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The ancient Persians were a nomadic branch of the ancient Iranian population that
entered modern-day Iran by the early 10th century BC.[9][10] Together with their
compatriot allies, they established and ruled some of the world's most powerful
empires,[11][12] well-recognized for their massive cultural, political, and social
influence covering much of the territory and population of the ancient world.[13]
[14]
Throughout history, the Persians have contributed greatly to various forms of art,
[15][16][17][18] owning one of the world's most prominent literary traditions,[19]
and have made contributions in numerous other fields, including mathematics,
theology, medicine, and various other sciences.[15]
Contents [hide]
1 ?thnonym
1.1 Etymology
1.2 History of usage
2 History
3 Anthropology
3.1 Persian language
3.2 Related groups
4 Culture
4.1 Art
4.2 Literature
4.3 Architecture
4.4 Gardens
4.5 Music
4.6 Carpets
4.7 Observances
5 References
6 Sources
7 External links
?thnonym[edit]
Etymology[edit]
See also Perseus
The English term Persian derives from Latin Persia, itself deriving from Greek
Perss (?e?s??),[25] a Hellenized form of Old Persian Parsa (????????).[26] In the
Bible, it is given as Pars (Hebrew ????????)sometimes Paras uMadai (??? ????;
Persia and Media)within the books of Esther, Daniel, Ezra, and Nehemya.
History of usage[edit]
Although Persis was originally one of the provinces of ancient Iran,[29] varieties
of this term (e.g. Persia) were adopted through Greek sources and used as an
official name for all of Iran for many years.[30] Thus, in the Western world, the
term Persian came to refer to all inhabitants of the country.[30]
Some medieval and early modern Islamic sources also used cognates of the term
Persian to refer to various Iranian peoples, including the speakers of the
Khwarezmian language,[31] the Mazanderani language,[32] and the Old Azeri language.
[33] 10th-century Iraqi historian Al-Masudi refers to Pahlavi, Dari and Azari as
dialects of the Persian language.[34] In 1333, medieval Moroccan traveler and
scholar Ibn Battuta referred to the people of Kabul as a specific sub-tribe of
Persians.[35] Lady Mary (Leonora Woulfe) Sheil, in her observation of Iran during
the Qajar era, describes Persians, Kurds, and Leks to identify themselves as
descendants of the ancient Persians.[20]
On March 21, 1935, the former king of Iran, Reza Shah of the Pahlavi dynasty,
issued a decree asking the international community to use the term Iran, the native
name of the country, in formal correspondence. However, the term Persian is still
historically used to designate the predominant population of the Iranian peoples
living in the Iranian cultural continent.[36][37][38][39]
History[edit]