UTCJ

English Level IX

Students Name
_________________
 Culture connections

1) Answer the questions.

1 What can you see?
2 Who are these people?

I asked for steak That's what you

and chips. got, honey!

Never whistle when you want a taxi in

Brazil. It's bad manners!

American British
English English

French fries chips

chips crisps
It's rude to show the soles of your feet in
Thailand.

2) Ask and answer these questions with a partner.

Is it rude to whistle or show the soles of your feet in your country?

________________________________________________________________
Do you know any words that are different in American English and British English?
_________________________________________________________________
How important is it to understand cultural differences?
________________________________________________________________
 We do things differently

Focus
Look at these pictures and read
the information. misunderstand verb
to not understand someone or
When people from different something correctly
cultures meet, they can misunderstanding noun
sometimes misunderstand each
other.

I had lunch with an Italian

businessman. He was very
friendly, but he sat really
close to me. I didn't feel
comfortable.

I met an Indian man I was in a restaurant the other

yesterday. When we
greeted each other, day. There was a Japanese
wanted to shake his woman at a table near me.
hand but he bowed. I
didn't know what to do. I couldn't believe the noise
she made when she ate her
noodles!

Think about it
Make a group. Are these things acceptable in your country?

Eating on the street.

Arriving late for an appointment.
Kissing in public.
Touching someone while speaking.
Sneezing without covering your mouth.
Looking someone in the eyes while speaking.
Holding hands.
.

92 Unit 13: We do things differently

 Vocabulary skills: Suffixes

1 Underline the words that cannot take the suffix -ly?

better final honest modest recent happy

sudden well

2 Write each word in the correct column.

arrange dark help improve respect weak

-ful -ment -ness

3 Read this text. Complete each word in italics with the correct suffix.

When in Japan

I (1)recent_____ went to Japan and stayed with a (2) Japan _____ family in Tokyo. They were very

(3)help_____ and taught me a lot about life in Japan. They take their shoes off inside their homes. We

(4)normal_____ don't do this in the U.S.

Sometimes I forgot, and then I felt bad. Also, they explained that in Japan, people take showers before they

take baths.

At first, this seemed weird to me. Why wash yourself twice? Once, I forgot to take a shower first, and I washed

myself in the bath like we do in the U.S. Oops! Anyway, I had a (5) real_____ fun time in Japan. It showed me

that people in (6) differ____ countries do things (7)different______.

Think and answer according to what your teacher explained you about the
concepts on part of speech and suffixes.

1. How does the suffix change the part of speech?

2. What meaning does the suffix give the word?

Practice and extension

Add a suffix to each word. Then write the part of speech.

-ness -or -able -ful -ly ment

a respect______.

b visit______.

c different______.

d excite______.

e fashion______.

f tired______.
 Predicting
You're going to read stories of four people who experienced cultural
misunderstandings. With a partner, try to guess each person's story.

a Kurt Meyer 1 a New Zealander who met a Chinese man

while skiing
b Nick Templeton
2 a Mexican woman who went to visit a
Korean friend
c Laura Fuentes
3 a Singaporean who went to school for a
year in France
d Ruby Ong
4 a German who got sick in the U.S.

Write your guessing in the next empty lines

_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
 Cultural misunderstandings

Vocabulary, modest adi. *

A modest person does not like to talk about themselves, their achievements, or their abilities, even if they are
successful.

I went to California last month. One day, I was sick. I went to a drugstore to buy something. When
I left, the clerk said, "Have a nice day." "Well," I thought. "Of course I'm not going to have a
nice day - I'm sick. What a strange thing to say." In my country, we only say "Have a nice
day" when it's a friend's birthday or something.
Kurt Meyer, Germany

I live in Queenstown, New Zealand. People come here from all over the world to ski. I go
skiing every weekend in the winter, so I meet a lot of interesting people. Recently, I met a guy
named Xiao Ping, from Beijing, China. He was a great skier. I'll never forget one conversation.
It went something like this:
Me: You're a great skier!
Xiao Ping: I'm not that good.
Me: No, really. You ski very well.
Xiao Ping: I fall down all the time. You're probably a better skier than I am.
Me: But ...
Xiao Ping: I'm lucky, that's all. I'm not a great skier.
Later, I discovered he was in the last Winter Olympics! I couldn't believe it. I guess
people from China can be really modest!
Nick Templeton, New Zealand

I went to Korea to see my friend, Sang-Woo. When I met his family, I called Sang-Woo's
father by his first name. Suddenly, everyone looked at me. They were very upset. Sang-Woo
told me it was rude. You shouldn't use an older person's first name.
Laura Fuentes, Mexico

I went to school in France for a year when I was younger. The students were noisy. They
shouted the answers. They spoke while the teachers were speaking. They asked questions
all the time. They sometimes called teachers by their first names, too. I felt that they weren't
very respectful. In Singapore, it's very different.
Ruby Ong, Singapore
 Understanding the text
1 Read these questions and write your answers.
a How did Laura upset her friend's family?

b Who said "Have a nice day?"

c When does Nick go skiing?

d What was Ruby's impression of French students?

e Why did Kurt go to a drugstore?

