Rational Expressions

ANSWER:
8-1 Multiplying and Dividing Rational Expressions

Simplify each expression. 3.MULTIPLE CHOICE Identify all values of x for

which isundefined.
1.

A 7, 4

SOLUTION:
B 7, 4

C 4, 7, 7

D 4, 7

SOLUTION:
ANSWER:

The function is undefined when the denominator
tends to 0.

2.

SOLUTION:
The correct choice is D.

ANSWER:
D

Simplify each expression.

ANSWER: 4.
SOLUTION:
3.MULTIPLE CHOICE Identify all values of x for

which isundefined.

A 7, 4

B 7, 4

C 4, 7, 7 ANSWER:

D 4,
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SOLUTION:
ANSWER:
ANSWER:
D


6.
4.
SOLUTION:

SOLUTION:

ANSWER:

ANSWER:
7.

SOLUTION:
Invert the second expression and multiply.

5.

SOLUTION:

ANSWER:
8.

ANSWER:
SOLUTION:
6.

SOLUTION:
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero ANSWER: Page 2
ANSWER: ANSWER:

8.
10.

SOLUTION:

SOLUTION:
Invert the second expressions and multiply.

ANSWER:

ANSWER:
9.

SOLUTION:
11.

SOLUTION:

ANSWER:
ANSWER: 4

12.CCSS SENSE-MAKINGThe volume of a

shipping container in the shape of a rectangular prism
3 2
can be represented by the polynomial 6x + 11x +
4x, where the height is x.
10.
a. Find the length and width of the container.
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 3

b. Find the ratio of the three dimensions of the
container when x = 2.

12.CCSS SENSE-MAKINGThe volume of a
b. 2 : 5 : 10
shipping container in the shape of a rectangular prism
3 2
can be represented
8-1 Multiplying by the polynomial
and Dividing Rational 6x + 11x +
Expressions c. no
4x, where the height is x.

a. Find the length and width of the container. Simplify each expression.

b. Find the ratio of the three dimensions of the
container when x = 2. 13.

c. Will the ratio of the three dimensions be the same
for all values of x? SOLUTION:

ANSWER:

SOLUTION:
a. Divide the volume by the height of the container to
find the length and width of the container

14.

SOLUTION:

The length is (2x + 1) and width is (3x + 4).

b. Substitute x = 2 in the expressions for height, ANSWER:
length and width.

Height: x = 2
Length:
Width:
15.
c. No because the expressions for height, length and
widtharedifferent.
SOLUTION:
ANSWER:
a. 2x + 1, 3x + 4

b. 2 : 5 : 10

c. no ANSWER:


ANSWER: ANSWER:

15. 18.

SOLUTION: SOLUTION:

ANSWER:

ANSWER:
16.

SOLUTION:
19.MULTIPLE CHOICE Identify all values of x for
which isundefined.

F 3, 6
ANSWER:
G 4, 6

H 6, 6

J 6, 3, 4, 6
17.
SOLUTION:
SOLUTION:

Therefore, the function is undefined for x = 6, 3, 4,
6. So, the correct choice is J.

ANSWER:
ANSWER:
J


18.
20.

ANSWER:
ANSWER:
J

22.
20.
SOLUTION:
SOLUTION:

ANSWER:

ANSWER:

23.

21. SOLUTION:

SOLUTION:

ANSWER:

ANSWER:
24.GEOMETRY The cylinder has a volume of (x + 3)

2
(x 3x 18) cubic centimeters. Find the height of
the cylinder.

22.

SOLUTION:

SOLUTION:

ANSWER:
ANSWER:

24.GEOMETRY The cylinder has a volume of (x + 3)

2 26.
(x 3x 18) cubic centimeters. Find the height of
the cylinder.

SOLUTION:

ANSWER:

SOLUTION:
27.

SOLUTION:
Invert the second fraction and multiply.

Therefore, the height of the cylinder is (x 6)
centimeters.

ANSWER: ANSWER:
x 6 cm


28.
25.

SOLUTION:
SOLUTION:

ANSWER:

ANSWER:

26.

ANSWER: ANSWER:

28. 30.

SOLUTION: SOLUTION:
Invert the second fraction and multiply. Invert the second fraction and multiply.

ANSWER:
ANSWER:

31.
29.

SOLUTION:
SOLUTION:

ANSWER:

ANSWER:

y +5
30.
32.

SOLUTION:
Invert the second fraction and multiply. SOLUTION:

ANSWER:


31. ANSWER:
ANSWER:

ANSWER:and Dividing Rational Expressions
8-1 Multiplying
y +5
32. 34.

SOLUTION: SOLUTION:
Invert the second fraction and multiply. Invert the second fraction and multiply.

ANSWER:

ANSWER:
33.

SOLUTION:
35.

SOLUTION:
Invert the fraction in the denominator and multiply.

ANSWER:

34.
ANSWER:

SOLUTION:
Invert
eSolutions the second
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ANSWER: ANSWER:

35. 37.

SOLUTION: SOLUTION:
Invert the fraction in the denominator and multiply. Invert the fraction in the denominator and multiply.

ANSWER:

ANSWER:

36.
38.

SOLUTION:
SOLUTION:

ANSWER:

ANSWER:

37.
39.CCSSREASONINGAt the end of her high school
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero soccer career, Ashley had made 33 goals out ofPage
12110
attempts.

SOLUTION:
ANSWER:

SOLUTION:
Find the base of the parallelogram F.

39.CCSSREASONINGAt the end of her high school
soccer career, Ashley had made 33 goals out of 121
attempts.

a. Write a ratio to represent the ratio of the number
of goals made to goals attempted by Ashley at the The base of the parallelogram F is (4x 1) meters.
end of her high school career.
Find the base of the parallelogram G.
b. Suppose Ashley attempted a goals and made m
goals during her first year at college. Write a rational
expression to represent the ratio of the number of
career goals made to the number of career goals
attempted at the end of her first year in college.

The base of the parallelogram G is (2x + 5) meters.
SOLUTION:

a. Find the area of the right triangle H.

b.

ANSWER:
a.

The area of the right triangle H is
b.
.

2
40.GEOMETRY Parallelogram F has an area of 8x + ANSWER:
10x 3 square meters and a height of 2x + 3 meters.
2 2 2
Parallelogram G has an area of 6x + 13x 5 square (8x + 18x 5) m
meters and a height of 3x 1 meters. Find the area

of right triangle H.

41.POLLUTION The thickness of an oil spill from a
ruptured pipe on a rig is modeled by the function
whereT is the thickness of the

oil slick in meters and x is the distance from the
rupture in meters.

a. Simplify the function.
SOLUTION:
Find the base of the parallelogram F. b. How thick is the slick 100 meters from the
rupture?

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero SOLUTION: Page 11
a.

ANSWER: a.
2 2
(8x + 18x 5) m
8-1 Multiplying and Dividing Rational Expressions b. about 3.9 mm thick

41.POLLUTION The thickness of an oil spill from a Simplify each expression.

ruptured pipe on a rig is modeled by the function
whereT is the thickness of the 42.

oil slick in meters and x is the distance from the
rupture in meters.
SOLUTION:
a. Simplify the function.

b. How thick is the slick 100 meters from the
rupture?

SOLUTION:
a.

ANSWER:
43.

b. Substitute x = 100 in the function .
SOLUTION:

The slick is about 0.0039 meters or 3.9 mm thick.

ANSWER:
a.
ANSWER:
b. about 3.9 mm thick


42. 44.

SOLUTION: SOLUTION:
ANSWER: ANSWER:

44. 46.

SOLUTION: SOLUTION:

ANSWER:

ANSWER:

47.

45.
SOLUTION:

SOLUTION:

ANSWER:
48.

SOLUTION:
ANSWER:

46.
ANSWER:
eSolutions
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SOLUTION:
ANSWER: ANSWER:

48.
50.

SOLUTION:
SOLUTION:

ANSWER:
49. ANSWER:

SOLUTION:
51.

SOLUTION:

ANSWER:
50. ANSWER:

SOLUTION:
52.GEOMETRY The area of the base of the
rectangular prism at the right is 20 square
centimeters.
a.
ANSWER:

8-1 Multiplying and Dividing Rational Expressions b.

52.GEOMETRY The area of the base of the c.
rectangular prism at the right is 20 square
centimeters.

a. Find the length of intermsofx. Simplify each expression.

b. If DC = 3BC, determine the area of the shaded 53.
region in terms of x.
SOLUTION:
c. Determine the volume of the prism in terms of x.

ANSWER:

SOLUTION:
a. The length of is . 54.

b. The length of intermsofx is . SOLUTION:

Therefore, the area of the shaded region is
squarecentimeters.

c. The height of the prism is centimeters.

ANSWER:

ANSWER:
a. 55.
b. SOLUTION:

c.

ANSWER: SOLUTION:
a.

b.
55.

SOLUTION:

The second airplane travels a bit farther than the first
airplane.

c. x = 6. Sample answer: When x = 6, the first
ANSWER: airplane would travel for 0 hours and the second
airplane would travel at a rate of 0 miles per hour.

ANSWER:

a.
56.CCSSPERSEVERANCEUse the formula d = rt
and the following information.
An airplane is traveling at a rate r of 500 miles per
hour for a time t of (6 + x) hours. A second airplane b. Sampleanswer:Thesecondairplanetravels
travels at the rate of (540 + 90x) miles per hour for a a bit farther than the first airplane.
time t of 6 hours.

c. x = 6; Sample answer: When x = 6, the first
a. Write a rational expression to represent the ratio airplane would travel for 0 hours and the second
of the distance d traveled by the first airplane to the airplane would travel at a rate of 0 miles per hour.
distance d traveled by the second airplane.

b. Simplify the rational expression. What does this 57.TRAINS Trying to get into a train yard one evening,
expression tell you about the distances traveled by all of the trains are backed up for 2 miles along a
the two airplanes? system of tracks. Assume that each car occupies an
average of 75 feet of space on a track and that the
c. Under what condition is the rational expression train yard has 5 tracks.
undefined? Describe what this condition would tell
you about the two airplanes. a. Write an expression that could be used to
determine the number of train cars involved in the
backup.
SOLUTION:

a. b. How many train cars are involved in the backup?

c. Suppose that there are 8 attendants doing safety
b. checks on each car, and it takes each vehicle an
average of 45 seconds for each check.
Approximately how many hours will it take for all the
vehicles in the backup to exit?

a.
checks on each car, and it takes each vehicle an b. TABULAR Let Usethe
average of 45 seconds for each check. expression you wrote in part a to write the related
Approximately how many hours will it take for all the function g(x). Use a graphing calculator to make a
8-1 Multiplying
vehicles in theand Dividing
backup Rational Expressions
to exit?
table for both functions for

SOLUTION: c. ANALYTICAL What are f (4) and g(4)? Explain
the significance of these values.
a.
d. GRAPHICAL Graph the functions on the

graphing calculator. Use the TRACE function to
b. Simplify the expression.
investigateeachgraph,usingtheandkeysto
switch from one graph to the other. Compare and
contrast the graphs.

e . VERBAL What conclusions can you draw about
the expressions and the functions?

SOLUTION:
a.
Therefore, 704 train cars are involved in the backup.

c.

b.

Therefore, it will take about 70.4 hours for all the
vehicles in the backup to exit.

ANSWER:
a.

b. 704

c. 70.4 h c. f (4) results in an error because the function is
undefined at . g(4) = 3

58.MULTIPLE REPRESENTATIONS In this d.
problem, you will investigate the graph of a rational
function.
a. ALGEBRAIC Simplify

b. TABULAR Let Usethe
expression you wrote in part a to write the related
function g(x). Use a graphing calculator to make a
The graphs appear to be the same on the graphing
table for both functions for
calculator. But f (x) is undefined for f (4) and g(4) =

3.
c. ANALYTICAL What are f (4) and g(4)? Explain
the significance of these values.
e . The expressions and functions are equivalent

except for x = 4.
d. GRAPHICAL Graph the functions on the
3.

8-1 Multiplying and except for x = 4.
calculator. But f (x)Dividing Rational
is undefined Expressions
for f (4) and g(4) =
3.

59.REASONING Compare and contrast
except for x = 4. and(x 6)(x + 2).

ANSWER:
SOLUTION:
a. x 1 Sample answer: The two expressions are equivalent,
except that the rational expression is undefined at x =
b. 3.

ANSWER:
Sample answer: The two expressions are equivalent,
3.

60.CCSSCRITIQUETroy and Beverly are

simplifying Iseitherofthemcorrect?
Explain your reasoning.

c. f (4) results in an error because the function is
undefined at x = 4. g(4) = 3

d.

calculator. But f (x) is undefined for f (4) and g(4) =
3. SOLUTION:
Sample answer: Beverly; Troys mistake was
e . The expressions and functions are equivalent multiplying by the reciprocal of the dividend instead
except for x = 4. of the divisor.

ANSWER:
59.REASONING Compare and contrast
and(x 6)(x + 2). multiplying by the reciprocal of the dividend instead
of the divisor.

SOLUTION:
61.CHALLENGE Find the value that makes the
Sample answer: The two expressions are equivalent,
following statement true.
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3. Page 18

ANSWER:
ANSWER:
multiplying by the reciprocal of the dividend instead
2
of the divisor.and Dividing Rational Expressions
8-1 Multiplying x +x6

61.CHALLENGE Find the value that makes the 62.WHICH ONE DOESNT BELONG? Identify the
following statement true. expression that does not belong with the other three.

SOLUTION:

Therefore, the expression makesthe
statement true.

ANSWER:
2

x +x6
SOLUTION:
does not belong with the other three. The

62.WHICH ONE DOESNT BELONG? Identify the
expression that does not belong with the other three. other three expressions are rational expressions.
Since the denominator of isnotapolynomial,
isnotarationalexpression.

ANSWER:
does not belong with the other three. The

other three expressions are rational expressions.
isnotarationalexpression.
63.REASONING Determine whether the following

statement is sometimes, always, or never true.
SOLUTION: Explain your reasoning.
A rational function that has a variable in the
does not belong with the other three. The denominator is defined for all real values of x.
other three expressions are rational expressions.
Since the denominator of isnotapolynomial, SOLUTION:

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Sample answer: Sometimes; with a denominatorPage like19
2
isnotarationalexpression. x + 2, in which the denominator cannot equal 0, the
rational expression can be defined for all values of x.
ANSWER:
isnotarationalexpression. Sample answer:


63.REASONING Determine whether the following 65.WRITING IN MATH The rational expression
statement is sometimes, always, or never true.
Explain your reasoning. issimplifiedto Explainwhythisnew
A rational function that has a variable in the expression is not defined for all values of x.
denominator is defined for all real values of x.

SOLUTION:
SOLUTION:
Sample answer: When the original expression was
Sample answer: Sometimes; with a denominator like simplified, a factor of x was taken out of the
2
x + 2, in which the denominator cannot equal 0, the denominator. If x were to equal 0, then this
rational expression can be defined for all values of x. expression would be undefined. So, the simplified
expression is also undefined for x.

ANSWER:
Sample answer: Sometimes; with a denominator like ANSWER:
2 Sample answer: When the original expression was
x + 2, in which the denominator cannot equal 0, the
rational expression can be defined for all values of x. simplified, a factor of x was taken out of the
denominator. If x were to equal 0, then this
expression would be undefined. So, the simplified
64.OPEN ENDED Write a rational expression that expression is also undefined for x.

simplifies to
66.SAT/ACT The Mason family wants to drive an
average of 250 miles per day on their vacation. On
SOLUTION: the first five days, they travel 220 miles, 300 miles,
210 miles, 275 miles, and 240 miles. How many miles
Sample answer: must they travel on the sixth day to meet their goal?

A 235 miles

ANSWER:
B 251 miles
Sample answer:
C 255 miles

D 275 miles
65.WRITING IN MATH The rational expression
issimplifiedto Explainwhythisnew E 315 miles

expression is not defined for all values of x.
SOLUTION:
Let x miles must they travel on the sixth day to meet
SOLUTION: their goal.
simplified, a factor of x was taken out of the

ANSWER:
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero So, they must travel 255 miles on the sixth day to
Page 20
meet their goal. The correct choice is C.

expression would be undefined. So, the simplified ANSWER:
expression is and
8-1 Multiplying also Dividing
undefinedRational
for x. Expressions C

66.SAT/ACT The Mason family wants to drive an 67.Which of the following equations gives the
average of 250 miles per day on their vacation. On relationship between N and T in the table?
the first five days, they travel 220 miles, 300 miles,
210 miles, 275 miles, and 240 miles. How many miles
must they travel on the sixth day to meet their goal?

A 235 miles
FT = 2 N

B 251 miles
G T = 4 3N
C 255 miles
H T = 3N + 1
D 275 miles
J T = 3N 2

E 315 miles
SOLUTION:
SOLUTION: The relationship between N and T in the table is
. The correct choice is J.
Let x miles must they travel on the sixth day to meet
their goal.
ANSWER:
J

68.A monthly cell phone plan costs $39.99 for up to 300

minutes and 20 cents per minute thereafter. Which of
the following represents the total monthly bill (in
dollars) to talk for x minutes if x is greater than 300?

So, they must travel 255 miles on the sixth day to A 39.99 + 0.20(300 - x)
meet their goal. The correct choice is C.

B 39.99 + 0.20(x - 300)
ANSWER:
C C 39.99 + 0.20x

D 39.99 + 20x
67.Which of the following equations gives the
relationship between N and T in the table?
SOLUTION:
If x > 300, then x - 300 represents the amount of
minutes beyond the time included in the initial
$39.99 charge. So, the total monthly bill (in dollars)

to talk for x minutes is represented by the expression
FT = 2 N
39.99 + 0.20(x - 300).
So, the correct choice is B.
G T = 4 3N
ANSWER:
H T = 3N + 1 B

J T = 3N 2
69.SHORT RESPONSE The area of a circle 6 meters Page 21
in diameter exceeds the combined areas of a circle 4
SOLUTION: meters in diameter and a circle 2 meters in diameter
So, the correct choice is B.
ANSWER: ANSWER:
B

69.SHORT RESPONSE The area of a circle 6 meters 70.ANTHROPOLOGY An anthropologist studying the
in diameter exceeds the combined areas of a circle 4 bones of a prehistoric person finds there is so little
meters in diameter and a circle 2 meters in diameter remaining Carbon-14 in the bones that instruments
by how many square meters? cannot measure it. This means that there is less than
0.5% of the amount of Carbon-14 the bones would
have contained when the person was alive. The half-
SOLUTION: life of Carbon-14 is 5760 years. How long ago did
Area of the circle of diameter 6 meters is square the person die?
meters.
Combined area of the circle of diameter 4 meters
and the circle of 2 meters in diameter is SOLUTION:
squaremeters.
Therefore, the area exceeds by square meters.

ANSWER:
70.ANTHROPOLOGY An anthropologist studying the

bones of a prehistoric person finds there is so little
remaining Carbon-14 in the bones that instruments Thus, the equation for the decay of Carbon-14 is
cannot measure it. This means that there is less than
.
0.5% of the amount of Carbon-14 the bones would
have contained when the person was alive. The half-
life of Carbon-14 is 5760 years. How long ago did Substitute 0.005a for y in the equation .
the person die?

SOLUTION:

Therefore, the person died more than 44,000 years
ago.

