QUALITY IMPROVEMENTS IN FRUIT PROCESSING & COLD STORAGE

INDUSTRY IN TERMS OF INFORMATION SYSTEM UTILIZATION

Bojan Milosavljevi, PhD1
Saa Petrovi2

Abstract: Fruit processing & cold storage industry is the second high industry regarding annual export increase
achieved from Serbia, being predominantly to European Union countries. As such, fruit processing industry is the
subject of permanent quality assurance improvement and maintenance. This paper deals with specification of quality
improvements achieved by establishment of an information system in order to properly manage business data and
processes in fruit processing companies. The fruit purchase, processing and cold storage information system was
designed and developed by authors of the paper as part of their consulting business and it provides recording data
about business processes of fruit, wild fruit and mushrooms purchase/collecting, processing and cold storage; even
more strict procedures of organic food processing can be followed. Out of these data, the system can support optimal
pallet place selection within a custom pallet layout of processed fruit for each cold storage house (pallet places with the
same product are highlighted) and generate reports, such as products in stock. Business data acquisition is possible
either on the spot (in fruit processing rooms and cold storage houses) or in an accounting office, using various devices
(desktops, tablets, smart phones etc.), due to responsive design implemented for the business web application design.
Direct access to the system is also possible from a remote, Internet connected location of a remote purchasing spot or
cold storage house. Regularly maintained business data allows for a number of process quality pieces of information,
significant for meeting the requirements of the Food safety legislation, such as a food traceability or fruit row material
waste. Some financial and business accounting data can be kept and corresponding control reports are also available
in the information system. As such, the paper suites well to emphasize the information system benefits for further
improvements in food industry.

Keywords: fruit processing, cold storage, quality assurance, information system, food traceability

JEL Classification: L15 - Information and Product Quality

1. INTRODUCTION
According to [1], fruit processing & cold storage industry is among the first five industries with the second
high annual increase regarding export achieved from Serbia in the year of 2015. This industry almost
exclusively realizes export to European countries (predominantly to European Union countries). As such, it
is bounded to a very strict legislation procedure, especially regarding quality assurance. It is quite a
challenge to achieve permanent quality standards in the industry being so dependent on weather- and other
hardly predictable conditions (affected to row material fruit quality and availability). That is why it is very
important to design and implement process quality procedures very carefully, thoroughly and strictly.
Krunet is the consulting company oriented to implementation of international food safety standards in Serbia.
In their consulting practice, working on implementation of food-safety-related standards in fruit/wild
fruit/mushrooms purchase/collecting, processing & cold storage industry, the Krunet consultants have been
facing with difficulties and even inability of fruit processing & cold storage companies to strictly follow all
procedures imposed by international standards given in Codex Alimentarius (CAC/RCP 1-1969, Rev. 4-
2003) (especially for organic products) when manually writing process data (on paper).The problem is
particularly acute in companies purchasing fruit and vegetables from partners and/or individual growers.
This is due to congestion (bottleneck) in business process information flow, arising from several factors,
such as lack of manpower and time during fruit purchasing and processing season peaks, or insufficient
education level of employees etc. The Krunets CEO and principal consultant Saa Petrovi has looked for
the solution of this problem in application of modern information technology to make business process
monitoring easier, simpler, faster and more accurate, as well as to improve compliance with international
food-safety-related regulations and principles (especially to enable food traceability reports).
The software, exclusively designed and developed by Krunet consulting companys consultant (the first
author of this paper), to record data for fruit purchasing, processing and cold storage efficiently and
accurately, to allow for optimal storage location selections, as well as to improve and impose the Food safety
legislations quality requirements and indicators in fruit processing & cold storage industry is presented, and

1
Bojan Milosavljevi, College of Technical Studies & Technology, Kruevac, Serbia, bmilosavljevic@gmail.com
2
Saa Petrovi, Krunet (business consulting company), Kruevac, Serbia, office@krunet.net
quality system improvements arising from utilization of such an information system are elaborated in this
paper. In addition, the software improves monitoring of financial debit and discharge, as well as fruit raw
material waste in processing. The second section of the paper deals with specification of business processes
in fruit processing & cold storage companies, as observed by Krunet consultants. The third section sets up
the software requirements arising from all observations, interviews and analysis carried out between Krunet
and fruit processing & cold storage companies owners, management and operations stuff. Business process
engineering in order to achieve quality improvements is described in the fourth section. The most distinctive
software options for implementation of those quality improvements are classified, described and illustrated
in the fifth section. The sixth section brings out the concluding remarks.

