Laney College Cosmetology COSM
Roman Empire females becomes totally enchanted with
Cosmetology History Timeline
The Ice Age: Haircutting and styling were practiced; implements were
shaped from sharpened flints, oyster shells, or bone; animal strips of hi
de were used to tie hair back or as adornment.
4000 BC: Ancient Egyptians used cosmetics for personal beautificatio
n, religious ceremonies, and burial ceremonies.
1500 BC: Henna, a dye extracted from the leaves of an ornamental sh
rub, was used extensively to impart a reddish hue to the hair and nails.
300 BC: Hairstyling was introduced in Rome; women used hair color t
o indicate class: noblewomen tinted their hair red, middle
class colored their hair blond, and poor women colored their hair black.
Renaissance: (Began in the 14th century and lasted into the 17th cent
ury.) Particular emphasis was placed on physical appearance. Hair wa
s carefully dressed and ornaments and headdresses were worn.
1450: Barbering and surgery were separated by law.
1541: Henry VIII reunited barbers and surgeons of London by granting
a charter to the Company of Barber Surgeons.
1892: Frenchman Alexandre F. Godefroy invented the hot
blast hair dryer.
1905: Charles Nessier invented the first electric perm machine.
1906: Sarah Breedlove married C. J. Walker, who began selling her sc
alp conditioning and healing treatment called Madam Walkers Wonde
rful Hair Grower.
1910: Madam C. J. Walker moved her company to Indianapolis where
she built a factory, a hair salon, and a training school.
1932: Ralph L. Evans and Everett G. McDonough pioneered a perm m
ethod using external heat generated by a chemical reaction
1941: Scientists developed the cold wave or permanent wave hair. T
oday Hair color, texture, and style prevail. Timeline of the History of
Beauty Care and Cosmetology
Prehistoric times Early modern humans decorated themselves with
natural pigments found in plants and fruits.
100,000 B.C.- Early Homo sapiens femme fatales paint their bodies
head to toe with red ocher to advertise fertility.
25,000 B.C.- Plumpness and symmetry are revered by early man, as
evidenced by goddess sculptures such as the Venus of Willendorf.
10,000 B.C.- Men and women in Egypt use scented oils and ointments
to clean and soften their skin and mask body odor. Cosmetics are an
integral part of Egyptian hygiene and health. Oils and creams are used
for protection against the hot Egyptian sun and dry winds. Myrrh,
thyme, marjoram, chamomile, lavender, lily, peppermint, rosemary,
cedar, rose, aloe, olive oil, sesame oil, and almond oil provide the
basic ingredients of most perfumes that Egyptians use in religious
ritual.
4,000 B.C.- Egyptian women apply galena mesdemet (made of copper
and lead ore) and malachite (bright green paste of copper minerals) to
their faces for color and definition. They employ a combination of burnt
almonds, oxidized copper, different-colored coppers ores, lead, ash,
and ochre -- together called kohl -- to adorn the eyes in an almond
shape. Women carry cosmetics to parties in makeup boxes and keep
them under their chairs.
3,300 B.C. Tribes in Southern Europe started tattooing their skin.
3,200 B.C. Women in Mesopotamia (modern day Iraq) started
manufacturing first manmade cosmetic products in the world.
3,100 B.C. Among many ceremonial items found in the five thousand
year old Egyptian tombs, few are thought to be palettes that were used
for grinding of cosmetic ingredients.
3,000 B.C.- Chinese people began to stain their fingernails with gum
arabic, gelatin, beeswax, and egg. The colors used represent social
class: Chou dynasty royals wear gold and silver, with subsequent
royals wearing black or red. Lower classes are forbidden to wear bright
colors on their nails.
Grecian women paint their faces with white lead and apply crushed
mulberries as rouge. The application of fake eyebrows, often made of
oxen hair, is also fashionable.
2,500 B.C.- Egyptians apply a mixture of kohl and animal fat around
their eyes with pointed tools: The concoction's medicinal properties
also purportedly prevented eye diseases.
1,500 B.C. Cosmetic products became commonplace in Egypt. They
were used by everyone except lowest class of citizens and slaves.
Aristocracy embraces fashion of white skin, face mascara and dark
eyeliners. Priest integrated sacred oils into their religious and magic
ceremonies. In the Far East, fashionable Japanese started painting
their skin in white with rice powder. Chinese and Japanese citizens
commonly use rice powder to make their faces white. Eyebrows are
shaved off, teeth painted gold or black and henna dyes applied to stain
hair and faces.
1000 B.C. Egyptian tradition of public bathhouses spawns the
development of various medicinal and cosmetic oils, soaps and pastes.
Greek aristocracy starts using cosmetic products (face powder, red
lipstick) to visually distance themselves from the rest of the population.
Grecians whiten their complexion with chalk or lead face powder and
fashion crude lipstick out of ochre clays laced with red iron.
600 B.C. Babylon becomes the biggest perfume trader of the ancient
world.
500-200 B.C. Cosmetic products start spreading across entire Roman
Empire.
200 B.C.- Pallor-loving Greek and Roman women dust their skin with
white lead. Though toxic, lead makeup is common worldwide until the
1800s.
189 B.C.
expensive foreign cosmetics, to the point when Senate managed to
bring the law that totally forbids its use. This law was active for only 6
years, before it was quickly repelled after enormous riches were
brought into Rome from the sacked Carthage.
100 B.C. Christian females decided not to use too much cosmetics,
which started the belief of future Catholic Church that cosmetic
products are items of heretics and devil worshipers, especially red
lipsticks.
100 B.C.300 A.D.- Greco-Roman women bleach their hair using
carbonized beechwood and goat fat. Those with dark hair disguise
grays with sediment from wine fermentation.