Thus, the equation for the decay of Carbon-14 is ANSWER:
. more than 44,000 years ago

Substitute 0.005a for y in the equation . Solve each equation. Round to the nearest ten
thousandth.

x
71.3e + 1 = 5

SOLUTION:

ANSWER: ANSWER:
more than 44,000
8-1 Multiplying years ago Rational Expressions
and Dividing 0.6931

Solve each equation. Round to the nearest ten 4x

73.3e + 11 = 2
thousandth.

x
71.3e + 1 = 5 SOLUTION:

SOLUTION:

ANSWER:
0.2747

ANSWER: 3x
0.2877 74.8 + 3e = 26

SOLUTION:
x
72.2e 1 = 0]

SOLUTION:

ANSWER:
0.5973

ANSWER: 75.NOISE ORDINANCE A proposed city ordinance

0.6931 will make it illegal in a residential area to create
sound that exceeds 72 decibels during the day and 55
decibels during the night. How many times as intense
4x
73.3e + 11 = 2 is the noise level allowed during the day as at night?

SOLUTION: SOLUTION:
The loudness L, in decibels, of a sound is
, where I is the intensity of the sound
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero and m is the minimum intensity of sound detectable
Page 23
by the human ear.
Substitute 72 for L, m = 1 in .
ANSWER:
1.7
ANSWER: 10 or about 50 times
0.5973

75.NOISE ORDINANCE A proposed city ordinance Simplify.

will make it illegal in a residential area to create
sound that exceeds 72 decibels during the day and 55 76.
decibels during the night. How many times as intense

is the noise level allowed during the day as at night?
SOLUTION:
SOLUTION:
The loudness L, in decibels, of a sound is
, where I is the intensity of the sound
and m is the minimum intensity of sound detectable
by the human ear.
ANSWER:
Substitute 72 for L, m = 1 in .

77.

SOLUTION:
Now, substitute 55 for L, m = 1 in .

ANSWER:
78.

Therefore, the noise level allowed during the day is SOLUTION:
orabout50timesofthenoiselevelallowed
during the night.

ANSWER:
10
1.7
or about 50 times
ANSWER:

Simplify.

76. 79.

SOLUTION:

ANSWER: A polynomial function that represents the volume of
8-1 Multiplying and Dividing Rational Expressions the cargo space is .

b. Substitute 55296 for V in the equation
79. .

SOLUTION:

ANSWER:
So, h = 32 is a root of the equation
.

The depressed polynomial is .
80.AUTOMOBILES The length of the cargo space in Therefore, .
a sport-utility vehicle is 4 inches greater than the

height of the space. The width is 16 inches less than
Use the Quadratic formula to find the roots of
twice the height. The cargo space has a total volume
of 55,296 cubic inches. .

a. Write a polynomial function that represents the
volume of the cargo space.

b. Will a package 34 inches long, 44 inches wide, and
34 inches tall fit in the cargo space? Explain.

Therefore, the other two roots of the equation
areimaginary.The
length of the space is 36 inches. The width of the
space is 48 inches. So, the package is too tall to fit.

ANSWER:
3 2
a. V = 2h 8h 64h
SOLUTION:
a. Let h be the height of the cargo space. Therefore, b. No; the dimensions of the space are =36in.,w
the length of the space is (h + 4) and the width of the = 48 in., h = 32 in., so the package is too tall to fit.
space is (2h 16).

Simplify.

81.(2a + 3b) + (8a 5b)

SOLUTION:

A polynomial function that represents the volume of
the cargo space is . ANSWER:
10a 2b
b. Substitute 55296 for V in the equation
.
2 2
82.(x 4x + 3) (4x + 3x 5)

a. V = 2h 8h 64h

b. No; the dimensions of the space are =36in.,w ANSWER:
= 48 in., h = 32
8-1 Multiplying andin.,Dividing
so the package is too
Rational tall to fit.
Expressions 6xy + 18x

Simplify. 85.(x + 6)(x + 3)

81.(2a + 3b) + (8a 5b)
SOLUTION:

SOLUTION:

ANSWER:
10a 2b ANSWER:
2
x + 9x + 18

2 2
82.(x 4x + 3) (4x + 3x 5)
2
86.(x + 1)(x 2x + 3)

SOLUTION:
SOLUTION:

ANSWER:
2
3x 7x + 8

2 2
83.(5y + 3y ) + (8y 6y ) ANSWER:
3 2
x x +x+3
SOLUTION:

ANSWER:
2
3y 3y

84.2x(3y + 9)

SOLUTION:

ANSWER:
6xy + 18x

85.(x + 6)(x + 3)

SOLUTION:

ANSWER:
8-2 Adding and Subtracting Rational Expressions 3y(y 3)(y 5)

Find the LCM of each set of polynomials. 3 2 2
4.x 6x 16x, x 4

2 3 3

1.16x, 8x y , 5x y
SOLUTION:
SOLUTION:

ANSWER:
x(x + 2)(x 2)(x 8)

ANSWER:
3 2
80x y

5.
2 3 4
2.7a , 9ab , 21abc

SOLUTION:
SOLUTION: The LCD is

ANSWER:
ANSWER:
2 3 4
63a b c

2 2
3.3y 9y, y 8y + 15
6.
SOLUTION:
SOLUTION:
The LCD is

ANSWER:
3y(y 3)(y 5)

eSolutions
3 Manual
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4.x 6x 16x, x 4

ANSWER:
ANSWER:
8-2 Adding
and Subtracting Rational Expressions

6. 8.

SOLUTION: SOLUTION:
The LCD is The LCD is

ANSWER: ANSWER:
7. 9.
SOLUTION: SOLUTION:
The LCD is

The LCD is

ANSWER:

ANSWER:
8.

SOLUTION: 10.
The LCD is

SOLUTION:

Manual - Powered by Cognero
eSolutions Page 2

ANSWER:
ANSWER: ANSWER:
8-2 Adding and Subtracting Rational Expressions

10. 12.

SOLUTION: SOLUTION:

The LCD is

ANSWER:

ANSWER:

11.
13.GEOMETRY Find the perimeter of the rectangle.

SOLUTION:

The LCD is

SOLUTION:
The perimeter P of the rectangle is:

The LCD is
ANSWER:
12.

SOLUTION:
ANSWER: ANSWER:

13.GEOMETRY Find the perimeter of the rectangle. Simplify each expression.

14.

SOLUTION: SOLUTION:
The perimeter P of the rectangle is:

The LCD is

ANSWER:

ANSWER:
15.

SOLUTION:

14.

SOLUTION:

ANSWER:

ANSWER:
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero 16. Page 4

ANSWER: ANSWER:

Find the LCM of each set of polynomials.

16. 2 3 4 3
18.24cd, 40a c d , 15abd

SOLUTION:
SOLUTION:

ANSWER:
2 3 4
120a bc d

2 3
19.4x y , 18xy , 10xz
4 2
ANSWER:
SOLUTION:
17.

ANSWER:
SOLUTION:
2 4 2
180x y z

2 2
20.x 9x + 20, x + x 30

SOLUTION:

ANSWER:

ANSWER:
(x 4)(x 5)(x + 6)
Find the LCM of each set of polynomials.

2 3 4 3 2 2
18.24cd, 40a c d , 15abd 21.6x + 21x 12, 4x + 22x + 24

SOLUTION: SOLUTION:
ANSWER:
ANSWER:
(x 4)(xand
8-2 Adding 5)(x + 6)
Subtracting Rational Expressions

2 2
21.6x + 21x 12, 4x + 22x + 24 23.

SOLUTION:
SOLUTION:
The LCD is

ANSWER:
6(x + 4)(2x 1) (2x + 3)

CCSSPERSEVERANCESimplifyeach
expression. ANSWER:

22.

SOLUTION: 24.
The LCD is

SOLUTION:
The LCD is

ANSWER:
ANSWER:

23.
25.

SOLUTION:
SOLUTION:
The LCD is
eSolutions The LCD is Page 6

ANSWER: ANSWER:

25. 27.

SOLUTION: SOLUTION:
The LCD is The LCD is

ANSWER:
ANSWER:

28.
26.
SOLUTION:

SOLUTION:
The LCD is

The LCD is .

ANSWER:

ANSWER:
27.

SOLUTION:
29.
The Manual
eSolutions LCD is
- Powered by Cognero Page 7

ANSWER: ANSWER:

29. 30.

SOLUTION: SOLUTION:

The LCD is . The LCD is

ANSWER: ANSWER:
30. 31.

SOLUTION: SOLUTION:

The LCD is The LCD is .


ANSWER:
ANSWER:
ANSWER: ANSWER:

31. 32.

SOLUTION: SOLUTION:

The LCD is . The LCD is .

ANSWER:
ANSWER:

33.
32.

SOLUTION:
SOLUTION:

The LCD is .

The LCD is .

ANSWER:

ANSWER:
ANSWER: ANSWER:

34.BIOLOGY After a person eats something, the pH

33.
or acid level A of his or her mouth can be determined
by the formula wheret is the
SOLUTION: number of minutes that have elapsed since the food
was eaten.

a. Simplify the equation.

b. What would the acid level be after 30 minutes?

SOLUTION:
a. The LCD is .

The LCD is .

ANSWER:

b. Substitute t = 30 minutes in the expression for A.

34.BIOLOGY After a person eats something, the pH
or acid level A of his or her mouth can be determined
by the formula wheret is the
number of minutes that have elapsed since the food
was eaten.

a. Simplify the equation. ANSWER:

b. What would the acid level be after 30 minutes? a.

b.
SOLUTION:
a. The LCD is .
35.GEOMETRY Both triangles in the figure at the
right are equilateral. If the area of the smaller
triangle is 200 square centimeters and the area of the
larger triangle is 300 square centimeters, find the
minimum distance from A to B in terms of x and y
and simplify.

b. Substitute t = 30 minutes in the expression for A.
eSolutions
ANSWER:
a.
b.

35.GEOMETRY Both triangles in the figure at the Simplify each expression.

right are equilateral. If the area of the smaller
triangle is 200 square centimeters and the area of the
larger triangle is 300 square centimeters, find the
minimum distance from A to B in terms of x and y 36.
and simplify.

SOLUTION:

SOLUTION:
From the figure, the base length of the larger triangle
is x + 2y and the base length of the smaller triangle is
x.
The minimum distance from A to B is the sum of the
heights of the larger triangle and the smaller triangle.
The height of the larger triangle is
andtheheightofthesmaller
ANSWER:
triangle is
So, the distance between A and B is:

37.

SOLUTION:

ANSWER:

36.

ANSWER:
ANSWER:
8-2 Adding

37. 38.

SOLUTION: SOLUTION:

ANSWER:

ANSWER:
38.

SOLUTION:
39.

SOLUTION:

ANSWER: ANSWER:

ANSWER:

b. Substitute x = 50 in R(x).
39.

SOLUTION:

Therefore, the rate of oil pumping from the well in 50
years is about 1730 barrels per year.

ANSWER:
ANSWER: a.

b. about 1730 barrels/yr

40.OIL PRODUCTION Managers of an oil company
have estimated that oil will be pumped from a certain Find the LCM of each set of polynomials.
well at a rate based on the function
4 4 2 3 5 3
41.12xy , 14x y , 5xyz , 15x y
whereR(x) is the rate of

production in thousands of barrels per year x years
SOLUTION:
after pumping begins.

a. Simplify R(x).

b. At what rate will oil be pumping from the well in
50 years?

SOLUTION:
a. ANSWER:
2 2 2 4 3
42.6abc , 18a b , 15a c, 8b

SOLUTION:

eSolutions Page 13
b. Substitute x = 50 in R(x).

ANSWER:
ANSWER:
8-2 Adding and Subtracting Rational Expressions (x + 3)(x 3) (x 8)(3x 1)

2 2 2 4 3 Simplify each expression.
42.6abc , 18a b , 15a c, 8b

SOLUTION: 45.

SOLUTION:
The LCD is

ANSWER:
4 3 2
360a b c

2 2 2 ANSWER:
43.x 3x 28, 2x + 9x + 4, x 16

SOLUTION:

46.

SOLUTION:
ANSWER: The LCD is
(x + 4)(x 4) (2x + 1)(x 7)

2 2 2
44.x 5x 24, x 9, 3x + 8x 3

SOLUTION:

ANSWER:

ANSWER:
(x + 3)(x 3) (x 8)(3x 1)
47.

SOLUTION:
45.

SOLUTION:

ANSWER: ANSWER:

47. 48.

SOLUTION: SOLUTION:

The LCD is The LCD is .

ANSWER: ANSWER:
48. 49.

SOLUTION: SOLUTION:

The LCD is .
The LCD is .

ANSWER:
ANSWER:
ANSWER:
ANSWER:
8-2 Adding and Subtracting Rational Expressions 0

49. 50.

SOLUTION: SOLUTION:

The LCD is .
The LCD is .

ANSWER:
ANSWER:
0

50.

SOLUTION: 51.

SOLUTION:

The LCD is .

ANSWER:

ANSWER:
ANSWER: ANSWER:

53.GEOMETRY An expression for the length of one

51. rectangle is Thelengthofasimilarrectangle
is expressed as Whatisthescalefactorof
SOLUTION: the two rectangles? Write in simplest form.

SOLUTION:
Divide the expressions to find the scale factor.

ANSWER:

That is, the scale factor is

ANSWER:
52. (x 3)(x + 2) to 1

54.CCSSMODELINGCameron is taking a 20-mile

kayaking trip. He travels half the distance at one
SOLUTION: rate. The rest of the distance he travels 2 miles per
hour slower.

a. If x represents the faster pace in miles per hour,
write an expression that represents the time spent at
that pace.

b. Write an expression for the amount of time spent
at the slower pace.

c. Write an expression for the amount of time
ANSWER:
Cameron needed to complete the trip.

SOLUTION:

a.
53.GEOMETRY An expression for the length of one

rectangle is Thelengthofasimilarrectangle
b.
is expressed as Whatisthescalefactorof
the two rectangles? Write in simplest form. c.

ANSWER: c.
(x 3)(xand
8-2 Adding + 2)Subtracting
to 1 Rational Expressions

54.CCSSMODELINGCameron is taking a 20-mile Find the slope of the line that passes through
kayaking trip. He travels half the distance at one each pair of points.
rate. The rest of the distance he travels 2 miles per
hour slower.
55.
a. If x represents the faster pace in miles per hour,
write an expression that represents the time spent at
that pace. SOLUTION:

b. Write an expression for the amount of time spent

at the slower pace.

c. Write an expression for the amount of time
Cameron needed to complete the trip.

SOLUTION:
a.

b.

c.
ANSWER:
56.

SOLUTION:
ANSWER:

a.

b.

c.
Find the slope of the line that passes through

each pair of points.
eSolutions Page 18
55. ANSWER:
ANSWER:
ANSWER:
8-2 Adding and Subtracting Rational Expressions 1

56. 58.
SOLUTION: SOLUTION:
ANSWER:
1
ANSWER:
59.PHOTOGRAPHY The focal length of a lens

establishes the field of view of the camera. The

shorter the focal length is, the larger the field of
view. For a camera with a fixed focal length of 70
57. mm to focus on an object x mm from the lens, the
film must be placed a distance y from the lens. This

is represented by
SOLUTION:

a. Express y as a function of x.

b. What happens to the focusing distance when the
object is 70 mm away?

SOLUTION:
a.

ANSWER:
1


58. b. Sample answer: When the object is 70 mm away,
y needs to be 0, which is impossible.

ANSWER: b. Sample answer: When the object is 70 mm away,
1
8-2 Adding and Subtracting Rational Expressions y needs to be 0, which is impossible.

59.PHOTOGRAPHY The focal length of a lens 60.PHARMACOLOGY Two drugs are administered
establishes the field of view of the camera. The to a patient. The concentrations in the bloodstream of
shorter the focal length is, the larger the field of
view. For a camera with a fixed focal length of 70 each are given by and
mm to focus on an object x mm from the lens, the
film must be placed a distance y from the lens. This wheret is the time, in hours, after
is represented by the drugs are administered.

a. Add the two functions together to determine a
a. Express y as a function of x. function for the total concentration of drugs in the
patients bloodstream.
b. What happens to the focusing distance when the
object is 70 mm away? b. What is the concentration of drugs after 8 hours?

SOLUTION: SOLUTION:
a. a. The total concentration of drugs in the patients
bloodstream is:

b. Sample answer: When the object is 70 mm away,
b. Substitute t = 8 in the expression for h(t).
The concentration of drugs after 8 hours is:
ANSWER:
a.

b. Sample answer: When the object is 70 mm away,

ANSWER:
60.PHARMACOLOGY Two drugs are administered a.

to a patient. The concentrations in the bloodstream of

each are given by and b. about 0.19

wheret is the time, in hours, after
61.DOPPLER EFFECT Refer to the application at the
the drugs are administered. beginning of the lesson. George is equidistant from
two fire engines traveling toward him from opposite
a. Add the two functions together to determine a directions.
function for the total concentration of drugs in the
patients
eSolutions bloodstream.
Manual - Powered by Cognero a. Let x be the speed of the faster fire engine and y 20
Page
be the speed of the slower fire engine. Write and
b. What is the concentration of drugs after 8 hours? simplify a rational expression representing the

61.DOPPLER EFFECT Refer to the application at the According to George, the difference in their pitches
beginning of the lesson. George is equidistant from is about 55.2 Hz.
two fire and
8-2 Adding engines traveling toward
Subtracting himExpressions
Rational from opposite
directions.
ANSWER:
a. Let x be the speed of the faster fire engine and y
be the speed of the slower fire engine. Write and a.
simplify a rational expression representing the

difference in pitch between the two sirens according
to George. b. about 55.2 Hz

b. If one is traveling at 45 meters per second and the
62.RESEARCH A student studying learning behavior
other is traveling at 70 meters per second, what is the
performed an experiment in which a rat was
difference in their pitches according to George? The
repeatedly sent through a maze. It was determined
speed of sound in air is 332 meters per second, and
that the time it took the rat to complete the maze
both engines have a siren with a pitch of 500 Hz.
followed the rational function where
SOLUTION: x represented the number of trials.
a. Doppler effect of the faster fire engine is
a. What is the domain of the function?
represented by the rational expression .
b. Graph the function for
Doppler effect of the slower fire engine is
c. Make a table of the function for x = 20, 50, 100,
represented by the rational expression . 200, and 400.

d. If it were possible to have an infinite number of
trials, what do you think would be the rats best time?

SOLUTION:
a. Domain:

b.

b. Substitute x = 70, y = 45, S 0 = 332, and P0 = 500
in the expression .

c.

According to George, the difference in their pitches
is about 55.2 Hz.

ANSWER: d. Sample answer: 4; The fraction approaches 0 as x
approaches infinity; 4 + 0 = 4.
a.
ANSWER:
b. about 55.2 Hz
a. x0

d. Sample answer: 4; The fraction approaches 0 as x
8-2 Adding and Subtracting Rationalapproaches
Expressions approaches infinity; 4 + 0 = 4.
d. Sample answer: 4; The fraction 0 as x


ANSWER: 63.CHALLENGE Simplify
a. x0

b.
SOLUTION:

c.

d. Sample answer: 4; The fraction approaches 0 as x

63.CHALLENGE Simplify
ANSWER:

SOLUTION:
64.CCSSARGUMENTSThe sum of any two

rational numbers is always a rational number. So,
the set of rational numbers is said to be closed
under addition. Determine whether the set of
rational expressions is closed under addition,
subtraction, multiplication, and division by a nonzero
rational expression. Justify your reasoning.

SOLUTION:
Sample answer: The set of rational expressions is
closed under all of these operations because the sum,
difference, product, and quotient of two rational
expressions is a rational expression.



