Ventilating (the V in HVAC) is the process of "processing" or replacing air in any space What Is Mechanical Ventilation?

to provide high indoor air quality (i.e. to control temperature, replenish oxygen, or
remove moisture, odors, smoke, heat, dust, airborne bacteria and carbon dioxide).
Ventilation is used to remove unpleasant smells and excessive moisture, introduce
outside air, to keep interior building air circulating, and to prevent stagnation of the
interior air.
SYSTEM OF VENTILATION - Natural WIND EFFECT STACK EFFECT COMBINATION
EFFECT
9. Definition - mechanical ventilation systems circulate fresh air using ducts and
fans rather than relying on airflow through small holes or cracks in a homes wall,
roof or windows. Homeowners can breath easier knowing their home has a good
ventilation. Benefits of using mechanical ventilation:- 1. Better indoor air quality
can remove pollutants, allergens, and moisture that can cause mold problems 2.
More control provide proper fresh air flow along with appropriate locations for
intake and exhaust 3. Improved comfort allow a constant flow of outside air into the
home and can also provide filtration, dehumidification, and conditioning of the
incoming outside air. SYSTEM OF VENTILATION - Mechanical
10. These systems employ an electrically driven fan or fans to provide the necessary
air movement; They also ensure a specified air change and the air under fan
pressure can be forced through filters. There are three types of mechanical
ventilation systems: 1. Natural inlet and mechanical extract (exhaust system). 2.
Mechanical inlet and natural extract 3. Mechanical inlet and extract SYSTEM OF
VENTILATION -Mechanical
11. NATURAL INLET & MECHANICAL EXTRACT This is the most common type of
system and is used for kitchens, workshops, laboratories, internal sanitary
apartments, garages and assembly halls. The fan creates negative pressure on its
inlet side, and this causes the air inside the room to move towards the fan, and the
room air is displaced by the fresh air from outside the room. SYSTEM OF
VENTILATION -Mechanical
12. MECHANICAL INLET & NATURAL EXTRACT It is essential with this system that
the air is heated before it is forced into the building. The system may be used for
boiler rooms, offices and certain types of factories. The air may be heated in a
central plant and ducted to the various rooms, or a unit fan convector may be used.
SYSTEM OF VENTILATION -Mechanical
13. MECHANICAL INLET & EXTRACT This provides the best possible system of
ventilation, but it is also the most expensive and is used for many types of buildings
including cinemas, theatres, offices, lecture theatres, dance halls, restaurants,
departmental stores and sports centers. The system is essential for operating
theatres and sterilizing rooms. SYSTEM OF VENTILATION -Mechanical
14. TYPES OF FAN FANS - Propeller Fan does not create much air pressure and has
limited effect in ductwork. Ideal for use at air openings in windows and walls.
15. TYPES OF FAN FANS - Axial Flow Fan can develop high pressure and is used for
moving air through long sections of ductwork. The fan is integral with the run of
ducting and does not require a base.
16. TYPES OF FAN FANS - Centrifugal Fan can produce high pressure and has the
capacity for large volumes of air. Most suited to larger installations such as air
conditioning systems. It may have one or two inlets. Various forms of impeller can be
selected depending on the air condition. Variable impellers and pulley ratios from the
detached drive motor make this the most versatile of fans.
17. CELL OR PANEL TYPE Flat or in a vee formation to increase the surface contact
area. Available in dry or wet (viscous) composition in disposable format for simple
fitting within the ductwork. A rigid outer frame is necessary to prevent flanking
leakage of dirty air. Dry filters can be vacuum cleaned to extend their life, but in
time will be replaced. The viscous filter is coated with an odorless, non-toxic, non-
flammable oil. These can be cleaned in hot soapy water and recoated with oil. AIR
FILTERS
18. BAG TYPE A form of filtration material providing a large air contact area. When
the fan is inactive the bag will hang limply unless wire reinforced. It will resume a
horizontal profile during normal system operation. Fabric bags can be washed
periodically and replaced. AIR FILTERS
19. ROLLER TYPE FILTER Operated manually or by pressure sensitive switch. As the
filter becomes less efficient, resistance to air flow increases. The pressure effects a
detector which engages a motor to bring down clean fabric from the top spool.
Several perforated rollers can be used to vee format and increase the fabric contact
Mechanical ventilation is any method of using a power-driven fan to move air in a desired
direction. These types of systems are commonly installed in bathrooms, on or near the
ceilings, to remove moist air when showering or bathing. Mechanical ventilation systems are
also installed above stovetops to remove water vapor, cooking smells and to exhaust the by-
products of combustion for gas stoves. They are also installed in attics to increase the
amount of air exchange with the outside, reducing moisture buildup and mitigating the
chances of mold.