1st Century B.C.- Roman women stay youthful with a mask of Libyan
barley, pulverized staghorn, narcissus bulbs, and honey. Women of the
Han Dynasty in China ingest a powder made of tangerine peel, melon
seeds, and peach blossoms three times daily for 30 days to whiten
their complexions.
2nd Century A.D.- To eliminate freckles and lighten skin, Roman
women apply wild melon roots. The Greek physician Galen, who also
created the first cold cream, notes that "ladies dedicated to luxury"
prefer a crocodile dung mask. Romans reportedly soaked in baths of
crocodile feces and mud for soft skin.
100 A.D.- In Rome, people put barley flour and butter on their pimples
and sheep fat and blood on their fingernails for polish. In addition, mud
baths come into vogue, and some Roman men dye their hair blond.
200 to 1000 A.D. Cosmetic products almost disappear from the
Europe. Catholic Church openly discouraged their use, promoting their
religious and medicinal threats.
3rd Century A.D.- Japanese women lacquer their teeth black with a
blend of iron filings, oak apples, and sake or tea.
300-400 A.D.- Henna is used in India as a hair dye and in mehndi, an
art form in which complex designs are painted on to the hands and
feet, especially before a Hindu wedding. Henna is also used in some
North African cultures.
467- In Sparta, it was traditional to keep your hair down, long, and
natural. The only way they would cut it is when they got married.
618907- Women of the Tang Dynasty sweep their hair over faux
pieces to create elaborate sky-high buns with names such as "alerted
swan chignon" and "worried chignon."
8th Century- Mehndi, the art of decorating hands and feet with henna
plant dye to provide marriage luck and protection from the evil eye,
spreads across Africa, the Middle East, and, eventually, India. Celebs
such as Gwen Stefani sparked a mehndi fad in the U.S. in the 1990s.
936-1013 Arab physician, surgeon and chemist Abulcasis (also
known as father of the modern surgery) invented solid lipsticks, which
could be applied to the lips without the need for paintbrush.
950- Arab women rid themselves of unwanted hair at hammams,
where a paste made of caustic quicklime or boiled-down lemon and
sugar is applied from the eyelashes down.
1000 Cosmetic products slowly become to spread across the Europe.
Their use is still discouraged, but lower classes of population
(especially prostitutes and feminine males) continue to use them in the
next 800 years.
1100s- Medieval maidens tighten their skin with a cream made of
chickpeas, barley, almonds, horseradish seeds, and milk.
1200- As a result of the Crusades, perfumes are first imported to
Europe from the Middle East.
1240- In the medieval time they would love the appearance of high
fore-heads. They would often cut off their eyebrows to achieve this
look, and paint their cheeks with rouge.
1300- In Elizabethan England, dyed red hair comes into fashion.
Society women wear egg whites over their faces to create the
appearance of a paler complexion. Yet, some thought cosmetics
blocked proper circulation and therefore posed a health threat.
1400s- In jousting-era Europe, the eyebrows and hairline are plucked
with tweezers to create the illusion of a high, curved forehead. The
neck is elongated by removing hair at the nape.
1400- 1500- In Europe, only the aristocracy use cosmetics, with Italy
and France emerging as the main centers of cosmetics manufacturing.
Arsenic is sometimes used in face powder instead of lead.
The modern notion of complex scent-making evolves in France. Early
fragrances are amalgams of naturally occurring ingredients. Later,
chemical processes for combining and testing scents supersede their
arduous and labor-intensive predecessors.
1500s Court of English Queen Elizabeth I popularized the fashion of
stark white faces and painted lips. Sadly, their white paint contained
toxic ingredients that could cause serious illnesses. Women still liked
to show off their foreheads. They would wear tall "hair-do's" and
decorate their hair with jewels. Men usually had short beards, and
wore wigs. A new hair trend started off with King Francis the first, this
was when he accidentally burnt off the tip of his hair with a lit torch.
A strawberry shade known as Venetian blond is all the rage in
Renaissance Italy: The color is achieved with a highlighting concoction
of twigs, barley, licorice bark, and lemons.
The first denturesmade of cow bone, ivory, and white marbleare
introduced in Europe.
1500- 1600- European women often attempt to lighten their skin using
a variety of products, including white lead paint. Queen Elizabeth I of
England was one well-known user of white lead, with which she
created a look known as "the Mask of Youth." Blonde hair rises in
popularity as it is considered angelic. Mixtures of black sulphur, alum,
and honey were painted onto the hair and left to work in the sun.
1558- 1603- Elizabethan-era ladies create the illusion of alabaster skin
with ceruse (white lead and vinegar). They also apply a glaze of egg
whites for a taut, shiny complexion.
1600- The Exploration era crosses over with the Renaissance era, so
they share a lot of the same ideas / culture. Something different was
that they loved light hair to lighten hair they would use onions, and
elements like sulfur. To achieve this look they waited in the hot sun for
hours.
1600s- Herb-filled pomander balls are held in the mouth to plump the
cheeks and disguise volume loss from age.
1700s White geisha paint becomes popular in Japan.
1774- 1789- Hair becomes political: Marie Antoinette sparks a fashion
for extravagant three-foot wigs (reinforced with wire, gauze, and cloth)
that are ornamented with vegetables, flowers, feathers, and model
ships to reference current events. Marie Antoinette's use of white flour
to powder her poufs angered her impoverished subjects.
1778- Wigs were often used, and they would powder them to make
them have the same color as your natural hair. They would not allow
the hair to be an unnatural color other than white. White wigs were the
most expensive! The red hair color was the least favorable during this
time.