ANSWER:
ANSWER:
4 2 6
8-2 Adding and Subtracting Rational Expressions Sample answer: 20a b c, 15ab , 9abc

64.CCSSARGUMENTSThe sum of any two 66.WRITING IN MATH Write a how-to manual for
rational numbers is always a rational number. So, adding rational expressions that have unlike
the set of rational numbers is said to be closed denominators.
under addition. Determine whether the set of
rational expressions is closed under addition, SOLUTION:
subtraction, multiplication, and division by a nonzero Sample answer: First, factor the denominators of all
rational expression. Justify your reasoning. of the expressions. Find the LCD of the
denominators. Convert each expression so they all
have the LCD. Add or subtract the numerators.
SOLUTION:
Then simplify. It is the same.
difference, product, and quotient of two rational ANSWER:
expressions is a rational expression. Sample answer: First, factor the denominators of all
of the expressions. Find the LCD of the
ANSWER:
Sample answer: The set of rational expressions is Then simplify. It is the same.
difference, product, and quotient of two rational
expressions is a rational expression. 67.PROBABILITY A drawing is to be held to select
the winner of a new bike. There are 100 seniors, 150
juniors, and 200 sophomores who had correct entries.
65.OPEN ENDED Write three monomials with an The drawing will contain 3 tickets for each senior
4 6
LCM of 180a b c. name, 2 for each junior, and 1 for each sophomore.
What is the probability that a seniors ticket will be
chosen?
SOLUTION:
4 2 6
Sample answer: 20a b c, 15ab , 9abc
A

ANSWER:
4 2 6 B
Sample answer: 20a b c, 15ab , 9abc

66.WRITING IN MATH Write a how-to manual for C
adding rational expressions that have unlike
denominators.
D
SOLUTION:
Sample answer: First, factor the denominators of all
of the expressions. Find the LCD of the SOLUTION:
denominators. Convert each expression so they all Number of senior tickets = 100(3) or 300.
have the LCD. Add or subtract the numerators. Number of junior tickets = 150(2) or 300.
Then simplify. It is the same. Number of sophomore tickets = 200(1) or 200.

ANSWER:
Sample answer: First, factor the denominators of all
denominators.
eSolutions Convert
Manual - Powered each expression so they all
by Cognero Page 23
Then simplify. It is the same.
have the LCD. Add or subtract the numerators. ANSWER:
Then simplify.
8-2 Adding It is the same.
and Subtracting Rational Expressions D

67.PROBABILITY A drawing is to be held to select 68.SHORT RESPONSE Find the area of the figure.
the winner of a new bike. There are 100 seniors, 150
juniors, and 200 sophomores who had correct entries.
The drawing will contain 3 tickets for each senior
name, 2 for each junior, and 1 for each sophomore.
What is the probability that a seniors ticket will be
chosen?

A

SOLUTION:
B

C

D

ANSWER:
SOLUTION:
Number of senior tickets = 100(3) or 300.
Number of junior tickets = 150(2) or 300.
Number of sophomore tickets = 200(1) or 200.
69.SAT/ACT If Mauricio receives b books in addition
to the number of books he had, he will have t times
as many as he had originally. In terms of b and t,
how many books did Mauricio have at the beginning?

F

G

So, the correct choice is D.
H
ANSWER:
D J

68.SHORT RESPONSE Find the area of the figure. K

SOLUTION:
Let x be the number of books he had originally.

Therefore,

SOLUTION:

ANSWER:

69.SAT/ACT If Mauricio receives b books in addition

to the number of books he had, he will have t times 70.If thena = ___.
as many as he had originally. In terms of b and t,
how many books did Mauricio have at the beginning?
A
F

B
G

H C

J D2

K SOLUTION:

SOLUTION:
Let x be the number of books he had originally.

Therefore,

The correct choice is B.

The correct choice is F.
ANSWER:
ANSWER:
B
F

70.If thena = ___.
71.
A
SOLUTION:
B

C
ANSWER:
D2

SOLUTION:
72.

ANSWER: ANSWER:
B
8-2 Adding and Subtracting Rational Expressions 6y(x y)

73.
71.
SOLUTION:
Flip the second expression and multiply.
SOLUTION:

ANSWER:

ANSWER:
(n + 3)(n 6)
72.
74.BIOLOGY Bacteria usually reproduce by a process
SOLUTION: known as binary fission. In this type of
reproduction, one bacterium divides, forming two
bacteria. Under ideal conditions, some bacteria
reproduce every 20 minutes.

a. Find the constant k for this type of bacterium
under ideal conditions.

b. Write the equation for modeling the exponential
growth of this bacterium.
ANSWER:
6y(x y) SOLUTION:

a. Substitute 2 for y, 1 for a, 20 for t in the equation
.
73.

SOLUTION:

b. Substitute k = 0.0347 in the equation .


a. about 0.0347
ANSWER:
6)Subtracting Rational Expressions
(n + 3)(nand
8-2 Adding b. y = ae0.0347t

74.BIOLOGY Bacteria usually reproduce by a process Graph each function. State the domain and
known as binary fission. In this type of range of each function.
reproduction, one bacterium divides, forming two
bacteria. Under ideal conditions, some bacteria 75.
reproduce every 20 minutes.

a. Find the constant k for this type of bacterium SOLUTION:
under ideal conditions.

b. Write the equation for modeling the exponential
growth of this bacterium.

SOLUTION:
a. Substitute 2 for y, 1 for a, 20 for t in the equation
.

ANSWER:

b. Substitute k = 0.0347 in the equation .

ANSWER:
a. about 0.0347
76.
0.0347t
b. y = ae

SOLUTION:
Graph each function. State the domain and
range of each function.

75.

SOLUTION:

ANSWER:
8-2 Adding

76. 77.

SOLUTION: SOLUTION:
ANSWER: ANSWER:
77. 78.

SOLUTION: SOLUTION:

ANSWER: ANSWER:


78. 79.

SOLUTION: SOLUTION:
ANSWER: ANSWER:

80.
79.

SOLUTION:
SOLUTION:

ANSWER:
ANSWER:



80. Solve each equation. State the number and type

of roots.

SOLUTION: 81.3x + 8 = 0

SOLUTION:

There is only one real root.

ANSWER:

; 1 real
ANSWER:
2
82.2x 5x + 12 = 0

SOLUTION:
Use the quadratic formula.

Solve each equation. State the number and type

of roots.
There are two imaginary roots.
81.3x + 8 = 0

ANSWER:
SOLUTION:

3
83.x + 9x = 0

There is only one real root. SOLUTION:

ANSWER:
;Manual
eSolutions 1 real- Powered by Cognero Page 30

There is one real root and two imaginary roots.

ANSWER:
ANSWER:
8-2 Adding and Subtracting Rational Expressions 3, 3, 3i, and 3i; 2 real, 2 imaginary

3 Graph each function.
83.x + 9x = 0

2
85.y = 4(x + 3) + 1
SOLUTION:

SOLUTION:

There is one real root and two imaginary roots.
ANSWER:
0, 3i, 3i; 1 real, 2 imaginary

4
84.x 81 = 0
ANSWER:
SOLUTION:

There are two real roots and two imaginary roots.

ANSWER:
3, 3, 3i, and 3i; 2 real, 2 imaginary
2
86.y = (x 5) 3

Graph each function.
SOLUTION:
2
85.y = 4(x + 3) + 1

SOLUTION:

ANSWER:

ANSWER:

8-2 Adding

2
86.y = (x 5) 3 87.

SOLUTION:
SOLUTION:

ANSWER:
ANSWER:
87. 88.

SOLUTION: SOLUTION:

ANSWER: ANSWER:

2

2
89.y = x + 6x + 2
88.

SOLUTION:
SOLUTION:

ANSWER:
ANSWER:

2
2 90.y = x 8x + 18
89.y = x + 6x + 2

SOLUTION:
SOLUTION:
ANSWER: ANSWER:

2
90.y = x 8x + 18

2
90.y = x 8x + 18

SOLUTION:

ANSWER:

ANSWER:
x = 1, f (x) = 0; D = {x | x 1}R={f (x) | f (x)
0}
8-3 Graphing Reciprocal Functions
Identify the asymptotes, domain, and range of

each function.

2.

1. SOLUTION:
Vertical Asymptote:
SOLUTION:
The vertical asymptote is
Horizontal Asymptote:

The horizontal asymptote is f (x) = 0.

Domain: D = {x | x 1}
Range: R = {f (x) | f (x) 0}

ANSWER: The degrees of the numerator and the denominator
are same. Therefore, the horizontal asymptote is f (x)
x = 1, f (x) = 0; D = {x | x 1}R={f (x) | f (x)
= 1.
0}

Domain: D = {x | x 2};
Range: R = {f (x) | f (x) 1}

ANSWER:
x = 2, f (x) = 1; D = {x | x 2}; R = {f (x) | f (x)
1}

2. Graph each function. State the domain and
range.
SOLUTION:
Vertical Asymptote: 3.

SOLUTION:
Horizontal Asymptote:

The degrees of the numerator and the denominator
ANSWER:

x = 2, f (x) = 1; D = {x | x 2}; R = {f (x) | f (x)
1}


range. 4.

3. SOLUTION:

SOLUTION:

ANSWER:

ANSWER:

5.

SOLUTION:
4.

SOLUTION:

ANSWER:

ANSWER:

SOLUTION:
a.

5. b.

SOLUTION:

c. In this situation, the range and domain are limited
to all real numbers greater than zero because
negative values do not make sense.

ANSWER:
ANSWER: a.

b.

6.CCSS SENSE-MAKINGA group of friends plans c. In this situation, the range and domain are limited
to get their youth group leader a gift certificate for a to all real numbers greater than zero because
day at a spa. The certificate costs $150. negative values do not make sense.

a. If c represents the cost for each friend and f
represents the number of friends, write an equation Identify the asymptotes, domain, and range of
to represent the cost to each friend as a function of each function.
how many friends give.

b. Graph the function.

c. Explain any limitations to the range or domain in
this situation.

SOLUTION: 7.

a.
SOLUTION:

Asymptotes: Page 3
b.

c. In this situation, the range and domain are limited ANSWER:
to all real numbers greater than zero because x = 0, f (x) = 3; D = {x | x 0}R={f (x) | f (x)
negative values
8-3 Graphing do not Functions
Reciprocal make sense. 3}

Identify the asymptotes, domain, and range of

each function.

9.

7. SOLUTION:
Asymptotes:
The graph is translated 6 units left and 2 units down.
SOLUTION: Therefore, the asymptotes are x = 6 and f (x) = 2.
Asymptotes:
Range: R = {f (x) | f (x) 2};
Range: R = {f (x) | f (x) 0}
ANSWER:
ANSWER: x = 6, f (x) = 2; D = {x | x 6}; R = {f (x) | f (x)
x = 4, f (x) = 0; D = {x | x 4}; R = {f (x) | f (x) 2}
0}

10.

8.
SOLUTION:
Asymptotes:
SOLUTION: The graph is translated 1 unit right and 5 units up.
Asymptotes: Therefore, the asymptotes are x = 1 and f (x) = 5.
The graph is translated 3 units down. Therefore, the
asymptotes are x = 0 and f (x) = 3. Domain: D = {x | x 1}
Range: R = {f (x) | f (x) 5}
Range: R = {f (x) | f (x) 3};
ANSWER:
x = 1, f (x) = 5; D = {x | x 1}R={f (x) | f (x)
ANSWER:
5}
x = 0, f (x) = 3; D = {x | x 0}R={f (x) | f (x)
3}
range.


ANSWER:

x = 1, f (x) = 5; D = {x | x 1}R={f (x) | f (x)
D = {x | x 0}R={f (x) | f (x) 0}
5}


range. 12.

11. SOLUTION:

SOLUTION:

D = {x | x 2}; R = {f (x) | f (x) 0}

D = {x | x 0}R={f (x) | f (x) 0} ANSWER:

ANSWER:

D = {x | x 2}; R = {f (x) | f (x) 0}

D = {x | x 0}R={f (x) | f (x) 0}
13.

12. SOLUTION:

SOLUTION:

D = {x | x 6}R={f (x) | f (x) 0}

D = {x | x 2}; R = {f (x) | f (x) 0} ANSWER:
eSolutions Page 5
ANSWER:

2}; R = Functions
D = {x | x Reciprocal
8-3 Graphing {f (x) | f (x) 0} D = {x | x 6}R={f (x) | f (x) 0}

13. 14.

SOLUTION: SOLUTION:

D = {x | x 6}R={f (x) | f (x) 0} D = {x | x 0}R={f (x) | f (x) 5}

ANSWER: ANSWER:


14. 15.

SOLUTION: SOLUTION:

D = {x | x 0}R={f (x) | f (x) 3}
D = {x | x 0}R={f (x) | f (x) 5}

ANSWER:
ANSWER:

0}R={fFunctions
8-3 Graphing (x) | f (x) 5} D = {x | x 0}R={f (x) | f (x) 3}

15. 16.

SOLUTION: SOLUTION:


ANSWER: ANSWER:


16. 17.

SOLUTION: SOLUTION:


ANSWER: ANSWER:

0}R={fFunctions
8-3 Graphing (x) | f (x) 0} D = {x | x 5}R={f (x) | f (x) 0}

17. 18.

SOLUTION: SOLUTION:


ANSWER: ANSWER:

D = {x | x 5}R={f (x) | f (x) 0}
D = {x | x 7}R={f (x) | f (x) 8}

18.
19.

SOLUTION:
SOLUTION:

D = {x | x 7}R={f (x) | f (x) 8} D = {x | x 3}; R = {f (x) | f (x) 6}

ANSWER: ANSWER:

7}R={fFunctions
8-3 Graphing (x) | f (x) 8} D = {x | x 3}; R = {f (x) | f (x) 6}

19. 20.

SOLUTION: SOLUTION:

D = {x | x 3}; R = {f (x) | f (x) 6} D = {x | x 3}; R = {f (x) | f (x) 0}

ANSWER: ANSWER:


20. 21.
SOLUTION: SOLUTION:


ANSWER: ANSWER:

3}; R = Functions
8-3 Graphing {f (x) | f (x) 0} D = {x | x 4}; R = {f (x) | f (x) 2}

21. 22.

SOLUTION: SOLUTION:

D = {x | x 4}; R = {f (x) | f (x) 2} D = {x | x 2}R={f (x) | f (x) 2}

ANSWER: ANSWER:

D = {x | x 4}; R = {f (x) | f (x) 2} D = {x | x 2}R={f (x) | f (x) 2}

23.CYCLING Marinas New Years resolution is to

22. ride her bike 5000 miles.

a. If m represents the mileage Marina rides each day
SOLUTION: and d represents the number of days, write an
equation to represent the mileage each day as a
function of the number of days that she rides.


c. If she rides her bike every day of the year, how
many miles should she ride each day to meet her
goal?

D = {x | x 2}R={f (x) | f (x) 2} SOLUTION:
a. An equation to represent the mileage each day as
ANSWER: a function of the number of days is .

b.
a. Density of a liquid is found by dividing the mass by
SOLUTION: the volume. Write an equation to represent the
density of this unknown as a function of volume.'
a. An equation to represent the mileage each day as
a function of the number of days is . b. Graph the function.'

c. From the graph, identify the asymptotes, domain,
b.
and range of the function.'

SOLUTION:
a.

b.

c. Substitute d = 365 in the equation .

Therefore, she should ride about 13.7 miles each day c. Vertical asymptote is at v = 0. Horizontal
to meet her goal. asymptote is at d = 0.

ANSWER:
a.
ANSWER:
b.
a.

b.

c. 13.7 mi

24.CCSSMODELINGParker has 200 grams of an

unknown liquid. Knowing the density will help him c. v = 0, d = 0; D = {v | v 0}R={d | d 0}
discover what type of liquid this is.'

a. Density of a liquid is found by dividing the mass by Graph each function. State the domain and
the volume. Write an equation to represent the range.
density of this unknown as a function of volume.'

25.
b. Graph the function.'

c. From the graph, identify the asymptotes, domain,
SOLUTION:
and range of the function.'

D = {x | x 2}R={f (x) | f (x) 0}
c. v = 0, d Reciprocal
8-3 Graphing | v 0}R={d | d
= 0; D = {v Functions 0}


range. 26.

25. SOLUTION:

SOLUTION:

D = {x | x 0}R={f (x) | f (x) 0}

ANSWER:
D = {x | x 2}R={f (x) | f (x) 0}

ANSWER:

D = {x | x 0}R={f (x) | f (x) 0}

D = {x | x 2}R={f (x) | f (x) 0} 27.

SOLUTION:
26.

SOLUTION:

D= R={f (x) | f (x) 0}

D = {x | x 0}R={f (x) | f (x) 0} ANSWER:

ANSWER:

D= R={f (x) | f (x) 0}
0}R={fFunctions
8-3 Graphing (x) | f (x) 0}

27. 28.

SOLUTION: SOLUTION:

D= R={f (x) | f (x) 0}
D= R={f (x) | f (x) 0}

ANSWER:
ANSWER:

D= R={f (x) | f (x) 0}
D= R={f (x) | f (x) 0}

29.BASEBALL The distance from the pitchers mound
28. to home plate is 60.5 feet.

a. If r represents the speed of the pitch and t
SOLUTION: represents the time it takes the ball to get to the plate,
write an equation to represent the speed as a
function of time.


c. If a two-seam fastball reaches the plate in 0.48
second, what was its speed?

SOLUTION:
a. The equation to represent the speed as a function
D= R={f (x) | f (x) 0}
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero of time is . Page 13

ANSWER: b.
c. If a two-seam fastball reaches the plate in 0.48
second, what was its speed?

8-3 Graphing Reciprocal Functions c. 126 ft/s
SOLUTION:
a. The equation to represent the speed as a function
of time is . range, and identify the asymptotes.

b. 30.

SOLUTION:
Range: R = {f (x) | f (x) 1}
;
The graph is translated 7 units left and 1 unit down.
Therefore, the asymptotes are x = 7 and f (x) = 1.

c. Substitute t = 0.48 in the equation
.

The speed is about 126 ft/s.

ANSWER:
ANSWER:
a. D = {x | x 7}; R = {f (x) | f (x) 1}; x = 7, f
(x) = 1

b.

c. 126 ft/s

31.
range, and identify the asymptotes.
SOLUTION:
30.
Range: R = {f (x) | f (x) 5};

The graph is translated 2 units left and 5 units down.
SOLUTION: Therefore, the asymptotes are x = 2 and f (x) = 5.
Domain:
eSolutions D- =
Manual Powered 7};
{x | x by Cognero Page 14
Range: R = {f (x) | f (x) 1}
;
8-3 Graphing
Reciprocal Functions

31. 32.

SOLUTION: SOLUTION:
Domain: D = {x | x 2}; Domain: D = {x | x 1}
Range: R = {f (x) | f (x) 5}; Range: R = {f (x) | f (x) 2}

The graph is translated 2 units left and 5 units down. The graph is translated 1 unit right and 2 units up.
Therefore, the asymptotes are x = 2 and f (x) = 5. Therefore, the asymptotes are

ANSWER:
ANSWER:
D = {x | x 1}R={f (x) | f (x) 2}x = 1, f (x) =
D = {x | x 2}; R = {f (x) | f (x) 5}; x = 2, f 2
(x) = 5

33.
32.

SOLUTION:
SOLUTION:
Domain: D = {x | x 1} Range: R = {f (x) | f (x) 3}
Range: R = {f (x) | f (x) 2}
The graph is translated 4 units right and 3 units up.
The graph is translated 1 unit right and 2 units up. Therefore, the asymptotes are
Therefore, the asymptotes are



33. 34.

