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LEARNERS GUIDE
PLAN AND ESTABLISH SYSTEMS AND PROCEDURES
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
Introduction....................................................................................................................................1
Welcome ..............................................................................................................................1
This Competency Unit .........................................................................................................1
Before you start....................................................................................................................2
Planning your learning programme .....................................................................................2
How to use this Learner Guide ............................................................................................4
Using the Computer and Other Resources...........................................................................6
Method of Assessment.........................................................................................................6
Quality Assurance................................................................................................................6
Self-Assessment Checklist.................................................................................................16
Self-Assessment Checklist.................................................................................................19
Self-Assessment Checklist.................................................................................................22
LG THHGAD0163A
PLAN AND ESTABLISH SYSTEMS
AND PROCEDURES
INTRODUCTION
Welcome
Welcome to the Learners Guide for Unit of Competency Plan and Establish Systems and
Procedures. This is just one of a number of Learners Guides produced for the Linen Room
Attendant Skills stream of the Tourism and Hospitality Industry, and it is designed to guide you,
the learner, through a series of learning processes and activities that will enable you to achieve
the specified learning outcomes for the competency unit.
The content of this guide was developed from the Competency Standard THHGAD0163A,
which is one of the basic building blocks for the National Vocational Qualification of Jamaica
(NVQ-J) certification within the industry. Please refer to your Learners Handbook for a
thorough explanation of standards and competencies, and how these relate to the NVQ-J
certification.
You are also advised to consult the Competency Standard and Assessment Instrument for a better
understanding of what is required to master the competency.
Plan and establish systems and procedures addresses the knowledge and skills required for
effectively planning and establishing systems and procedures. This competency unit consists of
the following elements:
As you go through each element, you will find critical information relating to each one. You are
advised to study them carefully so that you will be able to develop the necessary knowledge,
skills and attitudes for planning and establishing systems and procedures.
a. Obtain a Learner Logbook that you will use to record evidence of your new
skills/competence. As you demonstrate your new skills, record your activities and have your
learning facilitator sign off on them. This will allow you to provide evidence of your
competence when you are being assessed against the competency standard.
b. Ensure that you have access to the facilities and equipment necessary for learning.
d. Ensure that tools and equipment are safe, and that the correct safety equipment is used.
The self-assessment checklist on the following page will assist you in planning your training
programme as it will help you to think about the knowledge and skills needed to demonstrate
competency in this unit. As you go through the checklist you will be able to find out what
competencies you have already mastered and which one you will need to pay more attention to
as you go through the learning process.
To complete the self-assessment checklist simply read the statements and tick the Yes or No
box. You should do this exercise now.
Self-Assessment Checklist
- Plan and establish systems and procedures
If you ticked most of the Yes boxes then you might not need to go through the entire guide.
Ask your learning facilitator to assist you in determining the most appropriate direction for this
competency.
If you ticked few of the Yes boxes or none at all then you should work through all of the guide,
even though some of the material might be familiar to you.
Plan your learning based on your answers. Be sure to involve your learning facilitator in the
planning process.
This Learner Guide is designed to assist you in working and learning at your own pace. We
suggest that you:
Check your progress at each checkpoint to ensure that you have understood the material.
Observe the icons and special graphics used throughout this guide to remind you of what you
have to do to enhance your learning. The icons and their meanings are as follows:
Definition Box
Words/phrases are defined or explained in this box. The
words/phrases being explained are in bold print.
Checkpoint
This denotes a brain teaser and is used to check your
understanding of the materials presented. No answers are
provided for the questions asked.
Activity
This denotes something for you to do either alone or with the
assistance of your trainer/supervisor.
Reference
This points you to the reference materials and other support
documents or resources used in compiling the unit content.
Ask your learning facilitator for help if you have any problems with the interpretation of the
contents, the procedures, or the availability.
Complete each activity as you come to it. If the activity requires you to perform an actual
task, be sure to tell your learning facilitator when you get to that activity so that he/she can
make arrangements, if necessary.