2 According to these experiences, in what country...

a is it rude to call someone older by his or her first name?
b do people say "Have a nice day" a lot?
c can people be very modest?
d do people say "Have a nice day" on special occasions only?
e do students sometimes call teachers by their first names?

3 Who...
a met a man from Beijing?
b lived in France for a year?
c had dinner with a friend's family in Korea?
d went to the U.S. recently?
e was in the Winter Olympics?

4 With a partner, write three questions about the text. Then ask your questions to
your classmates.

5 Close your book. With a partner, try to remember each person's story.
Identify the name of
the story
1 Look again at the Web page. Write the name of each person (Kurt, Nick, Laura, or
Ruby) next to the best title for his or her story.
a Using first names correctly ___________________________________________
b Different styles of learning____________________________________________
c Misunderstanding a common phrase ________________________________
d Modesty and politeness _____________________________________________

2 Read this story and choose the best name for the topic.

In the business world, it's very important to understand cultural differences. An

important meeting can fail because of a simple misunderstanding. For example,
in the West, it's important to look at the person you are speaking to. It shows you
are honest. In other cultures, however, this can be pretty rude. In a meeting, a
Chinese businessman may not say anything for a long time. He wants to show he
is thinking carefully. A westerner, however, might think he is not very interested.
A businessperson in Japan may say "yes" to mean "Yes, I understand." A Westerner,
though, may think this means "Yes, I agree." This can also cause problems. That's why
many companies today provide cross-cultural training for their workers.

a Training for businessmen and women

b Living and working in another country
c Cultural problems many people experience
d Cross-cultural misunderstandings in the business world
e How to succeed in international business
Study the examples, and then chose the best answer to complete
each sentence.

Its important to understand cultural differences.

This is especially true for people in international
business.
People from different cultures behave differently.
What cultural differences are you aware of?

1. In many countries, it is rude to point _______ 5. In Pakistan, it is not polite for a man to shake
people or things. hands ______ a woman in public.
a. with a. with
b. at b. for
c. for c. at
d. from d. around
2. In Muslim countries, you shouldn't eat ______ 6. In Iran, it is rude to sit with the soles of your feet
your left hand. or shoes pointing ______ someone.
a. for a. toward
b. on b. along
c. at c. next to
d. with d. over
3. When meeting a Chinese person, it is 7. In South Africa, it's rude to talk with your hands
important to be ______time. ______ your pockets.
a. at a. through
b. on b. under
c. to c. on
d. for d. in
4. In the U.S., Canada, and many other western 8. In the U.S., adults often pat children ______ the
countries, good eye contact is a sign ______ head to show approval.
respect and interest. a. at
a. to b. on
b. at c. to
c. of d. of
Chat with your partner (Talk about it).

1 With a partner, make a list of cultural advice for

foreigners in your country.

What you can do

_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________

What you cannot do

_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________

2 Compare ideas with your classmates.

_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
 The language puzzle
Even people who speak the same language can have
problems understanding each
other!

confused adj
unable to understand something
confusion noun

Focus
Look at this picture and
read the information.

Did you know that there

are nearly 7,000
languages?
in the world today?

Total languages
Africa 2,092
Americas 1,002
Asia 2,269
Europe 239 England and America are two
countries separated by a
The Pacific 1,310 common language.
TOTAL 6,912
George Bernard Shaw, playwright

Because of this huge

number of languages, it's
easy to become
confused when we try to
communicate.

Talk with your partner for about 4 minutes and come up with examples of
how we can get confused with our same language in our country
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
Think about it
Connect each American English word on the left with a British English
word on the right that has the same meaning.

a elevator 1 car bonnet

b car hood 2 underground
c car trunk 3 pavement
d subway 4 biscuits
e cookies 5 happy
f sidewalk 6 rubbish
g diaper 7 lift
h garbage 8 car boot

Research:
Investigate in a dictionary at least 10 more words and write on the left the
American English word and on the right the British English word that has
the same meaning.

American English British English

 Using the dictionary.
1. First search in your dictionary the concept of parts of speech for
about 5 minutes, then read the following text for other 3 minutes,
after that use your dictionary to complete the chart.

Last year, I went to China. I study Chinese and I wanted to practice. While I
was there. I got sick. I went to a local hospital and asked to see a doctor. I
said, "I want to see `nei yi." I was confident this was right; however, the nurse
looked at me in confusion.

This made me a little mad. I repeated in my best Chinese, "I want to see `nei yi."
Finally, she seemed to understand. She smiled and took me to a doctor. That
evening at the hotel. I looked in my dictionary. I wanted to translate what I said. I
found that "nei yi" means "underwear" in Chinese. The words for "doctor" are "nei
ge yi sheng."

Part of speech Example sentence

Nurse

Confident

Confusion

Mad

2 Check the following words in your dictionary. Then complete the

text.

Co-worker embarrassed international weather

I am a truck driver. I work for an a_________company, so I drive all over Europe.
Last January, I went to Spain. The b_________ was very cold. I wanted to ask if
there was any c _ on the road, but my Spanish isn't very good. Spanish for
"ice" is "hielo." I used the word "helado." However, this means "ice cream." I
asked, "Is there any ice cream on the road?" Everyone laughed. I felt very
d_______________ . Even now, all my __ tell me, "There is no ice cream on the road

today, Peter!"
 Predicting

You're going to read a letter from an American teenager to his parents. With a partner, look
at these words and try to guess the story.