SOLUTION: SOLUTION:
Domain: D = {x | x 4} Domain: D = {x | x 8}
Range: R = {f (x) | f (x) 3} Range: R = {f (x) | f (x) 9};

The graph is translated 4 units right and 3 units up. The graph is translated 8 units right and 9 units down.
Therefore, the asymptotes are Therefore, the asymptotes are

ANSWER: ANSWER:
D = {x | x 4}R={f (x) | f (x) 3}x = 4, f (x) = D = {x | x 8}R={f (x) | f (x) 9}; x = 8, f (x) =
3 9

34.
35.

SOLUTION:
SOLUTION:
Range: R = {f (x) | f (x) 9};
Range: R = {f (x) | f (x) 8};

The graph is translated 8 units right and 9 units down.



c. How many miles does the car get per gallon if it
has a 15-gallon tank?

35. SOLUTION:
a. The equation to represent the miles to the gallon as

a function of tank size is .
SOLUTION:
Range: R = {f (x) | f (x) 8}; b.


c. Substitute t = 15 in the equation .
ANSWER:
D = {x | x 7}R={f (x) | f (x) 8}; x = 7, f (x) =
8

ANSWER:
a.

b.

36.AUTOMOBILES Lawandas car went 440 miles

on one tank of gas.

a. If g represents the number of miles to the gallon
that the car gets and t represents the size of the gas
tank, write an equation to represent the miles to the
gallon as a function of tank size.

c. mi/gal
c. How many miles does the car get per gallon if it
has a 15-gallon tank?

37.MULTIPLE REPRESENTATIONS Consider the
SOLUTION:
functions and
a. The equation to represent the miles to the gallon as

c. mi/gal

37.MULTIPLE REPRESENTATIONS Consider the
c. The positive portion of issimilartothe
functions and
graph of Positivevaluesofx produce
a. TABULAR Make a table of values comparing positive values of f (x). The negative portion of
the two functions.
appearstobeareflectionof
b. GRAPHICAL Use the table of values to graph
both functions. over the x-axis. Negative values of x

produce positive values of g (x).
c. VERBAL Compare and contrast the two graphs.

d. Sample answer: When n is even, the graph will
d. ANALYTICAL Make a conjecture about the show symmetry with respect to the y-axis. When the
difference between the graphs of functions of the n is odd, the graph will show symmetry with respect
form withanevenexponentinthe to the origin.

denominator and those with an odd exponent in the
denominator. ANSWER:
a.
SOLUTION:
a.

b.

b.


c. The positive portion of issimilartothe graph of Positivevaluesofx produce
positive values of f (x). The negative portion of

d. Without making a table of values, use what you
observed in parts a-c to sketch a graph of

SOLUTION:
a. The first graph has a vertical asymptote at x = 0
graph of Positivevaluesofx produce
and a horizontal asymptote at y = 0. The second
positive values of f (x). The negative portion of graph is translated 7 units up and has a vertical
asymptote at x = 0 and a horizontal asymptote at y =
appears to be a reflection of 7.

over the x-axis. Negative values of x b. Both graphs have a vertical asymptote at x = 0
produce positive values of g(x).
graph is stretched by a factor of 4.

d. Sample answer: When n is even, the graph will
c. The first graph has a vertical asymptote at x = 0
show symmetry with respect to the y-axis. When the
n is odd, the graph will show symmetry with respect
graph is translated 5 units to the left and has a
to the origin.
vertical asymptote at x = 5 and a horizontal
asymptote at y = 0.

38.OPEN ENDED Write a reciprocal function for
d.
which the graph has a vertical asymptote at x = 4
and a horizontal asymptote at f (x) = 6.

SOLUTION:
Sample answer:

ANSWER:
Sample answer:

ANSWER:
39.REASONING Compare and contrast the graphs of
each pair of equations.

graph is translated 7 units up and has a vertical
a. asymptote at x = 0 and a horizontal asymptote at y =
7.

b. Both graphs have a vertical asymptote at x = 0
b.
graph is stretched by a factor of 4.

c. c. The first graph has a vertical asymptote at x = 0
graph is translated 5 units to the left and has a
d. Without making a table of values, use what you vertical asymptote at x = 5 and a horizontal
observed in parts a-c to sketch a graph of asymptote at y = 0.

d.

SOLUTION:
graph is translated 5 units to the left and has a ANSWER:
vertical asymptote at x = 5 and a horizontal all other choices have unknowns only in the
asymptote Reciprocal
8-3 Graphing at y = 0. Functions denominator.

d.
41.CHALLENGE Write two different reciprocal
functions with graphs having the same vertical and
horizontal asymptotes. Then graph the functions.

SOLUTION:
Sample answer: and
40.CCSSARGUMENTSFind the function that does

not belong. Explain.

ANSWER:
Sample answer: and

SOLUTION:
all other choices have unknowns only

in the denominator.
42.WRITING IN MATH Refer to the beginning of

the lesson. Explain how rational functions can be
ANSWER: used in fundraising. Explain why only part of the
graph is meaningful in the context of the problem.
all other choices have unknowns only in the
denominator.
SOLUTION:
A rational function can be used to determine how
41.CHALLENGE Write two different reciprocal much each person needs to sell if the cost of the trip
functions with graphs having the same vertical and and the number of people going on the trip and selling
horizontal asymptotes. Then graph the functions. the candy is s. The number of people selling and the
number of bars sold per person must both be non-
negative they also must both be integers. So only the
SOLUTION: first quadrant part of the graph is meaningful inPage
the 20
context of the problem.
Sample answer: and

ANSWER:
8-3 Graphing Reciprocal Functions 4

42.WRITING IN MATH Refer to the beginning of 44.GRIDDED RESPONSE If x = 2y, y = 4z, 2z = w,

the lesson. Explain how rational functions can be
used in fundraising. Explain why only part of the and then = ___.
graph is meaningful in the context of the problem.

SOLUTION:
SOLUTION:
much each person needs to sell if the cost of the trip
and the number of people going on the trip and selling
the candy is s. The number of people selling and the
number of bars sold per person must both be non- ANSWER:
negative they also must both be integers. So only the 4
first quadrant part of the graph is meaningful in the

45.If and d > 1, then c could equal ___.
ANSWER:
much each person needs to sell if the cost of the trip A
and the number of people going on the trip and selling
the candy is s. The number of people selling and the
number of bars sold per person must both be non- B
negative they also must both be integers. So only the
first quadrant part of the graph is meaningful in the
C

43.SHORT RESPONSE What is the value of (x + y)
2 2 D
(x + y) if xy = 3 and x + y = 10?

SOLUTION: SOLUTION:
When d > 1, .

Therefore, the correct choice is B.

ANSWER: ANSWER:
4 B

44.GRIDDED RESPONSE If x = 2y, y = 4z, 2z = w, 46.SAT/ACT A car travels m miles at the rate of t
miles per hour. How many hours does the trip take?
and then = ___.
F
SOLUTION:
G

H mt
ANSWER:
4 J

ANSWER: ANSWER:
B
8-3 Graphing Reciprocal Functions B

46.SAT/ACT A car travels m miles at the rate of t 48.BUSINESS A small corporation decides that 8% of
miles per hour. How many hours does the trip take? its profits will be divided among its six managers.
There are two sales managers and four nonsales
managers. Fifty percent will be split equally among
F all six managers. The other 50% will be split among
the four nonsales managers. Let p represent the

profits.
G
a. Write an expression to represent the share of the
H mt profits each nonsales manager will receive.

J b. Simplify this expression.

c. Write an expression in simplest form to represent
K the share of the profits each sales manager will
receive.

SOLUTION:
SOLUTION:
a. The expression to represent the share of the
profits of each nonsales manager is

The correct choice is F.
b.
ANSWER:
F
47.If 1 < a < b < 0, then which of the following has the
greatest value?

Aab c. The expression to represent the share of the
profits of each sales manager will receive is
Bba
.

Ca+b

D 2b a
ANSWER:

SOLUTION: a.
The expression hasthegreatestvalue.
Therefore, the correct choice is B.
b.
ANSWER:
B c.

48.BUSINESS A small corporation decides that 8% of
its profits will be divided among its six managers. Simplifying each expression.
There are two sales managers and four nonsales
managers. Fifty percent will be split equally among
ANSWER:

c.

Simplifying each expression.

51.
49.

SOLUTION:

SOLUTION:

ANSWER:
ANSWER:
2p


range.
50.
x
52.y = 2(3)

SOLUTION: SOLUTION:
D = {x | x is all real numbers}, R = {y | y > 0}

ANSWER:
51.

SOLUTION:

ANSWER:

Graph each function. State the domain and x

53.y = 5(2)
range.

52.y = 2(3)
x SOLUTION:

SOLUTION:

ANSWER:

ANSWER:

x
54.y = 0.5(4)

SOLUTION:
x D = {x | x is all real numbers}, R = {y | y > 0}
53.y = 5(2)

SOLUTION:

ANSWER:

ANSWER:


x
54.y = 0.5(4)
55.

SOLUTION:
D = {x | x is all real numbers}, R = {y | y > 0} SOLUTION:

ANSWER:
D = {x | x is all real numbers}, R = {y | y > 0} ANSWER:

55.
Find (f + g)(x), (f - g)(x), (f g)(x), and

foreachf (x) and g(x).
SOLUTION:

56.

SOLUTION:

ANSWER:



Find (f + g)(x), (f - g)(x), (f g)(x), and

57.
foreachf (x) and g(x).

SOLUTION:
56.

SOLUTION:

ANSWER:

ANSWER:
58.

SOLUTION:
57.

SOLUTION:


59.GEOMETRY The width of a rectangular prism is w

58. centimeters. The height is 2 centimeters less than the
width. The length is 4 centimeters more than the
SOLUTION: width. If the volume of the prism is 8 times the
measure of the length, find the dimensions of the
prism.

SOLUTION:
ANSWER:

The width of the prism can not be negative. So, the
width of the prism is 4 cm. The dimensions of the
prism is
.
ANSWER:

59.GEOMETRY The width of a rectangular prism is w
centimeters. The height is 2 centimeters less than the Graph each polynomial function. Estimate the x-
width. The length is 4 centimeters more than the coordinates at which the relative maxima and
width. If the volume of the prism is 8 times the relative minima occur. State the domain and
measure of the length, find the dimensions of the range for each function.
prism.
3 2
60.f (x) = x + 2x 3x 5

SOLUTION:

SOLUTION:

.

ANSWER: Sample answer = rel. max. at x = 2, rel. min. at x =
0.5; D = {all real numbers}, R = {all real numbers}

Graph each polynomial function. Estimate the x- 4 2

61.f (x) = x 8x + 10
coordinates at which the relative maxima and
relative minima occur. State the domain and
range for each function. SOLUTION:

3 2
60.f (x) = x + 2x 3x 5

SOLUTION:

Sample answer = rel. max. at x = 0, rel. min. at x =
2 and at x = 2; D = {all real numbers}, R = {f (x)|f
(x) 6}

ANSWER:

ANSWER:

2 and at x = 2; D = {all real numbers}, R = {f (x)|f
(x) 6}


4 2
61.f (x) = x 8x + 10

SOLUTION:

8-4 Graphing Rational Functions

2.

1.
SOLUTION:

The vertical asymptote is at x = 2.
SOLUTION:

The vertical asymptotes are at x = 1 and x = 1.

ANSWER:

ANSWER:
3.CCSSREASONINGEduardo is a kicker for his

high school football team. So far this season, he has
made 7 out of 11 field goals. He would like to
improve his field goal percentage. If he can make x
consecutive field goals, his field goal percentage can
be determined using the function

a. Graph the function.

2. b. What part of the graph is meaningful in the
context of this problem?

SOLUTION: c. Describe the meaning of the intercept of the
The vertical asymptote is at x = 2. vertical axis.

d. What is the equation of the horizontal asymptote?
Explain its meaning with respect to Eduardos field
goal percentage.

SOLUTION:
63.6%.
c. Describe the meaning of the intercept of the
vertical axis. d. y = 1; this represents 100% which he cannot

8-4 Graphing Rational Functions achieve because he has already missed 4 field goals.
Explain its meaning with respect to Eduardos field
goal percentage. Graph each function.

SOLUTION: 4.
a.

SOLUTION:

b. the part in the first quadrant

c. It represents his original field goal percentage of The oblique asymptote is f (x) = 6x 3.
63.6%.

d. y = 1; this represents 100% which he cannot
achieve because he has already missed 4 field goals.

ANSWER:
a.

ANSWER:


c. It represents his original field goal percentage of
63.6%.

d. y = 1; this represents 100% which he cannot
achieve because he has already missed 4 field goals.

5.

SOLUTION:
4.

SOLUTION:
8-4 Graphing
Rational Functions

5. 6.

SOLUTION: SOLUTION:

Therefore, the graph of isthe

graph of withaholeatx = 1.

The oblique asymptote is f (x) = x + 6.

ANSWER:

ANSWER:

7.

6.
SOLUTION:

SOLUTION:

eSolutions Therefore, the graph of isthe
Page 3



7.

8.
SOLUTION:

SOLUTION:

graph of withaholeatx = 4. The vertical asymptote is at x = 2.

ANSWER:
ANSWER:

9.

8.
SOLUTION:

SOLUTION:

The Manual
eSolutions vertical asymptote
- Powered is at x
by Cognero = 2. Page 4

The vertical asymptote is at
8-4 Graphing
Rational Functions

9. 10.

SOLUTION: SOLUTION:


The vertical asymptote is at
.

ANSWER:

ANSWER:
11.

10.
SOLUTION:

SOLUTION:

The vertical asymptote is at .
The student council plans to sell the shirts, but each
of the 15 council members will get one for free.

8-4 Graphing Rational Functions a. Write a function for the average cost of a T-shirt
to be sold. Graph the function.

b. What is the average cost if 200 shirts are ordered?
11. if 500 shirts are ordered?

c. How many T-shirts must be ordered to bring the
SOLUTION: average cost under $9.75?

SOLUTION:
a.

b.


b. The average cost for 200 shirts is:

ANSWER:
The average cost for 500 shirts is:

c.
12.SCHOOL SPIRIT As president of Student Council,

Brandy is getting T-shirts made for a pep rally. Each The number of T-shirts ordered to bring the average
T-shirt costs $9.50, and there is a set-up fee of $75. cost under $9.75 is more than 885.
The student council plans to sell the shirts, but each
of the 15 council members will get one for free.
ANSWER:
a. Write a function for the average cost of a T-shirt a.
to be sold. Graph the function.

b. What is the average cost if 200 shirts are ordered?
if 500 shirts are ordered?

c. How many T-shirts must be ordered to bring the

b. $10.68; $9.95
ANSWER:

8-4 Graphing
a. Rational Functions c. more than 885


13.

SOLUTION:

b. $10.68; $9.95
The degrees of the numerator and denominator
c. more than 885 expressions are same. Therefore, the horizontal
asymptote is at y = 1.


13.

SOLUTION:

The vertical asymptote is at x = 2. ANSWER:

The degrees of the numerator and denominator
expressions are same. Therefore, the horizontal
asymptote is at y = 1.

14.

ANSWER: SOLUTION:

8-4 Graphing
Rational Functions

14. 15.

SOLUTION: SOLUTION:

The vertical asymptotes are at x = 1 and x = 4. The vertical asymptote is at x = 2.

The horizontal asymptote is at y = 0. The horizontal asymptote is at y = 0.

ANSWER: ANSWER:
15. 16.

SOLUTION: SOLUTION:


The horizontal asymptote is at y = 1.



16. 17.

SOLUTION: SOLUTION:


The horizontal asymptote is at y = 1. The vertical asymptote is at x = 4.


ANSWER:
ANSWER:

17.
18.
SOLUTION:
SOLUTION:


The horizontal asymptote is at y = 0. The vertical asymptotes are at x = 2 and x = 5.


18.

SOLUTION:


The oblique asymptote is .

ANSWER:

ANSWER:
19.

SOLUTION:
20.

The vertical asymptote is at x = 2. SOLUTION:


SOLUTION:

21.

SOLUTION:



The oblique asymptote is f (x) = x.

ANSWER:
ANSWER:
21.

SOLUTION: 22.

22.

SOLUTION:
23.

SOLUTION:




ANSWER:

ANSWER:

23.


ANSWER:
24.

SOLUTION:
24.

SOLUTION:



ANSWER:

ANSWER:
25.


25. 26.

SOLUTION: SOLUTION:
The vertical asymptote is at about x = 1.26. The vertical asymptote is at about x = 1.82.

The oblique asymptote is . The oblique asymptote is .

ANSWER: ANSWER:
27.CCSSPERSEVERANCEThe current in amperes

26. in an electrical circuit with three resistors in a series
is given by the equation whereV is
SOLUTION:
the voltage in volts in a the circuit and R1, R2, and R3
The vertical asymptote is at about x = 1.82.
are the resistances in ohms of the three resistors.

a. Let R1 be the independent variable, and let I be the
dependent variable. Graph the function if V = 120
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero volts, R2 = 25 ohms, and R3 = 75 ohms. Page 14

b. Give the equation of the vertical asymptote and
the voltage in volts in a the circuit and R1, R2, and R3 d.
are the resistances in ohms of the three resistors.

a. Let R1 be the independent variable, and let I be the

dependent variable. Graph the function if V = 120
volts, R2 = 25 ohms, and R3 = 75 ohms. ANSWER:
a.
b. Give the equation of the vertical asymptote and
the R1- and I-intercepts of the graph.

c. Find the value of I when the value of R1 is 140
ohms.

d. What domain and range values are meaningful in
the context of the problem?

SOLUTION:
a. b. R1 = 100; no R1-intercept; 1.2
Graph the function

c. 0.5 amperes

d.


28.

SOLUTION:

b. The vertical Asymptote is:
R1- Intercept: No graph of withaholeatx = 4.
I-intercept: 1.2

c. Substitute 140 for R1.

d.

ANSWER:
ANSWER:
a.
c. 0.5 amperes

d.


29.

28.
SOLUTION:

SOLUTION:
Therefore, the graph of isthe graph of withaholeatx = 2.


ANSWER:
ANSWER:

30.

29.
SOLUTION:

SOLUTION:
Therefore, the graph of isthegraph

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero of withaholeatx = 5. Page 16

30. 31.

SOLUTION: SOLUTION:
Therefore, the graph of isthegraph Therefore, the graph of isthegraph

of withaholeatx = 5. of withaholeatx = 8.

ANSWER: ANSWER:
31. 32.

SOLUTION: SOLUTION:

Therefore, the graph of isthegraph Therefore, the graph of isthe
eSolutions withaholeatx
of Manual - Powered by Cognero = 8. graph of Page 17
withtheholesatx = 4 and 2.


32. 33.

SOLUTION: SOLUTION:

Therefore, the graph of
isthegraphof
graph of withtheholesatx = 4 and 2.

ANSWER:
ANSWER:

33.
34.
SOLUTION:
SOLUTION:

Therefore, the graph of
isthegraphof

Therefore, the graph of is

34. 35.

SOLUTION: SOLUTION:
Therefore, the graph of is Therefore, the graph of is
the graph of withaholeatx = 1. the graph of withtheholesatx = 3 and

x = 1.

ANSWER:
ANSWER:

35. 36.BUSINESS Liam purchased a snow plow for $4500
and plows the parking lots of local businesses. Each
time he plows a parking lot, he incurs a cost of $50
SOLUTION: for gas and maintenance.

a. Write and graph the rational function representing
his average cost per customer as a function of the
number of parking lots.

b. What are the asymptotes of the graph?