1800- Zinc oxide becomes widely used as a facial powder, replacing
the previously used deadly mixtures of lead and copper. One such
mixture, Ceruse, made from white lead, is later discovered to be toxic
and blamed for physical problems including facial tremors, muscle
paralysis, and even death.
Queen Victoria publicly declares makeup improper. It is viewed as
vulgar and acceptable only for use by actors.
1888 First deodorant.
1892 Fashion magazine Vogue launched in the US.
1896 Colgate introduces toothpaste in tubes.
1900- In Edwardian Society, pressure increases on middle-aged
women to appear as young as possible while acting as hostesses.
Increased, but not completely open, cosmetic use is a popular method
of achieving this goal.
Beauty salons increase in popularity, though patronage of such salons
is not necessarily accepted. Because many women are loathe to admit
that they needed assistance to look young, they often entered salons
through the back door.
1904 Max Factor established in Los Angeles, it specializes in the
production of film actor cosmetics.
1907 Safe synthetic hair dye invented by LOreal.
1909- Present- Eugne Schueller, founder of L'Oral, launches the first
commercial synthetic hair dye in 1909. Now, at-home color miracles
like L'Oral Paris Excellence To-Go transform tresses in minutes.
1915 Portable lipstick invented.
1917 Maybell launches Maybelline cake mascara.
1920s- Present- Early Hollywood stars such as Clara Bow popularize a
greasepaint precursor to mass-market foundation. By 2010, makeup is
often enhanced with SPF, emollients, and peptides. Other than the
formulation, eyeliner use has changed little in nearly 5,000 years.
Rimmel produces first non-toxic European mascara, eyebrow pencils
become popular, and film actors start become primary propagators of
new fashion trends.
1928- Everybody wanted clean skin for as long as they can, for it to not
be dry or oily. Facial treatments consisted of stimulating the skin and
protecting it. The public was satisfied with tight, smooth skin. Facial
treatments were said to cure blackheads, baggage, and 'lines'.
1930 Max Factor launches first lip gloss.
1936 LOreal invents sunscreen.
1948- Hairspray is invented.
1950 After WW2, cosmetics become international business that
creates enormous profits.
1958- During this time they still had the facial treatments, but they also
had more advances. There was a range between 6-13 of different
shades of eyeshadow, eyeliner, and mascara. Eye make-up was big
during this period. There was a special Dorothy Gray solon in New
York where you sit and they do everything for you. The room was
covered in pink.
1960- Present- The first self-tanners, which stain the outer layer of skin
with sugarcane derivative dihydroxyacetone (DHA), hit the market in
1960. Today, professional spray tans are a bikini model's best friend.
1965 Aerosol deodorants.
1995- Present- The FDA approves the first hair-removal laser in 1995.
The advent of the five-blade Gillette Venus in 2000 and the Tria laser
in 2008 make it easy to de-fuzz at home.
21st Century- The Asian obsession with skin-lightening reaches the
West: Creams are packed with melanin-inhibitors such as kojic acid,
and dermatologists blast away brown spots with high-tech broad-
spectrum-light IPL devices.
THE CHARACTERISTICS OF AN IMAGE CARE PROFESSIONAL
Adaptability: A great cosmetologist stays on top of changing
techniques and technologies in the industry and can easily incorporate
these changes into their work.
Color and Style Perception: A great cosmetologist has a keen sense
of what hair styles and colors work for people and will make
suggestions to help clients look their best.
Creativity: A great cosmetologist has a sense of creativity and can
think of new and different ways to style hair, apply makeup, or perform
other cosmetology procedures.
Skilled at Customer Service: A great cosmetologist has fantastic
customer service skills. They are friendly and helpful to all clients and
help create a welcoming atmosphere.
Good Grooming Habits: A great cosmetologist is always impeccably
groomed. Their hair is styled in a current fashion and make-up is neat
and attractive.
Knowledgeable of Standards: A great cosmetologist keeps abreast
of and follows industry standards for safety and health concerns. They
keep their equipment clean and sanitary at all times.
Good Manual Dexterity: A great cosmetologist is good with his or her
hands. Whether cutting hair, performing a facial, or giving a manicure,
a cosmetologist must be able to perform intricate maneuvers for
extended periods of time.
Pleasant Personality: A great cosmetologist has an engaging
personality. They can make people feel comfortable and welcome and
are easy to talk to.
Adept with Several Techniques: : A great cosmetologist is skilled at
the various techniques used in the industry. They are adept at using
scissors, brushes, files, and other equipment.
Ability to Visualize Ideas: A great cosmetologist is able to share a
vision with his or her client for an end result. They are able to clearly
visualize the goal and skillfully perform the work required to reach that
goal.
SALON DESIGNS
HERE ARE SOME TIPS
SHOP WINDOW
The shop-window plays a fundamental role in the success of
the beauty salon because it is the primary element to
communicate the shop's image and attract new customers.
RECEPTION AREA
It should usually be placed in front of the entrance. It is a
very important area because here the clients form their first
impression of the salon. Make sure it is welcoming and
realized with the proper aesthetic qualities.
WAITING AREA
The number of seats in the waiting area obviously depends
on the number of styling units, even if it is not possible to
determine a fixed relation. If the wait is supposed to be short,
it may sometimes be preferable to foresee one or two extra
styling units that would accommodate the customers
immediately
WASHING AREA
The washing area represents a strategic area for the salon
because it is the first service offered to the client and it is the
point where clients are redirected towards different stations.
The washing area should be placed in a very accessible
position to facilitate clients and stylists movements.
You should control all possible plumbing connections.
WELLNESS AREA
Inside the beauty salon for the most demanding clientele a
reserved wellness washing and relaxing area may be
beneficial. This area could be developed with an oriental-
style, complete with full lying position washing units,
equipped with electronic back vibration massage.