Ben Mexico City learn Spanish problems stay family friendly embarrassed

Write your comments in the empty lines below:

________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
 June 29

Vocabulary:
host noun: someone who invites people to a meal or a party, or to stay for a short time in their
home
apologize verb: to tell someone that you are sorry for doing something wrong
phrase book noun: a small book that contains useful words and phrases in a particular foreign
language

June 29

Dear Morn, and Dad,

Hi. Here's a photo of Zcalo in Mxico City. Im having a great time here.

The weather is really good, and Ana Maria, my host mother, is a fantastic cook! The only
problem, is the language. Spanish is not as easy as you said, Dad. You told me Spanish is like
English, but you put "a" or "o" after every word. Well, when I wanted some more soap, I asked
Ana Maria for "sopa." Five minutes later, she came to my room with a bowl of soup! At least
now I know that "sopa." means "soup." We laughed about it. I apologized and said I Was very
embarazado" Then she laughed even more and ran to -tell Carlos, my host father. He speaks a-
little English. He -told me "ernbarazado" means pregnant" in. Spanish. I felt -terrible!

And that's not the only language problem! Yesterday in -town, I had a. sandwich at a cafe. When I
wanted to pay, I -tried to speak, Spanish. I know that "como" is "how," so I said "Como mucho?"
thinking I was saying How much?" The waiter just smiled and Walked away. I -tried "Como
mucho" again a few -times., but -then he brought me another sandwich! When I checked in my phrase
book, I discovered that "Como mucho" means "I eat a lot." "How much" is something completely
different.
The most embarrassing mistake I made was in my Spanish class. We had to ask each other,
"What's your name?" In Spanish, this is "Cmo to llamas?" but I got confused. I said to my
partner Eric, "Cmo te amo," which means "How I love you!" Everyone laughed. I felt really
bad!
Anyway, I am learning Spanish - slowly! The people here are great, and I love Mexico.
Thanks so much for this -trip. see you next month.
Lots of love,
Ben
 Understanding the text
Circle the correct answer for every question.
a Where is Ben staying?
1) in a hotel 2) with a friend 3) with a host family 4) with his family

b Why is Ben in Mexico?

1 He's working there.
2 He's learning Spanish.
3 It's his home.
4 He's visiting friends.

c What problem does he have with Spanish?

1 He doesn't like the language.
2 He makes a lot of mistakes.
3 The class is too difficult for him.
4 He doesn't like his teacher.

d Why did the waiter bring Ben another sandwich?

1 He thought Ben was hungry.
2 Ben asked for another sandwich.
3 He wanted Ben to stay.
4 He made a mistake.

e What did Ben's father tell him about Mexico?

1 Mexican food is great.
2 It's a great place to go on vacation.
3 Mexican people are very friendly.
4 The language is similar to English.

Write T (true), F (false), or N (not in the text) for each statement.

a This is Ben's first time away from home.

b His parents paid for the trip.

c He's making a lot of progress in Spanish.

d There are a lot of students in his class.

e He likes the people in Mexico.

With a partner read again and discuss Bens letter and complete the
chart

Spanish English
a ______________ What's your name?

Como to amo. b________________

c ______________ soup

embarazado d________________

e ______________ I eat a lot

With a partner develop a seven lines text describing what are the
main language problems that Ben had on his trip to Mexico City.

____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Reading skills: Scanning
First, read the following questions.
Then scan the text below and write the answers. You have two minutes.

a What are gestures?

_________________________________________________________________________
b How do people in Greece say '"no"?
_________________________________________________________________________

c How do Americans say ''OK"?

_________________________________________________________________________

d What does the American "OK" gesture mean in France?

_________________________________________________________________________

e What does it mean in China?

f Why should you not use this gesture in Russia?

__________________________________________________________________________

Gestures
It's okay. That's
(

just his way of Gestures are ways we use our bodies to communicate. Gestures
saying "Can I be help us communicate without speaking. The meanings of the
your friend?" gestures we use, however, can be very different in different parts
of the world. Sometimes this can cause confusion. For example, in
many parts of the world, to say "yes," people move their heads
up and down. In Greece, however, people move their heads back
to say "no." These two gestures can look very similar!
How do you say "OK" without speaking? Americans make a
circle with the thumb and forefinger of one hand. Be careful! In
Singapore, Russia, and some South American countries, this
is very rude. If you use this gesture, you will offend people. In
the south of France, it means "worthless," and in Japan and China, it means "money." It
seems we can have problems communicating, even when we don't open our mouths!
 The First Conditional

The first conditional has the present simple after 'if', then the future simple in the other clause:

if + present simple, ... will + infinitive

It's used to talk about things which might happen in the future. Of course, we can't know what will
happen in the future, but this describes possible things, which could easily come true.

If it rains, I won't go to the park.

If I study today, I'll go to the party tonight.
If I have enough money, I'll buy some new shoes.
She'll be late if the train is delayed.
She'll miss the bus if she doesn't leave soon.
If I see her, I'll tell her.