Get your learning facilitator to sign and date the Learner Logbook when you have completed
an activity.
When you have worked through all elements of the guide, and when you can tick every Yes
box, you are ready for assessment and may ask your learning facilitator to assist you in making
the arrangements to have your performance assessed.
Where your activities refer you to the library, computer and Internet resources, ask your learning
facilitator to assist you with locating these resources. If you are getting your training in an
institution, there may be a library and computer laboratory. If this is not the case, visit the local
library and find out what resources are available.
If you are new to the computer and the Internet, someone should be able to show you how to use
these resources.
Please note that in many of your activities you have been referred to information on the Internet.
This is because the Internet has a vast amount of information that can help you in acquiring the
particular competencies. We would like to advise you, however, that we cannot guarantee that all
the sites will be available when you need them. If this happens, ask your learning facilitator to
assist you with locating other sites that have the information you require.
Method of Assessment
Competency will be assessed while work is being undertaken under direct supervision with
regular checks, but may include some autonomy when working as a team. You are advised to
consult the associated competency standard for further details relating to the assessment
strategies.
Quality Assurance
A feedback form is included at the back of each learner guide, so all users are given the
opportunity to document any concerns which they may have in regard to any aspect of the guide.
Such feedback will assist in the review of the guide. Users are encouraged to complete the form
and send it to the address given.
You may now start your learning. Have fun while you work!
LEARNING OUTCOMES
As you go through this element you will acquire the necessary knowledge, skills and attitudes to
plan systems and procedures. Your learning facilitator is there to assist you with the various
activities, so that on completion you should be able to:
1. Identify system and procedural requirements and clarify through workplace monitoring
and ongoing consultations with colleagues and customers
2. Identify problem areas and take prompt action
3. Identify and develop possible responses in consultation with colleagues
4. Take account of immediate operational needs and enterprise goals
5. Take human and financial resources into consideration
Planning is referred to as the first function because it lays the groundwork for all other
functions and is the first step taken when performing these functions
You must assign priorities to each goal and allocate the necessary resources required.
Planning determines what actions need to be taken and encourages commitment from
management, individual employees, departments and the entire organization for days
months or years to come.
Planning is a useful way of getting managers to participate in decision making for the
appropriate goals and strategies for an organization.
Planning is necessary to give the organization a sense of direction and purpose
A plan also helps managers to co-ordinate activities of the different departments
CHECKPOINT:
ACTIVITY:
As managers it is very important to consult with staff before you establish new systems and
procedures so that you can have participation from staff at all levels. This has certain positive
spinoffs, as workers will buy into or accept the changes more readily and it would eliminate the
time spent trying to convince workers about the importance of establishing these new processes
to improve, for example, the quality of service.
Here are some systems and procedures that you may need to consider:
Plan during the planning stage you should always ensure that you have the commitment of all
levels of staff especially the top management. Define, with the authorization of the top
management, the policy that will be undertaken for example, the occupational health and safety
policy. Planning must be completed to establish a framework for identifying the hazard, the
assessment of risks and the implementation of necessary controls. Additional legal obligations
must be identified and understood, objectives set and a management programme for achieving
them implemented.
You should always remember that todays customers are far more sophisticated as they have
several choices. This is one of the methods of getting feedback from your customers and
integrating their views in the improvement of your product and services. The onus is therefore
on Management, to recruit and train a competent and qualified workforce with strong people
skills and who know the value of superior customer service.
Persons who recruit staff have to ensure that the values of the employees and their organizations
are similar so that productivity can be enhanced by employing the right persons who can identify
with the culture, mission and values of the organization. Remember customers are looking for
organizations that value their business.
Customer value checklist - do you know the objectives of your customers and their
customers
These are some important questions that you must ask when you are making plans.
ACTIVITY 1:
With the help of your facilitator state some of the critical issues that
you would recommend, before you decide on systems and procedural
change.
ACTIITY 2:
After you have received feedback from the questionnaires distributed, from supervisors, from the
intranet and through informal discussions; discuss responses in Departments, at staff meetings,
with different workers and pool the suggestions. Management should prepare a final document
from the contribution put forward by the different parties. You should be proactive and identify
possible responses and circulate them among staff members for feedback.
