can be dangerous. snakes. (possibility)
- --? (prn: L; 'L \ -),
Kasyap: O o---?
- 5 -. -f c) v -- -L-T---a. = malingerer.
Kareem: Syed Mustafa. t/ J~/ q N - (-\-,
- -}. road l. time (- C)
road traffic Dl \- The journey can be very tiresome/ tiring. Kasyap: - . friend O o- --}-) = take an auto/ rickshaw/ taxi, etc.
a. Driving - d) He can give you trouble. Be careful. -J . x--a You take bus no.7 to go to the station.
v--- a. vh. F trouble h-/ y-- . (7 number bus
\)
j -- can o verbs . (possibility / ability). Kareem: O- \ influence ---E. tJ d = soiled clothes
1) Can you drive me home? O can -o uses. v- 'can' Kasyap: Ny-\- -? His clothes are soiled.
E d J--u
B-}--? a) Question form u, I/ we Kareem: p-. -p ? trags = The beggar is in rags
L-.
2) You can take my bike bike B-}. REQUESTS . Kasyap: v j . d- *J-T fx o.
3) How long can I have it?
------? vo: O Spoken English QJ{- ' u- Practice ---: 1) What about you? C How about you? -.
4) You can keep the bike till 5'o clock. E noun form --o. l . C L C p-j -sEo d O
5) The traffic at this hour can be heavy. ' practise E verb form - -hC.
6) Driving in such traffic can be dangerous. --T- j--C ! 2) I haven't money E -u . I haven't any money
can can EF, I haven't the money E-E . I have no money
---: Practice, Practise - advice ,
J* ---oN: XE-, -t, ..->x
ability (-n uEo) ---E . -d --i-C I haven't any money.
' ---, --- n-. advise - . Practice u; I haven't the money n, E ( ----E) --
-- can -o J-Eo n, practise- u- --. s _ E.
-- l: a) I have the practice - u-/- 'Are you buying a car?/ Why don't you buy a car?'
1. Can you drive me home? \ can drive, -- C. Practice makes us 'I'd like to, but I haven't the money/ but I don't have the
ability ! \ Tarun request perfect - u x J--g hC. money.' (the money = car
vo: May can --o. May I help you - can I
- s)
-E Sudheer can --o b) We practise the game everyday - W
( B-}-? n). can u-h (). -E \ practise u help you E h-o. Can C Natural ability -C-*--
request (Nch) --E -a, question n - practice L . may can use L? can E Natural ability
vo: 1) Seventh class English Reader (Mother tongue) page No 52
-
form . Eo N- use -a.
1) h -F pen -h-? 'Trees' Poem When evening changes into night, and when
---: Can, natural ability E L---hC, correct ' n.
.---, --
Can you give me your pen? / Can I have a moon floats on the sky. They hum a drowsy lullaby. the \
your pen? moon a moon
--L -. - L-----. He can do it, C --. can --o
2) O EN- x--a? 2) Are you studying in Seventh Class? DE -- -p--a? J-Eo --- offer . - -\
Can I speak to you/ see you for a few min- x j y--/---. E can question form
---: 1) 'a moon' line a p (printer's error). The moon
-v -, ---o
utes? , may .
3) Can you lend me some money? ---L. May I help you? = O -?/- --o O
h p-h? 2) Yes, I am. -----? C offer. C formal -
-\- can question form requests -
--T-*--x ---h-C -! can
vo: How about you? What about you n J- E x offer.
Can I help you? Dn O/ -F -?/
--T-- N? --T-----o-p
question form u you , I/ we - j -a? - ---. I haven't -O-/ -F N --? E informal
requests -a. money / I have no money n -, --x- E , J- o x offer. May I help
2. How long can I have it? --T-L? ---. you? - formal offer. Can I help you? - less formal/ informal
bike
- F --a? Q, j-- offer.
I --- --- 31 -d- 2005
Pooja: Hi Raasi, what a surprise! you, here!
Q, -Ny-\! N? j -- -E , can a
verbs -. -- --- .
Raasi: I am on my way to the spoken English
Institution near here. You know it. The 1. You can't (cannot) find the time
4th building from your place. F BJ-- --- --o-. (ability)
spoken English Institution
\ _x 2. Can you do me a favour?
h-o. F -. O -* --? (Can - request)
- building. 3. Can you let me spend...
(I am on my way to -\- ho.
O x -? (Permission/ request)
On the way J)
Pooja: Come, Raasi, you go there everyday, 4. I can neither go home...
and you can't find the time to drop in at E- x , (ability)
my place. 5. You can, by all means
ya, p- Bhavani: p--. c) Manoj: -E -J-* Ja-h-o O?
W \ h-o, ---E (can permission/ request)
v -B-J ---o ! b) Prakash: Sekhar -J-* F G-v Rajeev: --, - E.
6. I can't (cannot) give y-. (ability)
Raasi: I joined there only a week ago. I had N? (Whether - begin )
been thinking of seeing you and we met. Manoj: - N?
Vinai: -----o?
Can you do me a favour?
Prakash: * player team Raghav: j--- Cricket Match tickets

-x--- 63
-\ J - --C. O
-----o, --o. B---E. L . - cricket board
*o - --d--- ?
(Do a favour -)

I can't give..
Pooja: Doing you a favour! That will be a real
pleasure for me. What's it?
F - E -.
p.
Raasi: Can you let me spend the lunch break in
your home? We have two sessions with
a break of an hour in between. Vinai: l _ . -E --
7. You can have C. Possibility -.
I can neither go home nor stay at the --. E-- o p------E.
institution.
Fo p--- --o 'can'
Concentration - Manoj: -- F . -p
lunch break O x -a. --.
classes break
-. -J . ---
u Now Practise the following aloud in English.
C. x , ---\ Prakash: ---.
(Use all that you have learnt so far)
- . Eo Rajeev: C E-- -L-T- -N--.
Pooja: You can, by all means. Only I can't be a) Bhavani: birthday. OJ-l p Ba . M. SURESAN Raghav: worry . -- p-----
there at the time. I am sorry I can't give h ? Vinai: - -E .
you company. I go for my dance classes Sucharitha: O
at the time. Don't worry. You can have
x p- N -p? match p - d) Nagaraj: Ny-p- time waste
tLo? d?
my sister Pallavi's company. o }F.
Chandra: Cake p h? Prakash: F M. a Sunday ?
p-, , time x Prahlad: S} -p --. Eo?
company Bhavani: Correct v 5.30. -L team -* players
- -. F y-. Nagaraj: time -j-.
time dance Sucharitha: --,. C- -\
x---h.-- o. x- --L-T x. Prahlad: ---. examC.
-. Lx xN F ---. . Vinai: . x N F --.
F company C. Chandra: 5 class C. 5.30 matches . , x
(By all means p-, EoN) Nagaraj: x -?
-. - late h. -L-. Prahlad: p-.
Raasi: Thank you.

-v-o: ' < C ? uEo O -Tx- ''Isn't -v-o: I saw a devil, I happend to see a devil -
that sari nice/ beautiful"? o. u -q n, uEo . E verbs p *aC.
E -Tx- aJ --q C. uEo Model auxiliary verbs \ have been h n
''Is that sari nice/ beautiful?" --? E hC? could be E Eo n- a-x
---: A very good question. - negative sense -L
- --@-Fo, --%-- --T--a. - ---.
---: I saw a devil- devil /devil --C.
XE---, d
-o-p-, ' negative tone hC
. Is that sari beautiful n--N? < - x, y Will be
y--o-E n hC. I happend to see a devil- devil - n-
? E . ' < ? ---E, ' < given Man of the match
E -a. - *C/ devil -- -n-*C. I happened to -
C ? --E English p-, 'Isn't award to be given \. --/ ---E -- -J-* h.
that sari beautiful?' E-F, 'That sari is beautiful, isn't (wedding) to be solemnized by x -. \ Nv I bought it in that shop C shop o.
it?' E-F p, -- E C ? n (by somebody),
u Ey-------oC - I happened to buy it in that shop C shop
somebody (x), to solemnize the wedding
-v-o: -- -u- English Translation p-.
. -E-. - ( Nv J-TC ( shop - -E -- F
To be solemnized correct
uEo Ey----o E).
-v-o: -- --o u- pa? He is think-
is to be solemnized is, omit
E L. to be sol-
\ o).
1. \- h-E O ---o?
2. J* -E O ---o? emnized C . Will be solemnized E ing by walking (--h ---*h--o-). Gita is singing by
3. o N-\--o. -a u Et-Eo d. working ( E-----C).
b) To be + past participle u passive construction. He is
---:
-vQ-E-, -A-A
---: O j--N -. Ist sentence: D-E-
1. Where, do you think, I am going/ I will go tomorrow? to do it (active) - It is to be done by him.
XE-, --t-, ..->x.
2. What do you think she thinks of me? ( - to be done - to be + pp)
3. He feels vexed with me. I am to take them home (active) - They are to be taken (to - u- p ---o---. p (is
-v-o: 1. v-Man of the match ''to be given''
a--p E be + pp) home by me. thinking correct ). He thinks as he is walking/ He
thinks and is walking at the same time, -a.
''to be solemnised by (some
. R} f- 2) I could have found the way all right - J ----L
- Past tense. h s-d Ep-ho d, He
-v-o:
body)'' E h. to be will be
E (E, ---)
Parts of speech Preposition The thinks as he walks - better. \--J I/ II regular
a !To be + PP p -? \ ,
2. ''I could have found the way all right''. Tenses,
\ L---. O doing word p J - d.
u n N? C q -C? direct & indirect speech -J-* -N--J--. He thinks as he walks sentence -p-

---: Parts of speech prepositions -J-* lessons

E C (-p- h -*-h/ -*--p-
---: To be given, to be seen N passive infinitives.
-.--, -- -.-- -, --
-h) n hC.
1) To be given y---/ --y----E/ y--- N-Jh-o. tenses J* --- N- 2nd sentence: Gita is singing and working at the same
- y-, y---E, a- J, tenses x p-. English time J--C ( h-oC p-
. Man of the match award to be given to Man of the x-- tenses + x ----Lq ---. -). E --p- -C ---
match -\ x y y----C n hC; verb form u C N-J. papers . Gita sings as/while she works -a .
I --- - 3 --- 2005
Kalyan: Hi Sasikanth, good to see you 1) When are you going to resign?
though after a long time. Where are 2) The company is going to open its branch
you and what are you? here.
--V y - 3) I am going to be the first branch manager.
. \--o? -h-o? 4) Is your salary going to be any the better?
Good to see you --J ; 5) There's going to be a difference.
(practise conversation) 6) I am going to buy a flat.
am going
Sasikanth: Equally glad to see you.
j -E-E, ---o EE
to, is going to, are going to expressions

I am here very much. I am with a
tyre company now. I have had a
-.
1) When are you going to resign?
better offer from one of the leading
p @- ---o?
telecom company. I am leaving this regular word (am going to/ is going to/ are going
2) The company is going to open its branch d) h u- --o.
company. to sing, talk, etc)
\ *a-, --
here. I am going to take a new job.
Company
-- C. E-\ \ v-G-- \ will/ shall
? N
future
- - .
o. -ix company E--h- --oC. --? -a. p-. , will/ shall CM - ----/ ---
o. o telecom company am/ is/ are going to o-p, E - ---o
--o * - *aC. --- *a, EE -J-* Eg---- I am going to meet the CM today.
job C--ho. --D, -- -- -- n party -C
-x--- 64 yhC.Jam/ is/ are going to o-p C h She is going to sing at the party.
Kalyan: When are you going to resign this
Job? - \. x debate _---o
They are going to participate in the debate.
Now practise the following aloud in English:

He is going to..
Sasikanth: -N- h-o?
(Hurry )
Ravikanth: bike -- -o. o
Selection t-o.
Sasikanth: ---o?
Sasikanth: In a week's time at the most. The 3) I am going to be the first branch manager. Ravikanth: . x o _ -*
a) I will buy a car soon.
Telecom company is going to open first manager DD -C. C B-E shop
---o. y car
its branch here and I am going to be 4) Is your salary going to be any the better? _ h. -Eo shop
.
the first branch manager. F @ _ --? ---o.
Kalyan: Glad to hear that. Congrats. Is your
(Ea----o)
5) There's going to be a difference. b) I am going to a buy a Sasikanth: y-p ---o bike ?
salary going to be any the better? Ravikanth: Bike status K \.
--C. car.
congrats.
. @ o
6) I am going to buy a flat. car --o Helicopter --o.
M. SURESAN
\- ? Answer:
Sasikanth: There's going to be a difference of
---o-. flat (O-- y).
future ---o , Sasikanth: Why are you in a hurry?
atleast Rs. 2000/- (C j--Eo \
F 2000 -- -C. -E *a- - - am going to/ *a) Ravikanth: Pavan is going to buy a bike. He
Kalyan: Very glad then. Hope you will call is going to/ are going to + 1st regular doing word c) He will join duty soon. wanted me to help him in the selec-
me before you join. By the by, I am . duty
y- ---o. tion.
going to buy a flat soon, that too, in a) She is going to buy a new dress. d) He is going to join duty soon. Sasikanth: Is he going to buy it today?
a week. I will move in soon after. h dress --C. (- Ea- duty y --o Ravikanth: Yes. He is going to get the DD from
Here's the new address. his dad today. He will take it and
- - C. - - - ) will join (C o \ *a)
Phone
h -F - come to the shop. I am going to
b) -\ -- classes attend --- C y ---C. y C---.
h--E --Ph-o. ox p
o. It is going to happen. Don't you worry. meet him at the shop.
J (by the by) h flat -- Sasikanth: When are you going to buy a bike?
o, -. -o- He is going to attend classes here for a week. (-x 'you don't worry' 'Don't you
c) bank worry' Ravikanth: A bike is too low for my status. I am
--. D h address. * h s B- - - - o . --).
going to buy a helicopter.
-- am going to, is going to, are They are going to withdraw all the money p--- --o N: will/ shall
going to expressions : from this bank. o am going to/ is going to/ are going to + 1st
-v-o: 1) House l--o- x, Home x-! -v-o: Present Continuous tense -This land belongs -v-o: Having --Th A.Voice, P.Voice Eo ----
2) --- House wife E L. Home wife E to him (Correct). E This land is belonging to Ly--. Having -s --Th? to have
him E ---? ---.
x , v--Lx- ---: Having AV hC. Passive . Passive
p?- - --Eo - --Tx- -a -%-d -B--R- --Th Eo ----L-y-. -.--vQ-E-, -d
Homewife o- o. Homewife E ------E
N? ---: Eo verbs, am+ing, is+ing, are+ing forms p past participle, E 'be' form h.
House wife -h-o. . x belong . am Having . Active voice having j o sen-
L------. belonging/ is belonging/ are belonging tences h. I am having coffee; My father is hav-
3) Communication skills ---- rule . C English ing a bath,etc. To have eg: I am happy to have a
E ----i- * ~. verbs -J-* N- car. To have a car like this makes me happy.
h- p. J lessons Ja. . j o h.
-.--.-.--, o- -v-o: 1) I have to attend meeting 3) I ought to obey the order: c -- NC.
---: House l x . -j, - E--- - 2) I must leave this place Ought to o E--L n hC.
3) I ought to obey the order
-E-E (any building for people to live in) house , , l u DEo FA v, jA u- -J-*
The underlined words give same meaning. So
vh .Home x -\--. l x-, kindly explain, is there any difference in mean-
L - - - ---.
---u- x, home. O j--- x You ought to respect elders lx -N- L.
ing? In what context those words are to used?- l x -N-- C E-, d, -- c
, ox l x OJ- E , ox O-o-C
x, O home. Hyderabad x-o-p-, O-\ E ---: 1) I have to attend the meeting meeting
-.-s--, V-, .. >x . jA-, FA v -N-L.
--- d you have a house in Hyderabad. Your home ox, x ought to .
}L \ -}-- -- \. a) She ought not to speak so rudely.
O-o x -j-, l-j. - order x a F ---E
2) Homewife - . Housewife correct. \ vu -}-- d. - x---.
Housewife n home maker h -- ho. DE- b) You ought not to waste money.
2) I must leave the place - \ - order x
h u American usage, houseworker (=housewife/ -R}--Lq C , - x s % --.
home maker). -R}--L o \ pJ-hC. Fo -- -C-*-N, d- EN.
3) Communication skills ----E * English newspaper vA-W I must do this. EC L, order x a, - You ought to have helped her
- -. TV newscasts N. English story books *o-*o - a -- d a. must -LqC.
- v-G* lN -. C have to/ has to o h \ powerful. x should, must, have to/ has to .
I --- --C- 6 --- 2005
Bhavan: I am going to apply for the job. What e) They are going to transfer him.
about you? transfer
x-Eo ---o. Eg -B-
job
apply
---o. F will transfer
o. h. \ are going

? to transfer *a.
Chalam: I have filled in the application. I will f) Once he gets this job, he will resign the pres-
post it as soon as I get my certificates. ent job. job job
, p -h.
Application certificates
Jh . \ 'will' resign
- -E-; -
ready post
- h. job
----C - O --
Bhavan: Haven't you got them yet? C. Jh -- x . -E \
---E --a--? will.
Chalam: I am going to collect them from college g) If he doesn't get the transfer he will continue.
tomorrow. Nagaraj is going to apply transfer
- --- -- ---C -,
too. ----Eo d C -E will.
will/ shall am going to/ is going to/ are Sankar: We will, if we get a good price.
college
certificates
* O Venkat: *E t pC. -
going to + 1st RDW h. --d application, D.D. Fo Tarun: How long are you going to keep it
Nagaraj apply
-a---o. o .
-E* x-- spoken english - B. h procedure -N vacant?
---o. If, unless, suppose, in case
Bhavan: Why? Isn't he happy with his present
u. -u p? (*-V = Auspicious day) Sankar: We are not in a hurry. We are going to
o sentences am going to/ is going to/ are Akhil: let it out. Whenever we get a good
job? p-. --
going to (If = in case = suppose =
friend o ----o. price we will sell it (off)/ dispose it of.
job
? p-o -Ed ? . ,
unless
J-n-x; p;) when = -
Chalam: They are going to transfer him to
am/ is/ are
-p n --p , --E doctor _- B----. Tarun: I will ask my father if he is interested.
Tamilnadu. His father is against it. So ---y BJ_ a-E The other day he was talking of buying
going to .
once he gets this job he will resign the x---a. a house.
present job. But if he doesn't get the Venkat: p free ? Sankar: No hurry at all. Find out from your
transfer he will continue in it. v -T- ? father if he is interested. We will
future actions ( exercises Shall/ Will
-x--- 65
j -- -J- reduce the price if it is for you.
future
-TC ? Eo--sx will/
----E am/ is/ are going to
Tarun: I will let you know tomorrow.
shall J-Eox am going to/ is going to/ are -E-.)
going to + 1st Regular doing word -?
Shall/ Will, am going to/ is going to/ are going
to forms -Ffuture --E .
C. ----
- u. lesson .
shall, will control E future .
Am going to/ is going to/ are going to forms
When will you be free?
- Eg O -- Now practise the following aloud in English: 2) Akhil: Hi Venkat,
- - -. 1) Sankar: - h x --o. Akhil: . What brings
a) I am going to apply for the job; Tarun: po x t-h-o? 3) Manoj: Hi Fareed, \--* h-o? you here?
job apply Sankar: Fareed: bike h trouble h, mechanic Venkat: I am going to
---o. - * h t-h---o
*a. Eg B-- J-TC. o. --*a --ho. apply for a
b) I will post it as soon as I get my certificates. Tarun: - E S --- Manoj: F bike - trouble h-? passport. I
certificates post h. \ o? (S = vacant) Fareed: II hand bike - --
need your
application post certificates
- a-- Sankar: . p Eo -. help. M. SURESAN
- O -- C. Certificates - l--y--o. p * -- h Manoj: -- --o Eo?
apply condition Akhil: When are you
--E d \ p--th. Fareed: -x. -x repairs
will posto. x I am going to (ly- let out. in a hurry) going to apply?
- d.
post Tarun: o- --, o Venkat: Mom says/ has said that tomorrow is
. Manoj: J _ o Eo?
c) I am going to collect them from college an auspicious day. I will take the pass
h --E. -o-p x -- Fareed: d *.
tomorrow. Ecollege * a- J* x-. p . bike --lF p. port application, DD, etc., tomorrow.
-. --R} --a---- -. C -- Sankar: . O oJ--o Interest foolish o, \ hC won't you (will you not) let me know
C. DE conditions --O d am \. O t. -E. the procedure?
going to collect. will collect -aF Akhil: Sure. But in half an hour my friend/
Manoj:
T_h. t--a ?
n . Tarun: h N. a friend of mine is going to meet me.
Answers:
d) Nagaraj is going to apply too. - 2) Akhil: Hi Venkat, --- a? I am going to take him to doctor. Once
Sankar: We are moving into the new home
apply ---o. h. He will apply Venkat: Passport apply --o. h F
tomorrow. that's over we can sit over your pass-
too force -. will apply ---C is going L. Tarun: Are you selling away/ going to sell the port business at leisure.
to apply *a. Akhil: p apply ---o? house you are in? Venkat: When will you be free then? Shall I
-v-o: Contrary sense & positive sense - --N- N- ---. 2) He might not have gone - }----a (}--a ) see you at 4 this evening?
Contrary sense Akhil: That's OK
-o -u- -p --E Eo v h--x \- \ contrary sense .
3) Manoj: Hi Fareed, where are you coming
o. --N -- d ---. They might have seen you - Eo x -a (--
1. He should not have gone - - v- E -. from?
-a) No contrary sense - doubt. Fareed: My bike has had/ had some trouble. I
2. He might not have gone - - v- . 3) He must not have gone - - . \ contrary sense
have left it at the mechanic's and am
3. He must not have gone - - v- .
- , sentence p. (Dn R} *a }-) on my way home/ am going home.
Mood and model verbs, subjunctive J* N- ---.
\ a. Manoj: Why does your bike give trouble so
subjunctive usage, perfect subjunctive verbs J* --L----.
a) He should not have gone - } (contrary sense) - correct often?
-.--Jq-f, j--- b) He must not have gone - *a- R} Fareed: Buying a used bike (modern word for
---: Positive sense - ', E }- (C contrary sense - uA- II hand) is the mistake I made/ I made
n -. -n ) positive sense hC. a mistake - buying a used bike.
Contrary sense - uA--n - - - -u-- --La ---: Manoj: How long have you been using it?
1) He should not have gone. Fareed: For two years now/ For the past two
a) He should have gone - }--LqC }-
R} -- years. I have spent Rs 2000/- on
contrary sense.
(-}--LqC ) F -}. repairs so far.
b) He must have gone - } p-
\ 'He should not have gone' -- Manoj: Who did you buy it from?
E '} E uA--n hC, } Positive sense. Fareed: From a distant relative of ours. I can't
(cannot) blame him. He told me not
d C contrary sense - C p . O C gram-
- ---:
mar book -. He must have passed the exam. Otherwise he would not have applied to buy it/ He advised me/ warned me
They should not have talked like that. for the job. against buying it. I bought it foolishly
x--LqC (F x-) - contrary sense. -- *a- pass . (pass u positive sense) because I got it cheap.
They should have done that. job apply ( contrary sense). Manoj: Why don't you sell it (off)?
-x-C --LqC (F -) - contrary sense. Subjunctive usage, etc., y N-Jh-.
I --- --- 8 --- 2005
Kapil: Hi Subhash, Well met. Any idea of how
--J L- N say , tell
many of us are going on the picnic next
-sx n p-, - E.
weekend?
O -- C. j
--- *--C(well met). a- l.
picnic CN -o? A (tell)
Suhas: About 15 of us. C-----a.
i) I told him of it
Kapil: Does Rahul know about it?
B (say)
? i) What did he say?
Suhas: He does. I told him of it yesterday.
ii) He said that he was not sure.
. - Eo -- --p.
iii) All that he said was ...
Kapil: What did he say? Is he joining us?
tell Tell me why you have done it. (say to me why
--C-*- --J-Eo... The teacher told the students to sit down
you have done it
-o. h-o?
ii) Didn't he tell you and to note down the points.
).
Suhas: He said that he was not sure. g) Tell Story
Why he was doubtful? x say . (The teacher said -JpD-- .
- - o. Please tell a story. old fashioned.
C
iii) ... tell him to come to the pupils to sit down
.)
Kapil: Didn't he (Did not he) tell you why he O Tell, Say --C-*- N-. Fo
d) say y thanks, good bye, hello, sorry, a
was doubtful? Has he any other pro- Practice -, - x ---a.
few words, a little/ little (about something/
gramme that day? Practise the following aloud in English:
some one) E -a. x tell . a) Raghu:
-x--- 66
- - F p--?- N F --- p?
e) Tell to . He told to me to go/
-V - --i- --? Ram:
He told to her that he liked cricket
Raghu: o -----J-* o p?
Ram: --D -p--.

What did he say?