2. SPECIFICATION OF BUSINESS PROCESSES

The Krunet consultants have reviewed the descriptions of business processes being held in fruit processing &
cold storage industry company (further mentioned as a company) as follows:
A company purchases and stores fresh or frozen fruit/wild fruit/mushrooms raw materials in
companys cold storage house chambers. In each cold storage house chamber, there are multiple
areas of pallet places with the same number of floors (pallets stored one above another on the same
location in the chamber). Each pallet carries a number of boxes with the same type of fruit/wild
fruit/mushrooms product, as illustrated in Figure 1.

Figure 1. An example of a fruit/wild fruit/mushrooms products cold storage house

Source: Banana ripening chamber, http://www.bombayammoniarefrigeration.com/fruit-ripening-chambers.html

A company has usually established its own fresh fruit/wild fruit/mushrooms purchasing spots
(purchasing spots) where individual fruit producers/collectors can submit their fresh fruit/wild
fruit/mushrooms. In that case, a company should keep records about each purchase round from the
same individual producer/collector and its items purchased, as well as issue receipts for purchased
fruit/wild fruit/ mushrooms.
Fruit/wild fruit/mushrooms are then being processed in one or more process phases. Each process
phase takes place in the following manner: firstly, fruit/wild fruit/mushrooms to be processed are
taken from the proper floor and pallet places (within a corresponding cold storage house) and then
transported to the fruit processing line. Processed fruit/wild fruit/mushrooms products from the
processing line are classified (processed products of different types are placed on separate pallets)
and then taken back to (possibly and probably other) pallet places. Examples of these process phases
include cooling, deep refrigeration, sorting, cleaning, peeling, filtration, pressing, partial crushing,
cutting, cooking etc. (depending on fruit sorts). As an illustration, the processing phase of washing
and sorting of apricots is shown in Figure 2.
When a fruit product is sold, food traceability is often required by the Food safety legislation. It is
the related chain of performed activities (trace) in order, from the given sale back to the fruit raw
material purchases of interest, through the intermediate fruit processing items.
Purchase and delivery receipts should be available as automated reports when purchase or processing
data is entered.
 Fruit raw material waste rates should be monitored by generating automatic reports for getting
insight into summarized values for each fruit processing (being the difference between the amounts
coming into and out of the given fruit processing).
Products on stock (along with a list of pallet place labels) automated report can be generated for
selected start and end date.
Financial reports regarding turnover by product types and purchases from individual fruit producers
should be available.

Figure 2. Washing and sorting of apricots

Source: Plants & Machines for processing apricots, peaches and plums, http://www.bertuzzi.it/en/apricot-peach-
plum

3. SETTING UP THE SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS

Based on their interviews with fruit processing & cold storage company management and technology staff
during their standardization-related campaigns, the Krunet consulting company consultants were facing with
the need to further automate business data flow about fruit/wild fruit/mushrooms purchase/collecting,
processing and cold storage, in order to be able to generate automated reports about very important food-
safety-legislation indicators, such as a food traceability or fruit row material waste, as well as to optimize
pallet storage place selection and review.
Shortly afterwards, potential benefit of introduction of some financial and accounting data emerged, as well
as some control indicators to be generated out of it. This lead to recording the prices of purchased and sold
fruit products and generation of automatic reports for purchase or delivery receipt.
The software should be simultaneously accessible in an accounting staff office, as well as in a very dynamic
environment, on the spot where actual processing operations take place (in fruit processing rooms and cold
storage houses). That is why it should be built as a distributed web application (for simultaneous access of
many users with various devices), within responsive web design framework, thus being adaptable to various
screen sizes of available devices (desktops, tablets, smart phones etc.), each of them suitable in
corresponding environments (for example, tablets or smart phones are convenient tools in processing rooms
and cold storage houses for recording data from currently operated processes, and desktops are suitable in an
accounting office).
Additionally, application users should be protected from unauthorized access and from one another in their
own responsibilities for entered data. That is why the software application users should have their own
accounts (identified by username and password) to access this information system software. They should
immediately be assigned a role, being a set of capabilities in the software application that could be set for
example according to authorities based on working position. Three roles could initially be distinguished,
being as follows: Purchase recorder, Processing recorder and All capabilities.

