WATER SHORTAGE ITS

CAUSES, IMPACTS AND

REMEDIAL MEASURES
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 AREFERENCEFROMTHEHOLYQURAN

21:30

Havenotthosewhodisbelieveknownthatthe
heavensandtheearthwerejoinedtogetherasone
unitedpiece,thenWepartedthem?AndWehave
madefromwatereverylivingthing.Willtheynot
thenbelieve?

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Topicstobepresented

Abstract

Importance

Materials

IndusWaterTreaty

ImpactsofWaterShortage

Remedialmeasures

Effectivemanagement

Recommendations
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 ABSTRACT
with two thirds of the earths surface covered by
water, it is evidently clear that water is one of the
most important elements responsible for life on
earth. It is not only vital for sustenance of life but
equally essential for the socioeconomic
development. The global fresh water shortage and
food security issues related to teeming billions of
population necessitated the shifting of fresh water
from agriculture to other more pressing uses. The
country is facing the worst ever crises of water
shortageforlastmanyyears,aswateravailablefor
anygivenusehasbecomeincreasinglyscarce.
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 IMPORTANCE
Agricultureisimportantsectorinthedevelopment
ofcountry,takingbroaderperspectiveon
contributionofagriculturetogrossdomestic
productionandincludingassociatedsupport
services,theagricultureactuallyaccountsthemajor
portionoftotaleconomy.

70%ofthepopulationdependsdirectlyupon
agriculture.

Foodandfibreisthebasicneedofourcountry.

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Itmakespossibleinforeignexchangeearning
andjobemployment.
 IMPORTANCE
Improvementinagricultureproductivityismustfor
foodsecurity,atpresentfrom80Mhageographical
Area,29.6Mhaissuitableforagricultureandfrom
that13.3Mhaiscanalirrigatedand3.5israinfed.

Agricultureactsasanindustryanditisgaining
recognitionforitsimportanceincombatingwide
spreadruralpovertyandactsasstabilizingfactor
inthenationaleconomy.Itisclearfromtheabove
factsthatitbecomesindispensabletomanage
waterresourcesandagricultureproperly.

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 MATERIALS
Very less downpour, the hydrological cycle
determines the set of processes that maintain the
flow of water through the system.The hydrological
cycle depends upon evaporation, due to high
contamination of wet lands, oceans, rivers the
process is affected badly. Cutting of large area of
jungleaccordingtoUNreportinPakistanfrom7000
to9000hectaresjungleisremovedyearlyandnow
itisonly5%insteadof25%oftotalland.

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 INDUSWATERTREATY

Soonafter1947,thedisputeofwaterdistribution
arosebetweenindiaandpakistan.

ThetreatywassignedthroughWorldbankin1960.
Accordingtothistreatyallwatersofeasternrivers
(Ravi-BeasandSutlej)shallbeun-restricteduseof
india.

Totalwatersold24MAF,irrigatingsomeareaof8MA
ofland.
TheIWTtookplacein62millionpounds. 8
IN-SUFFICIENTWATERSTORAGES

Canada ________694MAF
U.S.A. ________1420MAF
China ________2280MAF
India ________245MAF
Pakistan ________16.12MAFduetosiltingupof
reservoirs.

Warsak ________ 0.0495MAF

Rawal ________ 0.0475MAF

Mangla ________ 5.6000MAF

Tarbella ________ 10.2000MAF

Khanpur ________ 0.0590MAF

Tanda ________ 0.0788MAF

Hub ________ 0.0924MAF 9
16.1272MAF
TOTALAVAILABLESURFACEWATERANDLOSSESINPAKISTAN

142MAFfromallsurfacesources

50MAFlossesRiverandSea

92MAF
29MAFfromcanals

63MAF

30MAFadditionfromtubewells

93MAF

37MAFlossesfromW.Cs
56MAF

14MAFlossesfromlands
10

42MAFNetuses
IMPACTSOFWATERSHORTAGE
Shortageincroppedlands(outof80Mha,29Mhaland
iscultivablebutonly17Mhaishardlycanalirrigated
yet),thereforeimportoffoodgrainsputadditional
stressoneconomy.

HydroPower.Pakistanhasanestimatedpotentialof
40,000MWofhydropowerintheupperIndus
region;wehavetappedonly13%.atpresent
Pakistanhasapowergenerationcapacityof19246
MW.Outofwhichonly30%isfromhydeland
nuclearwhereas70%isfromthermal.WAPDAhas
projectedapowerrequirementof75149MWbyyear
2025,whichcanonlybeachievedbyconstructing
additionalstoragedams. 11
 Effectsofurbanization/Industries.Watershortage
inturnisalsoaffecting:-

Availabilityofwaterforurbanuse.
Industrialuse.
FlowdownstreamKotri.

GroundWater
Surfacewaterhasputtremendouspressureon
groundwater.Overdrawingofgroundwaterby
userstocompensatetheshortage.Inturn
reducedrechargingowingtolesspercolation.
Thishasresultrisingofsalinewaterlensnearer
tothegroundsurface.

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 REMEDIALMEASURES
1. Increaseinwaterstoragereservoirs.

2. Preparationofeffectivewaterpolicies.

3. Planningandpreparationofwaterbudget.

4. Managementforharvestingseepageaswell
5. runoff.

6. Properuseofirrigationwater.

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7. Re-useofwastewaterforirrigation.
 EFFECTIVEMANAGEMENT
Thewaterresourcesdevelopmentisembeddedinthe
socio-economic environment. The effective
developmentdependsupon:
Developmentpoliciesbepreparedbythestate.

populationgrowth.

Economicframework,consideringtheagriculture
asindustry.
Availability water resources and effective
harvestingmethodsofrunoff.
Water wastage through entire system,
percolation, evaporation and methods of
irrigation.
Crop patronage, seasons, duration and effective 14

rainfall.
 Foodandfibredemandandfuturerequirement,
consideringthegrowthrateofpopulation.

Morespecificidentificationofissueswillhelpin
preparingvariousmodelsforquality&quantity
studies.

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 RECOMMENDATIONS
Foodandfibreisthepressingneedofeveryone,
thereforepropermanagementofwaterresourcesis
necessary.

Statisticsofyearlywaterbudgetwillhelpin
effectiveplanningofwaterresources.

Aonecenturyoldirrigationsystemisnowposing
theseriousproblemofwaterwastagethrough
seepage,itrequiresproperrehabilitationat
requiredlevel.

Thewaterusersbeawareproperlyaboutthe 16
importance,availabilityandeffectiveuseofwater
throughsocialmobilization.
 Institutionalmanagement,effectiveplanningand
wiseuseofwateristherequirementoftime.

Furrowasmethodofcultivationandtrickleas
methodofirrigationbeimplementedeffectively.

Waterrights,rulesandpoliciesbeframedto
controlwickedproblemsliketamperingof
modules,watertheftandpilferageetc.

Insteadoflandtax,nowTaxbefixedonwater
quantity
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Thanksforyour
KindAttention
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