Study the examples, and then chose the best answer to complete each sentence

If you study in the U.S., you will learn the language more quickly.
If Brad has enough money, hell go to South America for a month.
Which countries will they go to if they visit Europe?
If you use the wrong .gesture, you can easily offend someone.

1. __________ to Europe, theyll visit their 5. Will Pierre teach you French if you______
relatives in the U.K. him English?
a lf they are a teaches
b They go b will teach
e lf they go c teaching
d Will they go d teach
6. The language won't be a problem. If I _____,
2. You'll ____ a great time if you go to Mexico.
I'll look in my phrase book.
a to have
a don't understand
b having.
b wont understand
e. have
c cant to understand
d has
d 'm not understanding
 3. What _____ if she gets sick while traveling in
7. Where will you stay, if . ___ ___ to ltaly?
Africa?
a you going
a will Ratana do
b youre going.
b Ratana will do
c you go
c will Ratana doing
d you will go
d would Ratana do
4. People will be more friendly if you __ to speak 8. "So, are you going to study in Australia?
the language. "Yes, if l _____ enough money."
a are trying a can save
b try b will save
c tried c 'm saving
d will try d saved

First Conditional.
Write Present Simple or Future in the blanks.
If the pupil ................................... (cheat) again, the head teacher .........................................
(punish) him.
If you .......................... (need) some help with English, we .............................. (do) the activities
together.
Thomas ..................................... (feel) very lonely if Helen ............................................ (not write)
to him.
If they ........................... (not play) better in the second half, they ................................ (not win) the
match.
If the shops .................................... (not be) open, we .................................. (not go) to the city
centre tomorrow.
Charles ........................................ (study) in Oxford if he ................................. (go) to university
next year.
If I ............................. (not tidy) my room, my mother ............................. (not give) me any pocket
money.
If you .......................... (get) angry with your girlfriend, ......................... you ............................. (tell)
her?
The pupils .......................................... (fail) the exam if the answers .......................................... (not
be) correct.
Form conditional sentences (type 1) using the present simple and the future simple, and
any other addition.

1 you (be) late / you (not see) the concert. 7 I (take) you to eat out / you (tell) me you
____________________________________ love me.
____________ ____________________________________
____________
2 we (not clean) the garden / it (be) too cold
outside. 8 I (stay) at home / you (not phone) me to go
____________________________________ out tonight.
____________ ____________________________________
____________
3 they (buy) the new house / the bank (give)
them the money. 9 John (talk) to you / he (have) an opportunity
____________________________________ this morning.
____________ ____________________________________
____________
4 you (learn) foreign languages / your life (be)
better. 10 he (not be) at home now / we (come) back
____________________________________ later.
____________ ____________________________________
____________
5 my father (fly) to Brazil tonight / the weather
(be) fine. 11 they (not study) every day / they (not get)
____________________________________ good marks.
____________ ____________________________________
____________
6 she (not tell) the truth / she (have) problems
with the police. 12 she (not pass) Maths, she (not go) to the
____________________________________ school trip.
____________ ____________________________________
____________
Chat with your partner (Talk about it).

1 Read these statements. Check () your opinions

Agree Disagree
English is a useful language. _____ _______
Everyone in the world should speak English. _____ _______
I think foreigners should speak my language. _____ _______

_____ _______
2 Make a group and compare your opinions.

3 Choose the best answers to complete the text.

Day of the Dead

I went to Mexico on vacation last year. I went 1 _________a festival called "El Dia de los
Muertos," or "The Day of the Dead." It was 2__________! Families visited the graves of their
dead relatives. They cleaned the graves and put flowers there. I could understand this. But
then they all sat down and had picnics! I'm Australian, so this surprised me. And later, there
was a street party. This was even more of a shock. People wore 3__________ to look like they
were dead. These "dead people" smiled as they were riding bikes, singing, dancing, playing
music; even getting married! Some people ate bread that looked like human bones! At first, I
was shocked, but then, I4______________, that this is a healthy way to look at 5 ________. If
you 6 _____________ the chance, you really should go. 7 __________ love it! I don't think I'll
try this 8 _________________________________________ home, though!

1 a in b at c to d from
2 a amaze b amazed c amazes d amazing
3 a equipment b uniforms c costumes d dresses
4 a realized b knew c recognized d managed
5 a dead b die c died d death
6 a will have b have c are having d had
7 a You are b You can c You'll d You be
8 a in b at c on d for
 The way we live
Answer the questions.
1 What can you see?
2 Where are these people?

In 2002, a U.S. company,

Catalytic Software, built
a town in India for its
workers. Everyone in
New Oroville lives in a
"dome home."
The 50-acre town has
offices, parks, gardens, a
swimming pool, and
tennis courts, too.

Kirkpatrick Sale is a
leader of a group that
doesn't like modern
technology. He
ended a talk to 1,500
people in New York by
destroying a computer. 'It
felt wonderful," he said.

3 Ask and answer these questions with a partner.

Is technology a big part of your life?

What would life be like without computers?

Is the world a better or worse place because of technology?

 No place like home
Focus

Look at these pictures and read the

information.

Home is where the heart is.