Advantages
Ventilation reduces the amount of moisture in the interior of a home. This moisture comes
from people breathing, bathing and sweating, as well as from plants, cooking and stored
firewood. As the moisture content of the air rises, the likelihood of mold and fungus taking
hold increases as well. If the moisture content of a wooden structure exceeds 18 percent it
can begin to deteriorate through rot. Your home needs a much dryer environment than you
do, so trying to find the correct humidity is always a balance. Ventilating the house also
brings fresher, cleaner air into the living environment. Common household cleaners and
products evaporate and can create indoor air pollution.
Disadvantages
The more you ventilate a home the more its heating and cooling efficiency is reduced. When
you bring in the exterior air you increase the workload for your HVAC system. However, you
can install heat recovery ventilators (HRV) to recover the energy lost through ventilation.
Another disadvantage of mechanical ventilators is that they can depressurize a home. The
modern home is so airtight that when you force air to the exterior it can lower the interior
pressure. This can cause problems for natural vent appliances like furnaces and hot water
heaters that need positive pressure to exhaust their combustion products out of the home.
The negative pressure pulls these gasses into the living environment and are potentially very
dangerous for the occupants.
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ventilation-systems.html
Types[edit]
Mechanical or forced ventilation: through an air handling unit or direct injection to a space
by a fan. A local exhaust fan can enhance infiltration or natural ventilation, thus increasing the
ventilation air flow rate.
Natural ventilation occurs when the air in a space is changed with outdoor air without the
use of mechanical systems, such as a fan. Most often natural ventilation is assured through
operable windows but it can also be achieved through temperature and pressure differences
between spaces. Open windows or vents are not a good choice for ventilating a basement or
other below ground structure. Allowing outside air into a cooler below ground space will
cause problems with humidity and condensation.
Mixed Mode Ventilation or Hybrid ventilation: uses both mechanical and natural ventilation
processes. The mechanical and natural components may be used in conjunction with each
other or separately at different times of day. The natural component, sometimes subject to
unpredictable external weather conditions may not always be adequate to ventilate the
desired space. The mechanical component is then used to increase the overall ventilation rate
so that the desired internal conditions are met. Alternatively the mechanical component may
be used as a control measure to regulate the natural ventilation process, for example, to
restrict the air change rate during periods of high wind speeds.
Infiltration is separate from ventilation, but is often used to provide ventilation air.
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF NATURAL VENTILATION
Here are the main benefits and drawbacks of natural ventilation to help you determine its potential under
your particular situation.
Advantages
Energy: Natural ventilation does not require energy to operate fans or a furnace, which means fuel
conservation and cost savings. If we assume that 35 percent of Indiana's hogs are finished in confinement,
the difference in fixed and operating costs between mechanically- (environmentally-controlled) and
naturally-ventilated swine finishing buildings would exceed $500,000 annually. If we included gestation
buildings, the figure would be even higher. Yet the difference in performance of hogs raised in
mechanically- vs. naturally-ventilated structures has not been shown to be significant.
Animal safety: Because natural ventilation systems do not require fans, confinement animals would not be
affected by electrical power failures. Over the past several years, the value of swine suffocated in
environmentally-controlled buildings due to power failures is in the tens of thousands of dollars.
Disadvantages
Lack of control: Probably the most serious drawback of a natural system is the lack of precise control of air
flow, which only fan ventilation can insure. Natural ventilation depends somewhat on the difference
between inside and outside temperature but mostly on the wind, which can change in both speed and
direction every few minutes. This means a building runs the risk of underventilation on calm, hot days and
overventilation on cold days.
Building location: Because natural ventilation depends largely on prevailing wind currents, a location
where wind would be deflected or blocked is unacceptable for a natural system, although it might be ideal
from the standpoint of feed and animal handling.
Difficult-to-correct problems: Good natural ventilation in a livestock building is the result of the `right'
design, `right' location and `right' construction. Therefore, a naturally-ventilated building which does not
function properly is often difficult and expensive to correct. Sometimes the only solution is to revert to
mechanical ventilation.
Stack effect is the movement of air into and out of buildings, chimneys, flue gas stacks, or other
containers, resulting from air buoyancy. Buoyancy occurs due to a difference in indoor-to-outdoor air
density resulting from temperature and moisture differences. The result is either a positive or negative
buoyancy force. The greater the thermal difference and the height of the structure, the greater the
buoyancy force, and thus the stack effect. The stack effect is also referred to as the "chimney effect", and
it helps drive natural ventilation, infiltration, and fires (see Kaprun disaster and King's Cross fire).
Recommendations from design guidelines from various building regulations suggest the following: 1.
Building orientation and location. 2. Building form and dimensions. 3. Window typologies and
operations; 4. Types, shape and size of openings; 5. Construction methods and detailing; 6. Urban
planning consideration SYSTEM OF VENTILATION - Natural