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COUNTRYSTAT.GOV.PH
SWEET POTATO
The centre of origin of sweet potato is Central America, but the crop is widely grown in
many tropical and subtropical countries. Sweet potatoes are ranked seventh in world staple food
production (expressed on a dry matter basis), after wheat, maize, rice, potato, barley and cassava.
The crop is particularly important in South-East Asia, Oceania and Latin America. China still
accounts for over 90% of total production; the other major sweet potato producing countries in
Asia are: Indonesia, India, Japan, Vietnam, The Philippines and The Republic of Korea. Rwanda
and Uganda are Africa's largest producing countries. Sweet potato production in Latin America
and The Caribbean is relatively small.
POTATOES
The potato is of highland origin; domesticated in the Andes of South America, it became a
major food crop in the cool highland areas of South America, Asia (Himalayas) as well as Central
and Eastern Africa. In the eighteenth century the potato gradually became an important food crop
for peasants and the urban poor in Europe and North America and many varieties now grown in
the tropics originated in these temperate areas. More recently, potato production has spread from
its traditional high altitude environment into warmer drier areas such as Peru's coastal valleys, the
plains of India, Bangladesh and Pakistan and the irrigated oases of North Africa. Potato production
has also expanded into the warm humid tropics; however, the prevalence of pests and diseases in
these areas calls for high levels of pesticide use and varieties that are resistant or tolerant to pests
and diseases.
YAM
`Yams are grown in many tropical regions throughout the world, but the main production centre
is the savannah region of West Africa, where more than 90 percent of the crop is grown, mainly
in Nigeria. White yam (Discorea rotundata) is believed to be indigenous to the area stretching
from Cte d'Ivoire to Cameroon and is generally considered to be the best edible yam in that region.
The yellow yam (Dioscorea cayenensis) is also indigenous in West Africa, whereas the water yam
(Dioscorea alata) originated in South-East Asia. Yam production in Africa is concentrated in areas
within 15 degrees of the equator.
TARO (gabi)
The tropical condition in the Philippines gives forth luxuriant growth of plants. Among the
predominant food crops in the country are root and tuber crops found in forests, swamps and other
moist laden areas. Species of Alocasia, Cyrtosperma and Colocasia abound in swamps, canals and
river banks. Domestication has brought these plants in the surrounding canals of the household
which supposedly triggered their consequent agricultural development.