Pliny the Elder, ancient historian
Not everyone in today's modern world
wants
a modern home. For some people, an You forget that wherever you
earth home is best.
wander, there's no place like
home.
Other people even prefer to live F.C. Burnand, writer
underground
Think about it
Why do some people choose to live in unusual homes like these? With a
partner,

put the words in the correct order to make sentences and find out.
a) the / planet / think / these / homes / People / help / save
b) build / cheaper / They / are / to
c) are / live / economical / They / more / to / in
d) Some / fashionable / think / they / people / are
e) because / different / them / People / like / are / they

Read this text.

In today's world, many people worry about the planet. They dislike the
inefficiency of modern homes. They disagree with the idea that we are unable
to change the way we live. For these people, the ideal home is one that does not
harm the earth. Michael Reynolds lives in New Mexico. He lives in an Earthship.
Believe it or not, an Earthship is made from old tires filled with earth. The walls
are often made from empty tin cans, plastic bottles, and other materials. All the
power the Earthship needs comes from the sun or wind. All the water the
Earthship uses comes from rain. It is a very independent and clean way of living.
It's unfortunate that people think this kind of living is inconvenient. Michael claims
it isn't, and tries to educate others to understand this. He gives lectures, writes
books, makes CDs, and is often in the media. "I hope in my lifetime to see towns
and cities built this way," says Michael. Thanks to his efforts, the number of
Earthships around the world is increasing. Perhaps one day, living in an
Earthship won't be unusual - we might all live this way!
 Predicting

You're going to read a magazine article about a family that built a dome home.
With a partner, look at these words and try to guess their story.

hurricane destroy U.S. home build dome strong friends unusual

Huiet and Helen Paul live on Sullivans Island, South Carolina, U.S. One unfortunate clay in
1989, Hurricane Hugo destroyed their home. They had to build a new home. But they didn't
choose a regular home. Their son, George, designs and builds dome homes. He helped
them to build a dome home. They call their dome home "Eye of the Storm." It has four floors,
giving 3,500 square feet of living space. It cost about $600,000 to build.
They chose a dome home because it is very strong. It weighs almost 450 tons. The upper
floors are not held up by the building below which means there are 250 tons hanging from
the structure.
The Pauls know they should be safe in bad weather. Special shutters close to protect the
home when there is a hurricane. It takes just 15 seconds!

On the first floor is a parking area. An elevator goes up to the entrance on the next floor.
This is the main living area. It includes a kitchen, living room, dining room, and a large
entertainment area. A fireplace on the inside even becomes a barbecue on the outside!
There are also three bathrooms and two bedrooms. All bedrooms have views of the ocean.
On the next floor are the main bedroom and bathroom, plus another entertainment area.
The Eyes top floor is a loft with a sofa and a huge skylight. "Mom loves to relax and read up
here," says
George, "and the kids love to sleep up here. They like the height and the skylight."
Visitors to the Eye of the Storm love it. It's so unusual! People say the dome home
makes them "feel alive," and that its "fun. What do you think? Could you live in a dome
home?
 Understanding the text
1 Read these questions and write your answers according to the story eye of the storm

a What is the name of the dome home

____________________________________________
b Who is George?
____________________________________________________________
c How much did the dome home cost to build
________________________________________
d How many square feet of living space does it have
__________________________________
e Why do you think they decided to build a dome home
________________________________

2 Complete this plan of the dome home.

bathrooms bedrooms dining room entertainment area

kitchen main bedroom parking area sofa

____________________________________________

Entertainment area

_____________________________and bathroom

Living room ______________________________

____________________ _________________

____________________ _________________

_________________________________________
3 Write T (true), F (false), or N (not in the text) for each statement.

a Huiet and Helen Paul come from South Carolina.

___________________________________________

b They wanted a dome home because its very fashionable.

____________________________________

c Some of their neighbors also have dome homes.

__________________________________________

d There are five bathrooms in the dome home.

_____________________________________________

e The shutters close in 20 seconds.

_______________________________________________________

4 Would you like to live in this home? Tell a partner. What would be the house you will construct
to preserve your life and family in case of a disaster in your area? Write your ideas in a ten lines
text:
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
Read the text again and with a partner.

1 Looking the magazine again together, decide if each underlined phrase is a

cause or an effect.
a Because a hurricane destroyed their home, Huiet and Helen Paul had to build a new
one. ______________

b A dome home is very strong, so it is safe in bad weather. ___________

c The kids like the loft so they love to sleep up there ___________

Read this text. Write C (cause) or E (effect) for each underlined phrase

Tipis

North American Indians were the first people to use tipis, hundreds of years ago - and
theyre still used today. Many people like them 1 because they are easy to move and quick
to set up. They are strong, too, 2 so they provide protection in very bad weather. Some
people today like living in
tipis because 3 tipis are friendly to the environment. In the winter, 4 people puts special
covers on the insides of the tipis because this makes them warmer. In the center of a tipi,
there is often a fire. Smoke escapes through a hole in the top of the tipi. In the summer,
some people paint their tipis white because 5 it's cooler. A modern tipi can last around ten
years- if you take care of it!

1__________ 2_________3_______________ 4____________ 5_______________

Study the examples, and then chose the best answer to complete each sentence.

You can set up a tipi quickly.

