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ELANIA
RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT,
AT CHANGANASSERY, KERALA

Prepared by: Reviewed by:

Ms. Savita Shetave Mr. Vaibhav Kumar J G
Mr. Reddy Prasad Senior Structural Manager
Structural Engineer

Signature: Signature:

Date: Date:
Approved by: Approved by:
Mr. Mohammed Ziaullah Mr. Ramji Subramaniam
Vice President-Operations Managing Director

Signature: Signature:

Date: Date:
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1.0 PROJECT BRIEF
2.0 ARCHITECTURAL
2.1 BRIEF
2.2 FLOOR DETAILS
3.0 STRUCTURAL SYSTEM
3.1 BRIEF
3.2 FIRE RATING
4.0 DESIGN LOADS:
4.1 DEAD LOADS (REF. IS 875 PART 1:1987)
4.2 FLOOR LIVE AND SUPERIMPOSED LOADS (REF. IS 875 PART 1 AND 2: 1987)
4.3 ROOF LIVE LOADS (REF. IS 875 PART 2: 1987)
4.4 WIND LOADS (REF. IS 875 PART 3: 1987)
4.5 SEISMIC LOAD (REF. IS 1893 PART 1: 2002)
5.0 STRUCTURAL MATERIALS
5.1 CONCRETE AND REINFORCEMENT
5.2 COVER
6.0 ANALYSIS METHODOLOGY
6.1 BRIEF
6.2 GRAVITATIONAL FORCE ANALYSIS
6.3 WIND ANALYSIS
6.4 SEISMIC ANALYSIS
6.5 DEFLECTION, SWAY AND DRIFT
6.6 UPLIFT PRESSURE
7.0 LOAD DEFINITIONS AND LOAD COMBINATIONS:
7.1 LOAD DEFINITIONS
7.2 LOAD COMBINATIONS
7.3 FOUNDATION DESIGN WITH SERVICEABILITY (IS- 456:2000)
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8.0 SUMMARY OF GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION REPORT
8.1 BOREHOLE LOCATION
8.2 SUB SOIL PROFILE

9.0 DESIGN OF ELEMENTS

9.1 DESIGN METHODOLOGY
9.2 DESIGN STANDARDS
9.3 DESIGN OF FOUNDATION
9.4 DESIGN OF COLUMNS
9.5 DESIGN OF STAIRS AND RAMPS
9.6 DESIGN OF LIFT CORE WALLS AND CONCRETE WALLS:
9.7 DESIGN OF BEAMS
9.8 DESIGN OF SLABS
9.9 DESIGN OF STP/UG SUMP
9.10 DESIGN OF OHT

10.0 STRUCTURAL STEEL WORKS (IF ANY)

10.1 ANALYSIS AND DESIGNS
10.2 TREATMENT (TO PREVENT CORROSION)
10.3 TREATMENT (FOR FIRE RESISTANCE)
11.0 WATER PROOFING
11.1 TERRACE
11.2 TOILET
11.3 SUBSTRUCTURE (FOUNDATIONS, RC WALLS, BASEMENTS):

APPENDIX-A
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1.0 PROJECT BRIEF
It is proposed to construct residential apartments at Changanassery Kerala, for M/s Sowparnika
projects & Infrastructure private Limited. The proposed development consists of
residential tower consisting of lower basement + upper basement + ground +15 storeyed
structure. This DBR is only for structural service.

2.0 ARCHITECTURAL
2.1 BRIEF
Proposed Tower is configured with 2 basements + ground floor which are mainly meant for
parking services. Typical floors consist of dwelling areas.

2.2 FLOOR DETAILS

The building is to be used for residential purpose. Proposed apartments consist of bed rooms,
living/Dining, Kitchen, balconies and toilet/utilities. With Lobby consisting of Lift and stair.

3.0 STRUCTURAL SYSTEM

3.1 BRIEF
The Residential space has primarily slab, shear wall / column and beam system.The lift lobby
provides stiff core & the slab beam acts as rigid diaphragm. The basement and typical floors area
will be conventional column, beam and slab system. The outer walls are 150mm thick & internal
walls 100mm thick Solid block masonry. Raft/pile foundation is proposed as per soil
Investigation report.

