Interview Question based on Quantum Mechanics

1) Explain what is Quantum Physics?

The understanding of behavior of matter and energy at the molecular, nuclear, atomic and
even microscopic levels is referred as Quantum physics.

2) Explain what is Quantum entanglement?

Quantum entanglement is one of the central principle of quantum physics, which means
multiple particles are linked together in a way that the measurement of one particle quantum
state determines the possible quantum of the other particles

11) Explain what is Wave-Particle duality?

When matter and light exhibits properties of both waves and particles, it is referred as
Wave-Particle duality. For instance, Light can behave like wave when it shines through
narrow slits while, when exposed to some metal surface it will spray electrons acting as a
particle. So under different conditions it will act.

12) Explain what is Quantum tunneling?

Quantum tunneling is the process where the particle passes through an obstruction or
barrier to reach at another end. It is referred as tunneling as the particle as dug out the
way through the potential barrier.

13) Explain what is Uncertainty principle?

Uncertainty principle tells that the momentum and position of a particle cannot be measured
precisely.

Questions and answers on quantum physics

Q: Why quantum physics is named as it is?

A: In 1905 Albert Einstein explained the photoelectric phenomena by assuming that light can be
absorbed in certain packets, only. He suggested that light has an elementary quanta; the
photon, as it was then called. This contributed to the birth of a new physics in an important way.
Many other quantities (that were previously considered continuous) were also discovered to be
quantized. Thus the emerging new physics was named quantum physics.

Q: So the essence of quantum physics is that everything has a quanta?

A: Not really. In fact, it is not even true. For example, if we take an H-atom, we find that it has
certain energy levels. But it is not true that energy is quantized. If we now take a different
atom, we find different energy levels; the actual levels does not reflect some universal property
of energy rather, it is specific to the system in question. By the way, such things can happen
in classical physics, too. For example, if we have a cord, it can only vibrate at certain
frequencies. However, different cords can vibrate at all sort of different frequencies
altogether, in classical physics there is no natural unit of frequency.

Q: Then what is the essence of quantum physics? What makes it so different from classical
physics?

A: Quantum physics takes account of the uncertainty present in nature. (By the way, you should
also note, that quantum physics is not a single theory; rather, it is a general framework. More
specifically, one talks about quantum mechanics, quantum thermodynamics, quantum field
theory, etc.) Here the word uncertainty is not meant in the sense that we dont know something
(so that we would be uncertain of something). Quantum physics claims that reality isnt
something crystal clear; instead, it is somewhat misty. When we describe the electrons position
in an H-atom by a certain spherical cloud, we do so not because we are not sure where it is
(which would be a simple lack of information on the observers side). Rather, the electron itself
is not sure about its position (intrinsic uncertainty), and in some sense it is really both here and
there and a little bit all around. 1

Q: So quantum physics must use probability theory?

A: Yes, but it uses a built in probability theory which is different from the classical one. There
is actually a mathematical difference between probabilities arising from lack of knowledge and
intrinsic uncertainty. When we use classical probability theory, we tacitly assume that at each
experimental round, each measurable quantity (described in the theory by a random variable)
assumes a value independently from the fact whether we have measured it or not. In reality, at
each experimental round we can only measure some quantities. It turns out that the statistics
emerging from experimental data actually contradicts the assumption that at each experimental
round, all quantities had a value (and that only we did not know them). On the other hand, the
probability theory used in quantum physics does not make such assumptions and in fact the
predictions made by using quantum physics are in perfect agreement with experimental data.
From the point of view of abstract mathematics, the main difference is that the event-lattice used
in classical probability theory is distributive, whereas the one used by quantum physics isnt.

Q: Ive heard that in quantum physics a lot of fancy mathematical objects like Hilbert spaces are
used, and that in particular, measurable quantities are described by self-adjoint operators. Are
these things related to what you have just explained?

A: Yes, these are mathematical elements of the built in probability theory used by quantum
physics.

Q: How about the particle-wave duality?

A: It is just another example of uncertainty. Consider light, which was already mentioned in the
beginning of our discussion. It can only be emitted and absorbed in certain units; this is what
have suggested the photon-theory. Yet to describe its propagation one is forced to talk about
waves. (Even if we deal with a single photon!) Actually, this is true not only for light: it is a
general fact regarding every elementary particle. So from the classical point of view, the
situation is rather paradoxical: a particle can sometimes behave like a wave. From the point of
quantum physics, there is no paradox. The particle is a particle, but its position is uncertain. It
can be both here and little bit also there, so actually even a single particle can produce
interference phenomena.

First introduced by Schrodinger equation and come at solution into wave function then tell them about
wave function meaning and what is significant of wave function. then come on measurement and tell
them about problems in measurement then come on entanglement and quantum system then tell them
how to make a quantum entanglement system and what is effect of measurement on entanglement
state when it is in standing form, then after tell them about measurement occurs on standing form then
there is no alter of state and minimize the uncertainty and determinist result we would get by this
project, thats it.