Make suggestions as to how the problem can be dealt with and discuss before
implementation.
Put workers in teams and give them the task to suggest various strategies.
Set a timeline to complete the project.
Evaluate the responses suggested to see how effective they are.
The proper customer service procedures should be prepared in the form of a handbook
and all members of staff should get a copy on being employed.
The customer service charter should be established between the organization and the
customers.
This charter should be visibly displayed in the organization.
Quality audit advantages are consumer-oriented. Auditors take a consumers perspective but can
explain themselves to management in a way that management can understand. An audit is
independent and therefore objective and it provides a lot of detail. The data collected is
actionable, that is to say management can act to correct below standard performance or any
problems that might exist.
Disadvantages
In terms of statistical sampling an audit does not provide any valid evidence of the actual
guests level of satisfaction.
Sometimes there might be bias on the auditors part.
An audit can only be carried out infrequently due to its complexity
The concept of quality control has received a great deal of attention over the past twenty years.
Quality includes specifying a performance standard (by benchmarking, or comparing to a well
accepted standard), monitoring and measuring results, comparing the results to the standard and
then making the necessary adjustments.
There are many different tools and techniques that organizations can use to improve quality.
Three main areas of change can include employee involvement, customer feedback and
management driven change. It is usually advisable to use all three methods.
Employee Involvement
As managers it is always important to get ideas and feedback from staff on how to improve
service quality as they are the persons doing the job. It is noted that in companies where a
culture of continuous improvement is present, there is involvement from employees. This helps
to give inputs from the customer-perspective and it also helps as a moral booster.
There are two basic strategies for managing quality: the control strategy or the assurance
strategy.
Designing quality level Define customer requirements and identify desired quality
characteristics
Setting product standard - Design product to meet standards: Drawings, equipment and
materials specifications, document procedures, organization at planning and training
Check performance Output is measured through: Inspecting, quality audit, guest
complaints.
Process - Check employee performance equipment and monitor.
One of the first things to consider in quality management is determining the level of quality that
will satisfy the target market. Research has shown some of the determinants of service quality to
be:
ACTIVITY:
Before any corrective measures can be taken, the strategic directions of the company should be
taken into consideration.
You should prioritise what needs to be done and do an audit to find out the urgent needs that
have to be addressed. Always ensure that there is correlation between your organizations
productivity and the systems and procedures before implementing new systems and procedures
CHECKPOINT:
As a manager, you need to recognize that two critical elements in the operations of the
Hospitality Industry are the human and financial components. An organization is as good as its
staff complement and its financial viability.
Managements Responsibility
Management must ensure that the correct decisions are taken. Proper procedures and records
must be maintained, and employees must be selected with adequate training. Personnel records
must be established and maintained, and supervisors must be properly instructed to take action to
ensure that the work progresses satisfactorily.
Three important areas of activity with regards to your management of human resources are:
Strategic alignment of your business objectives with the capacity and willingness of
the employees to achieve these objectives.
Strategic Alignment
This can be achieved by ensuring that your organizational goals are supported by your
employment management policies and practices. To achieve this you can develop a human
resource plan as part of your operational planning. This will be your guide to achieving the
necessary management changes to ensure that management and staff have the necessary skills,
knowledge and attitudes to perform to the standard of the business or enterprise. It is imperative
for you to do a human resource audit. This will aid you in identifying the gaps in the policies,
strategies, procedures and programmes. This audit may include document reviews,
questionnaires, individual and group discussions to gather information and to get feedback.
Important Tips
Critically examine the impact that the changes can have on staffs welfare and
morale.
Always work together with your manager for human resources before you address
human relations issues.
Have discussion with the labour union if the workers have such representation.
Include all departments and all categories of workers at all levels.
