WEATHER AND CLIMATE

Card 1: Definitions
Weather: is the precipitation and temperatura over a short time, for example a day.

Climate: is the precipitation and temperatura over a long time, for example a year.

Precipitation: is the amount of rain, snow or hail.

Relief rainfall: rain caused by warm. Moist air is forced to rise as it passes over higher
elevations.It cools and condenses forming clouds and rain.

Rain Shadow: is a dry area on the leeward side of a mountainous area where it
doesn`t rain very often.

Condensation: is the procces by which water vapor in the atmosphere cools and
changes into liquid water.

Evaporation: is the proccess by which a liquid becomes a gas.

Transpiration: is the procces by which moisture is carried through plants froots to

small pores on the leaves.

Overland flow: water moves over the land, downslope toward a surface water body.

Infiltration: is the proccess by which water in the ground surface enters the soil.

WEATHER AND CLIMATE

Card 2: How we measure the weather.
The temperature is measured with a thermometer.

The wind speed is measured by the anemometer.

The precipitation is measured with the rain gauge.

The humidity is measured with a hygrometer.

The cloud cover is measured with an estimate in %.

Controls in experiments:

- Use the same equipment.

- Use the same type of product (for example, beans).
- Use the same volume of water.
- Use the same height measuring.
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Card 3: Weather forecasting.
We can predict of forecast the weather using:

- Satellite maps.
- Synoptic charts
- Measuring outside.
- Weather balloons.
- Aeroplanes.

WEATHER AND CLIMATE

Card 4: Water Cycle.
The water cycle

(hydrologic cycle) describes the continous movement of water on, above and
below the Earth. It is controlled by the energy of the Sun.
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Card 5: Mediterranean climate .
Mediterranean climate is found between the 30o and 45o degree latitudes. This
climate is often found on the western sides of continents. Mediterranean
climate gets its name from the climate found around the Mediterranean Sea.

Mediterranean climate is very mild (few extreme temperatures), so it really only

has 2 seasons: summer and winter. Summers are longer than winter, and the
winter is very mild.

The climate is known for warm to hot, dry summers and mild to cool, wet
winters. Winter temperatures are mild. Summer months are between 25 and
40 degrees.

Mediterranean climate is a fairly dry climate. Almost no rain falls during the
summer, so most of the rain falls during the cooler winter.

Plant adaptations to the climate in Murcia: fan palm and esparto grass

WEATHER AND CLIMATE

Card 6: How we get water in Murcia .
Murcia is a very dry regin so it has water poverty or water scarcity (this means
there is not enough for our use).

In Murcia, we get water from 2 ways

- From the rivers like Targus or Segura and other little rivers. This is
called river transfer scheme.

- From a proccess called desalination, by which salt particles are

removed from water to get fresh water.