4. BUSINESS PROCESS REENGINEERING FOR QUALITY IMPROVEMENTS

In order to fulfill its requirements, the information system software solution has imposed some business
process reengineering. These reengineered items are as follows:
1. Unique enumeration of pallet places has been performed according to layouts of cold storage house
chambers. Each pallet place is labeled as sequence of numbers and characters representing sub labels
of more and more specific areas of a given pallet storage location. Each numeric sub label takes two
decimal places and there is only one character label designating a custom chamber area with the
same layout of pallet places (with the same number of floors on each pallet place location). For
example, the label 01L020305 means the pallet place on the 5 th floor (from the ground), 3rd place
from the left in the 2nd row (from the deepest position, most far away from the chamber entrance) in
the Left section of the Chamber 01. A chamber setting can be set so that its pallet place position can
be also counted from the right. The software should give a user friendly and optimized way of pallet
place selection by tapping its position button within a software-generated chamber situation plan
map (customized for each chamber according to its sections and their layout, as shown in Figure 3).
The pallet place buttons should be highlighted (blue button indicates at least one pallet place floor
with the same product type already on a pallet; green button means there is at least one free pallet
place on the floors of the given chambers pallet place location), and thus a user can optimally select
a pallet place in each chamber (desktop page in Figure 3a). The application, being responsive, has
the same page on mobile devices (smart phones and tablets) as illustrated in Figure 3b.

a b
Figure 3. Optimal selection of chambers pallet place location: a) desktop b) mobile screen
Source: Authors (web application screenshot)
2. If fresh fruit/wild fruit/mushrooms should be collected from a companys own purchasing spot and
then stored as total in boxes on a pallet, then it should be recorded twice in the software, providing
for flexibility and versatility in the following manner:
a company could choose to record just one business process (data records for purchase from
individual fruit producers/collectors only or data records for stored pallets only, no matter the
individual fruit producers/collectors)
a company could choose to record both business processes and then use automated, summarized
control report to compare actual total values of purchased and stored fresh fruit amounts
if fresh or frozen fruit is purchased from a third-party distributor, then only amounts on pallets as
total should (and could) be stored
unit prices and amounts can be associated to items collected from individual fruit
producers/collectors, as well as for amounts stored on pallets (as total), thus accounting for both
cases of indebting individual fruit producers/collectors as well as third party distributors, or even
a companys own purchaser could be paid off if she is responsible for paying off her individual
fruit producers/collectors; this can be provided due to generalization of both distributors and
companys own purchasing spots as partners (associated with its company); partner data is the
required information for recording payments (and individual fruit producers/collectors are
referenced only if applicable)
3. The problem of proper association of the purchased/collected amounts from individual fruit
producers/collectors with those amounts stored on the pallets is solved by introduction of the Tour
entity. A tour is an activity of transfer goods from a company (when products are sold) or to a
 company (when products from a third-party distributor or fresh fruit raw materials from companys
own purchasing spot are delivered to a company). Thus, fruit processing actually begins with the
tour reception process phase. That first phase in the processing chain is associated with previously
recorded tour of incoming goods. Such an association also allows for generation of automated
receipt.
4. Selling products is also considered as a processing phase and this generalization (along with tour
reception) makes calculations of products on stock easier. Selling products could also be associated
with a tour, thus obtaining automated delivery receipt.

5. INFORMATION SYSTEM SOFTWARE OPTIONS FOR QUALITY IMPROVEMENT

Information system distributed responsive web applications options for quality improvement are presented
in this section.
5.1. Various user roles and capabilities (authorities)
Users with various roles have different menu options and thus authorities in the application, as illustrated in
Figures 4 and 5 (on first pages for logged in users with administrator All capabilities role in Figure 4 and
menus for Purchase recorder and Processing recorder roles respectively). Thus business data are protected
and accessible only to authorized users.

Figure 4.First page for a logged in admin user with All capabilities role and expanded user menu
Source: Authors (web application screenshot)

a b
Figure 5. The menus for a) Purchase recorder and b) Processing recorder user roles
Source: Authors (web application screenshots)
According to associated capabilities to user roles, a user can update or insert corresponding basic
(foundational) business data, such as fruit growers (Poljoprivrednici), processing phases (Faze obrade),
products (Proizvodi), product categories (Kategorije proizvoda), fruit (raw materials) types (Sirovine), fruit
type categories (Kategorije sirovine), partners (including purchasing spots) (Partneri), repositories
(Magacini) for accountants, purchasers (purchase operators at purchasing spots - Otkupljivai) and cold
storage companies (Hladnjae), as shown in Figure 4. In these application pages, application users can select
one of existing items displayed in a page (they want to update) by clicking on the drop down combo izbor: at
upper top corner of page. As an example of pages for updating these foundational business data, the products
page with expanded combo drop down izbor: for product selection is shown in Figure 6.

Figure 6. The page for updating products selected in a drop down combo grid (expanded)
Source: Authors (web application screenshot)
Administrators can set new and update existing roles along with their capabilities as shown in Figure 7.