In the winter, people put special covers on the insides of the tipis.
A modern tipi can last around ten years - if you take care of it!

1. More people are recycling their 5. If you see garbage in the street, you
garbage rather than throwing should .
____ .
a out it a pick it up
b it up b pick up it
c it away c pick up
d away it d to pick up

2. To get permission to build a new 6. Most people agree we need to .

house, you need to a lot of
forms. a take the planet of care
a fill up b of the planet take care
b fill them out c take care of the planet
c fill over d care of take the planet
d fill out
7. If you want to move to a new home,
3. It can be difficult to be "green," you shouldn't .
but
we should never . a put off it
a give up b put off
b give it out c put away
c give it away d put it off
d give over
Energy prices are high, so we need to
4. The cost of gas is always heating.
these
days. a cut on down
a going out b cut down on
b going up c cut down
c going it up d cut them down
d getting up
Chat with your partner (Talk about it).

Ask and answer these questions with a partner.

Where in the world would you like to live?

Why would you like to live there?

What kind of home would you like to live in?

large ________economical ___________fashionable ______old_______ Green_________

Use the following lines to extend your ideas in writing:

__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
 Fighting the future
Focus

Look at these pictures and read the information.

Think about it

How important is modern technology in your life? Ask and answer these
questions with a partner.

How often
. send e-mails?
. text your friends?
. send instant messages?
. visit social networking sites?
. talk on the phone?
. watch TV?
. use the internet?
. watch DVDs with friends?
Read this text. Match each word in italics with a word that has a similar
meaning.

Today, the computer is king. We use computers for everything. Computers are in our
cars,
homes, 1 offices - everywhere. Technology 2 controls our lives. We have machines to do
everything for us, from washing our clothes to making our food. Many people think this is
3 wonderful. They like the comfort of modern living. According to the Pew Research

Center,
however, 70 per cent of Americans it surveyed for a report thought that technology makes
people lazier. Sixty-five per cent thought that it makes people more isolated. Perhaps this
explains why some people dislike the importance of modern technology in their lives.
They
prefer the 4 simple life of the past. They want to do things the 5 traditional way. They want
to live without modern technology. Some even 6 form their own 7 communities and live
8 separate from the rest of the world,

A ___________ old-fashioned E______________ divided

B ___________ fantastic F______________ workplaces
C ___________ rules G______________ societies
D ___________ make H ______________ uncomplicated

Predicting

You're going to read about Amish people in the U.S. With a partner, look at these pictures
and try to guess what their life is like.
Jennys vacation diary

Aug. 23: Amish Country

 Understanding the text
1 Write T (true), F (false), or N (not in the text) for each statement.
a There are more Amish now than in the past. _______________________________
b Amish children stop studying at 14. _______________________________
c The Amish don't speak English. _______________________________
d Amoss family are farmers. _______________________________
e Around 25,000 Amish live in Pennsylvania. _______________________________

2 Complete the sentences.

a A lot of Amish men have long__________________________________

b Amish don't have , so they can't use modern technology.
c Some Amish people travel by .
d The Amish speak a language called
e The Amish want to be from the outside world.

3 Correct the mistake in each sentence.

a Pennsylvania Dutch is similar to English.
b The Amish like people to take photographs of them.
c Amos left school six years ago.
d Amish women usually wear dresses and red hats.
e Next week, Jenny and her family are going to Hersheypark.

4 Read these questions and write your answers.

a Why are Jenny and her family in Lancaster County?

b How are they traveling?

c How old is Jenny?

d Who are "Englishers"?

e Do you think Jenny would like to live the Amish way? Why/why not?
 Reading
1 Look again at the travel diary. Who or what do the words underlined refer to?
a . they want to be independent from the outside world. __________________
b. they spoke a strange language together __________________
c . . .gave it to me! ____________________________
d He waved at our car as we drove away. __________________________
e I dont think VII see any Amish there. ____________________________
f It was a really interesting place. ____________________________
g Dad said this is because . . . ___________________________
h it's a little like German. _____________________________

Read this text. With a partner, answer the empty spaces with the proper words
taken from the text, decide who or what the words in italics refer to

Witness
The movie Witness was made in 1985. a it starred Harrison Ford as a Philadelphia
policeman. In the movie, b he lives with the Amish to protect a young Amish boy.
The boy saw a terrible crime. The movie made the Amish famous all over the world.
Now, around eight million tourists go to Lancaster County each year. c They go to
see the Amish. Some Amish are not farmers anymore. d They make things to sell,
such as bed covers and traditional food. e These things are very popular with
tourists. So, the movie changed the way some Amish live in their communities.
People began to ask, "Can the Amish really keep out the modern world" Well, in
2008, there were more than 200,000 Amish in the U.S . . .and their population is
growing rapidly!
Study the examples, and then choose the best answer to complete
each sentence.

Amos told Jenny that Amish people speak Pennsylvania Dutch.

He said around 25,000 Arni'sh live in Lancaster County.
He told her Amish children leave school when they are 14.