Raghu: --E\--o--E --p--?
Ram: p. o-\- t-o .
o. a time -- -p--.
Raghu: avoid
--o- h-o- --y-- -
-p---?
b) Pavan: Hi Ravi, Eo-\--o y?
Suhas: I don't know. All that he said was he was iv) ... tell him not to disappoint us. sentences . - Ravi: N p p-
doubtful about coming. I was in a hurry. v) tell stories \ tell \ to Pavan: u?
I had no time to ask him. A tell sentences B say
, o d. Ravi: y h u E
-L--. p-x sentences a. --p- -E* . f) N : a) He told Pavan: O-o---o p F?
- --E. - 1) tell y -J pD C *a me why he was happy. Ravi: Eo-Ja?
o. -E -Eo-O --. hC ( Sentence V p) 'say' Pavan: C p F. y F u
b) He said to me why
Kapil: OK. I'll call him and tell him to come \ J pD ---. , he was happy. \ M. SURESAN p. y h
without fail. Without him the picnic can't tell , say . tell y -J pD Answers:
be fun. sentence (a) v
*a -Lq. say y \--. say Raghu: Has Ravi told you why he is not coming?
! Phone p t-. correct. (b) said p .
y -J pD -- to . Ram: No.
- picnic R}-d . a) He told her that he was busy, 'wh' words begin u clause (verb o
Raghu: Did he say anything about meeting me?
Suhas: That's true. Tell him not to disappoint b) He said to her that he was busy. )- Tell y v hC. Ram: Not that either.
us. He makes jokes and tell stories too. - --- (b) o (a) \- C -J pD L---J-h. (a) Sx Raghu: Have you told him (that) I am here?
He is good at these. You had better call -. pC -J E : Ram: I did. I told him to come here too. He
him now itself. h-o-p-x 'tell' better. He told me why he was... (me , said yes. He did not tell me the time of
Correct. Lo E---a--lE p. 2) p - x p--x, repeat y why -v-u clause hC). his coming here
Jokes --, p--. y --p-, x - report -- Pranav: Did he attend class yesterday? Raghu: Can you say why he is avoiding me?
--p *C. p, say . Praveen: No, he didn't. b) Pavan: Hi Ravi, Where were you yesterday?
{Had better do (some thing) = a) 'sit down', said the teacher/ the teacher said. Ravi: I cannot tell you now about it. / I Can't
Pranav: Why?
*C. \ had o-p- C b) He said that he was happy. -E-: j Praveen: He did not tell me why he was absent
say anything about it now.
Present N-o hC. You have sentences -J pD -L-- . Pavan: What is so secret about it?
yesterday.
better buy that book = y h c) 'sit down', said the teacher to the pupils. Ravi: I'll tell you later what the secret about it is.
- *C} 'Note down the points'. teacher
C - \ He did not say to me why... . Pavan: Did your father tell you anything?
- -- say, tell -E-. He never tells me where he goes, what he
repeat
--- said
ho. \ Ravi: What about?
(Say - past tense and past participle - said; told . - report does, when he studies or how he studies. Pavan: I will not tell you that. First you tell me of
tell - past tense and past participle - told) ---. p (\ - say ). your secret. Then I will tell you of mine.

v-o: Indirect Speech -J-* p-d --C. u -v-o: - Please clarify the difference between simple present we were here some time ago, say 10 minutes ago/ an
hour ago, and since then, we have continued to be here
-J-Q-L-* -- -Ba-. and present perfect tenses used in these sentences.
till now/ we are here even now.
1) "An amount of Rs.104 Crores would be paid in Rajampet con- 1) We are inside. We have been inside.
stituency of Cuddappah District on Saturday. u-Eo What's the difference?
\ v--, p---
Indirect Speech
- . u --? 2) We are behind them.
J-T-C/ - --C, E.
Abdul Kalam is our President ( president -
news paper
() Fact
(will be paid
We have been behind them.
would paid ) p--o? 3) She is in town.
--o N)
Abdul Kalam has been our president for the past two
s -/ --Lx J-T-x? ? She has been in town.
and a half years= president
-o--x
2) As the Offense was not cognisable a Magistrate 4) I am uneasy about the situation.
would carry out a investigation.
o. (-o-x v * p -/-)
- --V I have been uneasy about the situa-
would carry
N sentences :
J-T - --V - *aC. - u tion. -O- n -N--J--. 2) i) We are behind them = x o (p)
outE --C. - v uh J-T---d? --- --? As per tense rule, I know the difference of above each
ii) We have been behind them.
sentence which are in simple present as well as in present
---: Sentence No 1 - C indirect speech C E
-. FL, -x- -- x o.
perfect tense. But, what is/ may the meaning of above
3) She is in town = -- x C ()
uEo d -hC. C Mr x said E , sen- sentences whether they are used in simple present or
She has been in town = -- x C.
tence E continuation , C indirect speech , present perfect? Please explain it in detail.
4) I am uneasy about the situation.
would correct. sentence independent B \
---: 1) We are inside = we are inside NOW.
- ---Cl-, o- J-nA s-C C p.
would p; will correct -C. I have been uneasy about the situation.
Sentence No 2 - \ j rule Jh-hC. Independent sen- o. -- J-nA s-C C.
tence B will carry out, better. indirect speech We have been inside. Please refer to the earlier lessons on 'be' forms for
- would carry out o-p uh --- ox. -* p o. more information.
I --- 10 --- 2005
Preethi: Mom, can I have some more milk?
j -- some, any -- -E-
t, h L . .O n ? Some=
Laxmi: Sorry child. You can't have anymore. , Eo. some Countables
There is some milk left, of course, but -a, uncountables -a. Some
we need it for the payasam this milk = Cl-, Some books = Eo h-.
evening. Any = j, j. DEo Countables ,
--t. Eo -o--F, N Uncountables - -a. Any
v -E L. book = h--i; any milk = j .
Preethi: Can I have something to eat? I am Some, any - English
hungry. \. d conversation
Ai ? -L C. -C. plenty = \ counta-
Pranav: Can you lend me some money?
Laxmi: There are plenty of biscuits in the bles, uncountables - -a. Ratnakar:
. F --o ?
Can you lend me any money?
--
Plenty of milk = %-Cl ; plenty of time; Venkat:
fridge. Have as many as you want. not
- -p-y--? (-\- --) - o. x-
plenty of money, etc. Plenty of books = .
There is bread too. Eat it if you like. Prakash: I'm afraid, I haven't any. _ .
h-; plenty of runs - -; plen- Ratnakar: Suman -F friend
Fridge ---Eo / biscuits I am afraid -
( N uh )
ty of eggs, plenty of biscuits etc. Pranav: Haven't you any. really?
o. Suman infor-
o. F\-Eo A. bread j -expressions mation y--.
E ?
C. d A. 1) You can't have any more. 2) Manoj: Botany O * h-
(\ not C d any)
Preethi: I'll (I will) have bread then. Can I have 2) There's some milk left. Prakash: I Have some money of course, but I
L. O _--o o?
some jam or butter go with it? 3) Can I have something to eat? Shopkeeper: _ Eo * h---
need it for paying fees. I shan't (shall
bread Ax. E jam F 4) Can I have some jam or butter...? not) have any left after that. o.Botany O * h--
o-F i ? 5) No butter any more. C. F C fees d--E o p. C _
(go with= n L. C d y N-. C.
Not E- some hC. Not o-p any Manoj: O _ - o x Eo-E p.
n J--.Idli goes well with sam- Shopkeeper: o ? list .
bar x -C. We have only
hC . C v-h h--L.
2) No any E p . Eo h- x
-x--- 67
chapathis, no kurma to go with it. -B
No j . not any, contracted form- o. \-o x j
v o. E J- t ) n't any j. -F no any . * h-.
Laxmi: No butter any more for you. You put on
weight. Have jam.
Butter l. -\-.
Preethi: What about you? You haven't had any-
thing since morning. Why don't you
have something to eat?
Have you any?
J O --N? l-o* A- 6) You haven't had anything since the morning. 3) Suseela: I have nothing to do today. (I Manoj: Thank you.
. j A--? 7) Don't you eat anything then? haven't any thing to do today). Answers:
Laxmi: We are fasting today. You know today - ---x - ---h-C? Have you any novel that I can 1) Ratnakar: Have you /
is Karthika Somavaram. i) not *a--p-x any hC. Not -p read? Have You
OV -. Kh - . some hC ? C important point. E-. F _--o had / Do
(fast = -/ u - A - ii) Questions . (not) y? you have
, starve = A h-. - answer repeat --p question Chandana: There are some here. Take any of any news
any hC. them. from
-h-E u p I am starving. Let suman?
M. SURESAN
me have something to eat) a) He has some money. \ Eo o. j B.
'not' Suseela: Let me have some novel that I can Venkat: No. (I don't have / haven't had any.)
Preethi: Don't you eat anything then?
C (\ )
b) He hasn't any money. finish in a day. What about?
O A J? novel Ratnakar: Don't you remember? We asked
() (\ not ) \V Jh- j
Laxmi: Not until after the pooja after sunset.
He hasn't any money = He has no money. y. him for some information about a
<f y -u--- A. conversation He hasn't any money
Chandana: I'm afraid that there aren't any job.
Preethi: Why do people fast on Kartheeka such. All of them are lengthy. Venkat: I haven't had any phone call from
C more common. C \- -
Somavaram? Have you any money
-. -- O . Fo l -. him (No Phone call from him so
Kh - - o-panswer No, I haven't any
E Suseela: Any by Chase? far). Isn't there anyone else who
? money (repeat
C- -). Chase -x-o o? can give us this information?
Laxmi: Good question. But I haven't the time No, I haven't any
\ Jh j n- .
, E ---a. (Anyone= -o, Anyone else=
now to tell you. not
d \ any
o hC.
Questions 'not' some
--o-p, , --o)
i) Any novel = novel
-/--j novel.
* vo. F -p p--E time any v hC.Not some, any
- Ratnakar: None. (Do) you know anyone?
ii) Any by Chase = Chase --j?
. a. Venkat: I know some one, but he is not in
iii) Some novel = novel.
j
-v-o: 1) Eo Eo (barber ) ~ -- x-j o?
Any one/ anybody who can help me?
town/ out of town (out of station
)
---o. -o. Ratnakar: Suman has some friend in the com-
I got/ had my hair cut yes- Some
-E-: /
Got, had- -J n hC.
terday. n -. pany. He can give suman any infor-
2) I will get my hair cut tomorrow
2) Some book was lying on the table. mation he wants.
- ~(Barber ) ---
table O -- h C / C. 2) Manoj: I want some good books on Botany.
--. . (hair cut
, ) Dn O---
I will get my hair cut tomorrow I came here with the hope that some Do you have/ Have you any?
od --o . teacher will help me.
3) Eo o Shopkeeper: We do have some good books.
3) We had/ got our house white washed
. / teacher Name any good book on botany,
(white wash correct
\ )
we had/ got our house white wash yesterday h- a. and we have them.
4)
o -.
o h Now practise the following aloud in Manoj: Please let me know some of the good
4) We will have/ get our house white washed.
we will get our house white wash tomorrow. English:
(White wash tomorrow. books you have.
had
)
-n-Eo -N--Jh, d -- ---.
x h. 1) Ratnakar: F-o news *a Suman Shopkeeper: Why only some? Please see go

---: Hair-cut (--) = -~-

-.--Q%-g, j--- -E-. *? through this list. It has all the
I will wash my clothes tomorrow. Venkat: . E--J*?
I have a hair-cut once a month- titles. Any book on the list is a
Ratnakar: h-? Eo \ job
--J ~-E h. -\-. good book (go through= -
I will have/ get my clothes washed tomor-
J* - . titles =
He had a hair-cut () yesterday h- x \)
Venkat: E _ * p
Eo ~--E x. row. d A--h. Manoj: Thank you.
phone call . -
1) I got/ had my hair cut yesterday. have/ get y past participle
\ hair cut
, . hC.
p-x - ?
I --- - -C- 13 --- 2005
Prabha: Hi Vineela, how was the movie yester-
English usage there are two
v,
day? I am sure you enjoyed it.
kinds of future:
movie
-N-F-, Eo C? a) Future from the present
enjoy ---. b) Future from the past
Vineela: What a bore! I thought it would be fun
1. Important:
watching the movie, but it was thor-
i) will, shall future from the present
p
oughly disappointing.
s bore. N- - h.
ii) WOULD, SHOULD future from the
p
---o. F EJ-*C. past h.
Prabha: Thank god, I didn't go with you. I
2. Future from the present will future
,
thought I would, but fortunately my
from the past would, future from the pres-

music class came in the way.
ent shall
future from the past
- Krishna: I knew India would win but didn't
A. F- --- *-- Krishna:
p y x--F, tick-
should would
. p j ---E think/ never thought that Sri Lanka
uC. %-d- -h music class verbs
ets cancel h-E, s d----F.
o -E-. -- would lose by so many wickets.
f-*aC. Kumar: Rajkot - u o d
Csentences a. Kumar: I was sure that Tendulkar would score
(Thank God - j v C 3. a) He says (that) he will buy the book this
l---o. match N
p-- 'Thank God' . - ----o? another century.
evening. Krishna: Sri Lanka's was a low score. I thought
'A--- --a) v h ---o C Krishna: Eo
Indians -h-E F, Sri Lanka
N--x -----. Gambhir and Tendulkar together
p. p present -o... Kumar: Tendulkar Century ----E would score all the runs needed for
v future -E. C pres- * a- - o. (sure ) the victory.
ent * future d will buy.
Krishna: Sri Lanka C low score. H, Kumar: I was confident too that they would
-x--- 68
b) He told me yesterday that he would buy
---\ l (together) win without losing a single wicket.
the book soon.
score C-h---o. Krishna: Did you think Yuvraj would play so
well?
Kumar: I thought Kaif would score more runs