Figure 7. Administrators can set new and update existing roles and associate roles capabilities
Source: Authors (web application screenshot)
5.2. The improved procedures for fruit raw material reception and product sales
The improved procedure of fruit raw material reception (within a tour) is supported in the application. An
operator (purchase and/or processing recorder) can work on the spot in the following manner: she starts Ture
(tour) button on the first page or Ture menu option (shown in Figure 4) and records the new tour by pressing
Sauvaj - Save button when all input data fields are inserted (Figure 8).
To receive a tour on the spot and record fruit raw material processing, a processing recorder user should then
press Obrade za turu (Processing for the Tour) tab button at bottom of the tour page (Figure 8). Then the
page is displayed that allows for inserting new and updating existing processing items (in tour reception
phase) being associated with currently recorded tour. Processing details tab (Detalji obrade tab button is
active) is illustrated in Figure 9. U obradu >> tab is where an operator should record processing items from
pallet to processing, and in the >> Iz obrade tab page, she should insert processed items transferred back
from processing to pallets (Figure 10). As highlighted in Figure 10, optimal pallet location selection can be
obtained from palete button (on the page illustrated in Figure 3 that is shown afterwards).

Figure 8. Inserting a new tour (with receipt label for tour reception and delivery label for sales)
Source: Authors (web application screenshot)

Figure 9. Processing details (Detalji obrade tab button is active) for the tour
Source: Authors (web application screenshot)
Magacin field can be used to associate repository (used by accountants). The default repository is Komore
(chambers). Other values provide for some specific cases to be recorded (for instance, some amounts of fruit
being cooled temporally, often as service to a third party).
If data are entered on the spot, then automatic (delivery) receipt generators can be useful application options.
These reports are generated in PDF (Portable Document Format), in two copies each, so one can be kept in
the company and the other one can be given to a partner. For purchase receipt, VAT ( value-added tax) is
calculated automatically out of price per unit including VAT. Menu item to generate report is shown in Figure
11a, and the purchase receipt and delivery report are shown in Figures 11b and 11c respectively.
5.3. Food traceability report
As probably the most significant option regarding standard assurance and food safety legislation
conformance, there is the Sledljivost sub option (meaning traceability) of Izvetaj o obradi (processing
reports) menu item (as can be seen in Figure 11a), that is applied to currently active processing item. It has
been implemented as SVG (Scalable Vector Graphics) diagram, automatically generated in a browser by
appropriate XSLT (eXtensible Stylesheet Language Transformation) applied to application-generated XML
(eXtensible Markup Language) recursive data of processing and pallet items. Hence the most useful chain of
processing and pallet items is for sold products, all back to fruit raw materials received in a cold storage
company. Such a traceability report for sold cherry is illustrated in Figure 12 (processing prodaja - sale at
top of the diagram, back to prijem ture - tour reception processing at bottom of the diagram; processing and
pallet items are depicted as gear and pallet icons respectively).

optimal pallet
place selection

Figure 10. Processed items transferred from process back to pallets should be inserted within >> Iz obrade tab page
Source: Authors (web application screenshot)

a b c
Figure 11. a) Prijemni/otpremni list (receipt/delivery report) menu item b) purchase receipt c) delivery report
Source: Authors (web application screenshots)
5.4. Periodical reports
There are a number of periodical reports in the application that need start and end dates to be set for them
before the reports are generated. The menu item and its page for setting up start and end dates are shown in
Figure 13 (a and b respectively). Fruit processing waste report is obtained from Kaliranje sub menu item and
shown in Figure 14a. As crates can be recorded as product items along with other (real) products received
within a tour, there is also information about them in the report.

Figure 12. Traceability report for sold cherry (example)

Source: Authors (web application screenshot)

a b
Figure 13. Periodical reports: a) sub menu b) start and end dates update form
Source: Authors (web application screenshots)
The Products on stock periodical report with pallet locations, obtained from Proizvodi po paletama sub
menu, is shown in Figure 14b.
Financial periodical reports (product turnover and purchase by tours end fruit growers) are shown in Figure
15 (a and b respectively). If company records both purchase items by individual growers and tour items as a
whole, these reports can offer comparison between summarized amounts recorded by purchase and tour.

6. CONLUDING REMARKS
Further improvements of this software include support for automatic pallet cataloguing via RFID or barcode
technologies, as well as introduction of local storage and thus no need for Internet connection on remote
purchasing spots (along with automatic synchronization of data when on companys premises).
The Krunet consultancy business in fruit processing & cold storage companies was supported by National
agency for regional development of Republic of Serbia and USAID (United States Agency for International
Development).
LITERATURE:
1. Workman, D., (2016) Serbias top ten exports, http://www.worldstopexports.com/serbias-top-10-
exports/
 a b
Figure 14. Periodical reports: a) Fruit processing waste b) Products on stock with pallet locations
Source: Authors (web application screenshots)

a b
Figure 15. Periodical reports: a) Products turnover b) Purchase by tours and fruit growers
Source: Authors (web application screenshots)