1 Jenny's dad that the Amish 5 Her mom Jenny that Amos
are Christians. liked her.
a told a said
b said her b told
c said c told to
d told to her d said Jenny

2 Amos Jenny that he was 6 Amos Pennsylvania Dutch is

18 years old. a little like German.
a said a told Jenny about
b tell b said her that
c told c tell Jenny that
d says d said that

3 Before she left, Jenny _____ 7 Amos her that the Amish
a said goodbye to Amos only speak English to outsiders.
b told goodbye to Amos a says
c told Amos to goodbye b told that
d said Amos goodbye c told to
d said to

4 Jenny's dad they were 8 He he worked on his parents

"Old Order" Amish. farm.
a tells to her a told that Jenny
b says her b told her that
c said c said her
d told that d tell Jenny
JOSUE AVALOS NAJERA

PEDRO SANTOS MENA

MAURICIO AVILA

ITZAMAR SAMANIEGO GUERRERO

IMTW43

Unidad I

SISTEMAS DE MANUFACTURA FLEXIBLE

Profesor: Gerardo Madrid Melendez

 KAIZEN

Definicin de Kaizen
KAI significa cambio
ZEN significa bueno.

El significado de la palabra Kaizen es mejoramiento continuo y esta filosofa se compone de varios

pasos que nos permiten analizar variables crticas del proceso de produccin y buscar su mejora
en forma diaria con la ayuda de equipos multidisciplinarios.
Esta filosofa lo que pretende es tener una mejor calidad y reduccin de costos de produccin con
simples modificaciones diarias.
Al hacer Kaizen los trabajadores van ir mejorando los estndares de la empresa y al hacerlo
podrn llegar a tener estndares de muy alto nivel y alcanzar los objetivos de la empresa. Es por
esto que es importante que los estndares nuevos creados por mejoras o modificaciones sean
analizados y contemplen siempre la seguridad, calidad y productividad de la empresa.

Origen
Su origen es japons como consecuencia de la segunda Guerra Mundial, al terminar Japn
enfrenta muchos problemas en su industria por lo crean la JUSE la cual es la Unin Japonesa de
Cientficos e Ingenieros e invitan a Dr. William Edwards Deming y a Joseph Juran en varios
seminarios con lo cual logran crear nueva metodologa para mejorar el sistema empresarial.
El Kaizen utiliza el Circulo de Deming como herramienta para la mejora continua.
Este crculo de Deming tambin se le llama PDCA por sus siglas en ingls.
Plan (Planear): en esta fase el equipo pone su meta, analiza el problema y define el plan
de accin
Do (Hacer): Una vez que tienen el plan de accin este se ejecuta y se registra.
Check (Verificar): Luego de cierto tiempo se analiza el resultado obtenido.
Act (Actuar): Una vez que se tienen los resultados se decide si se requiere alguna
modificacin para mejorar.

Fundamentos
Los fundamentos importantes en la realizacin de filosofa de Kaizen es Compromiso y
Disciplina a todo nivel de la organizacin.
La disciplina y constancia son lo que hace que kaizen se diferencia de otras metodologas y por
lo que la hace ser filosofa. El grupo de personas que realizan Kaizen luego de arreglar un
problema siguen mejorando y no paran ni se quedan esperando otro problema.
En cuanto a compromiso se debe destacar que todo nivel de organizacin tiene involucramiento
en el kaizen. Es muy comn decir en que el kaizen es para la planta y operadores eso NO es as
el kaizen empieza de arriba hacia debajo. Este inicia con el presidente mejorando en su nivel, los
gerentes, jefes y supervisores se involucran en los equipos para ir mejorando da a da. Aqu
estamos hablando que puede haber equipos en finanzas, en Servicio al Cliente, Ventas, Cadena
de Suministros etc.

Para qu nos sirve el Kaizen en la empresa?

El kaizen sirve para detectar y solucionar los problemas en todas las reas de nuestra
organizacin y tiene como prioridad revisar y optimizar los todos los procesos que se realizan.
Una empresa con la filosofa Kaizen tiene como primera ventaja competitiva el siempre estar en
cambio para mejorar y su personal motivado realizando las actividades de kaizen.

Kaizen Requiere inversin?

Los equipos Kaizen deben ir revisando y mejorando da a da en el tanto de la capacidad de sus
recursos. Lo importante es que si el equipo llega a tener una solucin y debe hacer una inversin
esta debe ser aceptada por el negocio. Cabe destacar que no todas las soluciones deben ser con
inversin.
Cules son las herramientas ms utilizadas en Kaizen?
Ishikawa
Paretto
Histograma

Cmo implementar Kaizen y cual Estructura debe haber en tu organizacin?

Kaizen es una filosofa para la empresa por lo que su implementacin tiene ciertos pasos y te
podemos sugerir estos por experiencias adquiridas por nosotros.

Kaizen Implementacin-Cmo implementar Kaizen.