3.2 FIRE RATING

Fire rating of two hours is assumed for all R.C.C structural elements.
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4.0 DESIGN LOADS
4.1 DEAD LOADS (REF. IS 875 PART 1:1987)
Materials Unit weight (kN/m3)
Concrete 25
Steel 78.5
Solid Concrete Block Masonry 18
Hollow Concrete Block Masonry 14
Water 10
Cinder 8
Glass 27
Soil(dry) 18
Solid brick 19.2
Plaster 20.4
Floor granite 27
Ceramic tile 20

Floor Finish loads: Refer Appendix-A

WALL LOAD
150 Thk Solid Block
1 = (0.15*18+0.035*20.4)*H 3.414*H kN/m
Wall
100 Thk Solid Block
2 = (0.10*18+0.035*20.4)*H 2.514*H kN/m
Wall
3 100Thk Parapet Wall = (0.10*18+0.035*20.4)*1.5 4.0 kN/m
4 200Thk OHT RC Wall = (0.20*25*2.1) 10.5 kN/m
Where H is the height of block work - beam depth
Floor system:
The flooring shall be vitrified clay tile or equivalent.
MEP + Duct + Ceiling
0.5 kN/m2 loads shall be considered for 2 basement floors and ground floor.

4.2 FLOOR LIVE AND SUPERIMPOSED LOADS (Ref. IS 875 part 1 and 2: 1987)
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Area Intensity in kN/m2 of plan area

Living, Dining, Bed, Kitchen, Foyers 2
Toilets, Bathroom, Washroom, Utility 2
Passage, Stairs, Lift Lobby, Balcony 3
Car Parking area 3
Chejja/Elevation slab 1
Club House 4.0(Gym, Multipurpose hall, etc)
Live load reduction is considered as per IS 875-part 2. Fire tender load of 15kN/m 2 is considered
all around the building for fire driveway, Soil filling load (as per actuals) will be considered
on the podium area. In absence of depth of soil fill an approximate fill of 300mm will be considered.0

4.3 ROOF LIVE LOADS (REF. IS 875 PART 2: 1987)

Area Intensity in kN/m2 of plan area

Accessible terrace 2
Inaccessible terrace 0.75
Lift Machine Room (LMR) 10

4.4 WIND LOADS (REF. IS 875 PART 3: 1987)

Vb = 39 m/s
K1, K2 and K3 values will be as per IS:875 part 3
Terrain category considered is II
Structure Class considered is B for all towers.

4.5 SEISMIC LOAD (REF. IS 1893 PART 1: 2002)

The Loading due to earthquake is assessed based on the provisions of IS 1893 part 12002. The
fundamental time period (T) is determined from the modal analysis of the structure after which average
response acceleration coefficient (Sa/g) is calculated. For ESM, time period is calculated manually.
Response spectrum method is used for dynamic analysis.

Zone = III

Zone factor= 0.16

Soil Type = II (IS:1893 p 15 Table 1 Cl 6.3.5.2)
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Importance factor = 1.0 (Ref: IS:1893 part 1 - 2002)

t=0.075*h0.75

Response Reduction factor = 5(SMRF).

Modal combination = CQC (Complete Quadratic Combination)

Directional combination = SRSS (Square Root of the Sum of Square)

Damping =5%
5.0 STRUCTURAL MATERIALS

5.1 CONCRETE AND REINFORCEMENT

Minimum cement content shall be 300kg/m 3 for superstructure (Moderate exposure) and 350 kg/m 3 for
sub structure (severe exposure under water concreting) and 400kg/ m 3 for pile.
Steel reinforcement:
Fe 500 for main reinforcement and Fe 415 for shear reinforcement will be used for all structural
elements.
Lap: Mechanical splice are suggested in lieu of providing lap in column bars having diameter more
than 25mm.The splices improve the behaviour of vertical elements subjected to lateral forces. However
conventional lap may be provided for reinforcement bars having diameter less than 25mm in order to
achieve economy in construction.
5.2 COVER
The nominal cover to outermost reinforcement shall be as per two hour fire rating. Moderate
exposure is considered for the structure. However in order to achieve no spalling of concrete the
following covers are suggested.
Cover for 2 Cover for
Cover to be
Element Hrs Fire Moderate
implemented
Rating Exposure
Columns 40mm 30mm 40mm
Beams 30mm 30mm 25mm
Slab 25mm 30mm 20mm
Shear Wall 40mm 30mm 30mm
Water tank 40mm 30mm 30mm

6.0 ANALYSIS METHODOLOGY:

6.1 BRIEF
The structure is modelled and analysed in 3D finite element software, ETABS. Line elements are used to
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model columns and beams. Membrane elements are used to model regular slabs supported on walls /
beams. The non-regular slabs are modelled using shell elements. The RCC walls are modelled using
shell elements. Shear walls are meshed only for 1 st level at lowest floor with mesh size 1m x 1m
for better stress/strain handling in SAFE package used for foundation analysis/designs. The meshing of
shear walls for one level creates many nodes at base and hence the load distribution for the foundation
will not be concentrated at only ends of the walls and rather gets distributed evenly.