He would buy me a... than Yuvraj. I didn't think that RP

Singh would bowl so well/ I didn't
expect RP Singh to bowl so well.
2) Dayakar: I came to your place / for you yes-
terday.
Vineela: You are right. When you told me you Kumar: Prabhakar: I didn't know you would come. Why
C past told
Eo p y - Ny--
would not come I felt sorry you were didn't you call me before coming?
future -E d would buy C \
going to miss a lot. But now I know I Dayakar: I didn't think you would go out at
\ future, past* future d would Wicket
am wrong.
buy. -h-E. that time/ I didn't expect you to be
y right. y -o-p y 4. S} a: Krishna: Yuvraj - out at that time. Aren't you usually
* E miss --E -f. a) I think (that) he will help me. ----E at home at that time?
E --E p -hC. b) I thought (that) he would help me. yo? Prabhakar: That's true. But my mother wanted
Prabha: Did Smitha accompany you?
[(a)
n h-E ---- Kumar: Yuvraj Kaif M. SURESAN me to take her to the doctor. I did-
t F *a? (b)
o. n h-E -- \ runs -- n't think you would come. / I didn't
(accompany = -}- -J--j) ]
-o ---o. R.P. Singh expect you at that time. sorry.
Vineela: No. Smitha said she would accompa- -- o would verbs
bowl h----. Dayakar: That's Ok. Did Sumanth tell you
ny me to the movie if her cousin came -E-: v, NF Eo N J*
along. 2) Dayakar: Eo O -- a-o. Nyx that he would buy a bike?
x---o-E h--. Prabhakar: No. Is he buying one?
--. x cousin h h-E 1) I thought (that) it would be fun: N- ---o.
pC . Prabhakar: y h-E -L- -. Dayakar: Yes. He said that he would be buy-
-E -o. (--- E --}- ing it this week. His father told him
Prabha: By the way, what is your programme - - past - - E -J-* - y- Phone -.
this evening? Dayakar: y time - h---- that he would send the money
future)
Vineela: My dad told me that he would buy me would be - 'be' form - - . time x shortly.
a new dress for my birthday next 2) I thought (that) I would (go to the movie) -? Prabhakar: Luck fellow. Dad told me yesterday
week. So I will go shopping. would go - - (future from the past)
l-E Prabhakar: E---. E Eo --t very strongly / Dad made it clear
Next week birthday o h 3) You told me you would not come - --- doctor _- B-}--C. yesterday that he would not buy
dress E-h--o. d v y -- E o. time y- -h-E ---. me a bike for another year.
shopping ho. 4) Smitha said that she would accompany me. Sorry.
Prabha: All the best then. Bye. Sunitha h-E --C. Dayakar: -F, --o bike -E
-- would *averbs -E-. 5) Dad told me that he would buy a new dress. p- -F?
1) I thought (that) it would be fun. dress
h -E o p. Prabhakar: p-. -o?
2) I thought (that) I would D 'would' past future
-. * Dayakar: --E p. x
3) You told me you would not come
v-o: To be Phrase - --Th v
p--E --. o s -h-E p-.
4) Smitha said (that) she would accompany me. a) would be - be form -
Prabhakar: E %-d-- . o
5) Dad told me (that) he would buy me a new b) would + 1st Regular Doing Word (would go, Eo N- n h --L----.
dress. would come, would see, etc) - action (EE v p- Eo *a-, happened + to + verb1; sub+V2
1) November November-
. vh - C) -q bike -E. --x- Eo u ---.
present. December - future (N-uh) . a i) -\ -E ---o Answers:

---: To be phrase N:
I think he will be there
- -, --Jz
v-h -E-: 1) Krishna: Didn't you (Did you not) go to
November *, present *, ii) -\ -E --o
Rajkot to see the cricket match?
December future. future p- I thought he would be there. 1) to be + ing form;
Kumar: I thought I would, but dropped the
will, shall . [will, shall - future p- b i) I Class h-E ---o 2) To be + Past participle.
I think I will get a first class. idea. We would enjoy it better viewing
-E -- ---Th- les- it on the TV than watching it live.
O Eo u-- -a.
sons - N- --o] ii) I Class h-E - o 1) to be + ing form -..
2) August 2005 - C - Past. I thought that I would get a I class. (\ live = j vu-~) a) We expect him to be studying now
September 2005 - C - past. Krishna: I told you, there wouldn't (would not)
Now practise the following aloud in english: b) We found to be sleeping soundly, etc.
August 2005 * September 2005 1) Krishna: y Rajkot -}--, be the replays, the slow motion views.
2) to be + pp -..
--C? Future (N-uh) ? Kumar: You are right. My brother told me that
Cricket match ---E? a) We ordered the work to be finished in
p--* August (past) * September Kumar: l- -o, E -o. he would cancel the train tickets yes-
terday itself. an hour
2005 future. August 2005 *, vu-~ ---o, TV h
Krishna: I knew that you wouldn't be going, b) He wanted them to be seen there.
past * September 2005 future -C. enjoy - E.
that you would cancel the tickets and 'to be...' phrases subject
sen-
d p --C: Krishna: - p TV replays,
a) November 2005 * December 2005 - that you would lose money. tences
slow motion view E, --y
.
Present * future. N-. Kumar: You know my uncle is in Rajkot. So I a) I wanted to see him (sub + vb2)
b) August 2005 * September 2005 - Kumar: y right. Train tickets Eo - thought I would go. So what do you b) She tried to meet him (sub + v2)
past * future. v cancel h--o, -t. think of the match? c) They wished to succeed (sub + v2)
I [- 15 2005

Spken English u x ...

URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm
Dinesh: Hi Saleem, Welcom. Good to see -. T d#,
you though after a long time. Have a # --.)
seat. How about some Coffee? Ground - C grind past tense.
( M! --V-jC L. grind = / [. grinder= /
h B--?) machine C grind hC.
Saleem: No Coffee for me, Dinesh. Thanks ground coffee = [.
all the same. Coffee seeds/ Coffee beans = T.
( ]l q.) fresh = .
all the same = please. Thanks. ( o- -p[ v]
--p- ( B--- j -- would #a verbs -E- (p . -]l. q.) -[.
---p-). .
Dinesh: Would you fancy tea then? b) #a offer, accept x c) Mind your (own) business.
1. Would you fancy?
English x ]lA v #a offer B- (F E y .)
( B--?) 2. Would you mind waiting for a while?
-E op[, ---p[ Don't poke your nose in others' affairs.
3. Would you move aside a little?
responses-

h... B?
4. He would drink.
(- u-- -]-a.)
i) I don't mind (a little coffee/ tea), thanks. -]--h. English x \
5. My dad would never drink.

6. He would have the coffee ground.

]lessons 'would' use-
-o (... y y-].) ]ho-.
ii) That'd (that would) be welcome, thanks. d) Mind you. Don't make any mistake.
would expresses future from the past E, iii) That'd (that would) certainly be a pleas- (vh -x .)
past future
# would
p-] ure, thank you. Now practise the following in English.
[. iv) That's kind of you, thanks. Kishore: y, y ? j
Ramana: He wrote to me that he would see
would
]-sx offers.
- uC !
me last weekend. But he did not
Would Present requests
Swaroop: h?
turn up.
( ----E [. [-\E h.
Kumar: Can I see your Kishore: F h [--E-h?
[. F ].) father? E t.
Bhaskar: Please come Swaroop: y F. E [-.
Would you care for some coffee? in. Have a seat. J E -.
Would you Kishore: .
fancy =
prefer
d--[[. \[ fancy ], like/
[-a.
x 69 mind waiting
some time?/
Answer
Kishore: Hi Swaroop, Are you ready? It's
Would you wait time.
#a x B-,
for some time? M. SURESAN Swaroop: Would you wait for minutes? I will
B-? E [-[, ]l- v Write = [. Kumar: Not at all. I don't wash my face and come.
J u] [ ]-? , B- turn up = [/ --[. mind waiting. Kishore: Mind my using your phone? I would
#a #a---x B-. Kesav: He called me yesterday to tell me
English ]l- v Coffee/Tea B- \[ [ 'would' question from
call Kumar and ask him to come.
that he would be very busy till next
you
u request [[ Swaroop: Be quick. Tell him to be ready. We
E [-[ p-]. A-] - week, so he wouldn't be able to
a) O h --h! can pick him up on our way.
G---[- B E come until after next week.
L E T B-. Would you accompany me? Kishore: Ok
(a--- G@ -E b)
Saleem: I don't mind tea. Eo [. ]-x a \[ a-a!
( u- ].) Would you let me sit here for a while? C
y--F --o[.) would
Mind = u-. \[ [. would past # future -.
Dinesh: Would you mind/ Mind waiting for a Mind: Mind n [
[-o . past #, ] 1) Mind
while? I'll make the tea in no time. J future would [. u- d[, u
questions [.
( - ? #- h.) p[ v-E would o a) Do you mind waiting for some time?
In no time = / #-) J Eo -- l.
Saleem: Take your (own) time. No hurry. wait
( [ O-o u--?
Would you fancy = F d?
(BJ_ u. ]--].) y B-? Do N] wait
h? E request.) vo: tell, say... OE ]-sx -
take your (own) time = \[ Do you mind o Would you mind?
F d #a Would you mind/ Would you like/ Would you
o . would you mind? C -T-L?c -Eo Eo-x E
B. like to take/ Would you take/ Would you care Eo-x E --Th .
Dinesh: Would you move aside a little? The \ polite and formal J-
for some coffee? ]-s -Eo a-J-
tea tin is in the shelf behind you. Eo- n. O h B-/ E x.
b) (Would you/ Do you) mind my sitting here? L?
N--, -[
(h \ --? [s F- B E. conversation
y x Do you/

: Usually
o p C.) would you question form Would you
Saleem: Not at all. offer ( #a x, friends j
C--h. D C. when the letter 'c' is fol-
c) Mind my using your pen/ Mind if I use your lowed by 'e', or i, it is pronounced as s, as
( y-].) coffee N offer --E) [.
Dinesh: So you like tea more than coffee. pen?
Would you like a little tea? certificate, or as in cinema. In most other
(O pen a.)
How about a little tea?
B: cases it is pronounced as k. So rule about it.
(F - d o-)
Saleem: That's right. I think I got it from my mind mind 'ing' form
y F/
What about some tea? only the dictionary can help us.
mind if
grandad. He would drink a lot of
vo:
Fo offer [. would F hC.
d) Mind of I accompany you? I don't think you should buy it
tea, my dad often says. offer (present
- ).
(. --J # -#a-]C. - offer responses l. (O a?) n N?
Mind my accompanying you?
--E o / N j offer h, L ]l t-E O -- -
---p[.) Mind conversation
practice
. - Tx- -L?
O-], -
--E . 2) Mind manage
Dinesh: My dad would never drink tea. He a) Offer ]l -
l [, j
would always prefer coffee. He : ] u-E n O Eo -
i) No, thanks
u--Eo -[.
would have the coffee ground fresh, a) Who minds the office here?
ii) Not now, please. Thanks all the same. E ]/ O Eo E [-
and make coffee for himself. (pO B. q.) ( --?
b) My brother minds the office when my ]. uEo Tx- -a
( o p[ . iii) I have had some just now. No more
father is away. I cannot send my daughter to your school.
I --- - 17 --- 2005
Anand: Janaki, how about giving us a song?
--, ? teacher time o-p-x E--d-E NC.
-sx 'would' past habit/
(give a song = )
habitual action in the past --C ?
Janaki: Me? giving a song? Are you Joking? j v--pE E
Joke
? ---? h-o? would .
Bhanu: Oh. Can Janaki sing? This is news to d) *o-p v-A- a-.
me. As a child he would cry a lot at night.
, --? C h e) - --.
N. He would walk for long distances.
(news to me = -- -L--E O 'would' J-Eo --. -u--J- Suguna: It is my mother's. She wouldn't Brahmam: Would you stop telling me of his his-
-N- p Lh, This is news to English Would
- - (would not) let me lend it. If you want tory? Would you atleast tell me
me . conversation ) Do
h-C. begin u ques- I can lend you my chain. Would you where he is?
Anand: O, She would sing for hours when we tions would
E begin
. like it? / Do you like it? Damodar: I don't know.
were at school. That too very well. would -sx for- Jayanthi: That'd be (That would be) fine. Practise the following:
School mal. Thank you. When shall I take it?
- o-p - J-Eo N- -y- l! Mounika: o-x E--h-o-N-\?
Suguna: When is the function? Isn't it the day
C, -D -- -. Now Practise the following aloud in English: Sarika: -x.
(That too = C ) after (tomorrow)? I'd very much like
(O--Eox 'would' ) Mounika: y company v
to give you the chain. You look beau-
a) Jayanthi: Function ----o. F tiful/ splendid/ gorgeous with it
* \ -o?
Necklace h h? (Do you mean/ Does it mean )
around your neck.
Sarika: v--* . v
(lend = -N-y) Jayanthi: Really I don't / wouldn't like to borrow
Eo V*. .. v-
-x--- 70
Suguna: C tC. t p-. it. All my Jewels are in the bank lock-
- F chain h. d-? er. The keys are with my father. He'll
-- -a. Fo O-
-----o?
Mounika: friend u EoV-L-\ E-

Wouldn't you sing?