Therefore, the graph of is c. Why is the first quadrant in the graph the only
for gas and maintenance.
ANSWER:
his averageRational
8-4 Graphing cost per Functions
customer as a function of the a.
number of parking lots.

b. What are the asymptotes of the graph?

c. Why is the first quadrant in the graph the only
relevant quadrant?

d. How many total parking lots does Liam need to
plow for his average cost per parking lot to be less
than $80?

SOLUTION:
b. x = 0 and f (x) = 50
a. Let x be the number of parking lots. Therefore, the

function that represents the average cost per
c. Sample answer: The number of parking lots and
customer is the average cost cannot be negative.

d. 150

37.FINANCIALLITERACYKristina bought a new

cell phone with Internet access. The phone cost
$150, and her monthly usage charge is $30 plus $10
for the Internet access.

her average monthly cost as a function of the number
of months Kristina uses the phone.
b. The vertical asymptote is x = 0 and the horizontal
asymptote is f (x) = 50. b. What are the asymptotes of the graph?

c. Sample answer: The number of parking lots and c. Why is the first quadrant in the graph the only
the average cost cannot be negative. relevant quadrant?

d. Substitute 80 for f (x). d. After how many months will the average monthly
charge be $45?

SOLUTION:
a. Let x be the number of months Kristina uses the
phone.

Therefore,thefunctionthatrepresentstheaverage
ANSWER:
monthly costs is
a.


b. x = 0 and f (x) = 40
Therefore,thefunctionthatrepresentstheaverage
8-4 Graphing Rational Functions c. Sample answer: The number of months and the
monthly costs is
average cost cannot have negative values.

d. 30

38.CCSS SENSE-MAKINGAlana plays softball for

Centerville High School. So far this season she has
gotten a hit 4 out of 12 times at bat. She is
determined to improve her batting average. If she
can get x consecutive hits, her batting average can
be determined using

a. Graph the function.

b. Vertical asymptote: x = 0

b. What part of the graph is meaningful in the

context of the problem?
Horizontal asymptote: f (x) = 40

c. Describe the meaning of the intercept of the
c. Sample answer: The number of months and the
vertical axis.

d. Substitute f (x) = 45.
Explain its meaning with respect to Alanas batting

average.

SOLUTION:
a.

ANSWER:
a.


c. It represents her original batting average of .333.

d. y = 1; This represents 100%, which she can never
achieve because she has already missed getting a hit
8 times.

b. x = 0 and f (x) = 40
ANSWER:
c. Sample answer: The number of months and the a.

d. 30Manual - Powered by Cognero
eSolutions Page 21

8 times. d. y = 1; This represents 100%, which she can never
8-4 Graphing Rational Functions 8 times.
ANSWER:
a.

39.

SOLUTION:


c. It represents her original batting average of .333. Therefore, the graph of isthe

d. y = 1; This represents 100%, which she can never graph of withtheholesatx = 1.
8 times.


39.

SOLUTION:

ANSWER:

graph of withtheholesatx = 1.

40.

SOLUTION:

ANSWER:

8-4 Graphing
Rational Functions

40. 41.

SOLUTION: SOLUTION:
Graph the function.


graph of withtheholesatx = 2.

ANSWER:

ANSWER:
42.OPEN ENDED Sketch the graph of a rational

function with a horizontal asymptote y = 1 and a
vertical asymptote x = 2.

SOLUTION:
Sample graph:
41.

SOLUTION:
Graph the function.


Sample graph:


42.OPEN ENDED Sketch the graph of a rational 43.CHALLENGE Compare and contrast
function with a horizontal asymptote y = 1 and a
vertical asymptote x = 2.
and f (x) shown.

SOLUTION:
Sample graph:

SOLUTION:
Similarities: Both have vertical asymptotes at x = 0.
Both approach 0 as x approaches -andapproach0
as x approaches.Differences:f (x) has holes at x =

1 and x = 1, while g(x) has vertical asymptotes at
ANSWER: and . f (x) has no zeros, but g
Sample graph: (x) has zeros at x = 1 and x = 1.

ANSWER:
Both approach 0 as x approaches -andapproach0
1 and x = 1, while g(x) has vertical asymptotes at
and . f (x) has no zeros, but g
(x) has zeros at x = 1 and x = 1.

44.REASONING What is the difference between the

graphs of f (x) = x 2 and
43.CHALLENGE Compare and contrast

and f (x) shown. SOLUTION:
The graph of g(x) has a hole in it at 3.

ANSWER:
The graph of g(x) has a hole in it at 3.

45.PROOF A rational function has an equation of the

form wherea(x) and b(x) are
SOLUTION:
polynomial functions and b(x) 0.Showthat
Both approach 0 as x approaches -andapproach0 isarationalfunction.
1 and x = 1, while g(x) has vertical asymptotes at Page 24
and . f (x) has no zeros, but g SOLUTION:

(x) has zeros at x = 1 and x = 1.
ANSWER:
ANSWER:
The graph Rational
8-4 Graphing of g(x) has a hole in it at 3.
Functions

45.PROOF A rational function has an equation of the 46.WRITING IN MATH How can factoring be used
to determine the vertical asymptotes or point
form wherea(x) and b(x) are discontinuity of a rational function?

polynomial functions and b(x) 0.Showthat
SOLUTION:
isarationalfunction.
Sample answer: By factoring the denominator of a
rational function and determining the values that
cause each factor to equal zero you can determine
SOLUTION: the asymptotes of a rational function. After factoring
the numerator and denominator of a rational function,
if there is a common factor x c, then there is point
discontinuity at x = c.
Find the common denominator.

ANSWER:
the asymptotes of a rational function. After factoring
Since a(x) and b(x) are polynomial functions, f (x) is if there is a common factor x c, then there is point
a rational function. discontinuity at x = c.

ANSWER: 47.PROBABILITY Of the 6 courses offered by the

music department at her school, Kaila must choose
exactly 2 of them. How many different combinations
of 2 courses are possible for Kaila if there are no
restrictions on which 2 courses she can choose?

46.WRITING IN MATH How can factoring be used A 48
to determine the vertical asymptotes or point
discontinuity of a rational function?
B 18

SOLUTION: C 15
rational function and determining the values that D 12
the numerator and denominator of a rational function, SOLUTION:
discontinuity at x = c.

ANSWER:
The correct choice is C.

cause each factor to equal zero you can determine ANSWER:
C
discontinuity
eSolutions at x = c.
48.The projected sales of a game cartridge is given by

the function whereS(p ) is the
if there is a common factor x c, then there is point ANSWER:
discontinuity
8-4 Graphing at x = c.Functions
Rational C

47.PROBABILITY Of the 6 courses offered by the 48.The projected sales of a game cartridge is given by
music department at her school, Kaila must choose
exactly 2 of them. How many different combinations the function whereS(p ) is the
of 2 courses are possible for Kaila if there are no number of cartridges sold, in thousands, p is the price
restrictions on which 2 courses she can choose? per cartridge, in dollars, and a is a constant.

A 48 If 100,000 cartridges are sold at $10 per cartridge,
how many cartridges will be sold at $20 per
B 18 cartridge?

C 15 F 20,000

D 12 G 50,000

H 60,000
SOLUTION:

J 150,000

SOLUTION:
The correct choice is C. Find the value of the constant a.

ANSWER:
C

48.The projected sales of a game cartridge is given by

Now,
the function whereS(p ) is the

number of cartridges sold, in thousands, p is the price
per cartridge, in dollars, and a is a constant.

If 100,000 cartridges are sold at $10 per cartridge,
how many cartridges will be sold at $20 per
cartridge?

The correct choice is H.
F 20,000

G 50,000 ANSWER:
H
H 60,000

J 150,000 49.GRIDDED RESPONSE Five distinct points lie in a
plane such that 3 of the points are on line and3of
the points are on a different line m. What is the total
SOLUTION: number of lines that can be drawn so that each line
Find the value of the constant a. passes through exactly 2 of these 5 points?

SOLUTION:

ANSWER: ANSWER:
H
8-4 Graphing Rational Functions 4

49.GRIDDED RESPONSE Five distinct points lie in a 50.GEOMETRY In the figure below, what is the value
plane such that 3 of the points are on line and3of of w + x + y + z?
the points are on a different line m. What is the total
number of lines that can be drawn so that each line
passes through exactly 2 of these 5 points?
SOLUTION:

A 140

B 280

C 320

From the figure, 4 lines that can be drawn so that D 360
each line passes through exactly 2 points.
SOLUTION:
By the Triangle Angle-Sum
ANSWER:
Theorem,
4

Therefore,
50.GEOMETRY In the figure below, what is the value
of w + x + y + z?

Now,

The correct choice B.
A 140

B 280 ANSWER:
B
C 320

D 360 Graph each function. State the domain and
range.

SOLUTION:
By the Triangle Angle-Sum 51.
Theorem,

SOLUTION:
Therefore,


ANSWER:
D = {x | x 2}, R = {f (x) | f (x) 0}
B


range. 52.

51. SOLUTION:

SOLUTION: The horizontal asymptote is at y = 3.


D = {x | x 1},R={f (x) | f (x) 3}

D = {x | x 2}, R = {f (x) | f (x) 0} ANSWER:

ANSWER:

D = {x | x 1},R={f (x) | f (x) 3}

D = {x | x 2}, R = {f (x) | f (x) 0} 53.

SOLUTION:
52. The vertical asymptote is at x = 6.

SOLUTION:



1},R={f
D = {x | x Rational
8-4 Graphing (x) | f (x)
Functions 3} D = {x | x 6}, R = {f (x) | f (x) 1}


53.
54.
SOLUTION:

SOLUTION:

The LCD is

ANSWER:
D = {x | x 6}, R = {f (x) | f (x) 1}

ANSWER:
55.

SOLUTION:

The LCD is .

D = {x | x 6}, R = {f (x) | f (x) 1}


54.
ANSWER:
SOLUTION:
56.
The LCD is

SOLUTION: Page 29

ANSWER:
ANSWER:


56.

58.
SOLUTION:
SOLUTION:

The LCD is

ANSWER:

ANSWER:
59.

57.
SOLUTION:

SOLUTION:

ANSWER:
The LCD is

60.

SOLUTION:

ANSWER:

ANSWER:

Simplify
eSolutions Manualeach expression.
- Powered by Cognero Page 30

ANSWER:
ANSWER:

62.TRAVEL Mr. and Mrs. Wells are taking their

60. daughter to college. The table shows their distances
from home after various amounts of time.

a. Find the average rate of change in their distances
SOLUTION: from home between 1 and 3 hours after leaving
home.

b. Find the average rate of change in their distances
from home between 0 and 5 hours after leaving
home.

ANSWER:
61.

SOLUTION:
SOLUTION: a. Average rate of change between 1 and 3 hours:

b. Average rate of change between 0 and 5 hours:

ANSWER:

ANSWER:
a. 55 mph
62.TRAVEL Mr. and Mrs. Wells are taking their
daughter to college. The table shows their distances
b. 45 mph
from home after various amounts of time.

a. Find the average rate of change in their distances
home.

b. Find the average rate of change in their distances
home.


ANSWER:
8-5 Variation Functions 32

1.If y varies directly as x and y = 12 when x = 8, find y 4.TRAVEL A map of Illinois is scaled so that 2 inches
when x = 14. represents 15 miles. How far apart are Chicago and
Rockford if they are 12 inches apart on the map?

SOLUTION:
Use a proportion that relates the values. SOLUTION:
Let x be the distance between Chicago and Rockford
in miles.

ANSWER:
21 Answer: 90 miles.

2.Suppose y varies jointly as x and z. Find y when x = ANSWER:

9 and z = 3, if y = 50 when z is 5 and x is 10. 90 mi

SOLUTION: 5.Suppose a varies directly as b, and a varies inversely
Use a proportion that relates the values. as c. Find b when a = 8 and c = 3, if b = 16 when c
= 2 and a = 4.

SOLUTION:
Use a proportion that relates the values.

ANSWER:
27

3.If y varies inversely as x and y = 18 when x = 16,
find x when y = 9. ANSWER:
48

SOLUTION:
Use a proportion that relates the values. 6.Suppose d varies directly as f , and d varies inversely
as g. Find g when d = 6 and f = 7, if g = 12 when d
= 9 and f = 3.

SOLUTION:

ANSWER:
32

4.TRAVEL A map of Illinois is scaled so that 2 inches

represents 15 miles. How far apart are Chicago and
Rockford if they are 12 inches apart on the map? ANSWER:
eSolutions
Manual - Powered by Cognero 42 Page 1

SOLUTION:

ANSWER:
ANSWER:
1.5
48
8-5 Variation Functions

6.Suppose d varies directly as f , and d varies inversely 8.x = 11 when y = 3

as g. Find g when d = 6 and f = 7, if g = 12 when d
= 9 and f = 3.
SOLUTION:
SOLUTION:

ANSWER:
ANSWER:
42

If x varies directly as y, find x when y = 8.
9.x = 14 when y = 2

7.x = 6 when y = 32
SOLUTION:
SOLUTION: Use a proportion that relates the values.


ANSWER:
56

ANSWER:
10.x = 4 when y = 10
1.5

SOLUTION:
8.x = 11 when y = 3 Use a proportion that relates the values.

SOLUTION:

ANSWER:
3.2

ANSWER:
11.MOON Astronaut Neil Armstrong, the first man on
the Moon, weighed 360 pounds on Earth with allPage
his 2
equipment on, but weighed only 60 pounds on the
Moon. Write an equation that relates weight on the

ANSWER:
ANSWER:
48
3.2

11.MOON Astronaut Neil Armstrong, the first man on 13.a = 60 when b = 5 and c = 4
the Moon, weighed 360 pounds on Earth with all his
equipment on, but weighed only 60 pounds on the
Moon. Write an equation that relates weight on the SOLUTION:
Moon m with weight on Earth w. Use a proportion that relates the values.

SOLUTION:
The equation that relates weight on the Moon m with
weight on Earth w is:

ANSWER:
36

14.a = 108 when b = 2 and c = 9

ANSWER:
SOLUTION:

If a varies jointly as b and c, find a when b = 4

and c = 3.

12.a = 96 when b = 3 and c = 8
ANSWER:
SOLUTION: 72

15.a = 24 when b = 8 and c = 12

SOLUTION:

ANSWER:
48

13.a = 60 when b = 5 and c = 4
ANSWER:
3
SOLUTION:
16.CCSSMODELINGAccording to the A.C.
Nielsen Company, the average American watches 4
hours of television a day.

a. Write an equation to represent the average
eSolutions number of hours spent watching television by m Page 3
household members during a period of d days.
ANSWER:

a. t = 4 md

ANSWER: b. Sample answer for four household members: 112
3
8-5 Variation Functions hours

16.CCSSMODELINGAccording to the A.C. If f varies inversely as g, find f when g = 6.

Nielsen Company, the average American watches 4
hours of television a day. 17.f = 15 when g = 9

a. Write an equation to represent the average
number of hours spent watching television by m SOLUTION:
household members during a period of d days. Use a proportion that relates the values.

b. Assume that members of your household watch
the same amount of television each day as the
average American. How many hours of television
would the members of your household watch in a
week?
ANSWER:
SOLUTION: 22.5

a. Let t be the average number of hours spent
watching television.
18.f = 4 when g = 28

SOLUTION:

b. Sample answer for four members:

ANSWER:
a. t = 4 md ANSWER:

b. Sample answer for four household members: 112
hours

If f varies inversely as g, find f when g = 6. 19.f = 12 when g = 19

17.f = 15 when g = 9 SOLUTION:
SOLUTION:

ANSWER:
38
ANSWER:
22.5
20.f = 0.6 when g = 21
eSolutions

Page 4
SOLUTION:
18.f = 4 when g = 28

ANSWER: ANSWER:
38
8-5 Variation Functions 2.1

20.f = 0.6 when g = 21 21.COMMUNITY SERVICE Every year students at

West High School collect canned goods for a local
food pantry. They plan to distribute flyers to homes in
SOLUTION: the community asking for donations. Last year, 12
Use a proportion that relates the values. students were able to distribute 1000 flyers in four
hours.

a. Write an equation that relates the number of
students s to the amount of time t it takes to distribute
1000 flyers.

ANSWER: b. How long would it take 15 students to hand out the
2.1 same number of flyers this year?

SOLUTION:
21.COMMUNITY SERVICE Every year students at
a. The number of students s varies directly as the
West High School collect canned goods for a local
number of flyers distributed and inversely as the
food pantry. They plan to distribute flyers to homes in
amount of time t.
the community asking for donations. Last year, 12
students were able to distribute 1000 flyers in four
hours. Therefore,

a. Write an equation that relates the number of
students s to the amount of time t it takes to distribute
1000 flyers.

b. How long would it take 15 students to hand out the b. Substitute t = 15 in the expression.
same number of flyers this year?

SOLUTION:
a. The number of students s varies directly as the
number of flyers distributed and inversely as the
amount of time t.
ANSWER:
Therefore, a.

b. 3.2 hours

22.BIRDS When a group of snow geese migrate, the
b. Substitute t = 15 in the expression.
distance that they fly varies directly with the amount
of time they are in the air.

a. A group of snow geese migrated 375 miles in 7.5
hours. Write a direct variation equation that
represents this situation.

ANSWER: b. Every year, geese migrate 3000 miles from their
winter home in the southwest United States to their
a.
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero summer home in the Canadian Arctic. Estimate Page the 5
number of hours of flying time that it takes for the
b. 3.2 hours geese to migrate.
a.
a. d = 50t

b. 3.2 hours
8-5 Variation Functions b. 60 hours

22.BIRDS When a group of snow geese migrate, the 23.Suppose a varies directly as b, and a varies inversely
distance that they fly varies directly with the amount as c. Find b when a = 5 and c = 4, if b = 12 when c
of time they are in the air. = 3 and a = 8.

a. A group of snow geese migrated 375 miles in 7.5
SOLUTION:
hours. Write a direct variation equation that
represents this situation. Use a proportion that relates the values.

b. Every year, geese migrate 3000 miles from their
winter home in the southwest United States to their
summer home in the Canadian Arctic. Estimate the
number of hours of flying time that it takes for the

geese to migrate.
ANSWER:
SOLUTION: 10
a. Let d be the distance that snow geese fly and t be
the amount of time they are in the air.
24.Suppose x varies directly as y, and x varies inversely
as z. Find z when x = 10 and y = 7, if z = 20 when x
Since it is direct variation, = 6 and y = 14.

. SOLUTION:
That is,
b. Substitute d = 3000 miles in the expression.

ANSWER: ANSWER:
a. d = 50t 6

b. 60 hours Determine whether each relation shows direct
or inverse variation, or neither.
23.Suppose a varies directly as b, and a varies inversely
as c. Find b when a = 5 and c = 4, if b = 12 when c
= 3 and a = 8.

SOLUTION:
25.

SOLUTION:

ANSWER:
10 Manual - Powered by Cognero
eSolutions Page 6

ANSWER:
ANSWER:
direct
6

Determine whether each relation shows direct


26.

SOLUTION:
25.

SOLUTION:

Since xy = 16 (a constant), the relation shows inverse
variation.

Since , the relation shows direct ANSWER:

inverse
variation.

ANSWER:
direct

27.

SOLUTION:
26.

SOLUTION:

Since neither isconstant,therelationis
neither direct nor inverse.

Since xy = 16 (a constant), the relation shows inverse
variation. ANSWER:
neither

ANSWER:
inverse 28.If y varies inversely as x and y = 6 when x = 19, find
y when x = 2.