STYLING AREA
Install wall styling units at least 200 cm. high and central
styling units significantly lower, preferably with sloping
mirrors to give a better sense of space and roominess in the
salon.
The styling units should be equipped with sockets, phone
and curling holders in accessible position, and shelves
where hair care products may be placed within easy reach.
c) Preferably use cabinets with doors and back shelves to
give a tidier and cleaner look.
DRYING AREA
Make sure that the hood dryer's seating is placed in a
comfortable and relaxing area.
Remember to make available the latest magazines and
possibly earphones for listening to music.
SALON LIGHTING
Lighting is very important both for salon image and for
optimizing the stylist's working environment. We suggest
using a basic diffused indirect light to create a uniform
atmosphere within the whole salon.
For the reception and waiting areas it is possible to use more
soft and suffused lighting.
SALON EQUIPMENT
HAIR
Salon Stations, Chairs, Mirrors:
Stations are the most important place to start when designing your
salon and creating your salons budget. Think about the equipment
youve worked on, or interview stylists you trust to determine what
chairs and mirrors work best.
Shampoo Bowls
You will need about one shampoo bowl for every
three stylists. Make sure the bowls and chairs you
purchase work well together and can be easily
adapted for different clients.
Dryers
Although hood dryers may seem old fashioned,
they can be a huge help. A busy stylist can put
one client under the dryer while he or she starts
 the next. Hood dryers are also great for updos and
other styles that require setting, as well as for
color jobs.
HAIR STYLING TOOLS
Hair Straighteners, Blow Dryers, Hair Curlers, Hot
Rollers, Trimming Scissors, Barber Scissor, Hair
Clippers
NAILS
Pedicure Chairs
Pedicure chairs with built in foot baths make a nail
salon look more professional and relaxing.
Manicure Stations
Nail Polish Racks
An attractive display of nail polish colors is a great
way to tempt someone in to a manicure.
CARTS AND TROLLEYS
This very important furniture equipment allows
hairstylists have all the styling tools right next to
them while attending to a client. It enables easy
storage and portability of the styling tools and
keeps you organized.
WAITING AREA CHAIRS
You may not be able to attend to every client
simultaneously. Clients might need to wait few
minutes before their preferred stylist is free, hence
the need for waiting area chairs for such clients.
SALON HYGIENE
IMPORTANCE
It avoid things such as illness and bad odor.
To keep infections from spreading.
It makes people feel better.
It can affect your job
HINTS AND TIPS TO ENSURE YOUR SALON IS A SAFE PLACE
TO WORK
Your Hands
Work Surfaces
Salon chairs and couches
Instrument and tools
HYGIENE RULES
1. Make sure hand reusable equipment such as tweezers and cuticle
knives are sterilized.
2. Use disposable products where possible.
3. Thoroughly cleanse make-up brushes, sponges, towels, etc.
between uses.
4. The premises must be keep in a clean and hygienic condition at all
times.
5. Hair dressers, barbers, beauticians and make-up artists must wash
their hands before and after attending their clients.
SALON SAFETY
LICENSED EMPLOYEES- To ensure that your clients receive the best
service. Proper education and training .Exam and earn a license to
practice in their profession. (may vary)
SANITATION- A top priority for a beauty salon to meet industry and
client cleanliness standards. Many bacteria can be found in salons,
making certain sanitation practices standard for all types of beauty
salons. Every product, appliance or tool that comes in contact with a
client must be disinfected and sanitized.
BUSINESS LISCENSE and HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL
MANAGEMENT-Your business must obtain the proper licenses and
certificates to meet legal standards, include a cosmetologist license,
health inspection certification, building code compliance certification,
business owner license and individual employee licenses.
MAIN TYPES OF HAZARDS
SLIPS, TRIPS AND FALLS
Most accidents occur when staff trip over trailing leads and uneven
floor surfaces, or fall when trying to reach items e.g. by standing on
chairs. Fasten cables and leads securely or re-route overhead if
possible.
FIRE-Obstructed exit routes, for example by stock, can prevent
escape and provide fuel for fires. Many products used in beauty
treatments, particularly aerosols, are highly flammable and potentially
explosive if exposed to high temperatures. Keep all escape routes and
fire exits clear, and make regular checks to ensure this is the case.
ELECTRICAL SAFETY-Many of the electrical appliances used in
beauty salons are subjected to considerable wear and tear. Devise a
system for regularly checking all portable electrical equipment, such as
depilation equipment, sunbeds, wax pots etc. and for marking faulty
equipment and preventing its use until repaired.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES-Some of the preparations and products
used in the beauty salon contain harmful substances which can cause
both skin and respiratory problems. Products used for cleaning can
also be hazardous. Make a list of all hazardous products used in the
salon and obtain hazard data sheets from the manufacturers.
MANUAL HANDLING-Lifting and moving stock and working at poorly
designed workstations may cause back injury or muscular strain. Avoid
lifting items which are too heavy - use trolleys, lifts or other devices
where possible.Train staff in proper lifting techniques. Design
workstations to ensure staff have sufficient room to move around when
working and provide chairs which can be adjusted depending on the
size of the client and therapist.
SALON HEALTH
A is for allergies. C will come up when were talking about
something thats a carcinogen, which means it can cause cancer. I
is for irritation. N is for neurologic symptoms or problems with
your brainlike youre seeing stars, and the pink and blue R is for
reproductive problems.
NUTRITION CARE FOR THE BODY
Nutrition may be defined as the science of food and its relationship to
health. It is concerned primarily with the part played by nutrients in
body growth, development and maintenance .
The word nutrient or food factor is used for specific dietary
constituents such as proteins, vitamins and minerals. Dietetics is the
practical application of the principles of nutrition; it includes the
planning of meals for the well and the sick.