-C. F-o ---E.
Sarika: u? .
Mounika: p--\-C? --E
-x-C.
Sarika: x--E -O --L-? Last
September . p India .
Bhanu: Janaki, wouldn't you sing for us now? x husband states -R}-
Jayanthi:
D C. Thanks. p be back only
just one song. -C.
B\? the day after
--, - ? \-J. Mounika: a ho. O _
Suguna: p function? x ? (tomorrow). He
Janaki: Would you stop bothering me, please? address F, phone number F
v h? F-y wouldn't/ does-
h o trouble -? E -. chain n't allow us to
. h h?
Anand: She would sing on. I mean, at school Sarika: -.
y . keep even a
even if none were there to listen to her. Answer:
Jayanthi: E B\ d-. --Fo single orna-
My English teacher would, when she Mounika: How long have you worked/ have
had the time make it a point to listen to
bank locker o. o- ment at home. M. SURESAN
x E . locker Suguna: Would you you been working here?
her sweet songs. Sarika: For the past five years/ for the last
_ - -o. \ x - stop it? No more words please. I am
N--x- -- -- giving it to you willingly. Come tomor- five years/ for five years now.
C. p--p English Teacher E- Suguna: -?
- E p- o-.
Mounika: (Do) you mean/ Does it mean that
Eo ----? row and take it.
-d-E Janaki NC. you have been here since the begin-
d - ho . . Jayanthi: Thank you.
Janaki: Ok. I am going to sing just to please ning of the company?
Jayanthi: Thank you. b) Brahmam: Is Sekhar staying on for the
you. Sarika: Not right from the beginning. A few
b) Brahmam: Sekhar O- -o? meeting? / Would Sekhar stay
O -- --o. (-o = Stay on) days after the beginning. You can
\ would *a verbs -J-* ---- on for the meeting?
Damodar: F p? meeting say, almost from the beginning. But
, would -J-* -- --o (Is Sekhar staying on...? better,
begin -C. h chairs why do you ask? / Why are you ask-
would Sekhar? )
N- l. stage O --? ing all this? (Almost = )
1) 'I thought he would help me' - Damodar: What did he tell you? The meeting
(d= put/ place/ keep) Mounika: My friend Navya worked here for
will begin in an hour. Would you put
- h---o. Brahmam: o-- E p-. some time. I was wondering if you
\ 'would help' - future from the past those chairs on the stage / dais?
Damodar: o p -E. knew her. wondering
(\
Brahmam: I asked him but he wouldn't say
'I was wonder-
--C. table h stage O d--E au . -
2) Would you like some tea? anything / didn't say anything.
h? ing' j J-T- E -
tea
h B-? (Wouldn't d -
Brahmam: -. N h --)
x 'would' offer
-- you hC p--E d p--E)
clear p? \-h-E Sarika: (Do) you mean Navya? I know her
question form. Damodar: He told me he would stay on. Would
C. very well, of course.
3) Would you wait for a while? you help me place the table on the
Damodar: - x--E -- F? Mounika: Where is she now? It is three years
wait h? stage?
*o-p -. \ since I met her/ I met her last three
\ u you question form
Brahmam: With pleasure / that'd be a pleasure.
x-- . p -J years ago.
request . Would you mind telling me more
p lesson v-E -- aE -*h -. - clearly about Sekhar? I have some
( xv --o)
- x L--. Sarika: Don't you know she has been / is
'would' - l. work with him.
Brahmam: Jv p -? F married? She got married last
a) She would sing for hours when we were at Damodar: You know he doesn't talk much.
-\--o h? September. She has with her hus-
School. Even as a boy he was like that. He
Damodar: Sorry, M. band for the states.
School Vx - C. wouldn't talk much. He would
Answers: Mounika: I am going to the states too, next
b) She would sing on = --C. always sit alone and think of some-
month. Do you have / have you her
c) My English teacher would, when she had the a) Jayanthi: I am attending a function. Would thing. He would not join others at
address or phone no.? would you
time, make it a point... you lend me your necklace? play.
mind giving them to me if you have
-v-o: -- -Tx-- Grammatical mistakes --- -v-o: 'Do' -E -N-E--Th-op- 1st person example -
I know English, them?
-x---. Spoken English, Grammar -p We watch English movies questions
--E --a. -E2nd - --v Sarika: With pleasure.
Institutes -\--o? -q -- --, u-x person (you) 1st person
--. -- -- -- -v-Po----?
------ --o-? For example: Do I know English? Do we watch English movies - - - y- a - q - - - - G- L- - ---
Do I go there every sunday?, Do we sing
---: Spoken English Institutes - -o vA
-.-y, --x ----? -O -Eo--x 1.c 2.a 3.c 4.a 5.a 6.b 7.d 8.a 9.b 10.c
well? --E --p. --C d ---. 11.b 12.d 13.b 14.b 15.b 16.a 17.d 18.a
-l-x. -\- h--C ----L. CD,
---:
--- -, -vQ - 19.c 20.a 21.c 22.d 23.c 24.a 25.a 26.b
Casettes - Spoken English -C-*-N Ist person
-- vPo---a. 27.c 28.c 29.b 30.b 31.d 32.a 33.b 34.c
o. CIEFL- Central Institute of English and Foreign English x--- 'Do I know English?' E - 35.b 36.a 37.c 38.a 39.a 40.b 41.d 42.c
Languages J casettes, CDs l x --. ?Do we watch English movies? p. 43.a 44.a 45.b 46.c 47.a 48.a 49.d 50.b
O-Eo-- O TV English news channels regular English movies h? E -T--p expect Answer 51.c 52.b 53.b 54.d 55.a 56.d 57.c 58.d
watch . O N - . N? -, E, . -sEod Eg----a. 59.b 60.c 61.a 62.b 63.b 64.c 65.d.
I ---
Sukumar: Hi Bhaskar, am I late?
-- \, ----o -u a?
Bhaskar: You are, of Course. But (that/ it)
doesn't matter. The function hasn't
yet begun.
late
y func-
F y--,
tion v ---.
Sukumar: Where is Shekhar? He always
claims that he is punctual.
punctual
? -p E -\- a, y-\- x?
-.
(punctual = time J )
Shekhar: I am here. I was here exactly at 4.30
-\--o-. -J_ 4.30 -x --a--.
Sukumar: I am just a few minutes late. A few
minutes' delay makes no difference.
Cl EN- u--u-. Cl
EN- u --.
Bhaskar: It makes little difference whether you
are a few minutes late or half an
hour late. You are late. That's the
point.
y Cl EN- -u-, -
-u- C u. y
u --.
Shekhar: Let's not talk any more of it. What
are there for the dinner after the
function?
Function
N C--.
dinner
--C- 20 --- 2005
English Conversation -Fo -
expressions. j--Eo- n,
Conversation '---/
--/ l -- -
. o l --d----
Doesn't matter = It does'nt matter .
a) Bhavan: Did he come here or did you go to
him?
Rekha: Never mind where I bought it. Is it real-
Shriya:
E C.
Sumanth: What does it matter? We met. ly good?
-\. \ o?
That's important. Rekha: Y--- . F gift h, . Shriya: How much is it?
(It doesn't matter/ Doesn't matter Rekha: It doesn't matter how much it is. Is it
200/ N C.
whether he came here or I went to good or not?
3) Jagan: Oy time x -?
him. we met) Suman: N? Shriya: It is really marvellous. I want to buy it
C u p?/ -\- - Jagan: Physics Eo doubts o. (one like that) too. Where did you buy it?
, -\- x- C , o Clear -----E? Rekha: At Vasthra Sagar. You can also get a
gift worth Rs. 200/-
u. --o. D Suman: F p---E y------o-
s? 3) Jagan: Will you be at home tomorrow at this
u.
b) Santan: Have you the money? Jagan: y Physics -E. time?
Suman: , v-Aoh. p--- v y Suman: What's the matter?
(F _ -s?)
Krishna: Yes. I have it. (C) disappoint . Jagan: I have some doubts in Physics. I feel
Santan: How did you get it? ( *aC?) Jagan: disappoint - t C. you can clear them.
Suman: OK. Best of luck. Suman: Just what makes you think I can clear
4) Pramod: Hi Venkat, College them?
? Jagan: Because you are better at Physics
Venkat: -. o -x . than me (Than I correct)
-x--- 71
-h. College Suman: OK. I'll try. But don't be/ get disap-
x h. pointed if I cannot.

It doesn't matter
y --o?
Sukumar: As for me so long as things are good
to eat, it makes no difference to me
what I eat.
A--E * o
A--E ---C - u .
Krishna: Never mind how I got it. I have it. Jagan: I am sure I
Bhaskar: So long as the things are tasty, I Pramod: group B--o?
shan't (shall
never mind what I eat. ( *a --. _Jp- Venkat: MPC ----o.
sC. D u) o v BiPC -E not) be disap-
A--E * -j y-
c) It makes little difference/ It makes no differ- C. family -- doctors pointed.
Shekhar: I'd have none of the hot stuff.
ence whether you come at 10.30 or 11.00 . o d-- doc- Suman: Then it's OK.
h- d/ B-
when you do not come at 10. tor -E C. Best of luck.
Bhaskar: Never mind. You have a variety of
things to eat. (y C- -p, y p--*a Pramod: u-J. 4) Pramod: Hi Venkat,
y--. -- h---o y-/ C-o---*a , ----*a Venkat: F interest .Biology have you M. SURESAN
A-. .) x c --L. joined any
---E expressions -E-. - -E-? ---Fo.. d--d -. college?
a) What does it matter? Pramod: C d. Biology * c--h Venkat: Not yet. Dad is not in town. He will
1. Doesn't (Does not matter)
2. Makes no difference b) It matters little/ It matters nothing/ It doesn't -. O o -- a come back tomorrow. I will talk to dad
3. Makes little difference matter much
p--? what college I am going to join.
Venkat: ap--? -*-ho. Pramod: What group are you going to take?
4. Never mind. c) What difference does it make?/ It doesn't
5) Mohan: v-V h y--? Venkat: I want to do MPC. But dad wants me
make any difference/ It makes no/ Little dif-
John: p-, B. E---E AJTy to do BiPC. There hasn't been a doc-
ference
d) Never mind expressions n, -- Ja-. tor in our family so far (No doctor so
Mohan: -- a-hx. far in my family). Dad wants me to be
-. OE Conversation . --
natural effective C.
N - Eo? y-----. the first doctor in the family.
John: C?
-v- o: 1) How to express the Telugu word Now practise the following aloud in English:
Mohan: y vA h . x Eo
Pramod: Go ahead then.
Venkat: But I am not so interested. A lot of
in English.
''- 1) Mukund: l Station ?
Shankar:
-d--? names to remember in biology. I am
2) What can I do to get 'American Accent' j y--. y a-d- John: --- p? h l
Phone poor at mugging.
3) Why do we use the word 'spoken' in . F?
Mukund: Phone (mugging = d d)
"spoken English"? -u- F Answers:
Ja---E. Pramod: That's right. Biology needs good

---: 1) - = catch word.