SOLUTION:

ANSWER: ANSWER:
neither Functions
8-5 Variation 4

28.If y varies inversely as x and y = 6 when x = 19, find 30.Suppose a varies directly as b, and a varies inversely
y when x = 2. as c. Find b when a = 7 and c = 8, if b = 15 when c
= 2 and a = 4.

SOLUTION:
Use a proportion that relates the values. SOLUTION:

ANSWER:
57 ANSWER:
105

29.If x varies inversely as y and x = 16 when y = 5, find
x when y = 20. 31.Suppose x varies directly as y, and x varies inversely
as z. Find z when x = 8 and y = 6, if z = 26 when x
= 8 and y = 13.
SOLUTION:

SOLUTION:

ANSWER:
4 ANSWER:
12

30.Suppose a varies directly as b, and a varies inversely
as c. Find b when a = 7 and c = 8, if b = 15 when c State whether each equation represents a
= 2 and a = 4. direct, joint, inverse, or combined variation. Then
name the constant of variation.
SOLUTION:
Use a proportion that relates the values. 32.

SOLUTION:
.

Direct variation;
eSolutions Page 8
Constant of variation = 2.75.
ANSWER:
105

ANSWER: ANSWER:
12
8-5 Variation Functions joint; 3

State whether each equation represents a

direct, joint, inverse, or combined variation. Then 35.
name the constant of variation.

SOLUTION:
32.
. Combined variation; Constant of variation

= 10.
SOLUTION:
. ANSWER:
combined; 10
Direct variation;

Constant of variation = 2.75. 36.y = 11x

SOLUTION:
ANSWER: Direct variation; Constant of variation = 11.

direct; 2.75
ANSWER:
direct; 11
33.fg = 2

SOLUTION: 37.
Inverse variation; SOLUTION:

.
Constant of variation = 2 Direct variation;

Constant of variation = 4.
ANSWER:
inverse; 2
ANSWER:
direct; 4
34.a = 3bc

38.9n = pr
SOLUTION:
Joint variation; Constant of variation = 3.
SOLUTION:
ANSWER:
joint; 3 Combined variation;

35.
ANSWER:
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero combined; 9 Page 9
SOLUTION:
. Combined variation; Constant of variation

ANSWER: ANSWER:
direct; 4 Functions
8-5 Variation inverse; 7

38.9n = pr 42.10 = gh

SOLUTION: SOLUTION:
I
Combined variation;
nverse variation;

Constant of variation = 10
.
ANSWER: ANSWER:
combined; 9 inverse; 10

43.m = 20cd
39.2y = z

SOLUTION:
SOLUTION:
Joint variation Constant of variation = 20
Directvariation

Constant of variation = 2. ANSWER:
ANSWER: joint; 20
direct; 2

44.CCSSPRECISIONThe volume of a gas v varies
inversely as the pressure p and directly as the
40.a = 27b temperature t.

SOLUTION: a. Write an equation to represent the volume of a
Directvariation gas in terms of pressure and temperature. Is your
equation a direct, joint, inverse, or combined
Constant of variation = 27. variation?
ANSWER:
b. A certain gas has a volume of 8 liters, a
direct; 27
temperature of 275 Kelvin, and a pressure of 1.25

atmospheres. If the gas is compressed to a volume
of 6 liters and is heated to 300 Kelvin, what will the
41. new pressure be?

c. If the volume stays the same, but the pressure
SOLUTION: drops by half, then what must have happened to the
Inversevariation temperature?

SOLUTION:
ANSWER: a. ; Because volume varies with respect to

inverse; 7
two quantities, the situation represents a combined

variation.
42.10 = gh Page 10
b. Write a proportion that relates the volume,

pressure and temperature.
a. Let rbetheaveragerateofspeedandt be the
SOLUTION: time taken. Therefore, the equation that relates the
a. ; Because volume varies with respect to average speed and their travel time is
two quantities, the situation represents a combined Graph the function.
variation.

b. Write a proportion that relates the volume,
pressure and temperature.

c. If the volume remains constant and the pressure b. Substitute t = 18 in the equation to find the
drops by half, then the temperature must drop by half minimum average speed.
also.

ANSWER:
a. ; combined
b. approximately 1.82 atmospheres or ANSWER:

a.

c. It dropped by half.

45.VACATION The time it takes the Levensteins to

reach Lake Tahoe varies inversely with their average
rate of speed.

a. If they are 800 miles away, write and graph an
equation relating their travel time to their average
rate of speed.

b. Their goal is to arrive within 18 hours. What b.
minimum average speed will accomplish this goal?

46.MUSIC The maximum number of songs that a
SOLUTION:
digital audio player can hold depends on the lengths
a. Let rbetheaveragerateofspeedandt be the and the quality of the songs that are recorded. A
time taken. Therefore, the equation that relates the song will take up more space on the player if it is
average speed and their travel time is recorded at a higher quality, like from a CD, than at a
lower quality, like from the Internet.
Graph the function.
a. If a certain player has 5400 megabytes of storage
space, write a function that represents the number of
songs the player can hold as a function of the
average size of the songs.

b. Is your function a direct, joint, inverse, or
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero combined variation? Page 11

c. Suppose the average file size for a high-quality
a. If a certain player has 5400 megabytes of storage 1 2
space, write a function that represents the number of in kilograms of the two bodies and inversely
songs the player can hold as a function of the proportional to the square of the distance d in meters
average size
8-5 Variation of the songs.
Functions between the bodies. That is, G is the

b. Is your function a direct, joint, inverse, or universalgravitationalconstant.Itsvalueis6.67
combined variation? 11 2 2
10 Nm /kg .

c. Suppose the average file size for a high-quality a. The distance between Earth and the Moon is
song is 8 megabytes and the average size for a low- 8
quality song is 5 megabytes. Determine how many about3.8410 meters. The mass of the Moon is
22
more songs the player can hold if they are low quality 7.3610 kilograms.ThemassofEarthis5.97
than if they are high quality. 24
10 kilograms. What is the gravitational force that
the Moon and Earth exert upon each other?
SOLUTION:
b. The distance between Earth and the Sun is about
a. 11
1.510 meters. The mass of the Sun is about 1.99
30
10 kilograms. What is the gravitational force that
b. Inverse variation the Sun and Earth exert upon each other?

c. c. Find the gravitational force exerted on each other
by two 1000-kilogram iron balls at a distance of 0.1
meter apart.

SOLUTION:
Thus, the player can hold 675 high quality songs. a.

Thus, the player can hold 1080 low quality songs.

Therefore, the player can hold 1080 675 or 405
more low quality songs than if they are high quality.
ANSWER:
a.

b. inverse

c. 405 The gravitational force that the Moon and Earth

exert upon each other is about newtons.

47.GRAVITY According to the Law of Universal
Gravitation, the attractive force F in C newtons b.
between any two bodies in the universe is directly
proportional to the product of the masses m1 and m2
in kilograms of the two bodies and inversely
proportional to the square of the distance d in meters
between the bodies. That is, G is the
universalgravitationalconstant.Itsvalueis6.67
11 2 2
10 Manual
eSolutions Nm -/kg .
Powered by Cognero Page 12

a. The distance between Earth and the Moon is
8
22
b. about3.510 newtons
The gravitational force that the Moon and Earth
exert uponFunctions
8-5 Variation each other is about newtons. c. 6.67103 newtons

b.
48.CCSSCRITIQUEJamil and Savannah are setting
up a proportion to begin solving the combined
variation in which z varies directly as x and z varies
inversely as y. Who has set up the correct
proportion? Explain your reasoning.

The gravitational force that the Sun and Earth exert
upon each other is about newtons.

c.

SOLUTION:
Jamil; Savannah multiplied when she should have
divided and divided when she should have multiplied.

ANSWER:
The gravitational force exerted on each other by two Jamil; Savannah multiplied when she should have
1000-kilogram iron balls at a distance of 0.1 meter divided and divided when she should have multiplied.
apart is newtons.

49.CHALLENGE If a varies inversely as b, c varies
ANSWER: jointly as b and f , and f varies directly as g, how are
a. about21020 newtons a and g related?

22
b. about3.510 newtons SOLUTION:
a and g are directly related.
c. 6.67103 newtons

ANSWER:
48.CCSSCRITIQUEJamil and Savannah are setting a and g are directly related.
up a proportion to begin solving the combined
variation in which z varies directly as x and z varies
inversely as y. Who has set up the correct 50.REASONING Explain why some mathematicians
proportion? Explain your reasoning. consider every joint variation a combined variation,
but not every combined variation a joint variation.

SOLUTION:
Sample answer: Every joint variation is a combined
ANSWER:
Sample answer: Inverse and some types of combined
ANSWER: variation functions cannot have a value of 0 in the
a and g areFunctions
8-5 Variation directly related. domain because division by zero is undefined.

50.REASONING Explain why some mathematicians 53.SAT/ACT Rafael left the dorm and drove toward
consider every joint variation a combined variation, the cabin at an average speed of 40 km/h. Monica
but not every combined variation a joint variation. left some time later driving in the same direction at
an average speed of 48 km/h. After driving for five
hours, Monica caught up with Rafael. How long did
SOLUTION: Rafael drive before Monica caught up?
Sample answer: Every joint variation is a combined
variation because there are two combined direct A 1 hour
variations. However, a combined variation can have
a combination of a direct and an inverse variation, so
C 4 hours
it cannot be considered as a joint variation.

D 6 hours
ANSWER:
Sample answer: Every joint variation is a combined E 8 hours
variation because there are two combined direct
variations. However, a combined variation can have
a combination of a direct and an inverse variation, so SOLUTION:
it cannot be considered as a joint variation.

51.OPEN ENDED Describe three real-life quantities

that vary jointly with each other.

SOLUTION:
Sample answer: The force of an object varies jointly
as its mass and acceleration.

Therefore, Rafael started 1 hour before Monica. So,
ANSWER: Rafael drives for 6 hours before Monica caught up.
The correct choice is D.
Sample answer: The force of an object varies jointly
as its mass and acceleration. ANSWER:
D

52.WRITING IN MATH Determine the type(s) of
variation(s) for which 0 cannot be one of the values. 54.75% of 88 is the same as 60% of what number?
F 100
SOLUTION:
Sample answer: Inverse and some types of combined G 105
variation functions cannot have a value of 0 in the
domain because division by zero is undefined. H 108

J 110
ANSWER:

Sample answer: Inverse and some types of combined
variation functions cannot have a value of 0 in the SOLUTION:
domain because division by zero is undefined.

53.SAT/ACT Rafael left the dorm and drove toward

the cabin at an average speed of 40 km/h. Monica
left some time later driving in the same direction at
an average speed of 48 km/h. After driving for five
The correct choice is D. c. If she does not get a haircut, determine the length
of her hair after 9 years.
ANSWER:
D
SOLUTION:
a.
54.75% of 88 is the same as 60% of what number?

F 100

G 105

H 108

b.
J 110

c. Substitute 9 for x in the function .
SOLUTION:

The length of Audreys hair would be 34 inches after
9 years.

ANSWER:

a.
Therefore, the correct choice is J.

ANSWER:
J

55.EXTENDED RESPONSE Audreys hair is 7

inches long and is expected to grow at an average
rate of 3 inches per year. b. f (x) = 3x + 7

a. Make a table that shows the expected length of c. 34 in.
Audreys hair after each of the first 4 years.

b. Write a function that can be used to determine the 56.Which of the following is equal to the sum of two
consecutive even integers?
length of her hair after each year.

A 144
c. If she does not get a haircut, determine the length
of her hair after 9 years.
B 146

SOLUTION: C 147
a.
D 148

SOLUTION:
Let x be an even integer. Then the sum of two
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero consecutive even integers is Page 15

b. f (x) = 3x + 7
ANSWER:
c. 34 in. Functions
8-5 Variation B

56.Which of the following is equal to the sum of two Determine any vertical asymptotes and holes in
consecutive even integers? the graph of each rational function.

A 144
57.

B 146

SOLUTION:
C 147

D 148

SOLUTION:
Let x be an even integer. Then the sum of two The function is undefined when x = 2 or x = 3.
consecutive even integers is

ANSWER:
asymptotes: x = 2, x = 3

But 71 is not an even integer.

So, option A is incorrect. 58.

SOLUTION:

Therefore, the two even integers are 72 and 74. So,
the correct choice is B.

ANSWER: The function is undefined when x = 4 or x = 1.
B Therefore, the vertical asymptotes are at x = 4 and
x = 1.

Determine any vertical asymptotes and holes in
ANSWER:
the graph of each rational function.
asymptotes: x = 4, x = 1

57.
59.
SOLUTION:
SOLUTION:

The Manual
eSolutions function is undefined
- Powered when
by Cognero x = 2 or x = 3. Page 16


ANSWER:
asymptotes:
8-5 Variation x = 4, x = 1
Functions

b.
59.

SOLUTION:

c. Substitute 8 for f , 10 for q in the equation

The function f (x) has a hole at x = 3. .

ANSWER:
hole: x = 3

60.PHOTOGRAPHY The formula canbe
used to determine how far the film should be placed

from the lens of a camera to create a perfect
photograph. The variable q represents the distance
from the lens to the film, f represents the focal length The object should be 40 cm from the lens.
of the lens, and p represents the distance from the
object to the lens.
ANSWER:
a. Solve the formula for a.

b. Write the expression containing f and q as a single
rational expression. b.

c. If a camera has a focal length of 8 centimeters
c. 40 cm
and the lens is 10 centimeters from the film, how far
should an object be from the lens so that the picture
will be in focus?
Solve each equation. Check your solutions.

SOLUTION: 61.log3 42 log3 n = log3 7
a.
SOLUTION:

b.

b.
ANSWER:

6
c. 40 cm Functions
8-5 Variation

Solve each equation. Check your solutions. 62.log2(3x) + log2 5 = log2 30

61.log3 42 log3 n = log3 7
SOLUTION:

SOLUTION:

Check:

Check:

The solution is 2.

ANSWER:
2

The solution is 6.
63.2 log5 x = log5 9
ANSWER:
6 SOLUTION:

62.log2(3x) + log2 5 = log2 30

SOLUTION:

Check:

Check:
The solution is 3.

ANSWER:
3

The solution is 2.
eSolutions 64.log10 a + log10 (a + 21) = 2 Page 18

ANSWER:

ANSWER: ANSWER:
3
8-5 Variation Functions 4

64.log10 a + log10 (a + 21) = 2 Given a polynomial and one of its factors, find
the remaining factors of the polynomial. Some

factors may not be binomials.
SOLUTION:
3 2
65.2x 5x 28x + 15; x 5

SOLUTION:

The polynomial can be factored as
.
Check:
Factor the depressed polynomial .

The solution is a = 4.
The remaining factors of the given polynomial are
ANSWER: .
4

ANSWER:
Given a polynomial and one of its factors, find
the remaining factors of the polynomial. Some
factors may not be binomials.

3 2
65.2x 5x 28x + 15; x 5
3 2
66.3x + 10x x 12; x + 3
SOLUTION:
SOLUTION:

. The polynomial can be factored as
.
ANSWER:
ANSWER:
2a(a + 1)
8-5 Variation
Functions
3 2 68.x, 4y, x y
66.3x + 10x x 12; x + 3

SOLUTION: SOLUTION:
4xy(x y)

ANSWER:
4xy(x y)
. 69.8, 24x, 12

Factor the depressed polynomial . SOLUTION:

Therefore, the LCM is .

ANSWER:
24x

The remaining factors of the given polynomial are
4 2
70.x , 3x , 2xy
.
SOLUTION:
ANSWER:

Find the LCM of each set of polynomials. Therefore, the LCM is .

67.a, 2a, a + 1
ANSWER:
4
6x y
SOLUTION:

2a(a + 1)
2
71.12a, 15, 4b
ANSWER:
2a(a + 1) SOLUTION:

68.x, 4y, x y

SOLUTION:
Therefore, the LCM is Page 20
.
4xy(x y)

ANSWER:
4
6x y

2
71.12a, 15, 4b

SOLUTION:


ANSWER:
2
60ab

2
72.x + 2, x 3, x x 6

SOLUTION:


ANSWER:
2
x x6


ANSWER:
11
8-6 Solving Rational Equations and Inequalities
Solve each equation. Check your solution.

2.

1.
SOLUTION:

SOLUTION:

Check:
Check:

The solution is 9.
The solution is 11.
ANSWER:
ANSWER: 9
11

3.
2.
SOLUTION:
SOLUTION:

Check:

ANSWER: ANSWER:
9
8-6 Solving Rational Equations and Inequalities 7

3. 4.

SOLUTION: SOLUTION:

Check:

Check:

The solution is 3.

ANSWER:
3
The solution is 7.

ANSWER: 5.
7

SOLUTION:
4.

SOLUTION:

ANSWER: ANSWER:
3

5. 6.

SOLUTION: SOLUTION:

Check:

Check:

The solution is 8.

ANSWER:
8
The solution is x = 5.

6. ANSWER:
5

SOLUTION:
7.

SOLUTION:

ANSWER: ANSWER:
5

7. 8.

SOLUTION: SOLUTION:

Check:
Check:

The solution is 14.
The solution is 14.

ANSWER:
14 ANSWER:
14

8. 9.CCSSSTRUCTURESara has 10 pounds of dried
fruit selling for $6.25 per pound. She wants to know
how many pounds of mixed nuts selling for $4.50 per
SOLUTION: pound she needs to make a trail mix selling for $5 per
pound.

a. Let m = the number of pounds of mixed nuts.
Complete the following table.

how many pounds of mixed nuts selling for $4.50 per
pound she needs to make a trail mix selling for $5 per c. 25
pound.

a. Let m = the number of pounds of mixed nuts. 10.DISTANCE Alicias average speed riding her bike
Complete the following table. is 11.5 miles per hour. She takes a round trip of 40
miles. It takes her 1 hour and 20 minutes with the
wind and 2 hours and 30 minutes against the wind.

a. Write an expression for Alicias time with the
wind.

b. Write a rational equation using the last column of b. Write an expression for Alicias time against the
the table. wind.

c. Solve the equation to determine how many pounds c. How long does it take to complete the trip?
of mixed nuts are needed.
d. Write and solve the rational equation to determine
the speed of the wind.
SOLUTION:

a.
SOLUTION:
a. Let x be the speed of the wind.
The expression for Alicias time with the wind is
.

b.
b. The expression for Alicias time against the wind
is .

c.
c.

d.

Therefore, 25 pounds of mixed nuts are needed.

ANSWER:
a.

b. 62.5 + 4.5m = 50 + 5m

c. 25

10.DISTANCE Alicias average speed riding her bike The speed of the wind is 3.5 mph.
is 11.5 miles per hour. She takes a round trip of 40
miles. It takes her 1 hour and 20 minutes with the
eSolutions
windManual
and 2- hours
Powered by Cognero
and 30 minutes against the wind. Page 5
ANSWER:

a. Write an expression for Alicias time with the a.
c.

8-6 Solving Rational
The speed Equations
of the wind and Inequalities
is 3.5 mph. d.

ANSWER: e.
a.
f.

b.

c. 3 h and 50 min

d.

11.WORK Kendal and Chandi wax cars. Kendal can

wax a particular car in 60 minutes and Chandi can
wax the same car in 80 minutes. They plan on It will take them about 34.3 minutes to finish the car.
waxing the same car together and want to know how
long it will take.
ANSWER:
a. How much will Kendal complete in 1 minute?
a.
b. How much will Kendal complete in x minutes?
b.
c. How much will Chandi complete in 1 minute?
c.
d. How much will Chandi complete in x minutes?
d.
e . Write a rational equation representing Kendal and
Chandi working together on the car. e.

f. Solve the equation to determine how long it will
f. about 34.3 min
take them to finish the car.