Good nutrition means maintaining a nutritional status that enables us
to grow well and enjoy good health.
CLASSIFICATION BY ORIGIN:
- Foods of animal origin
- Foods of vegetable origin
CLASSIFICATION BY PREDOMINANT FUNCTION
BODY BUILDING FOODS:
-meat, milk, poultry, fish, eggs, pulses etc
ENERGY GIVING FOODS:
-cereals, sugars, fats, oils etc.
PROTECTIVE FOODS:
-vegetables, fruits, milk, etc
MAIN NUTRIENTS
MACRONUTRIENTS:
-proteins -fats -carbohydrates
MICRONUTRIENTS:
-vitamins minerals -water
PROTEINS- Proteins are Complex Organic Nitrogenous
Compounds. Body building. Repair and maintenance of body tissues
FAT (Lipids)-Energy (stored at higher conc./g than CHO)Source of
heat, insulation, body protection (cushioning)
CARBOHYDRATE-energy source, building block for other nutrients,
dietary excess stored as fat
VITAMINS- Vitamins are a class of organic compounds categorized
as essential nutrients. They are required by the body in a very small
amounts. They fall in the category of micronutrients. Most vitamins
have multiple functions in body involving metabolism, enzyme
reactions, etc.
Two classes
Water soluble -- B & C
Fat soluble -- A, D, E, K
MINERALS- Functions -- skeleton, protein synthesis, oxygen
transport, fluid and acid-base balance in body, enzyme reactions
Two classes
Major minerals -- Ca, P, Na, Cl, Mg, K, S
Minor (Trace minerals) -- Co, Cu, F, I, Fe, Mn, Mo, Se, Zn
WATER- The Most Critical Nutrient.Functions in transport, chemical
reactions, temperature maintenance, lubrication, etc.
fibre relates to how straight or curly your hair is.
Straight hair- round hair fibres,
Oval and other shaped fibres -wavy or curly hair.
The cuticle is the outer covering of the hair, its structure slides as the
hair swells and is covered with a single molecular layer that makes the
hair repel water.
CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS
The Andre Walker system is the most widely used system to classify
hair.
Hair type 1: Straight hair
Type 1 is straight hair, which reflects the most sheen and also resilient
of all the hair types.

Water deprivation ---> dehydration ---> electrolyte imbalance ---> death Straight hair is very hard to damage, and also difficult to curl. This is
because the sebum in this hair texture easily spreads from the scalp to
ends without curls or kinks, and is also the oiliest hair type.
PROPER WAY OF TAKING CARE OF THE BODY
Hair type 2: Wavy hair
Wavy hair has a texture and sheen between straight and curly hair and
Your body is precious. It is our vehicle for awakening. Treat it with
is likely to become fizzy. Fine wavy hair can be tamed and easily
care.-Buddha
The Human Body Is Amazing styled, however, medium and coarse hair can be hard to style.
It is always working and growing, changing food to fuel and
Hair type 3: Curly hair
fighting illness and germs. With a season change upon us, it's
Type 3 is curly hair, which, is known to have an S-shape. The pattern
important to take extra good care of ourselves.
In any aspect of caring for yourself, there are three questions to of the hair resembles an S shape and sometimes a Z shape. This
type of hair is usually voluminous, climate dependent, and damage
ask:
prone. If your curly hair lacks proper care you can cause less defined
What do I want to do? The first aspect relates to your emotions: it is
curls.
about how you feel, and what you want to do, whether about what you
eat, when you go to sleep, or how much exercise you take.
Hair type 4: Kinky hair
What is best for me? The second applies reason to the situation, and
Kinky hair features a tightly coiled curl pattern is often very fragile with
asks what you think.
What am I going to do? Finally, you need to balance those two a high density. This type of hair shrinks when wet because it has fewer
cuticle layers than other hair types and because of this, is more
aspects, and make a decision about what you actually do in any given
susceptible to damage.
situation.
The FACE
EYE(S)- Safe sunlight exposure and eat fresh, dark green, leafy Hair is simple in structure, but has important functions in social
functioning. Hair is made of a tough protein called keratin.
vegetables.
Hair Follicle-anchors each hair into the skin.
HAIR- Take daily bath and use appropriate shampoo and conditioner.
Hair Bulb-forms the base of the hair follicle. In the hair bulb, living cells
Brush your hair to maintain its smoothness and structure.
EAR(S)- Clean your ears once or twice a month with cotton buds. divide and grow to build the hair shaft.
Blood vessels- nourish the cells in the hair bulb, and deliver
Make sure your direction is outwards for the dirt to not stick in the
hormones that modify hair growth and structure at different times of
inside part.
NOSE- Avoid blowing your nose hard. Make sure to clean the inner life.
part with the right material.
Hair growth occurs in cycles consisting of three phases:
MOUTH-Brush and floss your teeth after meals and snacks. If you take
good care of your teeth, they can last your whole life. Healthy teeth
Anagen (growth phase): Most hair is growing at any given time. Each
have fewer cavities and less plaque build-up. Keep your breath fresh
hair spends several years in this phase.
by keeping your teeth and gums clean.
Catagen (transitional phase): Over a few weeks, hair growth slows
The BODY
and the hair follicle shrinks.
Clean your body by taking a bath or shower.
Telogen (resting phase): Over months, hair growth stops and the old
Control germs by washing your hands often with soap, especially if you
hair detaches from the hair follicle. A new hair begins the growth
or someone near you is not feeling well.
phase, pushing the old hair out.
Exercise your body every day by finding ways to stay active.
Hair grows at different rates in different people; the average rate is
Get enough sleep.