-- -, --- 1) Mukund: Shall I go to the station with you or memory. Then how can you convince
Shankar: F. - R} - receive
not? your dad? (convince = ap)
2) You can get American accent by listening to . y E y --- Shankar: It makes no difference/ Little differ-
Venkat: Yes, how can I? That's what I think of.
CNN news channels and also with the help a. ence (Whether you go with me or
of Webster's dictionary. Other English dic- Mukund: -DE o n ---lE -- 5) Mohan: Can you/ would you lend me the
not). If you are coming just call me.
tionaries also give American spelling, pro- book for two days?
Mukund: I don't mind giving a call. But I'm
p. -E -- y p --
nunciation and accent. Watching Hollywood John: Certainly. Take it. Don't forget to return
. afraid I will forget.
movies will help. Shankar: y--. h y- Shankar: Doesn't matter. I will receive Anand it by saturday.
3) 'spoken' is past participle and not past
\ --E. at the station. You can meet him later. Mohan: I will return it even before that. Shall I
tense. Past participle p '--o, 2) Shriya: Hi Rekha, \- --o F dress? Mukund: Tell him not to misunderstand me. I ask you one thing if you don't mind?
' n h. spoken english ? will meet him later, certainly. (don't mind = ------)
English
x---/ ---o E n. Rekha: \ o- N . E Shankar: Never mind. I will tell him why you John: What is it?
English
- x . ? aren't able to come. Mohan: You buy every book. How many of
'The boy bitten by the snake,' Shriya: -u? 2) Shriya: Hi Rekha, where did you buy your them do you lose?
--f s. - . Rekha: N u . p. , (the/ this) dress. It's really fine/ fan- John: Is that important now? Do you want
J-* s . ? tastic/ gorgeous. the book or not?
I --- -- 22 --- 2005
Sandhya: Where are you going so early, I hope I'll (I will) get a class.
Shyam? I hope that I will get a class.
\ y h-o -u? d-- lessons English
Shyam: Mom, I told you yesterday (that) I Question structure , statement struc-
would go to Ram's today. I have ture o :
some difficulty with Physics, and he Statement p subject , E
said (that) he would help me. y verb -h-C.
Eo p--t, -R}- h- -- --a = He has come (sub + verb)
E. Physics d C. question :
--h-E p. 1) verb + subject
Is he here?
Sandhya: But Dad said (that) he would take Srikar: What happened / What has happened
2) verb -, p i) -\--? = Where does he live?
you to the eye specialist today. You Venkat? Why are you so late?
question structure: -\-- F ?
were complaining of frequent Venkat: The traffic was very heavy and the
1st word of the verb + subject + other word(s) Do you know where he lives?
headaches. auto broke down on the way.
of the verb (\ Do you know v question
doctor _- Srikar: Didn't you find a phone any where
o Eo Is he coming?
- , -\-- question - there?
Bho . y , verb, Is coming-
(\
statement) Venkat: I didn't. Even the auto driver did not
--p--. ?) know where a phone was.
Shyam: Not today. I have the Physics exam 3) 'wh' words begin
questions
u Now practise the following aloud in English:
tomorrow. I told dad (that) I would 'wh' word + verb + sub.
:
1) Naresh: Hi Ajitha,
O o- \?
not be able to go to the doctor today. where is he? 1) amuse = (u u \ -,
4) 'wh' question verb
, Ajitha: ---}. size z ) y d-, N --L-
-: Naresh: \---}?
T-.
'wh' word + 1st word of the verb + subject + Ajitha: --\----}-C p. p He amuses us with his jokes.

-x--- 72 other words of the verb.

where is he going?
AJ--h -L-.
Naresh: - -E-o a-E p?
(Jokes Ny-h)
The boy in the girl's dress amused us.
t dress s y
-p--.

He said that..
An amusing movie/ situation - N -L-
T-/- -u---i E-/- -J-nA.
2) annoy = ( ' \---)
N-T-; p-.
a) The way he talks annoys me
x B L-T-hC.
. physics exam j N- O h-o--. p Ajitha:
. p. O---a -T -- b) His silly jokes annoys us
sentence :
silly jokes
C . o p -V --o. tLo N-T-h.
I know where he is Naresh: F p--, -h. c) Don't be annoyed =
d _- x--E. p--/ --p--.
Sandhya: That's OK. Would you promise me -\--o . 2) Omkar: Hi Srikar, -y -p -- - 3) bitter= (G 'G \ -)
(that) you would go tomorrow? No sentence statement. Question . -o-? Coffee/ Tea without milk and sugar is bitter.
more postponement, understand? I 'where' 'wh'
Srikar: -p ---- - --L--.
warn you (that) it will worsen if you --x sen- Venkat a--E-O ----
, - -E / .
neglect. tence question : He is bitter that he did not get the pro-
E E--a. F C. motion.
. h-E -h? Omkar: -p--aC F phone -?
. C h state- Promotion - o.
. y Eo -~- Srikar: J-T -L--. - phone
*Dl \C. ment. -E state- bitter pill = -v.
(worsen- ~-) ment structure (sub-
- --L-- . 4) Chair () n Ka. F I want
Omkar: O train time -L-? him to chair the meeting sentence
j--- that -E-: ject , verb
Srikar: . p. chair u-~ - (
1) I told you yesterday that I would go... y h) Omkar: C h-o. Worry .
2) he said that he would... v C. M. SURESAN Srikar: -C ? late ?
u-~ --E J-/ -----o)
3) I told Dad that I wouldn't be... sentences . Venkat: Traffic \- C. auto
5) Chase = b - -.
4) Would you promise me that you would... Eo -E --E - The tiger chased the deer - L > -
I asked him why he was absent yesterday.
u T--C.
5) I warn you that it will worsen. Srikar: \ _--\ phone ?
-C. , - n C.
(why was he absent ?)
sentences that n 'E E. a) Where can I get some good tea? Venkat: -E--. auto
N -o h, N 'that' (* tea \ --C?) phone \- -L---.
hC. b) Tell me where I can get some good tea. Answers:
He told me that he would go.
h-E p-/- -o. (*tea \ -- p)
sentence (a) question, can I
-E x
1) Naresh: Hi Ajitha, where is your father?
Ajitha: He has gone out.
-v-o: Iam poor at spellings. Please, give
a) I told you yesterday that I would go information about pronunciation
get . Naresh: Where has he gone?
\- h-E Eo F o. casettes and CDs.
sentence (b) statement; question Ajitha: He doesn't tell me / He never tells me
b) He said that he would help me
where I can get
---: A Number of Pronunciation casettes
-E . where he goes. I do not know when he
--.--f, --
h-E o. c) where does he go every evening?
c) I told dad that I wouldn't be... (would not be) will return / he will be back.
and CDs are available in leading
(vA v \ h?) Naresh: Did you tell him / Have you told him
}-E o p. d) Ask him where he goes every evening. Book Shops. Pronunciation and
d) Would you promise me that you would go that I came for him yesterday?
spelling casettes and CDs prepared
tomorrow?
(vA v \---h ---) Ajitha: I did / I have. He told me / wanted me
h-E -h? sentence (c) question d where does by Central Institute of English and
e) I warn you that it would worsen to find out why you had come.
he go? Foreign Languages are also avail-
Naresh: I can't tell you (of it). I'll (will) come
a-J-ho C \----E. sentence (d) statement d where he able in Hyderabad. A number of for-
tomorrow.
d j sentences Eo- that 'E. goes. C English - u-i . eign books on Conversation, pronun-
2) Omkar: Hi Srikar, when are you starting?
conversations , writing e) -\ o h? ciation and spelling carry casettes
Srikar: I myself do not know when I am
()
'that' C-- y---. . Where did he buy the book? and CDs with them. Enquire for them
going to start. (It) depends on when
f) He did not tell me where he had bought the in the market.
-v-o: -- -- -u-- -- --d----
p-. Venkat comes here. / On venkat's com-
j sentenses that n book ing here.
o-. ----CTutorials, tution cen-
. h \ o p-. Omkar: Has'nt he phoned you when he is com-
I told you I would go. tre, tuition centre --E h-o. --C
(h , p y d ing.
I told you that I would go. had bought) d? -- Asoka's tutorials, Asoka
Srikar: I don't know what has happened. I
He said he would help me. g) = Where has he gone? tutorial's
--C --L?
-\---}? don't know either (not either)
=
He said (that) he would help me. (Question - So, has he gone?)
---: Tuition C Correct spelling. Asoka
why he has'nt phoned. -.-N.-- -, --Kq-o
She says she can't sing any more. h) No one knows where he has gone Omkar: Doesn't he know the time of your train.
she says that she can't sing any more. -\---} -J -L--. Srikar: He does / He knows. I told him too. Tutorials correct. -x -E
--E C. (Statement; so - he has gone. Omkar: There he is. Don't worry. Apostrope (') s ('s) .
I --- -- 24 --- 2005

spoken english -- -u- -x ---..

URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm
Raghav: Good morning Doctor
4) Doctor (patient ): examina-
Ey- K~
Doctor: Good morning. Come in. Name and
tion. A doctor examines a patient.
other things please.
5)
-----E K-~.
Raghav: I am Raghav, aged 19, doing my 3rd
Tests: Blood test, urine test, motion
(v)
year degree.
() test, sputum
( test, etc.
x )
rd year
, 19 x, 3 6) Diagnosis
(-o-) 'o \--- = 3 a) v u B--o Doctor:
-?
degree h-o. Eg = uC C E Eg--. Prakash is on diet. Ramesh:
. L C.
Doctor: Your complaint? (-F ---N-?) 7) j p tests Fo diagnostic tests. b) Eo--- u - B-o Doctor: O.K.
Raghav: I have had a fever since yesterday
B. N
and a headache since last night. I feel
( uC --N- Eg--- K-~) I was on diet till yesterday. h.
8) Prescription - Doctor a T. c) h-, bread v B--o Ramesh: u o --- - doctor?
rather weak too.
Eo * y, vA * --p 9) (pronunciation - vv\-{ 'v\ \L)
Prescribe: Doctor , ju
He has been on diet of milk and bread for Doctor: , bread v. Barley
C. F C. the past four days/ B.
(rather - h \-) B-E p. Doctor -y. He has been taking only bread and milk for 2) Ramana: Hi Ravi, N-?
(Prescribe - vwj \ 'wj \ \ -)
Doctor: You have a temperature of above 100. the past four days. Ravi: bad news. ~ t- -.
10) treat - ju / *q
Well, take these tablets and have
11) treatment - ju/- *-q
O doctors , medicines , patients Ramana: . E C. Eo
complete rest. Avoid solids today.
12) A course of tablets/ injections - v,
-C-* conversational expressions. C V- ----o?
Only liquids. That's my prescription. -E-: Ravi: V- temperature
100 vUj temperature C. 13) injections ju
u Doctor El---.
= to be under treat- 4) He is suffering from a fever- C. -V Doctor p
--V solids - ---n o ment, to undergo treatment, to take treat-
C common -. C - typhoid ~--E. 3 ju,
N l. v n B. ment.
u. conversational (spoken form) rest B--o.
( temperature - pronunciation - v Ramana: y ---E -.
' \ -. a) He has a fever/ He is down with a fever. (-- = recover)
Prescription - Doctor a ) b) She has been down with 'flu for the past 2 Answers:
Raghav: What's the dosage doctor?
-x--- 73
days.
1) Doctor: How long have you had this fever?
v oEo p --L? 'flu
v-V- C.
Doctor: The first one, three times a day, after Ramesh: For the past/ last two days.
taking in something. The second one
at bed time. See me again tomorrow
evening.
--N V j
B-o y-. C vA --
-- . v S}
.
He has a fever
Raghav: Hope it isn't any thing serious, doctor? 5) Doctor Doctor: Why didn't
14) diet:/ u Jh NvA B-
serious
Doctor
, ? The doctor's (the doctor has) advised her you come
15) symptoms = uC ~-
Doctor: I don't think so. Don't Worry. It's just complete rest (for a week/ ten days, etc.) earlier?
an ordinary fever. If it doesn't come Look at the following :
6) s = illness/ ailment/ disease. (early =
down by tomorrow, let's have some (Read it aloud two or three times)
countables. plurals illnesses,
O ,ear-
tests done. Nothing to worry about. a) He had had a fever and (a) headache since
ailments, diseases - o. OE lier = -
Take complete rest. yesterday. The doctor examined him this
singular a/ an
p ---Th. /
Worry morning and prescribed some tablets. He
-----. -. a) He is very weak because of an illness/ an
y --o. - took the prescription to the medical shop and
ailment/ a disease. ) M. SURESAN
_-- Eo K-~ l. bought the medicines. The doctor advised
him complete rest. The doctor put him on a
s-x F- o. Ramesh: I took some medicine to bring
y--. b) The doctor is unable to diagnose their dis-
liquid diet. (Put this passage in Telugu) down the temperature.
(y, temperature N _ = eases
come down) Practise the following: Doctor: Did it cure you?
x u--N El-J----o.
j - s-, patients , doctors c) He has serious ailments Ramesh: No. That's why I am here/ I came
1 a) This doctor is treating my friend/ the
-C* expressions -E-. patient - Bv-i s o. to you.
1) Complaint = Patient (T) , u. doctor friend/
T ju h-o. 7) uC E- = cure = Doctor: O.K. What are your complaints?
2) English fever, headache, temperature Fo b) My friend/ the patient is taking treatment a) Doctor E s Ramesh: Temperature, headache and body
countables. singular, plural num- from this doctor The doctor has cured his disease/ cured ache/ pains all over the body.
bers . Singular a/ an h. friend/ doctor him.
a fever, a temperature, a headache.
T _ *q - Doctor: Have you/ Do you have a cold
-o. b) The medicine is a good cure
3) Weak = (-J ) F . too?
c) My friend/ the patient is under this doctor's *C.
c) The medicine has cured him of his illness (Cold = countable)
F h \ V --- treatment
= debility (Eq-h) My friend/ the patient is undergoing treat- E s C. Ramesh: Yes. And I fell very cold.