6.2 GRAVITATIONAL FORCE ANALYSIS

Vertical forces are primarily carried by the columns. Live load, superimposed dead load are applied on
slabs as pressures. Weight of masonry / facade is applied as uniformly distributed load.

6.3 WIND ANALYSIS

The wind loads are applied in orthogonal directions and then analysis is carried out. The wind pressure is
applied as extents from diaphragms in ETABS using the coefficients as per IS: 875 part 3
(Also Ref.#4.4).

6.4 SEISMIC ANALYSIS

The building is analysed by Equivalent static method (ESM) and Response spectrum method (RSM). The
spectra considered for the building is as per IS 1893 (part1):2002 (Also Ref. #4.5). The base shears due to
response spectrum (RSM) in each direction are compared with the respective direction base shear due to
equivalent static method (ESM). If the base shear due to ESM if found to be more than the base shear due
to RSM then the equivalent scale factor is applied in RSM

6.5 DEFLECTION, SWAY AND DRIFT

Beam and Slab deflections are kept under permissible limits as per IS: 456-2000. The general guidelines
indicate span/250 as the allowable deflection against gravitational forces. For long term deflection the
allowed value is span /350 and these limits are taken care.
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According to IS: 1893 part 1- 2002, the drift limit is 0.004 times the storey height under dynamic loads
and will be achieved. The lateral sway at the top for wind loads should not exceed H/500 where H is the
total height of the building. These values are adhered to.

6.6 UPLIFT PRESSURE

As per soil report Water table was encountered at varying depth in the borehole location during the field
investigation.

7.0 LOAD DEFINITIONS AND LOAD COMBINATIONS:

7.1 LOAD DEFINITIONS
Sl. No Primary Load Case Notation
1 Dead Load DL
2 Live Load LL
3 Super Imposed Dead Load SDL
4 Earthquake Load Static in X-direction EQX
5 Earthquake Load Static in Y-direction EQY
6 X direction EQ load due to (+)eccentricity in Y direction EQXP
7 X direction EQ load due to (-)eccentricity in Y direction EQXM
8 Y direction EQ load due to (+) eccentricity in X direction EQYP
9 Y direction EQ load due to (-) eccentricity in X direction EQYM
10 Response Spectrum in X-direction RSX
11 Response Spectrum in Y-direction RSY
12 Wind load in X-direction WX
13 Wind load in Y-direction WY

7.2 LOAD UDCONINATIONS

Sl. No Label Details
1 Total dead DL + SDL
2 Total gravity Total dead +LL
3 UDCON1 1.5DL+1.5SDL
4 UDCON2 1.5DL+1.5LL+1.5SDL
5 UDCON3 1.2DL+1.2LL+1.2SDL+1.2WX
6 UDCON4 1.2DL+1.2LL+1.2SDL-1.2WX
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7 UDCON5 1.2DL+1.2LL+1.2SDL+1.2WY
8 UDCON6 1.2DL+1.2LL+1.2SDL-1.2WY
9 UDCON7 1.5DL+1.5SDL+1.5WX
10 UDCON8 1.5DL+1.5SDL-1.5WX
11 UDCON9 1.5DL+1.5SDL+1.5WY
12 UDCON10 1.5DL+1.5SDL-1.5WY
13 UDCON11 0.9DL+0.9SDL+1.5WX
14 UDCON12 0.9DL+0.9SDL-1.5WX
15 UDCON13 0.9DL+0.9SDL+1.5WY
16 UDCON14 0.9DL+0.9SDL-1.5WY
17 UDCON15 1.2DL+1.2SDL+1.2LL+1.2EQX
18 UDCON16 1.2DL+1.2SDL+1.2LL-1.2EQX
19 UDCON17 1.2DL+1.2SDL+1.2LL+1.2EQY
20 UDCON18 1.2DL+1.2LL+1.2SDL-1.2EQY
21 UDCON19 1.5DL+1.5SDL+1.5EQX
22 UDCON20 1.5DL+1.5SDL-1.5EQX
23 UDCON21 1.5DL+1.5SDL+1.5EQY
24 UDCON22 1.5DL+1.5SDL-1.5EQY
25 UDCON23 0.9DL+0.9SDL+1.5EQX
26 UDCON24 0.9DL+0.9SDL-1.5EQX
27 UDCON25 0.9DL+0.9SDL+1.5EQY
28 UDCON26 0.9DL+0.9SDL-1.5EQY
29 UDCON27 1.2DL+1.2SDL+1.2LL+1.2RSX
30 UDCON28 1.2DL+1.2SDL+1.2LL+1.2RSY
31 UDCON29 1.5DL+1.5SDL+1.5RSX
32 UDCON30 1.5DL+1.5SDL+1.5RSY
33 UDCON31 0.9DL+0.9SDL+1.5RSX
34 UDCON32 0.9DL+0.9SDL+1.5RSY
35 CRITICAL(ENVP) 1(UDCON1+UDCON2..........+UDCON32)