The INTERNAL ORGANS around one-half inch per month. Hair color is created by pigment cells
producing melanin in the hair follicle. With aging, pigment cells die, and
LUNG(S)
hair turns gray.
Use natural and cleaning products and sprays.
SKIN
HAIR CONDITIONS
Use only certified organic skin products.
The MENTAL & EMOTIONAL
Alopecia areata: Round patches of total hair loss, usually from the
Grow your circle of friends
scalp. The cause of alopecia is unknown; the hair usually grows back.
Develop a passion
Male pattern baldness: The most common type of hair loss in men.
Make social connection
Male pattern baldness usually includes either a receding hairline, hair
Note: Take care of your body before your body takes care of you.
loss at the crown, or both.
Female pattern baldness: In women, hair loss usually includes
HAIR
uniform thinning across the scalp, with a preserved hairline. The crown
may be affected, but hair loss rarely proceeds to baldness as in men.
Our hair structure is mainly made up of the tough protein keratin.
See a picture of female pattern baldness.
However, our hair fibres have a structure that consists of several
Dandruff (seborrheic dermatitis): Ongoing mild inflammation of the
different layers.
scalp, resulting in scaly skin that may be itchy and flake off. Seborrheic
dermatitis may also affect the ears and face.
LAYERS OR HAIRS
Tinea capitis (ringworm): A fungal infection of the scalp, creating
1. Cuticle- which consists of several layers of flat, thin cells.
round patches of hair loss. Although the patches can appear in a ring
2. Cortex- which contains the keratin, bundled in a cell-like structure.
shape, no worm is involved in tinea capitis.
3. Medulla- a disorganized and open area at the fibers center.
Trichotillomania: A mental disorder that includes the irresistible urge
The medulla is not always present and is an open, unstructured to pull out one's hair. The hair pulling results in patches of noticeable
hair loss; its cause is unknown.
region.
Head lice: Tiny insects that live on the scalp and feed on blood.
The cortex, or middle layer of the hair, is the primary source of
Telogen effluvium: A month or two after a personal shock (such as
mechanical strength and water uptake. Contains melanin, which
surgery, childbirth, severe stress), hair can abruptly fall out in large
colours the fibre and determines the colour of your hair, based on the
patches. Typically, new hair starts regrowing right away.
number, distribution and types of melanin granules. The shape of
Postpartum alopecia- hair loss after delivering a baby- is a form of
these follicles determines the shape of the cortex, and the shape of the
telogen effluvium and usually resolves without treatment.
Folliculitis: Inflammation of hair follicles, usually due to an infection.
Staphylococcus aureus is a bacteria that frequently causes folliculitis.
Acne: is a form of folliculitis that is caused by inflammation. This
inflammation can sometimes be worsened by the bacteria
Propionibacterium acnes.
Piedra (trichomycosis nodularis): Fungal infection of the hair shaft.
Hard nodules made of fungus cling to hair fibers, sometimes causing
hair loss.
Hirsutism: A condition in which women develop male-pattern hair
(such as facial hair). An excess of testosterone due to a medical
condition is usually responsible.
HAIR TESTS
Hair DNA testing: Hair follicles contain DNA; hair can be tested to
establish paternity or as evidence in a crime investigation.
Hair drug testing: Many street drugs (or their breakdown products in
the body) are absorbed into the hair. A sample of hair can be tested for
recent drug use.
Hair analysis: Testing of hair for toxic exposures, such as lead or
mercury poisoning. These tests are limited by inconsistency and
difficulty interpreting their results.
HAIR TREATMENTS
Minoxidil (Rogaine): A medicine applied to the scalp, which can help
prevent hair loss in most people when used daily.
Finasteride (Propecia): A medicine for men taken in pill form daily,
which regrows some hair and prevents hair loss in most men who use
it.
Hair transplants: Surgery to remove skin and hair from the back of
the scalp, and transplant groups of hair follicles to areas of thin hair.
Hair electrolysis: A very fine needle is inserted into a hair follicle, and
electrical current is applied. The electricity destroys the follicle,
preventing hair growth.
Laser hair removal: A laser is aimed at the cells in the hair follicle,
and the laser's high energy destroys cells there, preventing hair growth
THE DIFFERENT SHAMPOO CATEGORIES
1. Clarifying shampoo
The clarifying shampoo also referred to as the deep cleaning shampoo
contains heavy duty surfactants. The goal is to remove any build-ups
caused by using too much substantive products over a long time:
heavy conditioners, hair sprays, silicone products, gels etc.
2. Everyday shampoo
The everyday shampoo is the opposite of the clarifying shampoo.
Many people face the need to shampoo every day, either because
their tolerance for sebum is low or by force of habit. Showering without
shampooing doesnt feel hygienic.
3. Volumizing shampoo
As the name suggests, the shampoo is designed to add body and
volume to hair. These shampoos usually do not deposit much
conditioning quats, oils, or silicones on the hair. Instead, they clean the
hair fairly well, and often contain special ingredients that can deposit
on hair to add friction at the roots and build volume.
4. Oily hair shampoo
The oily hair shampoo is almost similar to the clarifying shampoo.
These shampoos are designed to optimize sebum removal from the
scalp and hair shaft. This is accomplished by the selection of strong
detergents and the minimal use of conditioners.
5. Normal hair shampoo
Normal hair shampoo is for those who dont need special treatments better hair growth.
for their hair. These shampoos will clean well and leave behind a slight
layer of conditioning as well.
6. Dry damaged hair shampoo
Dry and damaged hair are usually lumped together because both
require heavy conditioning. These shampoos are mild. Their goal is to
cleanse gently and deposit protective layers to the hair.