1.Seleccin del Tema:

El tema a seleccionar en kaizen puede ser escogido por la presidencia o la gerencia siempre y
cuando est acorde a los objetivos de empresa.
Posibles temas pueden abarcar reas como:
Seguridad. (Reduccin de accidentes)
Calidad. (Requerimientos del cliente)
Productividad. (mejora de tiempos)
Medio Ambiente y otros. (uso de desechos)
Por ejemplo, si el objetivo de la empresa es aumentar la produccin se pueden hacer diferentes
tipos de kaizen hacia ese mismo objetivo como aumento capacidad en mquinas, reduccin de
reproceso, mejora de mtodos de trabajo y otros que pueden ser usados en las reas
determinadas como cuellos de botella de cada departamento.
2.Equipo de trabajo:
El equipo debe ser siempre que se pueda multidisciplinario sea que personas de diferente rea
se unan para formar un equipo. Esto con el propsito de tener personas que pueden aportar
mucho por su conocimiento y experiencia en su rea de trabajo.
Es recomendable que cada grupo tenga un lder el cual sea el responsable de coordinar las
reuniones e informe con el grupo el progreso a la gerencia.
Los integrantes son escogidos por el Lder y este debe asegurar que sean los ms capacitados
en referencia al problema a atacar. No vamos a poner alguien de un departamento que no tenga
nada que ver con el problema que estamos lidiando.
Ejemplo:
1. Integrante#1 Jefe del departamento *Lder)
2. Integrante#2 Mantenimiento
3. Integrante#3 Ingeniero Industrial
4. Integrante#4 Seguridad
5. Integrante#5 Ingeniero de Proceso
Puedes aprender ms acerca de equipo de trabajo en el artculo trabajo en equipo.
3.Obtencin y Anlisis de datos:
La recoleccin de datos por parte del equipo tiene como fin determinar las causas principales para
arreglar el problema.
Para determinar estas causas se pueden seguir estos pasos:
1.Crear un Ishikawa para determinar las posibles causas.
Ejemplo:

2.Crear una hoja de registro para obtener informacin de las causas analizadas en diagrama
de Ishikawa.
Esta informacin puede ser recolectada por computadora o por el trabajador del rea.
Al tener la hoja de registro esta informacin debe ser tabulada y graficada para lograr obtener
tendencias por mquina, por turno y por persona de modo que vayamos filtrando las causa y de
este modo atacar causas crticas y no todas.
Con este grfico sabemos que las ms importantes son fallas mecnicas y tiempo de encender la
mquina por lo tanto debemos concentrar a obtener ms datos acerca de estas dos causas y
obtener Paretos de cada una para seguir desglosando la informacin hasta llegar a lo ms
detallado para implementar luego la mejora.
4.Gembutsu Gemba:
Gembutsu: significa el producto el cual en este caso se refiere al producto que estamos
analizando por ejemplo mquina, equipo, material, tiempos de manufactura etc.
Gemba: significa el rea donde ocurre o el rea de trabajo don analizaremos el problema.
Comprendiendo el significado de ambas palabras esta fase nos invita a ir al rea donde se produce
el problema y verificar los datos obtenidos anteriormente. Es posible que se conozca ms del
problema y se eliminen o aumenten ms variables o causas antes mencionadas.
Esta actividad la realiza el equipo y se podra hacer ms de una observacin en el rea para ir
analizando el problema con ms detalle. Si amerita es bueno llevar un formato para establecer lo
acontecido durante la observacin. Puedes leer ms en nuestro artculo de Gemba.
IMPORTANTE SON LOS COMENTARIOS DE LAS PERSONAS QUE TRABAJAN EN ESA
AREA
Adems de Gemba para analizar el problema, tambin podemos encontrar una herramienta muy
til derivada del Gemba llamada Gemba Walk, la cual nos permite darle seguimiento al problema
y mejorar el rea para que el problema sea ms evidente y podamos analizarlo mejor.
5. Plan de Contramedidas
Al haber hecho los tres pasos anteriores la cantidad de variables o posibles causas se han
reducido y por lo tanto nos queda tomar contramedidas para las que han quedado y son crticas
para la mejora de nuestro proceso. Estas contramedidas se registrarn en un plan en el cual se
deber tener:
Fechas en la cual deber implementar la contramedida o actividad requerida.
Responsable de la ejecucin de la contramedida.
6. Seguimiento y evaluacin de resultados:
El equipo llevar un seguimiento mediante grficos del problema en forma diaria si es posible y
realizar de nuevo el paso 3 (GEMBUTSU GEMBA) para su verificacin en el rea de trabajo.
7. Estandarizacin y Expansin:
Al tener varios meses con buenos resultados definimos que este problema est en control por lo
que debemos llegar a ponerlo en procedimientos o prcticas registradas por el departamento de
manufactura. Esto con el fin de que no se pierda la mejora y las nuevas personas sean entrenados
con estos nuevos procedimientos. En tanto a la expansin esta se refiere a que una vez teniendo
las variables controladas el kaizen se puede expandir a otros lugares, por ejemplo, si mejoramos
la velocidad de una mquina la mejora que se realizo puede ser copiada a las otras mquinas del
proceso.
El paso de kaizen ms importante!
Antes de finalizar el articulo sera buena idea que hablemos en la seccin de comentarios acerca
de cul paso crees que es el ms importante en tu trabajo y por qu? Esto nos puede ayudar a
todos para conocer ms de los pasos del kaizen. Por ejemplo, en una empresa donde trabajaba
el punto principal es el equipo de trabajo porque muchos creen que no se puede arreglar las cosas
(necesitbamos cambio de cultura). Para ti cul de los 7 puntos de la implementacin de Kaizen
crees que debes poner mayor atencin.