SOLUTION: Solve each inequality. Check your solutions.

a.
12.

b.
SOLUTION:
The excluded value for this inequality is 0.

c.
Solve the related equation .

d.

eSolutions
e. Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 6

f.

8-6 Solving
Solve theRational Equations and Inequalities
related equation .

Test x = 2.

Therefore, the solution is 0 < x < 1.15.

ANSWER:
Divide the real line in to three intervals as shown. 0 < x < 1.15

13.
Test x = 1.

SOLUTION:


Test x = 1.

Test x = 2.
Divide the real line in to three intervals as shown.

Test c = 1. Page 7
14.

SOLUTION:
Test c = 1. The excluded value for this inequality is y = 0.


Test c = 0.5.


Test c = 1.

Test y = 1.

Test .
Therefore, the solution is c < 0 or .

ANSWER:
14.
Test y = 2.

SOLUTION:
The excluded value for this inequality is y = 0.


Test y = 2. Divide the real line in to three intervals as shown.

Test b = 1.

Therefore, the solution is .
Test b = 1.

ANSWER:
15.

SOLUTION: Test b = 3.
The excluded value of this inequality is b = 0.


Therefore, the solution is .

ANSWER:

Divide the real line in to three intervals as shown. Solve each equation. Check your solutions.


ANSWER:
ANSWER:
9


17.
16.
SOLUTION:
SOLUTION:

Check:

Check:

The solution is 2.

The solution is 9. ANSWER:
2

ANSWER:
9
18.

17. SOLUTION:

SOLUTION:

Check:

ANSWER: ANSWER:
2

18. 19.

SOLUTION: SOLUTION:

Check:
Check:

The solution is 7. The solution is 1.

ANSWER: ANSWER:
7 1

19. 20.

SOLUTION: SOLUTION:

20.

8-6 Solving Rational Equations and Inequalities Therefore, the solution set is {2, 12}

SOLUTION:
ANSWER:
21.

SOLUTION:

Use the quadratic formula.

Use the Quadratic formula to solve .

Check: x =
There is no real solution for the quadratic equation
. Therefore, the solution for the given
rational equation is .

ANSWER:

Check: x =
22.CHEMISTRY How many milliliters of a 20% acid

solution must be added to 40 milliliters of a 75% acid
solution to create a 30% acid solution?

SOLUTION:
Let x milliliters of a 20% acid solution is added to 40
milliliters of a 75% acid solution.

Therefore, the solution set is {2, 12}

ANSWER:
Page 12

ANSWER: ANSWER:
8-6 Solving Rational Equations and Inequalities 180 mL

22.CHEMISTRY How many milliliters of a 20% acid 23.GROCERIES Ellen bought 3 pounds of bananas for
solution must be added to 40 milliliters of a 75% acid $0.90 per pound. How many pounds of apples
solution to create a 30% acid solution? costing $1.25 per pound must she purchase so that
the total cost for fruit is $1 per pound?

SOLUTION:
Let x milliliters of a 20% acid solution is added to 40 SOLUTION:
milliliters of a 75% acid solution. Let Ellen bought x pounds of apples.

She needs to purchase 1.2 pounds of apples.

ANSWER:
1.2 lb

Check: 24.BUILDING Bryans volunteer group can build a
garage in 12 hours. Sequoias group can build it in 16
hours. How long would it take them if they worked
together?

SOLUTION:
The rate for Bryans volunteer group is .

Therefore, 180 milliliters of a 20% acid solution must The rate for Sequoias group is .
be added to 40 milliliters of a 75% acid solution to
create a 30% acid solution.

Let their combined rate is .
ANSWER:
180 mL

23.GROCERIES Ellen bought 3 pounds of bananas for

$0.90 per pound. How many pounds of apples
costing $1.25 per pound must she purchase so that
the total cost for fruit is $1 per pound?

SOLUTION:
Let Ellen
eSolutions Manualbought x pounds
- Powered of apples.
by Cognero Page 13

ANSWER:
1.2 lb Rational Equations and Inequalities SOLUTION:
8-6 Solving
The excluded value for this inequality is x = 0.

24.BUILDING Bryans volunteer group can build a
garage in 12 hours. Sequoias group can build it in 16
together?

SOLUTION:
The rate for Bryans volunteer group is .

The rate for Sequoias group is .

Let their combined rate is .


Test x = 1.

Therefore, it would take about 6.86 hours to build a
garage if they worked together.

Test x = 1.
ANSWER:
about 6.86 hours

Solve each inequality. Check your solutions.

25.

Test x = 2.
SOLUTION:

The solution for the inequality is x < 0 or x > 1.75.
ANSWER:

The solution for the inequality is x < 0 or x > 1.75. Test a = 1.

ANSWER:
x < 0 or x > 1.75

26.
Test a = 2.

SOLUTION:
The excluded value for this inequality is a = 0.

Therefore, the solution set is 0 < a < 1.1.

ANSWER:
0 < a < 1.1

27.

SOLUTION:
The excluded values for this inequality is x = 2 and
x = 2.

Divide the inequality in to three intervals as shown.

Test a = 1.

Test a = 1.

Divide the real line in to four intervals as shown.Page 15

Test x = 16.
Divide the real line in to four intervals as shown.

Test x = 4.

Therefore, the solution set for the inequality is x < 2
or 2 < x < 14.

ANSWER:
x < 2, or 2 < x < 14

Test x = 0. 28.

SOLUTION:
The excluded value for this inequality is x = 3 and x =
4.


Test x = 4.

Test x = 16.

There exists no real solution for the quadratic
equation .

There exists no real solution for the quadratic 29.
equation .
SOLUTION:

Test x = 5.

Solve the quadratic equation using the Quadratic
Test x = 0. formula.

Test x = 5.

Divide the real line in to 4 intervals as shown.

The solution set is 4 < x < 3.

ANSWER:
Test x = 6.
4 < x < 3

29.

SOLUTION:

ANSWER:
x < 5 or 4 < x <


Test x = 6.
30.

SOLUTION:
The excluded values for this inequality are x = 2
and x = 1.


Test x = 0.

Test x = 5.

Test x = 6.

Divide the real line in to 5 intervals as shown.

Test x = 6.
The solution set for the inequality is x < 5 or
.

ANSWER:
x < 5 or 4 < x <

30.
eSolutions Test x = 4.
SOLUTION:

Test x = 4.
Test x = 4.

The solution set for the inequality is x < 5 or 2 < x
< 1 or x > 2.

Test x = 0.
ANSWER:
2 < x, 2 < x < 1, x < 5

31.AIR TRAVEL It takes a plane 20 hours to fly to its

destination against the wind. The return trip takes 16
hours. If the planes average speed in still air is 500
Test . miles per hour, what is the average speed of the wind
during the flight?

SOLUTION:

The average speed of the wind during the flight is
about 55.56 miles per hour.

Test x = 4.
ANSWER:
55.56 mph

32.FINANCIALLITERACYJudie wants to invest

$10,000 in two different accounts. The risky account
earns 9% interest, while the other account earns 5%
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero interest. She wants to earn $750 interest for thePage
year.
19
Of tables, graphs, or equations, choose the best
representation needed and determine how much

ANSWER: d. VERBAL Use this knowledge to describe how
you can use a graph to determine whether an
55.56 mph
8-6 Solving Rational Equations and Inequalities apparent solution of a rational equation is extraneous.

32.FINANCIALLITERACYJudie wants to invest SOLUTION:
$10,000 in two different accounts. The risky account a.
earns 9% interest, while the other account earns 5%
interest. She wants to earn $750 interest for the year.
Of tables, graphs, or equations, choose the best
representation needed and determine how much
should be invested in each account.

SOLUTION:
Judie invest x dollars in the account earns 9%
interest and (10000 x) dollars in the account earns
5% interest.

Check: x = 1

Thus, Judie should invest $6250 at 9% account and
$3750 at 5% account.

x = 3 is the excluded value for the equation.
ANSWER: Therefore, x = 3 is the extraneous solution and x = 1
$6250 at 9% and $3750 at 5% is the solution for the equation.

b.
33.MULTIPLE REPRESENTATIONS Consider

a. ALGEBRAIC Solve the equation for x. Were
any values of x extraneous?

b. GRAPHICAL Graph and

onthesamegraphfor0<x < 5.
c. Two graphs intersect at x = 1 and they do not
c. ANALYTICAL For what value(s) of x do they intersect at the extraneous solution x = 3.]
intersect? Do they intersect where x is extraneous
for the original equation? d. Graph both sides of the equation. Where the
graphs intersect, there is a solution. If they do not,
d. VERBAL Use this knowledge to describe how then the possible solution is extraneous.
you can use a graph to determine whether an
apparent solution of a rational equation is extraneous.
ANSWER:
a. 1; yes; 3
SOLUTION:
a. b.

d. Graph both sides of the equation. Where the
graphs intersect, there is a solution. If they do not, d. Graph both sides of the equation. Where the
then the possible solution is extraneous. graphs intersect, there is a solution. If they do not,

8-6 Solving Rational Equations and Inequalities then the possible solution is extraneous.

ANSWER:
a. 1; yes; 3 Solve each equation. Check your solutions.

b.
34.

SOLUTION:
c. 1; no

d. Graph both sides of the equation. Where the
graphs intersect, there is a solution. If they do not,
then the possible solution is extraneous.


Check:
34.

SOLUTION:

The solution is y = 1.

ANSWER:
1

35.

Check:
SOLUTION:

ANSWER:
ANSWER:
1 Sample answer:
8-6 Solving
Rational Equations and Inequalities

35.
37.CHALLENGE Solve

SOLUTION:
SOLUTION:

Check:

The solution set is .
Therefore, the solution is all real numbers except 5,
5, and 0.
ANSWER:
ANSWER:

all real numbers except 5, 5, 0
36.OPEN ENDED Give an example of a rational
equation that can be solved by multiplying each side
of the equation by 4(x + 3)(x 4). 38.CCSSTOOLSWhile using the table feature on the
graphing calculator to explore the
SOLUTION: values 2 and 3 say ERROR.Explain its meaning.
Sample answer:
SOLUTION:
Sampleanswer:
ANSWER:
Sample answer:

The denominator will equal 0 when x = 2 or x = 3.
The values 2 and 3 are undefined values. On the
graph of f (x) these values would be vertical
37.CHALLENGE Solve asymptotes at these values.

ANSWER:
equation or inequality by the LCD can result in
extraneous solutions. Therefore, you should check all
ANSWER: solutions to make sure that they satisfy the original
all real numbers
8-6 Solving Rationalexcept 5, 5, 0and Inequalities
Equations equationorinequality.

38.CCSSTOOLSWhile using the table feature on the 40.Nine pounds of mixed nuts containing 55% peanuts
were mixed with 6 pounds of another kind of mixed
graphing calculator to explore the nuts that contain 40% peanuts. What percent of the
new mixture is peanuts?
values 2 and 3 say ERROR.Explain its meaning.

A 58%
SOLUTION:
Sampleanswer: B 51%

C 49%

D 47%
The denominator will equal 0 when x = 2 or x = 3.
The values 2 and 3 are undefined values. On the
SOLUTION:
graph of f (x) these values would be vertical
asymptotes at these values. Let the new mixture contains x percent of peanuts.

ANSWER:
Sample answer: The values 2 and 3 are undefined
values. On the graph of f (x) these values would be
vertical asymptotes at these values.

39.WRITINGINMATHWhy should you check

solutions of rational equations and inequalities? So, the new mixture contains 0.49 or 49% percent of
peanuts. The correct choice is C.

SOLUTION:
Sample answer: Multiplying each side of a rational ANSWER:
equation or inequality by the LCD can result in C
solutions to make sure that they satisfy the original
equationorinequality. 41.Working alone, Dato can dig a 10-foot by 10-foot
hole in five hours. Pedro can dig the same hole in six
ANSWER: together?
Sample answer: Multiplying each side of a rational
equation or inequality by the LCD can result in F 1.5 hours

solutions to make sure that they satisfy the original
equationorinequality. G 2.34 hours

H 2.52 hours
40.Nine pounds of mixed nuts containing 55% peanuts
were mixed with 6 pounds of another kind of mixed J 2.73 hours
nuts that contain 40% peanuts. What percent of the
new mixture is peanuts?
SOLUTION:
A 58%

B 51%

C 49%

ANSWER: ANSWER:
C
8-6 Solving Rational Equations and Inequalities J

41.Working alone, Dato can dig a 10-foot by 10-foot 42.An aircraft carrier made a trip to Guam and back.
hole in five hours. Pedro can dig the same hole in six The trip there took three hours and the trip back took
hours. How long would it take them if they worked four hours. It averaged 6 kilometers per hour on the
together? return trip. Find the average speed of the trip to
Guam.
F 1.5 hours
A 6 km/h
G 2.34 hours
B 8 km/h
H 2.52 hours
C 10 km/h
J 2.73 hours
D 12 km/h

SOLUTION:
SOLUTION:

Therefore, the distance of the trip to Guam is 24
kilometers.

It would take about 2.73 hours to dig the hole if they
worked together. The correct choice is J.

ANSWER:
J
The average speed of the trip to Guam is 8 km/h. So,
42.An aircraft carrier made a trip to Guam and back.
The trip there took three hours and the trip back took
four hours. It averaged 6 kilometers per hour on the ANSWER:
return trip. Find the average speed of the trip to B
Guam.
43.SHORT RESPONSE If a line isperpendicularto
A 6 km/h a segment CD at point F and CF = FD, how many
points on line arethesamedistancefrompointC
B 8 km/h as from point D?

C 10 km/h
SOLUTION:

all of the points
D 12 km/h

ANSWER:
SOLUTION:
all of the points

ANSWER:
inverse
ANSWER:
B
43.SHORT RESPONSE If a line isperpendicularto

a segment CD at point F and CF = FD, how many
points on line arethesamedistancefrompointC
as from point D?
45.
SOLUTION:
all of the points SOLUTION:

ANSWER:
all of the points



Since (aconstant)forallx and y values in
the relation, the relation is a direct variation.

44.
ANSWER:
direct
SOLUTION:
46.

SOLUTION:
Since xy = 42 (a constant) for all x and y values in
the relation, the relation is an inverse variation.

ANSWER:
inverse

Since neither xy or areconstant,therelationis
neither direct nor inverse variation.
45.

ANSWER:
SOLUTION: neither

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Graph each function. Page 25

47.

ANSWER:
neither Rational Equations and Inequalities
8-6 Solving


48.
47.

SOLUTION:
SOLUTION:

The vertical asymptote is at x = 3 and there is a Therefore, the graph of issame
hole at x = 4. The horizontal asymptote is at y = 0. as the graph of f (x) = x + 2 with a hole at x = 7.

ANSWER:

ANSWER:

48.

49.
SOLUTION:
SOLUTION:
The vertical asymptote is at x=2.Sincethedegree
of the numerator is greater than the denominator,
there is no horizontal asymptote.


50.WEATHER The atmospheric pressure P, in bars, of

49. a given height on Earth is given by using the formula

Intheformula,a is the surface pressure
SOLUTION: on Earth, which is approximately 1 bar, k is the
The vertical asymptote is at x=2.Sincethedegree altitude for which you want to find the pressure in
of the numerator is greater than the denominator, kilometers, and H is always 7 kilometers.
there is no horizontal asymptote.
a. Find the pressure for 2, 4, and 7 kilometers.

b. What do you notice about the pressure as altitude
increases?

SOLUTION:
a.

Therefore, the oblique asymptote is y = x + 5.

b. The pressure decreases as the altitude increases.
ANSWER:
ANSWER:
a. 0.75 bars; 0.56 bars; 0.37 bars

b. The pressure decreases as the altitude increases.

51.COMPUTERS Since computers have been

invented, computational speed has multiplied by a
factor of 4 about every three years.

a. If a typical computer operates with a
50.WEATHER The atmospheric pressure P, in bars, of
computational speed s today, write an expression for
a given height on Earth is given by using the formula
the speed at which you can expect an equivalent
Intheformula,a is the surface pressure computer to operate after x three-year periods.
on Earth, which is approximately 1 bar, k is the
altitude for which you want to find the pressure in b. Suppose your computer operates with a processor
kilometers, and H is always 7 kilometers. speed of 2.8 gigahertz and you want a computer that
eSolutions can operate at 5.6 gigahertz. If a computer withPage
that27
a. Find the pressure for 2, 4, and 7 kilometers. speed is currently unavailable for home use, how long
can you expect to wait until you can buy such a

computer?
a. 0.75 bars; 0.56 bars; 0.37 bars a.

b. The pressure
8-6 Solving Rationaldecreases
Equationsas the
andaltitude increases.
Inequalities b. 0.5 three-yr periods or 1.5 yr

51.COMPUTERS Since computers have been Determine whether the following are possible
invented, computational speed has multiplied by a lengths of the sides of a right triangle.
factor of 4 about every three years. 52.5, 12, 13

a. If a typical computer operates with a SOLUTION:
computational speed s today, write an expression for
Because the longest side is 13 units, use 13 as c, the
the speed at which you can expect an equivalent
measure of the hypotenuse.
computer to operate after x three-year periods.

b. Suppose your computer operates with a processor
speed of 2.8 gigahertz and you want a computer that
can operate at 5.6 gigahertz. If a computer with that
speed is currently unavailable for home use, how long
can you expect to wait until you can buy such a
computer?

Because , the triangle is a right triangle.
SOLUTION:

a.
ANSWER:
b. Substitute 2.8 for s and 5.6 for f (x) in the equation yes
.

53.60, 80, 100

SOLUTION:
Because the longest side is 100 units, use 100 as c,
the measure of the hypotenuse.

So, we can expect 0.5 three-year periods or 1.5 year
tobuy5.6gigahertzspeedhomecomputers.

ANSWER:
a. Because , the triangle is a right triangle.

b. 0.5 three-yr periods or 1.5 yr ANSWER:
yes

Determine whether the following are possible
lengths of the sides of a right triangle. 54.7, 24, 25
52.5, 12, 13

SOLUTION:
SOLUTION:
Because the longest side is 13 units, use 13 as c, the measure of the hypotenuse.

eSolutions Page 28

ANSWER:
yes

54.7, 24, 25

SOLUTION:

Because , the triangle is a right triangle.

ANSWER:
yes


ANSWER:
Practice Test - Chapter 8

3.
1.
SOLUTION:
SOLUTION:

ANSWER:
ANSWER:
2
8r

2. 4.

SOLUTION:
SOLUTION:

ANSWER:

ANSWER:
3.

SOLUTION:
5.

SOLUTION:

ANSWER: ANSWER:

5. 7.

SOLUTION: SOLUTION:

ANSWER:

ANSWER:

8.
6.

SOLUTION:
SOLUTION:

ANSWER:
ANSWER:

9.Identify the asymptotes, domain, and range of the
function graphed.
7.

SOLUTION:

ANSWER: ANSWER:
x = 2; f (x) = 5; D = {x | x 2}, R = {f (x) | f (x)
Practice Test - Chapter 8 5}

9.Identify the asymptotes, domain, and range of the 10.MULTIPLE CHOICE What is the equation for
function graphed. the vertical asymptote of the rational function

A x = 2

B x = 1

Cx=1

SOLUTION: Dx=2

Vertical asymptote: x = 2
SOLUTION:
Horizontal asymptote:

ANSWER: Equate the denominator expression to 0 and solve for
x = 2; f (x) = 5; D = {x | x 2}, R = {f (x) | f (x) x.
5}

10.MULTIPLE CHOICE What is the equation for

the vertical asymptote of the rational function The vertical asymptote of the rational function is x =
2.