7. Colored hair shampoo
In terms of surfactants, these are almost exclusively sulfate free
nowadays. They are mild and tend to add conditioning like the ones
for dry damaged hair. Some of these shampoos will have color
boosters added to help revitalize the shades.
8. 2-in-1 shampoo
The 2-in-1 shampoo offers both cleansing and conditioning in one
bottle. They are slightly more conditioning that the other mild
shampoos to the point that a conditioner is not needed. These are
practical and work fine for hair that needs a gentle cleaning and a
decent amount of conditioning.
9. Medicated shampoo
Medicated shampoos are designed to deliver some other benefit to the
scalp besides cleansing. The most common medicated shampoos are
aimed at relieving scalp itch and / or scaling. Medicated shampoos
have several functions: to remove sebum efficiently, to remove scalp
scale, to decrease scalp scale production, and to act as an
antibacterial / antifungal.
10. Swimmers shampoo
These shampoos are specifically formulated to remove pool chlorine
and copper from the hair. They contain a chelating agent which can
trap the copper ions, and often contain ascorbic acid which will break
the chlorine interactions with the hair.
3 MAJOR TYPE OF CONDITIONERS
1. Deep Conditioners
They are usually meant for dry and damaged hair type. The ingredients
that are present in deep conditioners are used to treat the dryness
factor and reverse the damage youve done to your tresses. Such
ingredients include waxes, oils and emulsifiers. Deep conditioners are
not meant to be used for oily or normal type hair. They usually weigh
them down.
Deep conditioners are usually applied and left in your hair for about 30
minutes or so. After that, the product is rinsed out thoroughly. Now the
hair shafts are repaired with this type of conditioning, but the effects
are not permanent in any case.
2. Leave-in Conditioners
These conditioners have a particularly thin consistency, lighter weight
and less viscosity. They act as moisturizers and also protect hair. They
contain certain surfactants, which help to form a thin layer of the
conditioner coating on the hair shafts. You can just use it like a styling
product that stays on the hair after shower. They are also great de-
tanglers, so its real good news if you have messy tresses. All of these
properties make leave-in conditioner most suitable for thin hair type,
greasy or curly hair.
3. Rinse-out Conditioners
Rinse-out (or rinse-through) conditioners are the most common
conditioners. Its very easy to use rinse-through conditioners. You
simply work the conditioner through your hair, leave it there for a
couple of minutes and then rinse it out properly. Rinse through
products work on the outer layer of hair cuticles, making them smooth
and also protect them against heat styling. These are ideal for daily
use with a proper shampoo. Most hair types can benefit from rinse out
hair conditioner, espeically oily, normal and dry hair types.
Scalp massage is among the most famous alternative treatments for
hair loss. It offers a natural means to encourage hair regrowth without
the risk of side effects.scalp massage provides pressure and warmth to
the scalp, thereby decreasing stress levels and increasing the
production of feel-good chemicals known as endorphins, which are
beneficial for the growth of healthier hair strands.
The following are scalp manipulation techniques that serve as
excellent treatments for hair loss:
1. Effleurage Massage uses a gentle stroking or gliding motion.
Effleurage is one of the most common massage techniques used to
stimulate healthier hair regrowth by applying gentle pressure on the
scalp, providing a soothing and relaxing effect.This technique which is
done using the fingertips or palms helps increase blood circulation in
the scalp, delivering enough nutrients to the hair roots for healthier hair
growth.
2. Friction Massage employs a vigorous rubbing movement using
the thumb, fingertips, and pads of the fingers. Friction Massage
stimulates the scalp to encourage hair regrowth rather than promote
relaxation.
3. Petrissage Massage uses a slow, firm kneading movement.
Petrissage is a scalp manipulation technique done using light or heavy
kneading, pinching, rolling, and squeezing movements in circular
motion to increase blood flow on the scalp and the hair follicles for
4. Tapotement or Hacking uses a brisk massage or percussion
movement. This is done by stroking, cupping, hacking, and pounding
(pummeling) to stimulate proper blood circulation and to strengthen
sagging skin and muscles.
5. Vibration Massage employs a rapid movement using the
fingertips or palms. Vibration massage helps relieve mental tension by
exciting nerves and increasing the blood flow in the body. This
technique makes the hair sheen, soft, and supple and stops hair loss
and hair thinning problems.
SKIN
The skin is the largest organ of the body, with a total area of about 2
square metres. The skin protects us from microbes and the elements,
helps regulate body temperature and permits the sensations of touch,
heat and cold.
SKIN HAS THREE LAYERS
Epidermis- The epidermis, the outermost layer of skin, provides a
waterproof barrier and creates our skin tone.
Dermis-The dermis, beneath the epidermis, contains tough connective
tissue, hair follicles and sweat glands.
Hypodermis- The deeper subcutaneous tissue (hypodermis) is made
of fat and connective tissue.
Other components of the skin include:
Blood vessels- To help keep your body a constant temperature, blood
vessels in the skin dilate in response to heat or constrict in response to
cold.
Sebaceous glands- The sebaceous glands secrete sebum, an oily
substance that helps keep skin from drying out. Most of the glands are
located in the base of hair follicles. Acne starts when the tiny hair
follicles become plugged with these oily secretions.
Sweat glands -When your body gets hot or is under stress, these
glands produce sweat, which evaporates to cool you. Sweat glands are
located all over the body but are especially abundant in your palms,
soles, forehead, and underarms.
Hair follicle- Every hair on your body grows from a live follicle with
roots in the fatty layer called subcutaneous tissue.
Collagen- Collagen is the most abundant protein in the skin, making
up 75% of your skin. This is also your fountain of youth as it's
responsible for warding off wrinkles and fine lines.