NOTE:
EQX Earthquake load in X direction due to Equivalent Static Method (ESM)
EQY Earthquake load in Y direction due to ESM
EQXP Earthquake load in X direction due to Equivalent Static Method (ESM) plus 5%
eccentricity in Y direction
EQXM Earthquake load in X direction due to Equivalent Static Method (ESM) minus 5%
eccentricity in Y Direction
EQYP Earthquake load in Y direction due to Equivalent Static Method (ESM) plus 5%
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eccentricity in X direction
EQYM Earthquake load in Y direction due to Equivalent Static Method (ESM) minus 5%
eccentricity in X direction
WX Wind load in X direction due to Equivalent Static Method (ESM)
WY Wind load in Y direction due to ESM

7.3 FOUNDATION DESIGN WITH SERVICEABILITY (IS- 456:2000)

Sl. No Details Details

a) Dead load DL
b) Dead load+ Imposed load DL + IL
c) Dead load + Wind load DL +/- WL
d) Dead load + Earthquake load DL +/- EL
e) Dead load + Imposed load + Wind load DL + 0.8 IL +/ - 0.8WL
f) Dead load + Imposed load + Earthquake load DL + 0.8 IL +/- 0.8EL

For sizing of foundations, above combination are used. As per IS 1893 (part 1): 2002, the increase in
permissible bearing pressure will be considered when earthquake combination governs the designs. The
designs are done for all the load combinations listed in 7.1
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8.0 SUMMARY OF GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION REPORT
8.0.1 Following results were referred from the geotechnical investigation report, The Geotechnical
Investigation has been carried out by Land Tech Engineers.
Code No: STW1827/16

8.1 BOREHOLE LOCATION

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8.2 SUB SOIL PROFILE

Sample bore log sheet showing sub- soil profile and laboratory test results
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9.0 DESIGN OF ELEMENTS

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9.1 DESIGN METHODOLOGY
All structural elements will be designed according to the Limit State Method as specified in IS: 456-
2000 for reinforced concrete elements and detailing will be carried out as per SP34:1987

9.2 DESIGN STANDARDS

IS: 456-2000, Code of Practice Plain and Reinforced concrete.
IS: 8002007, General construction is steel Code of Practice.
IS: 2062-1992, Steel for general structural purpose.
IS: 875-1987 (Part 1) 1987, Code of Practice for Design Loads (other than earthquake) for buildings
and structures
IS: 875-1987 (Part 2) 1987, Code of Practice for Design Loads (other than earthquake) for buildings
and structures - Imposed loads.
IS: 875-1987 (Part 3) 1987, Code of Practice for Design Loads (other than earthquake) for buildings
and structures Wind Loads.
IS: 1893(part 1)-2002, Criteria for Earthquake resistant design of structures.
IS: 1786-1985, Specification for high strength deformed steel bars and wires for concrete reinforcement.
IS: 432 (Part 2)-1982, Specification for mild steel and medium tensile steel bars and hard drawn steel
wire for concrete reinforcement hard drawn steel wire.
SP-16, Design Aids for Reinforced Concrete to IS 456-1978.
SP-34, Handbook on concrete reinforcement and detailing.
IS 2950-PART1 (1981), Code of Practice for design and construction of raft foundations

9.3 DESIGN OF FOUNDATION

The columns and walls are proposed to have raft/pile foundation. The foundation is modelled and
designed in SAFE software and the base reactions of the superstructure are imported from ETABS
software. The designs are as per Limit State Method (LSM).

