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a) if entry through an axillary approach is required , entry from the left side minimises the risk of stroke
b) a translumbar approach is NOT contra-indicated out in a patient with a blood pressure of 180/110
c) in a translumbar approach the needle should be aimed at the L1 level if an aortic aneurysm is suspected
d) the vessel most commonly used for arterial access is the superficial femoral artery
e) infrainguinal arterial puncture may lead to retoperitoneal haemmorhage
Explanation
NO EXPLANATION
Explanation
NO EXPLANATION
Your answer is N N N N N
Explanation
A. NO EXP B. the use of coils of the correct size is relatively safe C. this is a major disadvantage of their use
D. this occurs in 10 % of patients and is self limiting E. complete obliteration of shunting is rare due to the
presence of small occult malformations.Patients should therefore continue to be prescribed antibiotics before
any procedure asscoiated with a risk of bacteraemia
a) brachiocephalic arteries approached from the femoral artery may be approached vy a Headhunter
b) Simmons catheters are useful for hooking sharply angled vessels
c) flushing of catheters should take place every 2-3 minutes
d) an occluded catheter should never be opened by passage of a guide wire
e) when a guide wire is inserted into a catheter it may be allowed to exit the catheter tip if the catheter tip is
within the arch of the aorta
Your answer is N N N N N
Explanation
NO EXPLANATION
in cerebral angiography
a) only the anterior wall of the common carotid artery is punctured in the direct technique of carotid
angiography
b) 6ml iopamidol 300 at 4 ml per second is suitable for vertebral angiography
c) direct vertebral puncture is best performed with a short bevel needle
d) direct puncture of the vertebral artery is performed with the patient's head extended and the carotid artery
displaced laterally
e) cortical blindness is a complication of carotid angiography
regarding DSA
Your answer is N N N N N
NO EXPLANATION
Explanation
A. an ankle-brachial pressure gradient of less than 0.5 confers a poor prognosis B. the 5-year patency rates
after iliac artery angioplasty vary between 60 and 90%. The 5-year patency rates for femoro-popliteal lesions
is mostly over 50% C. 0.7% vs 2.8% D. pahramcological benefits are only minimal. the main non-
interventional form of therapy is exercise E. patients with multiple level stenoses generally do poorly with
conservative treatment and usually require angioplasty
Explanation
NO EXP
regarding guide wires in arteriography
Your answer is N N N N N
Explanation
NO EXPLANATION