Elastin- When you hear the word elastin, think elastic. This protein is
found with collagen in the dermis and is responsible for giving structure
to your skin and organs. As with collagen, elastin is affected by time
and the elements. Diminished levels of this protein cause your skin to
wrinkle and sag.
Keratin- Keratin is the strongest protein in your skin. It's also dominant
in your hair and nails. Keratin is what forms the rigidity of your skin.
Color- The skins color is created by special cells called melanocytes,
which produce the pigment melanin. Melanocytes are located in the
epidermis.
SKIN CONDITIONS
Rash: Nearly any change in the skins appearance can be called a
rash. Most rashes are from simple skin irritation, whereas others result
from medical conditions.
Dermatitis : A general term for inflammation of the skin. Atopic
dermatitis (a type of eczema) is the most common form.
Eczema : Skin inflammation (dermatitis) causing an itchy rash. Atopic
eczema (a type of dermatitis) is the most common form.
Psoriasis : An autoimmune condition that can cause a variety of skin
rashes. Silver, scaly plaques on the skin are the most common form.
Dandruff : A scaly condition of the scalp that may be linked to
overgrowth of a yeast or fungus that lives normally on the skin. It is
especially likely with certain skin conditions such as seborrheic
dermatitis, psoriasis or eczema.
Acne : A very common skin condition, acne affects over 85% of people
at some time in life. Spots often start as the hormone changes of
adolescence kick in, and particularly affect the face, chest and back.
Cellulitis : Inflammation of the dermis and subcutaneous tissues,
usually due to an infection. A red, warm, often painful skin rash
generally results.
Skin abscess (boil or furuncle): A localized skin infection creates a
collection of pus under the skin. Some abscesses must be opened and
drained by a doctor in order to be cured.
Rosacea : A long-term (chronic) skin condition causing a red rash on
the face. Rosacea may look like acne, and is poorly understood.
Warts : A virus infects the skin and causes the skin to grow
excessively, creating a wart. Warts may be treated with chemicals,
freezing, or be surgically removed.
Malignant melanoma: The most dangerous type of skin cancer,
malignant melanoma results from sun damage and other causes. A
skin biopsy can identify malignant melanoma.
Basal cell carcinoma : The most common type of skin cancer. Basal
cell carcinoma is less dangerous than malignant melanoma because it
grows and spreads more slowly.
Seborrhoeic keratosis: A benign, often itchy growth that appears like
a 'stuck-on' wart. Seborrhoeic keratoses may be removed by a doctor
when necessary.
Actinic keratosis : A crusty or scaly bump that forms on sun-exposed
skin. Actinic keratoses (also called solar keratoses) can sometimes
progress to cancer.
Squamous cell carcinoma: A common form of skin cancer,
squamous cell carcinoma may begin as an ulcer that wont heal, or an
abnormal growth. It usually develops in sun-exposed areas of the skin.
Herpes : The herpes viruses HSV-1 and HSV-2 can cause periodic
blisters or skin irritation around the lips or the genitals.
Hives : Raised, red, itchy patches on the skin that arise suddenly.
Hives usually result from an allergic reaction.
Tinea versicolor: A benign fungal skin infection creates pale areas of
low pigmentation on the skin.
Viral exanthem: Many viral infections can cause a red rash affecting
large areas of the skin. This is especially common in children.
Shingles (herpes zoster): Caused by the chickenpox virus, shingles
is a painful rash on one side of the body.
Scabies : Tiny mites that burrow into the skin cause scabies. An
intensely itchy rash in the webs of fingers, wrists, elbows and buttocks
is typical of scabies.
Ringworm : A fungal skin infection (also called tinea). The
characteristic rings it creates are not due to worms.
SKIN TESTS
Skin biopsy: A piece of skin is removed and examined under a
microscope to identify a skin condition.
Skin testing (allergy testing): Extracts of common substances (such
as pollen) are applied to the skin, and any allergic reactions are
observed.
Tuberculosis skin test (Mantoux test or PPD (purified protein
derivative) test): Proteins from the tuberculosis (TB) bacteria are
injected under the skin. In someone whos had TB, a hard, red bump
develops. Milder reactions may be seen in people who have been
vaccinated. A newer test called an interferon gamma release assay
(IGRA) is becoming more widely available.
SKIN TREATMENTS
Corticosteroids (steroids): Medication that reduces inflammation and
immune system activity may improve dermatitis. Topical steroids
applied directly to the skin are most often used.
Antibiotics : Medication that can kill the bacteria causing cellulitis and
other skin infections.
Antiviral drugs: Medication that can suppress the activity of the
herpes virus, reducing symptoms.
Antifungal drugs: Topical creams can cure most fungal skin
infections. Occasionally, oral drugs may be needed.
Antihistamines : Oral or topical medication can block histamine, a
chemical that causes itching.
Skin surgery: Most skin cancers must be removed by surgery.
Immune modulators: Various types of drugs can modify the activity of
the immune system, improving psoriasis or forms of dermatitis.
Skin moisturizers (emollients): Dry skin is more likely to become
irritated and itchy. Moisturizers can reduce symptoms of many skin
conditions.
IMPLEMENTS AND SUPPLIES IN MAKEP
Lipstics- intended to use on the lips in order to add color as well as
texture.
Blush- (rouge)use to cheekbones to add more color
Eye shadow-same purpose as blush but applied on eyelids and under
eyebrows.
Mascara- right on our eyelashes to make them appear fuller, bigger,
darker.
Eyeliner- use to define the eyes and gives more depth.
Lipgloss-sheerform of lipstick that is liquid or solid
Concealer makeup- use to cover any imperfections of the skin.
Foundation- used to smooth outthe face and cover spots or uneven
skin coloration.
Facepowder- used to set the foundations.