9.4 DESIGN OF COLUMNS

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Columns are designed using design module of ETABS software. The columns are designed for axial
force and bi-axial moments as per IS: 456-2000 using Limit State Method (LSM).
9.5 DESIGN OF STAIRS AND RAMPS
The stairs are not modelled in ETABS. The analysis and design of stairs are made using spread sheets or
hand calculations. However the load due to staircase is considered by modelling one way slab in ETABS.

9.6 DESIGN OF LIFT CORE WALLS AND CONCRETE WALLS

Lift core walls and concrete walls are modelled in ETABS along with building model as shear walls.
Shear walls are designed using etabs.
9.7 DESIGN OF BEAMS
The RC beams are designed using design module of ETABS as per IS: 456-2000 using Limit State
Method (LSM).

9.8 DESIGN OF SLABS

The slab panels resting on beams/walls are designed using spread sheets and hand calculations.
9.9 DESIGN OF STP/UG SUMP
STP/UG Sump walls are modelled in ETABS along with building model as shear walls. The
foundation for tank is modelled and designed in SAFE software. The designs are as per Limit State
Method (LSM). The walls are designed using spread sheets and hand calculations.

9.10 DESIGN OF OHT

The OHT is not modelled in ETABS. The analysis and design of OHT are made using spread
sheets or hand calculations. However the load due to OHT is considered by applying load on the beam
and slab in ETABS.
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10.0 STRUCTURAL STEEL WORKS (IF ANY)
10.1 ANALYSIS AND DESIGNS
Analysis is made with creation of a 3D model to depict the actual structure. Analysis and designs are
made using ETABS software.

10.2 TREATMENT (TO PREVENT CORROSION)

Structural steel works of Grade Yst 250/315 all elevations, levels and heights including aligning, levelling,
providing and fixing bolts, nuts, washers, comprising MS angles, channels, joists, rails, tees, plates, flats,
rounds, squares etc., of various sizes and other structural steel sections conforming to latest IS 2062
including straightening, cutting, welding, bending to shape, bolting and inclusive of the following
finishes.
Sand blasting SSPC - SP10 (Sa 2-1/2)
2 Coats (each one coat 25 microns DFT) of EPOXY polyamide based red oxide zinc phosphate primer.
1 coat of Zinc rich primer shall be applied after the base coat of red oxide zinc phosphate primer at the
welded joints/welded surfaces, and this application carried out prior to second coat of Zinc rich primer
2 Coats (each one coat of 35 microns DFT) of EPOXY polyamide based enamel finish of approved
colour and make
Final Top Coat of EPOXY based polyurethane paint - Aliphatic grade for 35 microns DFT of approved
colour and make shall be provided.

10.3 TREATMENT (FOR FIRE RESISTANCE)

Applying proma paint or equivalent of 1hr fire resistance over the final coat of structural steel in viewing
gallery.
Applying 2hr fire resistance of cementitious spray applied coating for structural steels, for above false
ceiling works in viewing gallery.
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11.0 WATER PROOFING
11.1 TERRACE
Terrace water proofing is to be done as per QST water proofing calendar. Corresponding loads have
been considered in the analysis.

11.2 TOILET
Toilet water proofing is to be done as per QST water proofing calendar for toilets. Corresponding loads
have been considered in the analysis.

11.3 SUBSTRUCTURE (FOUNDATIONS, RC WALLS, BASEMENTS)

QST calendar for water proofing to be followed for the same.

APPENDIX-A
SAMPLE SUPER IMPOSED LOAD CALCULATION
SDL
Sl.No Area Usage Details
(kN/m2)
Bedrooms/ 10mm Ceramic Tile = 0.010*20 0.2
Living & Dining Avg thk of bedding mortar - 40mm = 0.04*20.4 0.816
1 and kitchen with 1.5
Ceiling plaster -12mm = 0.012*20.4 0.2448
tile flooring,
50mm finishes Total Load 1.26
OHT bottom
2 2.1 mt water height = 2.1*10 21
slab
Chejja / elevation
3 30 mm plastering = 0.030*20.4 0.612 1
slab
12mm terracotta tile = 0.012*24 0.288
Mortar - 20mm = 0.02*20.4 0.408
Terrace Water 20mm protective plaster = 0.02*20.4 0.408
4 3
proofing water proofing membrane = 0.1
50mm M10 screed = 0.05*24 1.2
Ceiling plaster +Services = approx 0.5