The correct choice is A.
A x = 2

ANSWER:
B x = 1
A

Cx=1
Dx=2

11.
SOLUTION:

SOLUTION:

Equate the denominator expression to 0 and solve for
x.

11.
Practice
Test - Chapter 8
SOLUTION: ANSWER:
There is a zero at . There is a vertical

12.
asymptote at x = 0.

The degree of the numerator and denominator
polynomial is one. Therefore, there is a horizontal SOLUTION:
asymptote at .

There is a vertical asymptote at x = 4.

The degree of the numerator is less than the degree
of the denominator, the horizontal asymptote is the
line y = 0.

Draw the asymptotes, and then use the table of
values to graph the function.


ANSWER:

ANSWER:

Since the degree of the numerator and denominator
polynomials are equal, there is a horizontal asymptote
at .

ANSWER:


13.

SOLUTION:

ANSWER:

There is a zero at .

14.

SOLUTION:

at .
There is a zero at x = 0.




Practice Test - Chapter 8 SOLUTION:


are equal, there is a horizontal asymptote at . There is a vertical asymptote at x = 5.

at y = 1.



ANSWER:

ANSWER:
15.

SOLUTION: 16.



17.Determine the equations of any vertical asymptotes

16. and the values of x for any holes in the graph of the
function
SOLUTION:
SOLUTION:

Therefore, there is a vertical asymptote at x = 7 and
a hole at x = 5.

ANSWER:
vertical asymptote: x = 7; hole: x = 5

18.Determine the equations of any oblique asymptotes in
the graph of the function

SOLUTION:
ANSWER: The difference between the degree of the numerator
and the degree of the denominator is 1, so there is an
oblique asymptote.
Divide the numerator by the denominator to
determine the equation of the oblique asymptote.

17.Determine the equations of any vertical asymptotes

and the values of x for any holes in the graph of the Therefore, the equation of the oblique asymptote is
.
function

ANSWER:
SOLUTION: f(x) = x 2

Solve each equation or inequality.


19.

ANSWER:
ANSWER:
x = 5
x 2- Chapter 8
f(x) =Test
Practice

Solve each equation or inequality.

20.
19.
SOLUTION:
SOLUTION:

Check:

Check:


ANSWER:
x = 5

20.
The solution is m = 108.

SOLUTION:
ANSWER:
m = 108

21.

SOLUTION:

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Solve the related equation . Page 8

ANSWER:
SOLUTION:
Practice Test - Chapter 8 1 < x < 0

Solve the related equation . 22.

SOLUTION:


Check: r = 3

Test x = 2.

Check: r = 2

Test .

ANSWER:
r = 2, 3

Test x = 1. 23.

SOLUTION:

The solution of the inequality is .

ANSWER:
1 < x < 0


22.

ANSWER:
23.
Practice
Test - Chapter 8

SOLUTION:
24.

SOLUTION:

Check:
Check:

The solution is .
The solution is .

ANSWER:
ANSWER:

24. 25.If y varies inversely as x and y = 18 when
findx when y = 10.

ANSWER:
ANSWER:

26.If m varies directly as n and m = 24 when n = 3,
25.If y varies inversely as x and y = 18 when find n when m = 30.

findx when y = 10.
SOLUTION:

SOLUTION:

Substitute m = 30 in .

Therefore, .

ANSWER:
Substitute y = 10 in the equation .

27.Suppose r varies jointly as s and t. If s = 20 when r =

140 and t = 5, find s when r = 7 and t = 2.5.

SOLUTION:
ANSWER:
26.If m varies directly as n and m = 24 when n = 3,

find n when m = 30.

SOLUTION:

Substitute r = 7, t = 2.5 in the relation .

Substitute m = 30 in .


ANSWER:

ANSWER:
ANSWER:
Practice Test - Chapter 8 2

27.Suppose r varies jointly as s and t. If s = 20 when r = 28.BICYCLING When Susan rides her bike, the
140 and t = 5, find s when r = 7 and t = 2.5. distance that she travels varies directly with the
amount of time she is biking. Suppose she bikes 50
miles in 2.5 hours. At this rate, how many hours
SOLUTION: would it take her to bike 80 miles?

SOLUTION:

Substitute r = 7, t = 2.5 in the relation . Substitute m = 80 in the relation .

So, it would take 4 hours to bike 80 miles.

ANSWER:
4 hours

ANSWER: 29.PAINTING Peter can paint a house in 10 hours.

2 Melanie can paint the same house in 9 hours. How
long would it take if they worked together?

28.BICYCLING When Susan rides her bike, the
distance that she travels varies directly with the SOLUTION:
amount of time she is biking. Suppose she bikes 50
miles in 2.5 hours. At this rate, how many hours
would it take her to bike 80 miles?

SOLUTION:

It would take about 4.7 hours if they worked
Substitute m = 80 in the relation . together.

ANSWER:
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero about 4.7 hours Page 12

So, it would take 4 hours to bike 80 miles.

ANSWER: ANSWER:
4 hours
Practice Test - Chapter 8 about 4.7 hours

29.PAINTING Peter can paint a house in 10 hours. 30.MULTIPLE CHOICE How many liters of a 25%
Melanie can paint the same house in 9 hours. How acid solution must be added to 30 liters of an 80%
long would it take if they worked together? acid solution to create a 50% acid solution?
F 18

SOLUTION:
G 30

H 36

J 66

SOLUTION:

It would take about 4.7 hours if they worked
together.

ANSWER: ANSWER:
about 4.7 hours H

30.MULTIPLE CHOICE How many liters of a 25% 31.What is the volume of the rectangular prism?
acid solution must be added to 30 liters of an 80%
acid solution to create a 50% acid solution?
F 18

G 30

H 36
SOLUTION:
J 66

SOLUTION:

The volume of the prism is .

ANSWER:
ANSWER:
H

Page 13
31.What is the volume of the rectangular prism?

ANSWER:
H Test - Chapter 8
Practice

31.What is the volume of the rectangular prism?

SOLUTION:

The volume of the prism is .

ANSWER:

ANSWER:
oblique
Study Guide and Review - Chapter 8

Choose a term from the list above that best 4.A(n) canbeexpressedintheformy = k x.
completes each statement or phrase.

1.A(n) isarationalexpressionwhose SOLUTION:
numerator and/or denominator contains a rational direct variation
expression.

ANSWER:
SOLUTION: direct variation
complex fraction

5.Equations that contain one or more rational
ANSWER: expressions are called
complex fraction

SOLUTION:
rational equations
2.If two quantities show their product is

equal to a constant k.
ANSWER:
rational equations
SOLUTION:

inverse variation

6.The graph of hasa(n) atx = 2.
ANSWER:
inverse variation
SOLUTION:
vertical asymptote
3.A(n) asymptoteisalinearasymptotethat
is neither horizontal nor vertical.
ANSWER:
vertical asymptote
SOLUTION:

oblique
7. occurs when one quantity varies directly as
the product of two or more other quantities.
ANSWER:
oblique SOLUTION:
Joint variation

4.A(n) canbeexpressedintheformy = k x. ANSWER:
Joint variation

SOLUTION:
direct variation 8.A ratio of two polynomial expressions is called a(n)
_______.

ANSWER:
direct variation SOLUTION:
rational expression

5.Equations that contain one or more rational

ANSWER: ANSWER:
Joint
Study variation
Guide and Review - Chapter 8 Point discontinuity

8.A ratio of two polynomial expressions is called a(n) Simplify each expression.
_______.

11.
SOLUTION:
rational expression
SOLUTION:
ANSWER:
rational expression

9. occurs when one quantity varies directly

and/or inversely as two or more other quantities.

SOLUTION: ANSWER:
Combined variation

ANSWER:
Combined variation

12.
10. looks like a hole in a graph because the

graph is undefined at that point.
SOLUTION:
SOLUTION:
Point discontinuity

ANSWER:
Point discontinuity


ANSWER:
11.

SOLUTION:
13.

SOLUTION:

ANSWER:
ANSWER: ANSWER:

13.
15.

SOLUTION:

SOLUTION:

ANSWER:

14.
ANSWER:

SOLUTION:

2
16.GEOMETRY A triangle has an area of 3x + 9x
54 square centimeters. If the height of the triangle is
x + 6 centimeters, find the length of the base.

SOLUTION:
Let b = length of the base of the triangle.

ANSWER:
15.

The length of the base of the triangle is
SOLUTION:
centimeters.

ANSWER:
6x 18 cm

ANSWER: ANSWER:

2
16.GEOMETRY A triangle has an area of 3x + 9x 18.
54 square centimeters. If the height of the triangle is
x + 6 centimeters, find the length of the base.

SOLUTION:
SOLUTION:
Let b = length of the base of the triangle.

The length of the base of the triangle is ANSWER:
centimeters.

ANSWER:
6x 18 cm
19.

SOLUTION:
17.
SOLUTION:

ANSWER:
ANSWER:

18.

SOLUTION: 20.
SOLUTION:
ANSWER:
Guide and Review - Chapter 8

Study

20.
22.

SOLUTION:
SOLUTION:

ANSWER: ANSWER:

23.GEOMETRY What is the perimeter of the
21. rectangle?

SOLUTION:
SOLUTION:
ANSWER:

ANSWER:

range.

24.
22.
SOLUTION:
SOLUTION:
The graph of representsa
ANSWER:
D = {x | x 0},R={f (x) | f (x) 2}

range. 25.

24. SOLUTION:

The parent function is .
SOLUTION:
a = 10. The graph is expanded.
transformation of the graph of .

a = 12: The graph is expanded and is reflected
across the x-axis.

k = 2: The graph is translated 2 units up. There is an
asymptote at f (x) = 2.

ANSWER:

ANSWER:

D = {x | x 0},R={f (x) | f (x) 0}

26.

SOLUTION:

D = {x | x 0},R={f (x) | f (x) 2}


25. a = 3: The graph is expanded.
eSolutions Page 6
h = 5: The graph is translated 5 units left. There is
SOLUTION: an asymptote at x = 5.

= {x | xand0},R={f
D Guide
Study Review -(x) | f (x) 80}
Chapter D = {x | x 5}, R = {f (x) | f (x) 0}

26. 27.

SOLUTION: SOLUTION:
The graph of representsa The graph of representsa
transformation of the graph of . transformation of the graph of .

a = 3: The graph is expanded. a = 6: The graph is expanded.

h = 5: The graph is translated 5 units left. There is h = 9: The graph is translated 9 units right. There is
an asymptote at x = 5. an asymptote at x = 9.

ANSWER: ANSWER:

D = {x | x 5}, R = {f (x) | f (x) 0} D = {x | x 9},R={f (x) | f (x) 0}

27. 28.

SOLUTION: SOLUTION:
The Manual
eSolutions representsa
graph -ofPowered by Cognero The graph of representsa Page 7
transformation of the graph of . transformation of the graph of .

= {x | xand9},R={f
D Guide
Study Review -(x) | f (x) 80}
Chapter D = {x | x 2},R={f (x) | f (x) 3}

28. 29.

SOLUTION:
SOLUTION:
a = 4: Since a < 0, the graph is reflected across the
x-axis.
a = 7: The graph is expanded. h = 4: The graph is translated 4 units left. There is
an asymptote at x = 4.
h = 2: The graph is translated 2 units right. There is k = 8: The graph is translated 8 units down. There
an asymptote at x = 2. is an asymptote at .
Since , the graph is stretched vertically.
k = 3: The graph is translated 3 units up. There is an
asymptote at .

ANSWER:

.

ANSWER:
D = {x | x 4}, R = {f (x) | f (x) 8}
30.CONSERVATION The student council is planting

28 trees for a service project. The number of trees
each person plants depends on the number of student
council members.

D = {x | x 2},R={f (x) | f (x) 3}
a. Write a function to represent this situation.

29.
SOLUTION:
a. Let x be the number of student council members.

a. Write a function to represent this situation.

Study
b. Guide andfunction.
Graph the Review - Chapter 8

SOLUTION: Determine the equations of any vertical

a. Let x be the number of student council members. asymptotes and the values of x for any holes in
the graph of each rational function.
The function representing the situation is .
31.
b. The graph of representsa
SOLUTION:

Here a = 28, the graph is stretched vertically.

Therefore, the vertical asymptotes are at x = 0 and x
= 4.

ANSWER:
x = 4, x = 0

32.
ANSWER:
a. SOLUTION:

b.

Therefore, there is a vertical asymptote at x = 4.
There is a hole at x = 2.

Determine the equations of any vertical
asymptotes and the values of x for any holes in ANSWER:
the graph of each rational function. x = 4; hole: x = 2

31.
33.

SOLUTION:

ANSWER:
4; hole:
x =Guide
Study = 2 - Chapter 8
andx Review

Draw the asymptotes, and then use a table of values
33. to graph the function.

SOLUTION:

Therefore, there is a vertical asymptote at x = 8.
There is a holt at x = 3. ANSWER:

ANSWER:
x = 8; hole: x = 3

Graph each rational function.

34.

SOLUTION:
35.

SOLUTION:

Since the degree of the numerator is less than the
degree of the denominator, the horizontal asymptote
is at y = 0. There is a vertical asymptote at x = 1.

are equal, there is a horizontal asymptote at y = 1.

Draw
eSolutions the asymptotes,
Manual and then
- Powered by Cognero use a table of values Page 10
to graph the function.


Since
Study the and
Guide degree of the -numerator
Review Chapter 8and denominator
are equal, there is a horizontal asymptote at y = 1.

36.

SOLUTION:


The graph of issameasthe
graph of with a hole at x = 2.

ANSWER:

ANSWER:
36.

SOLUTION: 37.

SOLUTION:

The Manual
eSolutions graph -ofPowered by Cognero issameasthe Page 11
graph of with a hole at x = 2.

SOLUTION:

38.SALES Aliyah is selling magazine subscriptions. Out
of the first 15 houses, she sold subscriptions to 10 of
them. Suppose Aliyah goes to x more houses and
sells subscriptions to all of them. The percentage of
houses that she sold to out of the total houses can be
determined using

Since the degree of the numerator is less than the
degree of the denominator, the horizontal asymptote a. Graph the function.
is at y = 0.
b. What domain and range values are meaningful in
the context of the problem?

SOLUTION:
a. There is a vertical asymptote at x = 15. Since the
degree of the numerator and denominator are equal,
there is a horizontal asymptote at y = 1.

Graph the function.


b.

ANSWER:
ANSWER: a.

b.
38.SALES Aliyah is selling magazine subscriptions. Out
eSolutions
of theManual
first -15
Powered by Cognero
houses, she sold subscriptions to 10 of Page 12
them. Suppose Aliyah goes to x more houses and 39.If a varies directly as b and b = 18 when a = 27, find
sells subscriptions to all of them. The percentage of a when b = 10.

ANSWER:
Guide and Review - Chapter 8
Study a = 15
b.

40.If y varies inversely as x and y = 15 when x = 3.5,
39.If a varies directly as b and b = 18 when a = 27, find find y when x = 5.
a when b = 10.
SOLUTION:
SOLUTION:
Substitute b = 10 in the relation . Substitute x = 5 in the relation .
ANSWER: ANSWER:
a = 15 y = 10.5

40.If y varies inversely as x and y = 15 when x = 3.5, 41.If y varies inversely as x and y = 3 when x = 9, find
find y when x = 5. y when x = 81.

SOLUTION: SOLUTION:

Substitute x = 81 in the relation .


ANSWER:
ANSWER:
y = 10.5
eSolutions Page 13
41.If y varies inversely as x and y = 3 when x = 9, find

ANSWER:
ANSWER:
10.5 and Review - Chapter 8
y =Guide
Study

41.If y varies inversely as x and y = 3 when x = 9, find 42.If y varies jointly as x and z, and x = 8 and z = 3
y when x = 81. when y = 72, find y when x = 2 and z = 5.

SOLUTION: SOLUTION:

Substitute x = 2 and z = 5 in the relation y = 3xz.

ANSWER:
y = 30

ANSWER: 43.If y varies jointly as x and z, and y = 18 when x = 6
and z = 15, find y when x = 12 and z = 4.

SOLUTION:
42.If y varies jointly as x and z, and x = 8 and z = 3
when y = 72, find y when x = 2 and z = 5.

SOLUTION:

Substitute x = 12 and z = 4 in the relation .

Substitute x = 2 and z = 5 in the relation y = 3xz.

ANSWER:
ANSWER:
y = 30

43.If y varies jointly as x and z, and y = 18 when x = 6
and z = 15, find y when x = 12 and z = 4. 44.JOBS Lisas earnings vary directly with how many
hours she babysits. If she earns $68 for 8 hours of

ANSWER:
ANSWER:
y =Guide
Study 30 and Review - Chapter 8

43.If y varies jointly as x and z, and y = 18 when x = 6 44.JOBS Lisas earnings vary directly with how many
and z = 15, find y when x = 12 and z = 4. hours she babysits. If she earns $68 for 8 hours of
babysitting, find her earnings after 5 hours of
babysitting.
SOLUTION:

SOLUTION:
Let x = number of hours.
Let y = Lisas earnings.

Substitute x = 12 and z = 4 in the relation .


ANSWER:
44.JOBS Lisas earnings vary directly with how many

hours she babysits. If she earns $68 for 8 hours of After 5 hours of babysitting, Lisas earnings is
babysitting, find her earnings after 5 hours of $42.50.
babysitting.

ANSWER:
SOLUTION: $42.50
Let x = number of hours.
Let y = Lisas earnings.
Solve each equation or inequality. Check your
solutions.

45.

SOLUTION:



ANSWER:
ANSWER:
$42.50

Solve each equation or inequality. Check your

solutions. 46.

45. SOLUTION:

SOLUTION:

Check:

Check:


ANSWER:
x = 13

The solution is . 47.

ANSWER: SOLUTION:
46.

SOLUTION:

ANSWER: 48.
x =Guide

SOLUTION:
47.

SOLUTION:

Check:

Check:


ANSWER:
x = 7

48.

Check: x = 4
SOLUTION:

The solution is .

ANSWER:

Check: x = 4
49.

SOLUTION:

The solution is .

ANSWER:

49.
Check: x = 8

SOLUTION:

When x = 4, left side expression of the rational
equation becomes undefined. Therefore, the solution
of the equation is x = 8.

Check: x = 8
ANSWER:
x =8


50. Page 18

ANSWER:
x =Guide

Therefore, the solution is x < 1.
50.

ANSWER:
SOLUTION: x <1

Solve the related equation . 51.

SOLUTION:

The LCD is 30x.

There exists no real solution for the quadratic
equation .
Draw vertical lines at the excluded value and at the
Divide the real line in to two regions as shown. solution to separate the number line into intervals.

Now test a sample value in each interval to

determine whether the values in the interval satisfy
Test x = 0. the inequality.

Test x = 1.

Test x = 2.

Test x = 0.5.

Therefore, the solution is x < 1.

ANSWER:

Test x = 0.5.
52.YARD WORK Lana can plant a garden in 3 hours.
Milo can plant the same garden in 4 hours. How long
will it take them if they work together?

SOLUTION:

Test x = 1.

The statement is only true for x = 0.5. Therefore, Therefore, it will take to plant the garden if
the solution is < x < 0.
they work together.

ANSWER: ANSWER:

52.YARD WORK Lana can plant a garden in 3 hours.
Milo can plant the same garden in 4 hours. How long
will it take them if they work together?

SOLUTION:

Therefore, it will take to plant the garden if
they work together.

ANSWER:

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