Financial Management
Before implementing changes always do a cost benefit analysis to the company. The analysis
will take into account:
Project budgets
Actual vs budget monitoring (weekly)
Record keeping requirements /audit
Monitoring accounts payable/receivable
Billing/collecting
Compliance to contracts
Cash procedures/banking
Financial Statements
Once the organization has established goals and funds are set aside for the resources, the work
can begin towards accomplishing the tasks and goals set.
ACTIVITY 1:
Now that you have completed this element, see if you have fully grasped all the components by
doing the following Self-Assessment:
Checklist 1 Yes No
Checklist 2 Yes No
LEARNING OUTCOMES
As you go through this element you will acquire the necessary knowledge, skills and attitudes to
establish systems and procedures. Your learning facilitator is there to assist you with the various
activities, so that on completion you should be able to:
A procedure - is a step by
step list of activities
required to conduct a
certain.
Oftentimes managers make the mistake of planning and implementing changes without first
discussing it with the persons whom the changes will affect. Employees should not turn up at
work to see workmen in their offices servicing the air conditioning unit without prior notice.
This is not only disrespectful but it is a sign of poor communication and poor management
technique. You should ensure that systems and procedures are discussed then put in writing and
staff members should be asked to sign to the new regulations. You will notice that many
different strategies can be used to reinforce the information. Some of these include using the
intranet, office notice boards, departmental and other staff meetings and so on.
If you have a new telephone system for example, train everybody who has to use the system, and
ensure that the training is continuous.
ACTIVITY:
Timing is very important when implementing change. You should ensure that the systems and
procedures are carefully planned so as to prevent too much inconvenience to your customers.
You should always remember to practice the art of relationship marketing where through the
quality service that you provide, your guest or customer will opt to return and give you repeat
business. If you have to do a major project do it during the low periods when you do not have too
many guests in house. As a manager you should always post the appropriate signs and send
circulars to guest rooms to inform them of any interruption. If you are aware of the changes to
be effected before the guests arrive you may so inform them.
CHECKPOINT:
What is Training?
Training can be defined as a learning process whereby people acquire skills, knowledge and
attitudes with a view to achieving their goals.
Ongoing training and evaluation are necessary. These could be done at different periods and
support should also be provided and the proper monitoring tools and quality assurance teams
should be put in place. As one writer says, a training programme is as good as the managers
make it. It is important to note that training is essential to ensure a smooth changeover from the
previous system to the new one. This form of training should begin long in advance of the
implementation so that staff will get an opportunity to get over their initial fear. Once this hurdle
is overcome then we are on our way to solving the problem.
It is usually very helpful to identify the groups in need of training and prioritise training sessions
where possible to orientate the new staff.
ACTIVITY:
Now that you have completed this element, see if you have fully grasped all the components by
doing the following Self-Assessment:
Checklist 1 Yes No
Checklist 2 Yes No
LEARNING OUTCOMES
As you go through this element you will acquire the necessary knowledge, skills and attitudes to
review systems and procedures Your learning facilitator is there to assist you with the various
activities, so that on completion you should be able to:
One of your functions as a manager is to control and ensure at all times that you review your
systems and procedures with a view to making adjustments. In fact, high performing
organizations set up work teams to address such problems. The principle of TQM should be
introduced overtime in an organization, and not too suddenly or all at once.
Monitoring is a means of control. This process helps to identify the standards of performance. It
also identifies any weaknesses or shortcomings that might arise. This is a continuous process. If
quality is to be maintained the monitoring process has to be ongoing.
Ensure that a checklist or report format is designed and used by the monitoring team. Prepare
Quality Assessment Standards. Management will decide what information they require , for what
purposes, in what format and how often it is required. Information should be provided on various
facets.
Seek suggestions from colleagues and promptly make adjustments. Here are some tips:
CHECKPOINT:
ACTIVITY:
Now that you have completed this element, see if you have fully grasped all the components by
doing the following Self-Assessment:
Checklist 1 Yes No
Checklist 2 Yes No
Your feedback on the Learner Guides is important to us. Please complete the
form below to indicate areas for review as you see necessary. For each
component tick [ ] the appropriate column.
Other Issues:
Telephone #: E-mail:
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