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Opcin A
Ejercicio 1.
X M 32 . La mejor forma de resolver esta ecuacin matricial, dado que las matrices que intervienen en el producto
tienen pocos ceros, es la siguiente:
A X B C = D A X B = D + C A1 A X B B 1 = A1 ( D + C ) B 1
X = A1 ( D + C ) B 1 , entonces calculamos las inversas de A y B
1 0 3
A = 1 2 1 = 4 + 9 12 3 = 2
2 3 2
2 1 0 3 0 3
A11 = =1 A21 = = 9 A31 = =6
3 2 3 2 2 1
1 9 6
1 1 1 3 1 3
A = 0 4 2
1 1
A12 = =0 A22 = = 4 A32 = =2
2 2 2 2 1 1 2
1 3 2
1 2 1 0 1 0
A13 = =1 A23 = = 3 A33 = =2
2 3 2 3 1 2
5 3
B = = 5 + 3 = 2
1 1
B11 = 1 B21 = ( 3) = 3 1 1 3
B 1 =
B12 = 1 B22 = 5 2 1 5
1 9 6 4 8 4 1
1 1 3 1
X = 0 4 2 8 4 X = 0 3
2
1 3 2 19 11 1 5 2 2 5
Ejercicio 2.
abc 2a 2a
ba c = (a + b + c )
3
2b 2b
2c 2c cba
a+b+c 0 0
= (a + b + c) = (a + b + c)
3
2b 0
2c 0 (a + b + c)
Ejercicio 3.
1 1 x
Calcula para qu valor, o valores, de x admite inversa la siguiente matriz A = x 0 1 y halla
6 1 0
A 1 para x =3.
1 1 x
x 0 1 = x 2 + 6 1 = 5 x 2
6 1 0
A1 existe A 0 ; 5 x 2 = 0 x = 5 A admite inversa si x 5 y x 5
1 1 3
para x = 3 A = 3 0 1 ; A = 4
6 1 0
0 1 1 3 1 3
A11 = = 1 A21 = = 3 A31 = = 1
1 0 1 0 0 1
1 3 1
3 1 1 3 1 3
A1 = 6 18 10
1
A12 = =6 A22 = = 18 A32 = = 10
6 0 6 0 3 1 4
3 5 3
3 0 1 1 1 1
A13 = = 3 A23 = = 5 A33 = = 3
6 1 6 1 3 0
1 a a a a a 1 2a 0 0 0 a
a 1 a a a a 0 1 2a 0 0 a
a a 1 a a a = 0 0 1 2a 0 a =
a a a 1 a a 0 0 0 1 2a a
C = C C
a a a a 1 a C12 =C12 C55 2a 1 2a 1 2 a 1 2a 1 1 a F5 = F5 + F1 + F2 + F3 + F4
C3 =C3 C5
C4 =C4 C5
1 2a 0 0 0 a
0 1 2a 0 0 a
= = (1 2a ) (1 + 3a )
4
0 0 1 2a 0 a
0 0 0 1 2a a
0 0 0 0 1 + 3a
Opcin B
Ejercicio 1.
Sea A una matriz cuadrada que verifica A2 = I 2 A , donde I denota la matriz identidad.
( )
- Probar que det A 0 y encontrar A1 .
A4 = A2 A2 = ( I 2 A) ( I 2 A) = I 4 A + 4 A2 = I 4 A + 4 ( I 2 A) = 5I 12 A , entonces
p = 5 y q = 12
2 1 2 1 2 1 5 2 + k
A= A2 = = 2
1 k 1 k 1 k 2 + k 1 + k
1 0 4 2 5 2 5 2 + k 5 2
I 2A = = =
0 1 2 2k 2 1 2k 2
2 + k 1 + k 2 1 2k
2 + k = 2 k = 0
entonces k =0
1 + k = 1 2k k + 2k = 0 k = 0 , k = 2
2 2
Ejercicio 2.
A 2
* A4 = A A A A = A A A A = ( 2 ) = 16
4
* 2 A A1 = 2 I = 2 4 I = 16
* A At = A At = A A = ( 2 ) = 4
2
* ( At )
1 1 1 1
= t
= =
A A 2
* ( A1 ) = A1 =
t 1 1
=
A 2
At = A At = A A = A A = 0
Ejercicio 3.
1 0 0 1 0 0
Hallar una matriz X tal que A X A = B , siendo A = 3 1 1 , B = 0 1 0 .
t
5 1 2 0 0 0
X = A1 X ( At ) , pero ( At ) = ( A1 ) X = A1 X ( A1 )
1 1 t t
A X At = B
A =1
1 1 0 0 0 0
A11 = =1 A21 = =0 A31 = =0
1 2 1 2 1 1
1 0 0
3 1 1 0 1 0
A12 = =1 A22 = =2 A32 = =1 A = 1 2 1
1
5 2 5 2 3 1 2 1 1
3 1 1 0 1 0
A13 = = 2 A23 = =1 A33 = =1
5 1 5 1 3 1
1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 2 1 1 2
X = 1 2 1 0 1 0 0 2 1 = 1 3 4
2 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 2 4 3
Ejercicio 4.
5 x x 3
x 5 3 x
Resuelve la siguiente ecuacin: =0
x 3 5 x
3 x x 5
5 x x 3 5 x 0 2 8 2x 0 0
8 2x 0
5 2 0
= 4 ( 64 4 x 2 )
x 5 3 x x 2x 8 0 0 8 2x
= = = 2 2x 8 0 = 4
x 3 5 x x 3 2 0 x 3 2 0 2x 8
x 3 2 desarrollo por C
3 x x 5 C4 =C4 C1 3 x 0 2 F1 = F1 + F4 3 x 0 2 desarrollo por C 3
C3 =C3 C2 F2 = F2 + F3 4
x = 4
4 ( 64 4 x 2 ) = 0 16 x 2 = 0
x = 4