-v-o: 1) Cheer (n&v), cheerful (adj) and yacht ment. O-Eo- n.

My friend, patient I, we, you, he,
8) s = ill.
-E s C/- - s--f Doctor:
(feel cold - L )
O.K. Take these medicines. They
(n) pronunciation
- ---.
she, they, any name, any relationship He is ill. C - simple expression. will cure you.
2) 2X5 = 10. two, five
-D-Eo '-u ten --E
(brother, cousin, uncle, etc) sen- He has been ill for a week
-----. -E---? j Ramesh: What about the diet?
3) Retired Retd. -- Rtd.-- j- tences N times of action (, --- - s o Doctor: Just bread and milk. You can take
future practice He has been ailing for a week.
abbreviation --C? --, ) (
barley.
different tenses These are symptoms of Malaria
---: -.-P-, --C-\ ).
Just one example: -J ~-. 2) Ramana: Hi Ravi, what news?
1) Cheer- * (J- J-). cheerful: Ramesh took/ has taken/ has been taking/ Now Practise the following in English. Ravi: A bit of bad news. Lakshman isn't
*- ; yacht=/-. ( will take treatment from this doctor- j well/ Lakshman is ailing.
1) Doctor: y F C?
op, -- v Ap p Eo-- sentences practice
Ramana: I'm (I am) really sorry. How long
Ramesh: v-V-
-L E-y; o- . Doctor: ? has he been suffering?/ How long
flat d) 2) We take treatment from a doctor for a dis-
Ramesh: --, temperature has he been down?
2) 2$5=10 two five 'u ten p. DEo ease.
Ravi: He has had a temperature for the
--LqC, Two fives are ten E. a) He is taking treatment from Dr. Sankar for _-.
Pronunciation: jb- E; \- '- -h Jaundice (Jaundice= x) Doctor: F E-x --? past four days. The doctor told him
size z -. Are E ' -; b) She is undergoing treatment for typhoid Ramesh: . O _--- a. that it is typhoid. He advised him
*J 'r' silent. (Tu faivza : ten) - C English (Typhoid ju ---C) Doctor: , O- p.(complaint) rest and treatment for three weeks.
pronunciation. c) He has been under treatment for a week Ramesh: Temperature, headache, -x Ramana: Let's wish him a speedy recovery.
3) Retd correct.
C now. ( *-q ----o) p.
I --- --C- 27 --- 2005
Bhaskar: Hi Krishna, When are you leaving for Charan: It arrives at 10 and departs at 10.10.
Delhi? It reaches the destination next morn-
Delhi
%-g, p--h-o? ing at 9.
Charan: On Sunday, by the AP Express. 10 hC, 1010 -l-hC.
AP Express
a C-, . Destination (= u/ --- ,
Next Sunday
-E-: 'The' Delhi)
\ yA lo 9 -
Sunday next
; sunday o-p hC.
The
Trains
. 'Thex Bhaskar: Have you booked your return jour-
hC. ney?
Bhaskar: Have you booked the ticket? / Reserve
A v--E o?
reserve your ticket? Charan: I am not sure when I return. Depends
ticket reserve
-F --o-? on what my uncle says. High on the waitlist (wait list -) 12) arrival = J; Departure = -l-. -
(Ticket = ' \ -) p AJ--h *a- -L-. low on the wait list (wait list ) (arrival), (departure)
Charan: yes, yesterday. I am travelling II uncle p Eo d C. 8) Make do with = J--a--/ l---. 13) Destination = u, / ----- .
sleeper class. There was no accom- Bhaskar: OK then, see you tomorrow at sta- a) F - v y--. The destination of the AP express from
modation in the AC classes. tion. l. Hyderabad is New Delhi.
II sleeper v. AC Station
l. I can give you only Rs 100/-. Make do AP Express
j-- * -l u
Classes -. Charan: Bye! with it. New Delhi.
Accommodation =
( -- ' -- *a v--E -C-* b) Nya l--. 14) On the train/ on board the train = train ,
\ -. -o '- . l. I'll make do with whatever you give. on the journey = v (during the
n = , A) 1) Leaving - leave = -l-. x. 9) Catering service (--J N) = , journey E )
Bhaskar: Why didn't you go earlier? I leave for college at 9 every day. f. on travel = while on travel = -v---
( -}?) (leave - left - left) - x/ -l- Cater = f-, u parties , travel = v, v-- (v);
leave for a place. Rxx j-- (cater = -) Comfort = / --u
a) j o * Delhi Eo --x catering = --J - --Eo --- ' - Travel in comfort with less luggage
He left Chennai for Delhi yesterday. \ --L. \ luggage v--.
-x--- 74
b) Eo \ * RxC. \- caterers = -- = , fx (com-
Now practise the following in English.
-L--. pany/ restaurant, etc)
Gowtham:
O v J-TC?
Sekhar:
- - J-TC.

How was your journey?

Gowtham:
\ p ?
Sekhar: train
-Lq time 10.35 E 15
EN- -u--C.
Gowtham: p-h?
Sekhar: , x- busy. y
Charan: The booking clerk told me that by last
V university C. V
She left here yesterday. No idea where for. 10) See off = send off = time h. p
sunday itself the AC classes were (No Idea --practice
)
full. If I wanted AC, I would be 34 on
O\-/-O-\ d .
2) Train /bus /plane by train, by bus,
Gowtham: y V a ?
= y
the wait list. by plane. a) friend Sekhar:
sunday AC class-
. -- AP express = By the AP express
V AJT Rx--o.
es clerk
---E Gowtham: V O train p? v
Fo E---E p. 3) Tickets reserve --/ ---\- = (O\ y--E
wait (waiting list)
- 34 - book tickets. (book journey. buy tickets , x lunch .
C - Sekhar: N shopping x-
---o-.
Bhaskar: That's risky. You can't be sure of
-a. Reservation buy tickets in
u, M. SURESAN V
advance) x - - C.
accommodation when you are so low Advance booking ( E --) Gowtham: V O tickets book u?
on the wait(ing) list. current booking (pp -\-) ?) station ho yA V x.
I am going to the station to see my friend
Waiting list 34 - -d- . [current = ]
--o/ vh- Sekhar: . -u. y V
off (to Delhi)/ to send off my friend (to
Charan: That's why I preferred II sleeper. And 4) class
v-- = travel a class. train S . O--
Delhi)
I got the berth of my choice. a) p II sleeper v h b) station y-x-p-? V O --
II Sleeper
-o. \-- He always travels II class sleeper
shall I see you off at the station. E v -Ao-h. - ---
berth
- J-C. b) I class v--hC
c) Nu-n -C - l. -J *a--p O
berth pronunciation 'ber', 'bird'
( 'bir' She is travelling I class
'r' silent. (by/ on/ in first class ) O\-L-a (station ) h.
A numbers of his students saw him off at Gowtham: o E -h-o. (disappoint)
(of my choice = of your choice
\---. 5) Accommodation = Train
A.
(seat/ berth) the station. OK. V station
= F\---)
6) Wait (ing) list = Berths/ seats wait 11) See off X receive h O O-\-L-y--E. O
Bhaskar: What about your food on the jour-
Receive j o B--- station train A- food B-
ney? I suggest you take it from home. v- G. -j v -
The food on the train is expensive x x v wait(ing) list E, bus stand F Rx. h.
a) She has gone to the station to receive Sekhar: Station . E food l. train
and not so good. o x h.
her father
v- -? y 7) Wait(ing) list o x seat/ berth - food -h -.
* B-}-- *C. - - confirmed. x o- B----E station Gowtham: o B---E-y-.
. Train t-C -\- My tickets/ accommodation has been con- --R}-C. .
firmed. b) There was none to receive him at the Sekhar: OK.
-.
Charan: Mom is not in town. I am going to
*a- - berth/ seat - C - station
make do with the food on the train.
- uC. .
I've (I have) heard that the catering
service on the AP Express isn't so -v-o: 1. Key words - --N-? -O--E -v- - -N- -Jh--L?
---- --, verb EE -L expression, phrasal
bad. 2. 'Phrasal verbs'
-J-* --L----. i) Transitive, ii) intransitive verb. He put out the light -
\ put out C Phrasal verb, p-
t x-. Train A- verbs
- -- -Jh--L? n. take care of -
C phrasal verb.
J--d--L. AP Express x 3. She will be awarded. -D-E-E She will be award ---a? i) Transitive verb - object
o verb. 'Buy' () DE object C
(Jo), Eo -Eo answer hC d
- - - :
y-- No. - -, -l--x-f, -G o
Bhaskar: I wish to see you off at the station. 1. Key words passage C transitive. 'see' () Jo (EE , Jo/
N- -J-* Ja-h L
What are its times of arrival and . Paragraph/ Passage C--p -hC.E h- answer hC d C transitive verb.
departure? When do you reach Jh-- vu--i l- -D--. C . ii) Intransitive verb: Jo, EE E vo - answer EC. He goes
Delhi? The important task before any government is to provide the to Hyderabad every week. go = x Jo/ EE x
F O\ y--E Station people with the minimum level of education. sentence answer d, C intransitive.
h. Train -- times ? key word - 'education' E -h-C -. sentence 3. She will be award - n . \ be form y --C past par-
Delhi p h? Passage N-o Ja-h--o-. ticiple awarded. It will be seen F, It will be see .
(see off = send off = O\-/-O-\ y) 2. Phrasal verbs - verb - - L - T - p Phrasal verb . vA lessons six forms of the verb .

spoken english -- -u- -x ---.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

