Experiment Name: - To be familiar with an oscilloscope and AC waves as well as

measuring maximum value, RMS value, time period and frequency by oscilloscope.

Theory:
Oscilloscope: The oscilloscope is a device for observing and taking measurements
of electrical signals and waveforms.
This device allows real time graphs of voltage versus time to bedrawn on the
screen. This allows studying and comparing various voltage waveforms in circuits.
Usually two waveforms can be displayed simultaneously there are two channels for
taking input voltage waveform. The oscilloscope shows amplitude of voltage
waveform along Y-axis and time along X-axis.

Vm

Vm
T
Cycle

Cycle: One complete set of positive and negative values of an alternating quantity
is called a cycle. One complete cycle is 2 or 3600.
Time period: The time required to complete one cycle of the alternating quantity is
called a period, expressed by the symbol T.
Frequency: The number of cycles per second is called the frequency of the
alternating quantity. Unit is Hertz (Hz)
Frequency, f = 1/T Hz

Peak value: The maximum instantaneous value of a function or waveform is called

the peak amplitude.

Peak to peak value: it is the sum if the magnitude of the positive peak and negative
peak of a given wave form. For a voltage waveform it is denoted by VP-P
VP-P = |Vm| + |-Vm| = 2Vm

Phase Difference: Phase difference is the difference of phases corresponding to

similar point of two alternating wave.

RMS value : The Root Mean Square(RMS) value is the DC equivalent value of an
alternating quantity which is given by that steady current which when flowing
through a given circuit for a given time produces the same heat as produced by the
alternating current when flowing through the same circuit for the same time.
RMS Value = 0.707A, Where A is the maximum value of the alternating quantity.
Equipment:
1. Oscilloscope
2. Function generator
Experimental Data:
Frequency Time Period Vp-p Vp (Volts) RMS Value
(sec) (Volts) (Volts)
1KHz 110-3 10 5 3.53
500Hz 210-3 10 5 3.53
2KHz 0.510-3 10 5 3.53

Calculation
Here, time period for 1 KHz, T = 1/1103
= 110-3s
Time period for 500Hz, T = 1/500
= 210-3 s
Time period for 2 KHz, T = 1/2103
= 0.510-3s
Percentage Error = There is no percentage error

Discussion: In the lab firstly you have to handle the instruments carefully then you
have to give input in oscilloscope through power generator & oscilloscopes
channel to take the measurement then you have to take measurements from
oscilloscope waveform. firstly u have to set frequency in power generator then
have to take peak to peak value then peak value and time period then from this
measurements you have to calculate the RMS value .