ME101 (Division III) webpage

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Equivalent Systems: Resultants
Equilibrium
Equilibrium of a body is a condition in which the
resultants of all forces acting on the body is zero.
Condition studied in Statics

When the resultant of all forces on a body is not

zero, acceleration of the body is obtained by
equating the force resultant to the product of the
mass and acceleration of the body.
Condition studied in Dynamics

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Equivalent Systems: Resultants
Vector Approach: Principle of Transmissibility can be used

Magnitude and direction of the resultant force R is obtained by

forming the force polygon where the forces are added head to
tail in any sequence

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Resultant of Concurrent Forces
Two dimensional plane

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Equivalent Force and Couple
Two dimensional plane

Three dimensional space

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Resultant of Two Couples

M = M1 + M2

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Resultant of Force System:: 3D
Three dimensional space

Equivalent Resultant
force-couple equivalent
systems for force-couple
each force system

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Wrench Action
Coincidence of resultant R and M axes

Positive Wrench Negative Wrench

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Wrench Action
Wrench action or Screw Driver action

Positive Wrench

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Replacement of force system by wrench

Resolve M into components

Resolve M2 into a couple Resultant Wrench

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Example on Equivalent System
For the beam, reduce the
system of forces shown to
(a) an equivalent force-
couple system at A,
(b) an equivalent force
couple system at B, and
(c) a single force or resultant
ME101 - Division III Kaustubh Dasgupta
Solution:
a) Compute the resultant force for
the forces shown and the
resultant couple for the moments
of the forces about A.
b) Find an equivalent force-couple
system at B based on the
force-couple system at A.
c) Determine the point of
application for the resultant
force such that its moment
about A is equal to the
resultant couple at A.
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Example on Equivalent System
SOLUTION:
a) Compute the resultant force and the
resultant couple at A.

R F

150 N j 600 N j 100 N j 250 N j

R 600 N j
R
M A r F

1.6 i 600 j 2.8 i 100 j

4.8 i 250 j
R
M A 1880 N mk

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Example on Equivalent System
b) Find an equivalent force-couple system at
B based on the force-couple system at A.
The force is unchanged by the movement
of the force-couple system from A to B.

R 600 N j

The couple at B is equal to the moment

about B of the force-couple system found
at A.
R R
M B M A rB A R

1880 N m k 4.8 m i 600 N j

1880 N m k 2880 N m k
R
M B 1000 N mk
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Example on Equivalent System
R c)
d
F R = F1 + F2 + F3 + F4
R = 150-600+100-250 = -650 N

FRd = F1d1 + F2d2 + F3d3 + F4d4

d = 3.13 m

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Example on resultant of a force system
Determine the resultant of the system of parallel forces
acting on the plate. Solve with a vector approach.

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Example on resultant of a force system

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Example on Wrench
Replace the two forces and the negative wrench by a
single force R applied at A and the corresponding
couple M.

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Example on Wrench

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Example on Wrench

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Example on Wrench

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Rigid Body Equilibrium
A rigid body will remain in equilibrium provided
sum of all the external forces acting on the body is
equal to zero, and
Sum of the moments of the external forces about a
point is equal to zero

z x

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Rigid Body Equilibrium
Free-Body Diagrams

Space Diagram: A sketch

showing the physical conditions Free-Body Diagram: A sketch
of the problem. showing only the forces on the
selected particle.

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Rigid Body Equilibrium
Support Reactions
Prevention of
Translation or
Rotation of a body

Restraints

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Rigid Body Equilibrium

Various Supports
2-D Force Systems

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