I ---
Prahlad: Hi Nagaraj, where were you yester-
day? you didn't turn up for the meet-
ing.(E-o -\--o? meeting
?) turn up ---; turn up is
always followed by 'for'
Nagaraj: I was home all the day. I was busy
tidying up the place. I had thought it
doing two days before, but didn't find
the time ( x o. x l-
o.- -V l----o.
F time --.)
Prahlad: Why? was it so untidy?
( *---- ?)
Nagaraj: It was. The whole place was in a
mess. I had neglected for two weeks.
Nothing was in its proper place
(--x- --- -C. - -- -- liness (v - d- o-
-~-...-- D -Lq )
Prahlad: I'm afraid you are too worried about
tidiness (y x -J -J-* K
d------)
Nagaraj: No. My table was untidy, with a lot of
-x--- 75
home
paper and books piled up or lying all
over. The front room was a chatter of
furniture. The TV stand-well, let me
not talk about all that. Now that I tided
up every thing I feel relieved. (h-
, -T--- - --- -- -*--- family) x l-j a, -i
--C.Piled up = -
Chatter = furniture C * -
. 2) Place = Eo -sx home ( o 22) Tiles = ; (Mosaic/ Floor tile)
Prahlad: Was there none else at home to help
you?
(x --- -?) /it is at my/our home E . p my place. 24) Cupboard = -\--- t.
Nagaraj: Mom and sister are out of town. Dad
is too old. I gave the toilet a good
wash. I cleaned up the cupboards and
reset all things. (t, Lx -- x.
o l-. Toilet T, cup-
boards h-Fo l-)
Prahlad: What a job! ( E--!)
Nagaraj: That wasn't all. I cleaned the cob-
webs. I cleaned the kitchen, I made
up the beds. I washed the dishes.
(-. V L -x v (*---- o Vd =untidy hair
v--Fo -. \--Fo l) >-G-> o = untidy writing)
Prahlad: My elder sister takes care of all these
things at home. ( x \u
-v-o -: -x---7- -- - -v -- a) Let me tidy up the home first = x
--d. ---u-Eo... She likes this
dress --E --o.--- -- --d
-- -- p-J-- -- -! --- l.
x--- 8- ---yp- ---u - --- c) We must keep our homes neat and tidy =
u-Eo You do not come late --E --a.--
- p- ---- p-d --. -N--J--. 6) Feel relived = CT--x--- when I
.-. -v---Jz-E, --
---: -She likes this dress -- -u ---
She likes this dress a lot \very much --E --
-L.-You do not come late --You never
come late --E ----Lq-C.-- O -- --v-h
--E--*-- --u---. We appreciate it.
Keep it up.
Spoken English
--- 29 --- 2005
--D N---Eo)
Nagaraj: I like the work. I can't bear to see a
thing out of place. I want the home
(-Lq h -
. bear to see = (h) J-
.) I didn't leave out even the attics
(- -x) What a lot of
dust! ( t) I had to throw
away a number of useless things. (-
E h- ) I bundled Answers:
up all the newspapers. I will dispose 8) give a good wash = -
Koumudi: Hi Priya, You are not to be seen.
them of today. 9) reset = -Lq Sx d
Priya: We met just the day (before). I went to
( news papers -Fo d d. 10) cobwebs = -x, V
my uncle's yesterday. They were tidying
F V t-h.Bundle = d; 11) make up bed = \ l
up their home. I lent a hand.
d. dispose of = t-) 12) dirt = J, dust = t
(lend a hand = --)
Prahlad: You appear to be a stickler for clean- 13) attic = =
Koumudi: You are good at tidying up and
14) I was through = E Jh .
keeping things neat. You had better
dC, F.stickler= j N-Eo a) He is through with his homework =
do a course in interior decoration.
d d-- stickler for punc- Homework Jh .
You can earn a lot (of money).
tuality = --- d ) b) Are you through? = F E h-?
Priya: I just wonder how people can keep their
Nagaraj: You can say that. By the time I was 15) Vessels = dishes = utensils = , f-
places untidy. Even a chair out of place
through it was 6 in the evening you v
at home upsets me.
know mom will be pleasantly sur- 16) pan/ frying pan = /
Koumudi: I like tidiness, but I am not very par-
prised to see the glittering stove, and 17) ewer () =
ticular about it ( be particular =
the utensils. t - J 18) front room = x C A--,
d- ) You overdo things.
stove v-
a-uC.utensils = vessels =
visitors a-d room - C draw-
ing room -C.
Priya: Call it what you like\ say whatever you
like. I am upset when I see even a speck
of dust.
place Koumudi: Yours appears to be abnormal psy-
chology.
Priya: I don't mind your saying so. (I don't mind
= y-)
Koumudi: How are you able to tolerate your
servant girl's untidy hair?
Priya: (Do) you want me to comb her hair (into-
dishes = v 19) Portico = l x x,
f- -N
plait= ). Then I shall be her servant.
glitter = - ) x x -y
j -- -C-* -o o Covered area
. p E Jal. 20) Balcony = -O- -
--C- -x---74-
1) Home = } (members of our * --E- --*a- -- --- --Tx-- -{-
S n
Gowtham: How was your journey?
a). ---*a guest ? = 21) Ceiling = - -L M. SURESAN Sekhar: Very comfortable/quite comfortable
Please feel at home. (O x - .) p, roof =jp. Gowtham: When did you arrive here?
Sekhar: The arrival times / time of arrival of the
x) place . -u my 23) bolt = -- , ---d.(latch E train is 10.35. But it was late by 15 min-
home/our home E, I am going to my/our home ) utes.
Gowtham: when are you visiting me?/ when
= come (down) to my place: 25) Oven = (-) u. oven fresh = p-- are you calling at my place?/ when are you
come to my home E -u . p j (oven fresh Dosa) coming to my place?/ when can I have the
3) tidy = (x, C, Office, etc) -Lq 26) Stale= d E-y -- ( pleasure of your visit? ( formal.)
*-JC
h- -J- . -n-x-N) Stale food, Stale bread. Sekhar: I am busy with my work tomorrow and
His home is very tidy = x -J- (Stale joke ) the day after, the next day I have some work at
C. Tidy x untidy. Now practise the following: the university. If I have any time left that day, I will
go to your place. Otherwise, it is difficult to say
4) untidy = h--Fo order -*-- Koumudi: Hi Priya, -- ?
Priya : o --o. Eo (If I can visit you or not)
- . Gowtham: You can come the day after that.
The place is untidy= v / x *- u -x. x x l-
Sekhar: That's the day of my return (journey)
--- C. - - ---. Gowtham: What is the time of departure of
Koumudi : h- -a- y E
your train that day? isn't it in the evening? you
p E. interior can have lunch with us.
He has a tidy appearance =neat E--h-o. Decoration (x L --) Sekhar: My wife wants to go shopping/
5) tidy = -J- x--N l = \ - course u. -C---a. do some shopping that day
Lq h -\- neat . Priya : E--hC... x *---- Gowtham: Have you booked tickets for that
--- -E. x day?
lF. Ka C-L *_ C. Sekhar: Yes. All trains are full the next three
b) He tidied up the room yesterday = Eo (* upset) days. I'll try my best to go to your place that
Koumudi : tidy -- d--E, day. If I am not able to, don't misunderstand
me. When I come here next, I will certainly
d . -y K \-!
Priya : o . t- come to your place.
x v (tidy) --L. Gowtham: You disappoint me / that's very
p-hC.Speck of dust = t-
disappointing. I will come to the station that day
heard that I had passed I felt relieved = pass )
to see you off. I'll get you some food to eat on
Koumudi : FC -- -h-y.
u-E N- Nh L-T-C. the train.
Once the exams are over, students feel relived Priya: y -o -. Sekhar: Do come to the station, but don't
= It is a great relief = Exams -- x Koumudi: K O E x Vd *---- bother about the food. I'll manage (make do)
Nh. o J-h-o? with the food on the train.
7) chatter = *--- (furniture - chairs, sofas Priya: t- o W ---? Gowtham: Let me get it. It is my pleasure.
N *---- ,) p-t servant . Sekhar: OK
-- -u- -x ---.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm
I [- 1 2005

Spoken English u x ...

URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm
Bhanu: Ravi, you are late. But what's the l.
matter? You appear to be in a shock.
(N, y -u a. Traffic accident -C#
A? o-x-o!) 1) hit, crash into, ram
-[ =
Ravi: You can say that. Some thing terrible a) The lorry hit the cyclist.
happened. (K jxd C.)
(. J-T--C.) b) The truck crashed into the bus.
terrible = ---i, -i (v ]- ho/ o C.) d) With severe injuries he joined a hospital. lorry hit/ crashed. In another acci-
Bhanu: But what happened Ravi? crash u ]- ho - (Bv-i - p-vA [.) dent a lorry ran over a man, while
( J-TC?) Eo [ E n. they were taking him to hospital,
Ravi: Just wait. Let me recover. e) severe injury = major injury (major -
c) The truck rammed the bus. ' with severe injuries, he died on the
(h . o -F) x minor injury.
)
( v d C.) 6) die of an injury = way.

JTC...!
recover = [, [ d) The truck ran into the bus from behind/
x E[
7) spilling of blood = Venu: The other day I saw a man bleeding
Recover from fever. rammed the bus from behind.
h #][
8) bleed = h [ from injuries. An auto hit him. While
y # [. he was crossing the road in peak
traffic, the auto knocked him down.
Kiran: Did he die? (Hope he did not die)
Venu: I don't know. But his injuries were
serious. It is difficult for any one to
survive such injuries.
(survive = E # --
[)
( v # C.) bleeding injuries = Kiran: The number of people dying in traffic
recovery = yn e) The car crashed into a tree.
h-
accidents is more in our country than
Wish you a speedy recovery. -o
( d C.) uncontrollable bleeding in many other countries.
(y/ O y ---E / J) f) The vehicle ran over the boy.
= -E h-v
Bhanu: OK OK. Take your time. Calm down. ( v O] # RxC.) Bleed- bled (past)- bled
(. BJ-_ p. ] ]--[.) (past participle)
Ravi: (After a few minutes) I was on my way
They admitted him into
here on my bike. Just as I took the turn
hospital with bleeding
at the last cross roads, I heard a loud
injuries.
noise. I stopped and turned round to
see what it was. Oh, God! a lorry had
(- h -o M. SURESAN
hit a boy on his cycle. Believe me, the
E x p-vA
Jp-.) vo: 1. Where do we keep Quotation
boy and his cycle flew into the air and marks at the end of the sentence?
Hospitalise = pvA Jp[
landed on the road. The boy hit the ( after full stop or before full stop)
ground head on. Blood spilled all over. 2. Kindly give a Pronunciation Guide

In no time a large crowd gathered. The for all the typical words which we
boy in no more. Spot dead, I am sure. use in regular English.
( j O] \[ ho. v-q
]_ A--o. ]l l. T x 76 3. Tatas and Birlas are tycoons. Is this
correct to say the above sentence
AJT . j O] o vE K as Both the Tatas and Birlas are

C. t... t- j Tycoons .
9) peak traffic = u Dl o v
v[ j TJ ]--f[ [f 4. Kindly give some examples with the
10 cross roads =
) O] [L
T. h #CC. operators must, need, dare, used
11) overtake = ]o -Eo --x[
-u. v[ \---\ E- to, ought to (Positive statement,
12) cross = --E ]-x[
[.) Negative, Yes-No Q, wh-Q)
overtake x cross (opposites)
spill = #][/ -[. 5. Is it correct to say passive forms for
All over = d Oh, God! a lorry had hit a boy on his cycle Now practise the following in English present perfect continuous,
In no time= future continuous and future perfect
1) Kiran: K, wjx p- -
No more = E-[ run over = O] # x[ (passive continuous tenses.
spot dead = \---\, p---p
!
. @, E
\- [). Venu: A?
spot= The man was ran over by the car.
Kiran: u [. [ v-
flew= T-[ (past tense of fly) ( O] # RxC.) . -x ]- ho :
Head on= T N] (]--]- g) knock down [. 1. If the whole sentence is to be placed in
The lorry knocked down the man.
E o K. C-C --
]-sx) f. v-] E O] quotations, they are placed after the full
Bhanu: How shocking! (K E d-C.) stop\ question mark\ exclamation.
2) die in an accident =
# K RxC. -E
( -!) v-] E[ p-vA B-- ]u E- She said, I am no longer interested in it
.
Ravi: The body is lying there in a pool of 3) fatal = --E --u He said, How can you do that?

blood. I was unable to bear the sight fatal accident =
-[.
--E J-B v] Venu: o -[ -J Bv The tourist said, How beautiful the Taj is
!
any longer. I came away. Poor boy. A fatal road accident- three died in a fatal If a word or group of words is to be placed
road accident.
j h [ . [
( h [ C. v \- o-p[ - in quotation the full stop comes after the
[- a. !) (--E --i v] v- C. question.
pool = [ (- Fx ] _ E--.) The Minister wants this to be, Indiraraj
' - ( \ -L) Kiran: E--? .
) fatal - 2. We will do it, in fact we are doing it.
' J \ L) = Venu: M]. F v
bear = J[ 4) injury ( 3. Correct sentences:
any longer = v. '
5) injure ( \L) =
Bv-i-. iC.
-]l s- -[ d. a) The Tatas and the Birlas are tycoons.
Bhanu: Let's go and see. Where exactly is it? [ b) Both the Tatas and the Birlas are
Kiran: v v-x E---J u
(Rx l ]. \[ J-TC?) a) People have/ suffer/ sustain injuries in tycoons.
Ravi: I told you. At the cross roads. You go. I an accident.
x -- \.
(a) is better than (b) 'Both is unneces-
am still in a shock. I can't bear to see it (v-] v --[-) Answers sary here as even without it the meaning is
again. b) The accident killed one and injured at clear.
1) Kiran: These lorry, auto drivers never
(p . v--q. yx. least five. 4. We are going to discuss all these in the
learn.
E - o. Sx [-) (v-] E--, F Venu: What is the matter? coming lessons. please wait.
\ - traffic, traffic accidents J -]- --f.) Kiran: See this newspaper. Two acci- 5. It is bookish. The best thing is to avoid
c) severe (' N)/serious injury = Bv-i them totally.
. -C# , - dents. In one of the accidents, a